318 lines
42 KiB
XML
318 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1EA82D83AFAE7725CE20E1EFAE54B025">Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D5E35EBEA81D185CB61FBE5FA10D3BE">Svenson, Gavin J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="31ED9D490C1F072EB5FD9E2ADE2AB9D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:31ED9D490C1F072EB5FD9E2ADE2AB9D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31ED9D490C1F072EB5FD9E2ADE2AB9D2" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" scope_class="Insecta" scope_order="Mantodea" scope_tribe="Liturgusini">
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<subSubSection id="2D8091182F42EC59A8F470FF3826ADB9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="846C3215D7E9F525076C1571F844DEC5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="520B806897AFB95893DB2FFC6BFAD9F3" ID-CoL="72KDK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Liturgusa cayennensis" authority="Saussure, 1869" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E21220E05D6BD7399FE637E2E14A41F9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="97B1752E7BD38F8D1F10EDA41944DCA6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="790451C863BCBD746C5BBD69015643A3" genus="Liturgousa" lsidName="Liturgousa cayennensis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgousa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="CD93F25A1621549607F6B801C8878D7D" author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="entomologischen Gesellsehaft" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="49 - 73" title="Essai d'un Systeme des Mantides. Mittheilungen der Schweizer." volume="3" year="1869">Saussure 1869</bibRefCitation>
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: 62;
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<bibRefCitation id="A102BAEF29A767E44863D0C9AEB12EBC" author="Brauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" pagination="45 - 220" title="Bericht ueber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten waehrend des Jahres 1869." volume="36" year="1870">Brauer 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 92;
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<bibRefCitation id="460CF6295B4D9920FF32B53ED8908D48" author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Geenev & Bale" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="5 - 186" title="Memoires pour servir a l'histoire naturelle du Mexique, des Antilles et des Etats-Unis-IV. Synopsis des Mantides americains." volume="1" year="1871 b">Saussure 1871b</bibRefCitation>
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: 101-102;
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<bibRefCitation id="DA3CE55FF718A36500EEDCD486467D66" author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Insecta - Orthoptera - Mantidae" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="123 - 197" title="Biologia Centrali - Americana" volume="1" year="1894">Saussure and Zehntner 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 159-160;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F533F7FFDB1EDD3C5418E303152354A" author="Westwood, JO" journalOrPublisher="Gurney and Jackson, London" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" title="Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineatis." year="1889">Westwood 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: 5, 50;
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<bibRefCitation id="3F677BCF2BF55346944BD6A956FC8439" author="Scudder, SH" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 436" title="Alphabetical Index to North American Orthoptera Described in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." volume="6" year="1901">Scudder 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 159, 407;
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<bibRefCitation id="50AF857C497A8C26F62AB125F4335A41" author="Kirby, WF" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, Nat. Hist., London" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" title="A synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria)" year="1904">Kirby 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 271;
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<bibRefCitation id="AE09B4FE6309E74559B8D94AF7E1ED83" author="Chopard, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="315 - 350" title="Contribution de la faune des Orthopteres de la Guyane francaise." volume="80" year="1911">Chopard 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 323;
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<bibRefCitation id="F9372C53D60B3ED9278007FE30B30A17" author="Chopard, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="161 - 187" title="Etude des Mantides Americains. Collection I. BOLIVAR." volume="85" year="1916">Chopard 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 164;
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<bibRefCitation id="DBC3F30A51EB5683B5E3963E7B52597C" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Society" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 148" title="The Blattidae of Panama." volume="4" year="1919 a">Hebard 1919a</bibRefCitation>
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: 31;
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<bibRefCitation id="DBA76F27346A0F70D373C3493617AEA3" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="109 - 248" title="Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Ecuador." volume="76" year="1924">Hebard 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 131;
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<bibRefCitation id="D89A17D1E5EA1F86DC7E1B223F28A388" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="389 - 400" title="Supplementary notes on Panamanian Dermaptera and Orthoptera." volume="55" year="1929">Hebard 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 399;
