98 lines
12 KiB
XML
98 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document id="78A6A35B6AE4C313E4DB31CC1543D253" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb80e4cc-617f-4019-87a5-1a3193415847" ModsDocAuthor="Wheeler, W. M." ModsDocID="20597" checkinTime="1243371947323" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Wheeler, W. M." docDate="1922" docId="81247444F4FEA4F1869B901EBDAC0A1B" docLanguage="en" docName="20597_1" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45" docSource="http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097" docTitle="Euponera Forel" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="76DE4446B070FF79F438A6FC084F5E35" masterDocTitle="The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition." masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1701311232750" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="12C0D5E72803C8ABC7BF4F66AE2734AF">
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<mods:title id="766130745333EAF3C3F080C4B44C25FD">The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="903B339EA9277E883F889154D9004116" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="823CAC0721EECF5ED16DE577245DED9D">
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<mods:namePart id="CC95C5D9C04A0B3F085B09840AE5920C">Wheeler, W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6553E11753146514F843EE8489DD266E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AC7A2D91F930DBFA718EF097B23A5D21">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8B29CC5DE8F2D31CF32811EBC3BD561">
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<mods:date id="0CF3810AC15157E3608A9DAFD3F8DD69">1922</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7598BD8A351782263C48AF94704BD943">45</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="04526CAE8BC32882ACD5DB4B84C013FD">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="4F60E8F8194498F3ECD03968F5120CA6">269</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="EB9AC2D22C95E5F3F6E47E9B764D4FD8">http://plazi.org:8080/dspace/handle/10199/17097</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="350541F72B6E051C27EB1FC11C450069">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="942C5B2F9CBFFCC0AAD722564CB84050" type="HNS-Pub">20597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="81247444F4FEA4F1869B901EBDAC0A1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6288970" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6288970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:81247444F4FEA4F1869B901EBDAC0A1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/81247444F4FEA4F1869B901EBDAC0A1B" lastPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="7545470123F6E547880230EB498D7833" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D07FD2D443FB86A0BCDF28466651DD24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="BBD9B053F56731772893A37997CF59BF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146951" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageStartToken id="1DB2F20860DB753EA9167D1AC512FDAB" pageNumber="81">Euponera</pageStartToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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Forel
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E20BA794BF503E5D070F4D18D74E9031" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D22BD09819DB8789A803A567F1D86147" pageNumber="81">
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Resembling
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<taxonomicName id="0105BA623EBC02703BFE9E81C7215BC1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146834" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
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but smaller and much more finely sculptured.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E7AC32E7997FD5BA04E84737DF4C3DEB" pageNumber="81">
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Worker monomorphic, with subtriangular mandibles the apical margins of which are dentate. Cheeks not carinate. Frontal carinae closely approximated, expanded and lobular in front and concealing the insertions of the ant antennae. Eyes placed near or in front of the anterior third of the head, sometimes vestigial or even absent. Clypeus rounded and obtusely pointed in front, usually carinate. Antenna1 slender, 12-jointed, the scapes slightly thickened apically but notclavate. Thorax shaped somewhat as in
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<taxonomicName id="ED5F723FD913DCC1B06A7C96239E8907" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146834" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
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but with distinct mesoepinotal suture and usually with distinct, mesoepinotal constriction. Petiole surmounted by a thick transverse scale. Middle and hind tibia; with two spurs; claws simple.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9ECC0C0081AA3B9E4D5D7FBEA8C3BB13" pageNumber="81">
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Female winged; in some of the subgenera scarcely larger, in one (
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<taxonomicName id="8DFB1718FB3C7428BD2F8CC6AC697970" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146835" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachyponera</taxonomicName>
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) considerably larger than the worker; in other respects similar.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4A744B05877EF18690033D7E74D1F09B">
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<paragraph id="E6940F57E44CD74C607E54FD7757D5FD" pageNumber="81">
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Map 12. Distribution of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BF16BA8F9F8B213A044DD1036AEAB8CB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146951" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euponera</taxonomicName>
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(simple crossing) and of
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<taxonomicName id="79D47D4C617B6084265C5E392B798EFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228140" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis" subGenus="Brachyponera">Euponera (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Mayr)</taxonomicName>
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(double crossing).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="70B4B6CDB27EA3B31FC68C389353AB53" pageNumber="81">
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Male much like the males of
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<taxonomicName id="FDD5AFC901535617246F5E6BAF81897D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5DE7F898EEC723D2186016C5F4081D43" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146834" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
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but differing somewhat, in the various subgenera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAC27ED64BD13A28ECBF3B644D61273" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A207AB56CF3060A09E17A9D9987B413E" lastPageNumber="82" pageNumber="81">
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Emery has divided this genus into four subgenera:
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<taxonomicName id="C818F2B367B2FF63F1A42A2C01B412F5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146951" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euponera</taxonomicName>
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, sensu stricto;
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<taxonomicName id="B7B8553B2EFC757E436BD249C351A958" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146986" authority="Emery, 1900" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1900" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Mesoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Mesoponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesoponera</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="8AB51AADF4578354EC4720EBD32C132A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146835" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachyponera</taxonomicName>
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; and
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<taxonomicName id="4FE7FB14619E74ED2E4EDC648CAE664D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147265" authority="Emery, 1911" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trachymesopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Trachymesopus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trachymesopus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="7AE0EA7821365786A8B7EBB2C2F5F550" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146951" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euponera</taxonomicName>
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, with a single species, is confined to Madagascar, the other subgenera have a wide distribution over the tropical and subtropical portions of both hemispheres (Map 12). The species live in the ground, either in crater nests or under stones, logs, etc.
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<taxonomicName id="EBE225AD095AD63C66CA03D028B90B3A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141637" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera (Mesoponera) castanea var. striata Stitz" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea" subGenus="Mesoponera">Eu. (Mesoponera) castanea (Mayr)</taxonomicName>
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of New Zealand lives, as a rule, in rotten logs and stumps. The colonies of
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<taxonomicName id="2B14476BF9E0D046D48D93E0C5277F72" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146835" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachyponera</taxonomicName>
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are rather large and populous, those of the other subgenera much smaller. In the
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<taxonomicName id="7689089B60B1F5DFF91BE84218CD0716" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239093" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Brachyponera (Trachymesopus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" subGenus="Trachymesopus">subgenus Trachymesopus</taxonomicName>
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there is a pronounced tendency to hypogaeic habits and also, therefore, to a degeneration of the eyes in the worker.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |