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<document id="AB175376C184157CCE8B2FB6D2ABA863" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3994.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6417b80-4c8d-4605-82c1-bd1d93ef417d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238291" ID-ZooBank="6B5BCA21-64BA-4D9B-B8A4-00EE2B7CEE0A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461274909583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonnet, Nadia Yk &amp; Lotufo, Tito Mc" docDate="2015" docId="0A51BF505910C635FF2208C00CCEF9E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03994p291.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3994 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascidia paulayi Bonnet &amp; Lotufo, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1C2C805B-0513-4E06-AFEB-F25402438EF7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="F668C7285911C630FFB509190F60FFFA" masterDocTitle="Description of Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. (Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae) from French Polynesia, with a discussion about the Ascidia sydneiensis Stimpson, 1855 group" masterLastPageNumber="291" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="284" updateTime="1698612447568" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A8850FBE61D65F89C754E69E56EB20C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="242B4E8CF29C23A1DFA81096CBF38764">
<mods:title id="03C91CD9E4EE63800D5CD9D45E69A43C">Description of Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. (Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae) from French Polynesia, with a discussion about the Ascidia sydneiensis Stimpson, 1855 group</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="68E05857A876EFC18208DF1CC9CB382B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="24FA6710F40CF32B5462EE5B9D321F81">
<mods:roleTerm id="2A69064A9CECFF971C531DB3C91D7805">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FBB7D89E83AD4C2C3C793CFCF7148340">Bonnet, Nadia Yk</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7729B5570B7658DA63346404AD448615" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DEFD1D8BE533F7474470A604A9623707">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA50A581B5B8CDA9ACD3C1122F8464A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7DD993544316C42ED600F69542B35E20">Lotufo, Tito Mc</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A6DB6DE1629B71F8530317F6DE5A4FC5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9603B97FD62E8ACD0336391550F93624" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2310AA01A50B82FB391D6843C9984208">
<mods:title id="D579240741131B1AAA0D41C002F18855">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="097301A2F734499DCA9C3309B85DA0C1">
<mods:date id="8C0730BCBE8E046EF33AC86339DD66C3">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3421EBE87768C0F7075E6D8205DE684F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="11C00075101D1D5D6131A034C896AE24">3994</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="07AFCEE5D38609CB72A6B260820271CA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="077775355990F512E45BDED7DCF70586">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D61C362C56B39733A97D037FD09654AF">283</mods:start>
<mods:end id="15364DF917832732278EA7B213BB5929">291</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="121CFA9E98144B44975B6F37DDD0EA53">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9A87DE49BFFEB328395685922FB4C14F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3994.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7AB9CB0B3D63896B087BF4E7632CB05" type="GBIF-Dataset">c6417b80-4c8d-4605-82c1-bd1d93ef417d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8141A5943286116BEAD671C9B319CC06" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F506B513979C17ABCE6ADAE53729E1EC" type="Zenodo-Dep">238291</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5FB9B583229BE0D50DA29C58527680E8" type="ZooBank">6B5BCA21-64BA-4D9B-B8A4-00EE2B7CEE0A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0A51BF505910C635FF2208C00CCEF9E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6120689" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119639156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6120689" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1C2C805B-0513-4E06-AFEB-F25402438EF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A51BF505910C635FF2208C00CCEF9E6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<subSubSection id="CAE25DCD5910C631FF2208C00CC6FDA0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF2208C00ED6FE09" blockId="1.[151,438,473,533]" box="[151,438,473,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="D90FB92A5910C631FF2208C00ED6FE09" bold="true" box="[151,438,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF2208C00ED6FE09" bold="true" box="[151,438,473,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55910C631FF2208C00E31FE09" box="[151,337,473,499]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF2208C00E31FE09" bold="true" box="[151,337,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5910C631FEEC08C00ED6FE09" box="[345,438,473,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF2208E50E72FDEE" blockId="1.[151,438,473,533]" box="[151,274,508,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
(
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FF2A08E50E68FDEE" box="[159,264,508,533]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1341,203,1881]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[219,1357,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. A. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). B. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). C. Dorsal tubercle and anterior part of the dorsal lamina (FLMNH UF 802). OT = oral tentacles; DT = dorsal tubercle; NG = neural ganglion; DL = dorsal lamina. Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm; C = 1.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/238293/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF220B5D0CC6FDA0" blockId="1.[151,934,580,602]" box="[151,934,580,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55910C631FF220B5D0E3DFDA0" box="[151,349,580,602]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF220B5D0E3DFDA0" box="[151,349,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Ascidia sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part):
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75910C631FE1D0B5D0DD9FDA0" author="Monniot" box="[424,697,580,602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, morphotype 2, fig. 38.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAE25DCD5910C631FF220B9F0CEBFC45" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF220B9F0D0BFD1D" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF220B9F0EE3FD65" bold="true" box="[151,387,646,671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5D43B0E45910C631FE390B9F0E99FD65" box="[396,505,646,671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="E4E996835910C631FDB30B9E0D08FD64" box="[518,616,647,670]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">FLMNH</collectionCode>
UF 788-1 ind.; west of Opunohu Bay, Moorea Island, Society Islands,
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65910C631FF220BB30E3BFD39" box="[151,347,682,707]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
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;
<geoCoordinate id="E7CC68815910C631FE580BB20DE6FD39" box="[493,646,683,707]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="5" value="-149.8772">149.8772º W</geoCoordinate>
);
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FD290BB30D85FD38" box="[668,741,682,707]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 m</quantity>
depth; fringing reef wall, under rocks and overhangs;
<date id="F64628865910C631FAEE0BB30FB3FD1D" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" value="2009-11-10">10/xi/ 2009</date>
; col.: S. McPherson, T.M.C. Lotufo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720BEA0EAFFCA9" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="5D43B0E45910C631FF720BEA0E59FCF1" box="[199,313,755,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="E4E996835910C631FEF10BEA0EC6FCF0" box="[324,422,755,778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">FLMNH</collectionCode>
UF 787-1 ind.; west of Opunohu Bay, Moorea Island, Society Islands,
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65910C631FB6C0BEB0AFCFCF1" box="[1241,1436,754,779]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E7CC68815910C631FF2B0A0E0E74FCD5" box="[158,276,791,815]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="55" value="-17.487">17.487º S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="E7CC68815910C631FE930A0E0EA3FCD5" box="[294,451,791,815]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="5" value="-149.8772">149.8772º W</geoCoordinate>
);
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FE690A0F0D48FCD4" box="[476,552,790,815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 m</quantity>
depth; fringing reef wall, under rocks and overhangs;
<date id="F64628865910C631FB0F0A0F0A58FCD5" box="[1210,1336,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" value="2009-11-10">10/xi/2009</date>
; col.: S. McPherson, T.M.C. Lotufo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720A460CEBFC45" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<collectionCode id="E4E996835910C631FF720A460E49FC8C" box="[199,297,863,886]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">FLMNH</collectionCode>
UF 802-1 ind.; southeast of Moorea Island (near Maatea), Society Islands,
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65910C631FB660A470AFCFC8D" box="[1235,1436,862,887]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E7CC68815910C631FF2B0A9B0E7DFC61" box="[158,285,898,923]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="5" value="-17.5749">17.5749º S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="E7CC68815910C631FE9C0A9A0EA0FC61" box="[297,448,899,923]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" precision="5" value="-149.7974">149.7974º W</geoCoordinate>
);
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FE660A9A0D7AFC60" box="[467,538,899,923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 m</quantity>
depth; sand flat with small rocks on sand, and fringing reef, under and on rocks;
<date id="F64628865910C631FF220ABF0E72FC45" box="[151,274,934,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" value="2009-11-11">11/xi/2009</date>
; col.: S. McPherson, T.M.C. Lotufo, N. Gravier-Bonnet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAE25DCD5910C632FF720AD30DFDFD7F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720AD30E91FBD0" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720AD30E5FFC19" box="[199,319,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Etymology</emphasis>
: the species is named after Dr. Gustav Paulay, leader of the team of marine inverebrates of the Moorea Biocode project. Dr. Paulay has coordinated many efforts to study marine invertebrates biodiversity throughout the world’s oceans.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720D2E0EF7FB6D" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720D2E0E03FBB5" box="[199,355,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Living animal</emphasis>
: individuals up to
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FD870D2E0D1EFBB4" box="[562,638,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="cm" value="4.9">4.9 cm</quantity>
in total length, purplish-grey, attached to the substrate by the whole left side of the body. Sand, mud, little calcareous fragments and filamentous algae may be present attached to the free surface (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FF420D670E20FB6D" box="[247,320,1150,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–1B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720DBD0B45FB25" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720DBD0E65FB41" box="[199,261,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Tunic</emphasis>
: thin, but firm,
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FE700DBA0D30FB40" box="[453,592,1187,1211]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
thick. Translucent and wrinkled after fixation. There are short but thick conical projections, especially on the posterior region of the body (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FC310DDF0CADFB25" box="[900,973,1222,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–1B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720DF30C62FA69" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720DF30ED1FAF9" box="[199,433,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Animal without tunic</emphasis>
: body oblong or elongated,
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FD5F0DF30CECFAF8" box="[746,908,1258,1283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="4.029999999999999" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="28.9" valueMax="40.3" valueMin="17.5">17.5–40.3 mm</quantity>
long (from the ring of tentacles to the posterior end) and 11.5–13.0 mm wide. Body wall uncolored. Oral siphon apical, 3.0–
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FC580C170B22FADC" box="[1005,1090,1294,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
long, and 6–8 fringed lobes on the margin. Atrial siphon displaced posteriorly on the dorsal line,
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FC2F0C2B0B53FAB0" box="[922,1075,1330,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="0.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="10.7" valueMax="16.9" valueMin="4.5">4.5–16.9 mm</quantity>
from the ring of oral tentacles (approximately ⅓ of the body length); atrial siphon
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FD5D0C4E0C11FA94" box="[744,881,1367,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="2.3">2.3–8.2 mm</quantity>
long and six fringed lobes on the margin. Ocelli reddish or brownish between the lobes of both siphons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720C870DA3F9BD" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720C870E33FA4D" box="[199,339,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Musculature</emphasis>
: bands of parallel fibers along dorsal and ventral margins on the right side of the body are present (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FF2A0CDB0F89FA21" box="[159,233,1474,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C–2A); muscle fibers
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FE5E0CDA0D13FA20" box="[491,627,1475,1499]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
thick. On the posterior margin there are few and thinner fibers, almost inconspicuous. On the left side of the body there are short fibers along the dorsal margin (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FB400CFF0A25FA05" box="[1269,1349,1510,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D–2B). Longitudinal muscles of the siphons forming bands; these fibers extend for a short distance on both sides of the body. Circular muscle bands of the siphons weak.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C631FF720F4A0C76F8B9" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720F4A0E19F991" box="[199,377,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Anterior region</emphasis>
: oral siphon internal wall usually smooth (only FLMNH UF 787 presents few and sparse papillae). There are 62–92 oral tentacles, with 3–4 different size orders, largest ones with
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FB2A0F6E0A48F974" box="[1183,1320,1655,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8499999999999999" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="1.8499999999999999" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.3 mm</quantity>
in length. Oral tentacles in a thick muscular ring. Prepharyngeal groove double, without projections. Area between the ring of oral tentacles and prepharyngeal groove smooth,
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FD670FA60C3CF92C" box="[722,860,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
wide on its whole length. Peritubercular area V– shaped, not extending much farther than the tubercle itself. Aperture of the dorsal tubercle usually convoluted, but in FLMNH UF 802 it is divided into slits (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35910C631FDCA0E1F0DA4F8E5" box="[639,708,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[232,1341,203,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[219,1357,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. A. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). B. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). C. Dorsal tubercle and anterior part of the dorsal lamina (FLMNH UF 802). OT = oral tentacles; DT = dorsal tubercle; NG = neural ganglion; DL = dorsal lamina. Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm; C = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238293/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C); dorsal tubercle
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FC2A0E1F0B47F8E4" box="[927,1063,1798,1823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.4 mm</quantity>
anterior-posterior length. Neural ganglion close to the dorsal tubercle (2.6–3.0 mm away).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465910C632FF720E570EEBFEBA" blockId="1.[151,1437,646,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545910C631FF720E570E46F89D" box="[199,294,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="284">Pharynx</emphasis>
: pharynx wall not pleated. There are 56–61 longitudinal vessels on the right side, 48–60 on the left, 99–146 transverse vessels, and 4–6 stigmata per mesh. Primary papillae simple (straight or curved), but may be bilobed in some parts of the pharynx; papillae with
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FC990E8F0CB7F854" box="[812,983,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.15 mm</quantity>
in length. Intermediary papillae and parastigmatic vessels are absent. Dorsal lamina doubled anteriorly, on the first
<quantity id="4500A3A35910C631FB9C0EA20BD3F828" box="[1065,1203,1979,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="1.2">1.2–3.8 mm</quantity>
after the end of the peritubercular area, converging to a single blade with smooth margin (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35913C632FC01098E0C97FF4A" box="[948,1015,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[232,1341,203,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[219,1357,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. A. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). B. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). C. Dorsal tubercle and anterior part of the dorsal lamina (FLMNH UF 802). OT = oral tentacles; DT = dorsal tubercle; NG = neural ganglion; DL = dorsal lamina. Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm; C = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238293/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) (FLMNH UF 802 slightly toothed posteriorly due the end of transverse vessels of the pharynx); papillae on the right side of the lamina near to the esophageal aperture are absent. Dorsal lamina passes along the left side of the esophageal aperture and extends to the end of the pharynx. There is a narrow toothed lamina on the right side of the esophageal aperture. Endostyle with smooth margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465913C632FF7208540B45FE0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545913C632FF7208540E0CFE9E" box="[199,364,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Digestive tract</emphasis>
: digestive tube large, situated between the posterior end of the body and the atrial siphon, on the left side of the body (
<figureCitation id="1AC312C35913C632FE2708760EBDFE72" box="[402,477,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[191,1395,682,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ascidia paulayi sp. nov. Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D–2B). Stomach elongated with 5–7 internal longitudinal folds. Intestine with both loops (primary and secondary); presence of a sac-like dilation in the descending region; second loop of intestine and rectum also dilated, but not as a sac. Rectum long, in vertical position. Anus with multilobed margin opening anteriorly to the gut loops, close to the atrial siphon. Renal vesicles not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465913C632FF7208E60DFDFD7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545913C632FF7208E60E7EFDE2" box="[199,286,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Gonads</emphasis>
: ovary ramified, with a central axis inside the primary intestinal loop and branches on the descending region of the intestine and secondary loop. Ovary only conspicuous after removing the pharynx. Oocytes up to
<quantity id="4500A3A35913C632FADE0B3D0FA3FDA5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Testis not observed. Unfortunately, all samples have some degree of damage in the digestive tube, hindering more accurate details of the gonads.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D6875ECE5913C632FF220E740FDDF83B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238292/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" targetBox="[214,1372,705,1864]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="82470E465913C632FF220E740FDDF83B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1901,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545913C632FF220E740E74F879" bold="true" box="[151,276,1901,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55913C632FEA90E740EDCF879" box="[284,444,1901,1923]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545913C632FEA90E740EDCF879" box="[284,444,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5913C632FE710E740D75F879" box="[452,533,1901,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545913C632FE710E740D75F879" bold="true" box="[452,533,1901,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="285">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Animal in field. A. FLMNH UF 788, holotype. B. FLMNH UF 787, paratype. Animal without tunic. C. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). D. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). Scale bar: C, D = 1.0 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D6875ECE5912C633FF220E940CFDF81B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238293/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" targetBox="[232,1341,203,1881]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="82470E465912C633FF220E940CFDF81B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1933,2017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545912C633FF220E940E72F859" bold="true" box="[151,274,1933,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55912C633FEAC0E940ED7F859" box="[281,439,1933,1955]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545912C633FEAC0E940ED7F859" box="[281,439,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5912C633FE080E940D6EF859" box="[445,526,1933,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545912C633FE080E940D6EF859" bold="true" box="[445,526,1933,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Right side of the body (FLMNH UF 802). B. Left side of the body (FLMNH UF 788). C. Dorsal tubercle and anterior part of the dorsal lamina (FLMNH UF 802). OT = oral tentacles; DT = dorsal tubercle; NG = neural ganglion; DL = dorsal lamina. Scale bar: A, B = 0.5 cm; C = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CAE25DCD5915C634FF72098E0B70FF4A" box="[199,1040,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF72098E0B70FF4A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,1040,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF72098E0E00FF4A" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FED2098E0D49FF4A" box="[359,553,151,176]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FD82098E0B64FF4A" author="Monniot" box="[567,1028,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot 1987, present study</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAE25DCD5915C635FF7209A50CCEF9E6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF7209A50CE8FCEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF7209A50E5BFF2F" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEFD09A50E9DFF2F" box="[328,509,188,213]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEFD09A50E9DFF2F" box="[328,509,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5915C634FDBF09A50D0AFF2F" box="[522,618,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FDBF09A50D0AFF2F" bold="true" box="[522,618,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FCC509A50A74FF2F" authority="Stimpson, 1855" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1855" box="[880,1300,188,213]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FCC509A50B30FF2F" box="[880,1104,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia sydneiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FBEB09A50A74FF2F" author="Stimpson" box="[1118,1300,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Stimpson, W. (1855) Description of some new Invertebrata. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 385 - 395." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson, 1855</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of finger-like projections in the tunic, the general pattern of body muscles, longitudinal muscle fibers on siphons forming bands, fringed lobes, aperture of the dorsal tubercle convoluted, intestine with a sac-like pouch in the descending region, multilobed anus and ovary ramified (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FCEF08310CB4FEBA" author="Kott" box="[858,980,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FC5108310B9BFEBA" author="Bonnet" box="[996,1275,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2011 a) The Family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Bonnet &amp; Rocha 2011a</bibRefCitation>
). However
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FA3108310E77FE9F" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FA3108310E77FE9F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a strongly pleated pharynx, with 6–12 stigmata per mesh, dilation also in the second loop of the intestine, short and narrow rectum, and anus opening posteriorly to the first loop of the intestine (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FAAB08690AF7FE72" author="Kott" box="[1310,1431,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FF22088C0EC1FE56" author="Bonnet" box="[151,417,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2011 a) The Family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Bonnet &amp; Rocha 2011a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FE06088D0D88FE56" author="Monniot" box="[435,744,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot (1987)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two morphotypes in the samples of