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<bibRefCitation id="C7207EE31AAA38AE90D6BA5C02141561" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="13 - 67" title="Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Supplement to Papers One to Five." volume="59" year="1933">Hebard 1933</bibRefCitation>
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: 29;
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<bibRefCitation id="7E400E431DF8CD2C1EC16C4959DE4C67" author="Rehn, JAG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="167 - 271" title="The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I. - Mantidae." volume="87" year="1935">Rehn 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 198;
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<bibRefCitation id="ACF916158C56DE0D1828E06D4C79DC29" author="Beebe, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica: New York Zoological Society" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" pagination="245 - 258" title="An Annotated List of the Mantids (Orthoptera, Mantoidea) of Trinidad, B. W. I." volume="37" year="1952">Beebe et al. 1952</bibRefCitation>
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: 246;
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<bibRefCitation id="4C6208C0219280A946F67454E4BF8979" author="Cerda, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="73 - 87" title="Mantodea de Venezuela. Generos y Lista Preliminar de Especies Parte II: Familia Mantidae (Subfamilias Liturgousinae y Thespinae)." volume="11" year="1996">
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<normalizedToken id="17B6451400B797B3F7288FB8C8EE70E1" originalValue="Cerdá">Cerda</normalizedToken>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 75-76;
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<bibRefCitation id="238601C67FD6083895A44EAEAFD6C2EC" author="Roy, R" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="3 - 24" title="Catalogue du materiel type des mantes conserve au Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve (Insecta: Mantodea)." volume="115" year="2008">Roy and Cuche 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, 21.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31EEF47314A9007F8106C8CBA30D78F0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="15E21F5980E16688C84363646F2A626F" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="C35FA1AA2890CC795002C3B9862DFB0F" author="Hebard, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="327 - 362" title="Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama (Orthoptera)." volume="48" year="1922">Hebard 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 337;
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<bibRefCitation id="20BA4F5DCFE055796DCD7605588AC801" author="Giglio-Tos, E" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" title="Das Tierreich" year="1927">Giglio-Tos 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 293;
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<bibRefCitation id="5E05213069E3B6A710A872458ED0B063" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Beier 1935</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 11;
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<bibRefCitation id="1C16DD707E5BAA2A7BDDA05144CC7639" author="Jantsch, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="123 - 130" title="Lista dos Mantodeos Coletados na Ilha de Maraca." volume="21" year="1991">Jantsch 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 125;
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<bibRefCitation id="B852D6A8CB72815388F5D84C8B1C9CFA" author="Terra, PS" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="13 - 94" title="Revisao Sistematica Dos Generos De Louva-A-Deus Da Regiao Neotropical (Mantodea)." volume="39" year="1995">Terra 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 53;
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<bibRefCitation id="5223DD110865C2D1A5F01C68B4344AAD" author="Jantsch, LJ" journalOrPublisher="PUCRS, Doutorado, Porto Alegre" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" title="Estudos filogene ́ ticos em Manto ́ deos americanos (Insecta: Pterygota: Mantodea)." year="1999">Jantsch 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 47-48;
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<bibRefCitation id="5F23BFE6EE2A01FE04A808FB31DAF0A0" author="Salazar, EJA" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Cientifico Museo de Historia Natural Universidad de Caldas" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="63 - 69" title="Mantidos contenidos en la coleccio ́ n entomologica " FRANCISCO LUIS GALLEGO " Facultad de Agronomi ́ a Universidad Nacional, sede Medellin, Antioqui ́ a (Insec-ta: Mantodea). Part I." volume="4" year="2000">Salazar E. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 67;
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<bibRefCitation id="E2FEFB80EB015C3AB06DB7EB0818C8AE" author="Lombardo, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="89 - 104" title="The Mantids from Ecuador, with Some Biogeographic Considerations." url="10.1665/1082-6467(2001)010[0089:TMFEWS]2.0.CO;2" volume="10" year="2001">Lombardo and Agabiti 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 90, 96;
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<bibRefCitation id="A008714C2600495C7ED1946A1A9B741B" author="Salazar, EJA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="119 - 130" title="Lista de los Mantodea (Insecta) Conocidos para Colombia." volume="3" year="2002">Salazar E. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 124;