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FB48088D0AFBFE57" box="[1277,1435,404,429]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FB48088D0AFBFE57" box="[1277,1435,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FEAA08AE0E85FE2A" box="[287,485,439,464]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
: 1) similar to those described to
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FCE508AE0CD7FE2A" box="[848,951,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FC7008A10B59FE2A" author="Kott" box="[965,1081,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FBC208A10BB0FE35" box="[1143,1232,440,463]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FB6B08A10FBEFE0E" author="Bonnet" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2011 a) The Family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Bonnet &amp; Rocha 2011a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FF5F08C40EDEFE0E" author="Bonnet" box="[234,446,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K., Rocha, R. M. &amp; Carman, M. R. (2013) Ascidiidae Herdman, 1882 (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the Pacific coast of Panama. Zootaxa, 3691 (3), 351 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.3.4" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bonnet
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEF708C40E14FE0F" box="[322,372,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), and restricted to port zones; 2) similar to the specimens here dissected and found only in natural substrates. Despite
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FE5608E60C7AFDE2" author="Monniot" box="[483,794,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot (1987)</bibRefCitation>
decision of keeping both morphotypes as
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FB430B190AF4FDE2" box="[1270,1428,511,536]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FB430B190AF4FDE2" box="[1270,1428,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we think there are characters enough to separate them into two different species. In the study of the ascidians from the western Pacific,
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEC90B510D7CFD9A" box="[380,540,583,608]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEC90B510D7CFD9A" box="[380,540,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported to
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FD6D0B5E0C79FD9A" box="[728,793,583,608]" name="Palau" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Palau</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FC900B510C9FFD9A" box="[805,1023,583,608]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FB830B510B1EFD9A" box="[1078,1150,584,608]" name="Tonga" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Tonga</collectingCountry>
, with a high intraspecific variability attributed to the different habitats (Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001). Unfortunately there are not descriptions available in the 2001 article, but the plate of the species shows the left side of one individual with the aspect of the digestive tube as the morphotype 1 (p. 308, Fig. 82A), while the figure detailing the gut loop shows the multilobed anus aperture anterior to the top of the intestine (p. 308, Fig. 82D) (Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001). A reexamination of these specimens should be necessary to confirm the identifications.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF720A060B49FBEA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
Three other species of
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FE7B0A060D42FCC2" box="[462,546,799,824]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FE7B0A060D42FCC2" box="[462,546,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have short muscle fibers perpendicular to the margins of the right side of the body, six lobes on the atrial siphon, fringed lobes on both siphons and dilated intestine:
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FBC70A5D0AF8FCA7" authority="Tokioka, 1967" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1967" box="[1138,1432,836,861]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FBC70A5D0B8CFCA6" box="[1138,1260,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. pacifica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FB460A5D0AF8FCA7" author="Tokioka" box="[1267,1432,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) On a small collection of ascidians from the vicinity of Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (5), 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FF220A710ED8FC7A" authority="Kott, 1985" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,440,871,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parasamea">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220A710E54FC7A" box="[151,308,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. parasamea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FE890A710ED8FC7A" author="Kott" box="[316,440,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FE430A710D9CFC7A" authority="Sluiter, 1898" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1898" box="[502,764,871,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munda">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FE430A710D03FC7A" box="[502,611,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. munda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FDDE0A7E0D9CFC7A" author="Sluiter" box="[619,764,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1898) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. II. Tunicaten von Sud-Afrika. Zoologische Jahrburcher, 11, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="CF7A3BFD5915C634FCBE0A7E0C01FC7A" box="[779,865,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1556,1579]" captionText="TABLE 1. Tabular key for species of the genus Ascidia with a band of short parallel muscles along the margin of the right side of the body." pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Described initially as
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FBC10A710AFCFC7A" box="[1140,1436,871,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sydneiensis" subSpecies="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FBC10A710AFCFC7A" box="[1140,1436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. sydneiensis sydneiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FF0F0A950E09FC5F" author="Tokioka" box="[186,361,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka (1953)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEC00A950E8EFC5E" box="[373,494,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEC00A950E8EFC5E" box="[373,494,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also presents only 4–5 stigmata per mesh (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FC670A950B12FC5F" author="Tokioka" box="[978,1138,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FBCB0A950A7CFC5F" author="Tokioka" box="[1150,1308,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) On a small collection of ascidians from the vicinity of Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (5), 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka 1967</bibRefCitation>