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<bibRefCitation id="D57F4694B78FAC3C10AEDC0DD98E4903" author="Ehrmann, R" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier-Verlag GmbH, Muenster" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" title="Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt." year="2002">Ehrmann 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 206;
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<bibRefCitation id="608F471E3BDA504A5858CA3212E41B5F" author="Agudelo, RAA" editor="Fernandez, C" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogota" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" pagination="43 - 60" title="Ma ́ ntidos de Colombia (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)." volumeTitle="Insectos de Colombia" year="2004">Agudelo 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 55, Table 3.1;
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<bibRefCitation id="54FE68982436413A5A0BAAB8ED168E9D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Agudelo 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="62914BE26C7BA9CA1B88510E50593CCC" author="Otte, D" journalOrPublisher="Association of Insect Diversity, Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" title="Mantida Species File" volumeTitle="Catalog of the Mantids of the World" year="2005">Otte and Spearman 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 132;
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<bibRefCitation id="9C24D92399502695F7E6B09C4343405B" author="Agudelo, RAA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" pagination="105 - 158" title="Checklist of the Neotropical mantids (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Mantodea)." volume="8" year="2007">Agudelo et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 116, 141.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="757753B7246CB9FECC999370FFE7ED6A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
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<taxonomicName id="0CAF82F1BBCECE2CB4AFAC50C664C7B9" genus="Liturgousa" lsidName="Liturgousa cayennesis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cayennesis">Liturgousa cayennesis</taxonomicName>
|
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:
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1488CCAFF8E4F21F473A8119B1EB021C" author="Bruner, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" pagination="135 - 168" title="Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West-Indies." volume="14" year="1906">Bruner 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 143.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F43F5EC174A83ED38DF6EA6C15321492" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type">
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<paragraph id="F22FC42A5DB4917A291B25BA236135E2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E20832CF54507CD556EB69EEA73C5D8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Holotype Female.
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<normalizedToken id="86A197A516B3551547D4D6995A513CFD" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="1FF7DBC2C09EB0A8FBDF33EA9E4FD994" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F04CA13098336B69C9779489E409F50E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="5214297E38E279499EFB61C8A1AD374C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="057413CA6F22324DBD9EA8DB59944D7E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cayenne. (French Guiana)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="601B27948302A1D97BBD5D1B58C7F439" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F45B95E179CC7866A7E1BBF9FCC83DA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken id="593F5EB25AD290EB8214EA2C2EBA0F30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="91A8F604DEFE107223306E9AC5C3CDC9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="555E9F5E83985E47A2B0E0131F36DEBF" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
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Saussure, 1869.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="632182E711D0D060547D2ABEE7F4B12E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<table id="25F2823C721A76874A9B0583FB519F2C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<tr id="D5DFB5E7BF07AC8F523D7FE4FF2B7931" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
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<th id="6F196478FC3A572CB4D2FC687E20AB6D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
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<th id="D63741C816659009396CD76C849F6DB2" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Type</th>
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<th id="F831BBF0BCF7EA3E7BC82EA46FB8BE41" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Country</th>
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<th id="580C3DF523F888E23074103B52E4A67B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Label</th>
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<th id="412778F1744163AF9D4AD5C49816A3F0" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Latitude Longitude</th>
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<th id="53308008FCAB37BC6E2258750B42ABF9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Code</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="3CD014394931513F5AB8FBC7165696EF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<td id="BA09BCF984FF9B7052CACB5932B1FFF2" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">6.242050, -59.306552</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5A559FFA546F7B85D856C95F588D9D3F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4174DEC68A93AAC2250BF7BCAF23D7CD" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">6.405831, -58.625444</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BCE54ECADA261930CB81F9C572A02F6E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="C6B5102264FE1C2968E2665CC3C53E06" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">-12.456161, -52.054393</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D41FF67128BEDB738DF35F3E4DAC9824" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="7BB3E04E01F90BB716467E5BC2AD4523" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">2.543686, -57.583411</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="139178F4187A34B2F612CBDDD21CC846" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8255BE52AB784E7B59C89A993F1B1ABF" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">4.549389, -52.213806</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="46DCD85DB42CB0E4AE22F207F656C9F9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="5A8F3FF30BF575E2E52AC8ECCF3B090B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">3.628333, -53.211111</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8071792D11C433F364941621A3AD641E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B7F7AC69FFA01E1586050F90E13AADC4" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C9DF9289F1A90D0EDC5D707BE8B3BD3E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="A5EC89C489533642C97ED7C9DAAEF59E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">4.914356, -52.301354</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FCBC0B10FBF00DEA24705E6A2FD60CF1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="215D2C04826531DDB41A5CBEF951AB20" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">-2.599556, -60.210631</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6B184177B26614FC7D3DC1977157AAB1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8F1B84E6DC4B51D5D49C3D83AC17A7FC" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">4.914356, -52.301354</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3E8A7FC36E61B9A5B34F2C8497960924" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B5BEB3698B0F74BC38FC91565B8FF7D1" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">3.291071, -53.835810</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B4D2184D017A0953F5F9BB428CA76CDD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="222311FF6F9C1CE30C731D16D89D7B65" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.163511, -52.656581</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A10A6B68D00984977118B75EA84B6D8C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="1D7CC279D8DB9B6DE59388E8E888DB55" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D87254C67C7ECB2830E665FF753090A7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="9BF6F6A472AA8F500B82B513A557D93A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="71C7BF8C7A8BA5E516EB9F39048D8C81" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="CAEA749AB99E274D39368D11A98C4E3A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.069416, -53.047566</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FE36601C21265DC5E6F20D97470C02DD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="25B315C84A9FD5E2A5D7F7D13E286616" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.370512, -52.960320</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="22E0D29212588EB8B32334D2220CC1EB" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="38063FA8A55C6625592AC42C020BE5A9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="39F19CF70FE7E5822E239EC73839DAC3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="74E7952B3887A0991310B096C1A28BD7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E24BD42493CD7786AA52CD939C6F1C4F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="C9365FE1CEEEEEFA4D21ECFA75F0DBF7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">4.046724, -52.698087</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A4C9625EC38EA388CD15D1F1E5FCC1A4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D0C46FC7B46AADF51D53B5CCA1E1E0AA" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.272097, -59.397117</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16102EA19552AA613D3EA4C15D3062DD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D50970D529991BDD00B8E75584FEB62F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">5.487038, -54.008462</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1BF7A3A23DE26EA7D37AA2C9373F775A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="FC64F53BFD731349D550A82ADA68EB1F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">-2.653184, -56.732240</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3D8555873E740A4913E2C9A9187EF880" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="taxonomic history">
|
||
<paragraph id="50F5B35163B100B589F189DD1B3206A7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0F9C049246AE4FBF9B9913F7249D26E0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">Taxonomic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2482C54CA9422921F794950153ECF3E2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The oldest species described within the genus is also the type species for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8607B63E5F07C2064B3FBEE27B03C332" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liturgusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, designated by Kirby in 1904. Although the species was included in numerous taxonomic works, the species was likely confused with numerous others since some of these works focus on regions where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D084F87F97229D6819EC5045B6A69662" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not range. Therefore, it