). However, the tunic covered by minute papillae, aperture of the dorsal tubercle in a simple horseshoe shape, isodiametric intestine, and anus with plain margin and situated on the level of the middle of the digestive tube are characters that distinguish
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEAC0AE10EF2FBEA" box="[281,402,1016,1040]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEAC0AE10EF2FBEA" box="[281,402,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FE150AEE0D20FBEA" author="Tokioka" box="[416,576,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FDF90AEE0D89FBEA" author="Tokioka" box="[588,745,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) On a small collection of ascidians from the vicinity of Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (5), 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FD400AEE0B7CFBEA" author="Monniot" box="[757,1052,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF720D050D49FAF7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEF10D050E97FBCF" box="[324,503,1052,1077]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEF10D050E97FBCF" box="[324,503,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5915C634FDB40D050D3EFBCF" box="[513,606,1052,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FDB40D050D3EFBCF" bold="true" box="[513,606,1052,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FDC50D050C70FBCE" box="[624,784,1052,1076]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parasamea">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FDC50D050C70FBCE" box="[624,784,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. parasamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has ramified ovary; the differences are the smooth tunic, up to 12 stigmata per mesh in the pharynx, anus with indented border (not lobed) and opening posteriorly to the first intestinal loop (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FE110D7D0D7BFB87" author="Kott" box="[420,539,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FD9A0D7D0DB7FB87" box="[559,727,1124,1149]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munda">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FD9A0D7D0DB7FB87" box="[559,727,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia munda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also presents longitudinal fibers on siphons arranged in bands, dorsal tubercle with a U-shaped aperture with horns irregularly turned in, and around 80 oral tentacles (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FA940D910AF7FB5A" author="Kott" box="[1313,1431,1159,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FF220DB50E5BFB3E" author="Monniot" box="[151,315,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
); the presence of pleats in the pharynx, up to 10 stigmata per mesh, smooth or indented (not lobes) anal border and anus opening posteriorly to the first intestinal loop (
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FC010DC90B4CFB12" author="Kott" box="[948,1068,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75915C634FB8E0DD60BBFFB12" author="Monniot" box="[1083,1247,1231,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
) differentiate
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FA310DC90F84FAF7" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munda">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FA310DC90F84FAF7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. munda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FEAC0DED0EA8FAF7" box="[281,456,1268,1293]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FEAC0DED0EA8FAF7" box="[281,456,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5915C634FE7A0DED0D49FAF7" box="[463,553,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FE7A0DED0D49FAF7" bold="true" box="[463,553,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF720C0E0A4EFA1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
The peculiar shape of the digestive tube of
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FD0C0C0E0C0AFACA" box="[697,874,1303,1328]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FD0C0C0E0C0AFACA" box="[697,874,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5915C634FCC60C0E0CAEFACA" box="[883,974,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FCC60C0E0CAEFACA" bold="true" box="[883,974,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(descending region of the intestine with sac-like dilation, large rectum and anal aperture anterior to the first intestinal loop) was only described for
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FA310C250D7BFA82" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FA310C250F82FA82" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. ornata</emphasis>
Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001
</taxonomicName>
, a species from
<collectingCountry id="FAEF4ED65915C634FD660C460C35FA82" box="[723,853,1375,1400]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. However
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FC7A0C790B5BFA82" box="[975,1083,1376,1400]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FC7A0C790B5BFA82" box="[975,1083,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">A. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from the present species due to the presence of 20 lobes in the oral siphon, a net of muscle fibers on the right side of the body, papillae in the area between the ciliated groove and the ring of oral tentacles, 6–10 stigmata per mesh in the pharynx, stomach almost vertical, anus with smooth border and lobed ovary (Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6875ECE5915C634FF220F0D0EE0F9B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220F0D0EE0F9B1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1555,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220F0D0E6CF9D1" bold="true" box="[151,268,1556,1579]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Tabular key for species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55915C634FD1D0F0A0D98F9D1" box="[680,760,1555,1579]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FD1D0F0A0D98F9D1" box="[680,760,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ascidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a band of short parallel muscles along the margin of the right side of the body.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220F610D22F956" blockId="4.[151,1173,1656,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220F610D08F974" bold="true" box="[151,616,1656,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">1. Projections on the surface of the tunic:</emphasis>
A. Absent; F. Finger-like; P. Papillae
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220F8F0D22F956" bold="true" box="[151,578,1686,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">2. Number of lobes on the oral siphon</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220FAC0D0DF931" blockId="4.[151,1173,1656,1984]" box="[151,621,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220FAC0EE9F931" bold="true" box="[151,393,1717,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">3. Lobes on siphons:</emphasis>
S. Smooth; F. Fringed
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220FCD0EB2F910" blockId="4.[151,1173,1656,1984]" box="[151,466,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220FCD0EB2F910" bold="true" box="[151,466,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">4. Number of oral tentacles</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220FEB0D69F8BC" blockId="4.[151,1173,1656,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220FEB0D64F8F2" bold="true" box="[151,516,1778,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">5. Aspect of the dorsal tubercle:</emphasis>
U. Horseshoe simple; I. Irregular (convoluted or numerous slits)
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220E080D69F8BC" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">6. Number of longitudinal vessels in each side of the pharynx 7. Number of stigmata per mesh</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465915C634FF220E570D61F83A" blockId="4.[151,1173,1656,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220E570E80F89E" bold="true" box="[151,480,1870,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">8. Dilatation of the intestine:</emphasis>
A. Absent; NS. Not sac-like; S. Sac-like pouch
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220E740E68F879" bold="true" box="[151,264,1901,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">9. Anus:</emphasis>
S. Smooth; I. Indented; B. Bilobed; M. Multilobed
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220E950E3FF858" bold="true" box="[151,351,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">10. Anal position:</emphasis>
A. Anterior to the first intestinal loop; P. Posterior to the first intestinal loop
<emphasis id="B08CD2545915C634FF220EB30E74F83A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1962,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">11. Ovary:</emphasis>
R. Ramified; L. Lobed
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6875ECE5914C635FFC80B8C0AD1FD54" box="[125,1457,661,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FFC80B8C0AD1FD54" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[125,1457,661,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FFC80B8C0F98FD54" bold="true" box="[125,248,661,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Tabular key for species of
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FD9D0B8F0D1CFD54" box="[552,636,662,686]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FD9D0B8F0D1CFD54" box="[552,636,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Ascidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a band of short parallel muscles encircling the right side of the body
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290BDE0828FD27" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1864,711,733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FF290BDE0828FD27" bold="true" box="[156,1864,711,733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
<date id="F64628865914C635FC050BDE0BFCFD27" box="[944,1180,711,733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
11 Species References
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF2C0BEA0868FCF2" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[153,1800,754,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
A 6–8 S, F
<date id="F64628865914C635FE5C0BEA0D0AFCF2" box="[489,618,755,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1980-01">80 I</date>
, U 40–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530BEB0D9FFCF2" box="[742,767,754,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1950-10-05">50</date>
5–10 S, NS S, I P R, L
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0BEB0948FCF2" authority="Sluiter, 1898" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1898" box="[1342,1576,754,776]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munda">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0BEB0AFFFCFD" box="[1342,1439,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. munda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA100BEB0948FCF2" author="Sluiter" box="[1445,1576,754,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1898) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. II. Tunicaten von Sud-Afrika. Zoologische Jahrburcher, 11, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
9, 10, 13
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF2C0A070D7BFCA5" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
A 7 F 20 + 2 or
<date id="F64628865914C635FD940A070D17FCCE" box="[545,631,798,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">3 I</date>
? 12 S I P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0A07095DFCCE" authority="Kott, 1985" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[1342,1597,798,820]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parasamea">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0A070AABFCCE" box="[1342,1483,798,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. parasamea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA640A06095DFCCE" author="Kott" box="[1489,1597,798,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
9 smaller
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF2C0A6F0982FC71" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[153,1762,885,907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
A 8 F 123–340 U
<date id="F64628865914C635FD750A6F0C3FFC71" box="[704,863,885,907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1980-05-29" valueMax="1980-07-29" valueMin="1980-05-29">29–80 5–7</date>
A S, B P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0A6F0940FC70" box="[1342,1568,885,907]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0A6F0A34FC71" box="[1342,1364,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FACF0A6C0940FC70" box="[1402,1568,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">multitentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
8, 14
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290ABB0A11FC18" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
F?? 400 U? 4–5 A? P?
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0AB80A11FC18" authority="Hartmeyer" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1912" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0AB8096EFC4C" box="[1342,1550,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. multitentaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635F9970ABB0A11FC18" author="Hartmeyer" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1912) Die ascidien der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedit, 16, 225 - 392." type="journal article" year="1912">Hartmeyer, 4 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF280AE009DDFBF4" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[157,1725,1016,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
? 10 S 200 U? 2–3 A S P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0AE00966FBF4" authority="Kott, 1985" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[1342,1542,1016,1038]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nerea">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0AE00AF4FBF4" box="[1342,1428,1017,1038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. nerea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA2F0AE00966FBF4" author="Kott" box="[1434,1542,1016,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290D3C09AAFBC0" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1738,1060,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
F? S 100 U? 4–8 S S P L
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0D3D09F2FBC3" authority="Kneer et al., 2013" authorityName="Kneer et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[1342,1682,1060,1082]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0D3D0AB4FBC3" box="[1342,1492,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. subterranea</emphasis>
Kneer
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635F9AA0D3C092CFBC3" box="[1567,1612,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</taxonomicName>
15
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290D480842FB9F" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1826,1104,1126]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
F 6–10 F 35–290 I, U 37–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530D490D9FFB9F" box="[742,767,1104,1125]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1970-12-06">70</date>
6–12 S M P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0D490913FB9C" authority="Stimpson, 1855" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1855" box="[1342,1651,1104,1126]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneiensis">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0D490AADFB9F" box="[1342,1485,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. sydneiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA610D490913FB9C" author="Stimpson" box="[1492,1651,1104,1126]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Stimpson, W. (1855) Description of some new Invertebrata. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 385 - 395." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson, 1855</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
1, 9, 13, 14
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290D65098FFB6B" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1775,1147,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
P 6–8 F 62–120 I, U 48–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530D620D9FFB6B" box="[742,767,1147,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1961-06-04">61</date>
4–6 S M A R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0D650AC6FB6A" box="[1342,1446,1147,1169]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paulayi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0D650AC6FB6A" box="[1342,1446,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. paulayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABBF6F2F5914C635FA190D650A9CFB6B" box="[1452,1532,1148,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" rank="species">
sp.
<date id="F64628865914C635FA650D650A9CFB6B" box="[1488,1532,1148,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1916-11-11">nov.</date>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
11, 16
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290DB109B6FB47" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1750,1191,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
P 10? 48–120 U 32–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530DBE0D9FFB47" box="[742,767,1191,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1950-05-04">50</date>
4–5 A S P?
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0DBE0926FB47" authority="Tokioka, 1967" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1967" box="[1342,1606,1191,1213]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0DBE0ACCFB46" box="[1342,1452,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. pacifica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA070DBE0926FB47" author="Tokioka" box="[1458,1606,1191,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) On a small collection of ascidians from the vicinity of Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (5), 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
6, 7
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290DCD0A11FAEE" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
P 8 S 60–147 U 34–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530DCA0D9FFB13" box="[742,767,1235,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1956-05-03">56</date>
3–5 NS S P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0DCA09F1FB13" authority="Bonnet &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Bonnet &amp; Rocha" box="[1342,1681,1235,1257]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalariforme">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0DCA0ABBFB12" box="[1342,1499,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. scalariforme</emphasis>
Bonnet &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
, 14 2011
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290C3209DDFABA" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1725,1322,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
P?? 60 U?? A B P L
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0C32093DFABA" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[1342,1629,1322,1344]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0C320AB9FAC5" box="[1342,1497,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. canaliculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FA6A0C33093DFABA" author="Heller" box="[1503,1629,1322,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Heller, C. (1878) Beitrage zur nahern Kenntnis der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 77, 83 - 109." type="journal article" year="1878">Heller, 1878</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
* 2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF280C4F0830FA96" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[157,1872,1366,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
? 8 F 173–283 U 32–
<date id="F64628865914C635FD530C4F0D9FFA96" box="[742,767,1366,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" value="1951-09-06">51</date>
6–9 S S P R
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0C4F0A99FA91" box="[1342,1529,1366,1388]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0C4F0A34FA91" box="[1342,1364,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FACF0C4F0A99FA91" box="[1402,1529,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">canaliculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
5, 12, pers. obs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF290C9A09DDFA6D" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[156,1725,1409,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
F 8? 60 U? 3 S? P?
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FA8B0C9B0A99FA6D" box="[1342,1529,1409,1431]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FA8B0C9B0A34FA6D" box="[1342,1364,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FACF0C9B0A99FA6D" box="[1402,1529,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">canaliculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FFC80CB7080BFA3E" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[125,1899,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
References: 1.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FEA00CB70ED2FA3E" author="Stimpson" box="[277,434,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Stimpson, W. (1855) Description of some new Invertebrata. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 385 - 395." type="journal article" year="1855">Stimpson 1855</bibRefCitation>
; 2.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FE6D0CB70D35FA3E" author="Heller" box="[472,597,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Heller, C. (1878) Beitrage zur nahern Kenntnis der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 77, 83 - 109." type="journal article" year="1878">Heller 1878</bibRefCitation>
; 3.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FDCF0CB70D9BFA3E" author="Sluiter" box="[634,763