is impossible to tell what species they had misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B79480E6740857754D699ACE9F161BE9" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A311805156345F1034B944A4161BCC86" author="Rehn, JAG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="167 - 271" title="The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I. - Mantidae." volume="87" year="1935">Rehn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that first started to notice that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCCF9DB67ECB4A5FE603C252F78E723C" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more geographically restricted and that many previous records for the species in Central America were not correct. He noticed that it was being confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73FF1F0DEF41B37538B745F8314BA5E7" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa maya" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">Liturgusa maya</taxonomicName>
|
||
most often. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB4D5E0CAAE4CA09CCDD20D2079F1059" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liturgusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, identification has always been a problem and most previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06AF25B8BF620744D4A7D4138B287C16" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be viewed carefully and probably not included within distributional studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDEED5CBB948B0A3952D4E17852504A1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="18D868EA696816F0D35D10DD5F3FF055" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A32BAB7203DBE47A2223EEACBC801E3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
A short and stocky species with shortened, rounded forewings, a short and broad pronotum, and a broad abdomen. The forewings are usually asymmetrical in coloration, the darker being rust colored. Most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E51AAABC444DC3546C3CB6933644E4F" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa lichenalis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichenalis">Liturgusa lichenalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but lacking the prominent posterolateral tergal projections. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8278F8D16840D8ED28694AAF2D2FE496" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa guyana" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">Liturgusa guyana</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9D9F94A4679C089FFE9200F8657D3D4" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa neblina" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neblina">Liturgusa neblina</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar, but both have a more pronounced constriction in the metazone of the pronotum. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65537BAF45EED168BCB605FE9E235D11" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa lichenalis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichenalis">Liturgusa lichenalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the western Amazon basin while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82E4833B6E7B949AD40E2D8D1B745D92" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in central and eastern regions of the Amazon basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59CBACD7F0F12D62EF53723C40BA3EC7" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="68635FEDA823CCCB2EA65F186359F8CE" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58AB271837E9765374A502364B84F482" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Male. (Fig. 3A) N=9: Body length 19.22-22.58 (20.93); forewing length 12.49-14.98 (13.61); hindwing length 10.26-11.37 (10.63); pronotum length 5.31-6.01 (5.60); prozone length 1.68-2.00 (1.79); pronotum width 2.38-2.70 (2.53); pronotum narrow width 1.77-1.98 (1.85); head width 4.84-5.39 (5.03); head vertex to clypeus 1.83-2.07 (1.96); frons width 1.67-1.87 (1.79); frons height 0.64-0.82 (0.72); prothoracic femur length 5.52-6.57 (6.00); mesothoracic femur length
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="808DCDA52F1382A8706ACB7C8191DA23" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">7.14</pageBreakToken>
|
||
-8.20 (7.43); mesothoracic tibia length 5.34-6.38 (5.70); mesothoracic tarsus length 4.33-5.71 (5.13); metathoracic femur length 6.75-8.36 (7.43); metathoracic tibia length 6.05-8.51 (7.49); metathoracic tarsus length 6.24-8.17 (7.10); pronotal elongation measure 0.30-0.34 (0.32); pronotal shape measure 0.44-0.46 (0.45); head shape measure 0.37-0.40 (0.39); frons shape measure 0.37-0.44 (0.40); anteroventral femoral spine count 12-16 (16); anteroventral tibial spine count 10; posteroventral tibial spine count 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="32CB1EE5D1558D7A5AB8F3BECDB49997" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="75AC64596E21BB629B5D29336F3E3934" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F458FFAE697D84DBCBC97E3DD0463828" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saussure, 1869, dorsal habitus: A male from French Guiana (MNHN 034) B female from Guyana (ANSP 049).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3FE6BD8C5BC3734DCBD8D781BAC5916E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head (Fig. 40A): Transverse, the juxta-ocular protuberances small, but pronounced, the apex in the lateral half; the vertex is straight, even with the dorsal margin of the eyes. Frontal suture with a medial carina forming a continuous arc, most pronounced medially, the region just ventral depressed. Ocelli small and protruding on small cuticular mounds, but the region between all three slightly raised; the lateral ocelli oriented outward. The carina on the frons pronounced, the medial region just ventral to the carina depressed. Clypeus transverse, the upper margin convex, the lower margin slightly concave; the central carina strongly pronounced and straight. Antennae pale at the base, the flagellum fading to dark brown just slightly distal to the base. Black band extending straight over the medial carina of the frontal suture, the medial portion of the carina pale; a branch of the black band extends ventro-laterally between the eye and antennal insertion at a forty five degree angle; a branch of the black band extends dorsal-medially from the lateral region of the main transverse band and terminating near the ventral terminus of the parietal suture. Lower region of frons darkened; the clypeus is pale; the mandibles and labrum mostly pale, but with some brown marks; the vertex and juxta-ocular protuberances pale and brown; the area immediately adjacent to lateral ocelli black. Palpi are pale.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B522BE3CED5F7D35DDD15658542FAC5A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pronotum (Fig. 47A): Short and squat with a moderately defined supra-coxal bulge; dorsal surface entirely smooth. Prozone squat with margins gradually tapering anteriorly to a rounded anterior margin; the lateral margins smooth. Metazone with concave lateral margins, tapering posteriorly until about two thirds distance from supra-coxal bulge then widening gradually to the posterior margin; margins smooth; posterior margin with a slight medial emargination; the dorsal surface of the posterior third of the metazone depressed; two small and elongate bulges present on the dorsal surface near the posterior margin and positioned laterally. Pale with strong black marks across the surface, two prominent black marks laterally just posterior to the supra-coxal sulcus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C0511225378EE55FE967C8E6475C7BC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="55E1600792950900EF0D067EAD83AC8E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Prothoracic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Legs: Femur squat and robust with a near straight dorsal margin; strongly defined pale to dark banding on posterior (external) surface; anterior (internal) surface with a very thin black band running medially from the base to terminus, a black mark dorsal to the band at the midpoint, and a dark mark dorsal to the band near the femoral brush; the ventral surface pale. Posterior surface of femur with few tubercles. A shallow femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned medial to and exactly between the first two proximal posteroventral spines, but slightly distal to the most distal discoidal spine; pit is pigmented darkly. Posterior prothoracic femoral genicular spine slightly smaller than posteroventral spines, originating distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Prothoracic tibial posteroventral spines with the first (proximal) smallest and the fourth through sixth of similar length, the second and third are slightly longer. Prothoracic coxae smooth, the anterior surface with a very small, black mark medially in the proximal half as well as a very small black spot medially towards the distal terminus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF43473FEC2FCD7AA3B9B87B5831B543" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Femora with ventral (posterior) carina; dorsal (anterior) carina pronounced. Mesotarsi with first segment as long as the remaining segments combined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA8437961C4094640F899C8EBBA1769D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Wings: Forewings mottled with brown, pale and greenish coloration; the costal region without strongly defined banding, green and brown proximally with some low contrasting bands developing distally; veins are brown with cells being dark brown or light brown; two pale spots are positioned in the proximal quarter of the discoidal region just posterior to the first radial vein; a large pale spot is positioned centrally. Forewings often, but not always asymmetrically colored; one being mottled as described the other is darkened significantly with a black or rust tone, the mottled pattern still visible; extending just beyond or as long as the abdomen. Hindwings opaque brown, the discoidal region more pale proximally; the costal region light brown proximally, darkening distally; the terminus of the discoidal region projecting beyond the distal margin of anal region, the wing appearing slightly elongate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5814FF204BB869497ED96D86041D971F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Abdomen: Broad, widening until the fifth tergite before a gradual posterior narrowing; a smooth, brown and black colored dorsal surface. Tergites without posterolateral tergal projections. Supra-anal plate slightly transverse, a rounded terminus. Subgenital plate irregularly rounded and without styli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="917555D3DCF55232F7AB2C667E5CA212" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Genital Complex (Fig. 51A.1-A.2): The main body of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with rounded terminus, but with a short, laterally positioned distal process (pda) that is rounded and sometimes projecting at an angle towards the medial axis of the L4A that can create a strongly angled transition from the terminal margin of the L4A to the medial margin of the pda; sometimes a depression on the lateral half is present. The apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) short, broad and tapering to a point and heavily sclerotized, often curved; the apical process (paa) short, cylindrical and curved, the terminus a rounded end. The right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1) tapers to a rounded, membranous terminus; the ventral plate (pia) long with a rough surface, but mostly lacking strongly defined grooves though sometimes present; the ventral process (pva) smooth and tapering to a point distally, one edge straight and the other convex, tooth-like in appearance.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABEE0AF57725F158540C1D198C46E318" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="77EAB067F5A22DE30BB9A78588249761" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2216E0B9203DD0BFE1EED9EB1B4A0160" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Female. (Figs 3B, 4A) N=13: Body length 14.64-32.95 (28.65); forewing length 17.01-20.50 (19.21); hindwing length 14.50-16.43 (15.64); pronotum length 7.03-8.11 (7.70); prozone length 2.23-2.63 (2.46); pronotum width 3.32-4.14 (3.63); pronotum narrow width 2.30-3.09 (2.60); head width 6.40-7.13 (6.81); head vertex to clypeus 2.74-3.10 (2.93); frons width 2.46-2.92 (2.73); frons height 0.98-1.14 (1.07); prothoracic femur length 7.46-9.15 (8.29);
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CB2A7D18517E428CEC6B89A1CD322C26" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">mesothoracic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
femur length 8.41-9.91 (9.12); mesothoracic tibia length 5.34-7.81 (7.05); mesothoracic tarsus length 5.10-7.06 (6.46); metathoracic femur length 8.62-9.78 (9.18); metathoracic tibia length 9.45-10.86 (9.97); metathoracic tarsus length 8.37-9.57 (9.13); pronotal elongation measure 0.31-0.33 (0.32); pronotal shape measure 0.45-0.52 (0.47); head shape measure 0.42-0.44 (0.43); frons shape measure 0.36-0.43 (0.39); anteroventral femoral spine count 15-16 (16); anteroventral tibial spine count 10; posteroventral tibial spine count 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EB68800F6FDED792A8AF4F19D0096B48" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6D7421CDEED56DC146BDA434FB3E45B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7214D194D6EA958FE1B5C3EC844AF02" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saussure, 1869, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="903B1B78856CDE1502E6036028EC5894" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa lichenalis" order="Mantodea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichenalis">Liturgusa lichenalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gerstaecker, 1889, dorsal habitus of types and labels.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24AA6056A33FF08CEEA2C68FC852D853" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa cayennensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayennensis">Liturgusa cayennensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A holotype female (MHNG) B labels.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE91B55A5880FE067314FCF26F6D4138" class="Insecta" family="Liturgusidae" genus="Liturgusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liturgusa lichenalis" order="Mantodea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichenalis">Liturgusa lichenalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: C holotype female (EMAU) D labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2261CB771FFDD7106B657EF2FFC4BE51" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Head (Fig. 40B): As long as wide, the juxta-ocular protuberances very large, the apex in the middle; the vertex is straight, well above the dorsal margin of the eyes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="704D7B6F87971A0420C34D937A32A6BA" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pronotum (Fig. 47B): Dorsal surface entirely smooth except from a rough texture in the posterior quarter, no defined tubercles. Metazone with very few, small tubercles centrally located.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7964533DF51743AA4540FD1C6B0FB61E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Prothoracic Legs: A shallow femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned medial to and exactly between the first two proximal posteroventral spines, and in line with the most distal discoidal spine. Prothoracic tibial posteroventral spines with the first (proximal) smallest and the fourth through sixth of similar length, the second and third are slightly longer (the second much longer than the third). Posterior prothoracic femoral genicular spine much smaller than posteroventral spines, originating distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED697D418AF962E699DE601800D5B6D7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Femora with expanded ventral (posterior) carina, almost a lamellar expansion; dorsal (anterior) carina very pronounced.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="465A1E5112285C8074D12FA852382A9D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Wings: Forewings with a widened costal region. Forewings extending to the tip of the abdomen or shorter (depends largely on preservation of specimen). Hindwings pale along the anterior margin and the distal terminus of the discoidal region; the discoidal region broadened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6AC87900DB0EBFD9CF9AE2A98B1BECB" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Abdomen: Broad, widening from first segment until the beginning of the distal half (segment 5) when the lateral margins narrow gradually to the terminus, the middle being the broadest region. Tergites without posterolateral tergal projections. Supra-anal plate slightly transverse, and evenly rounded lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |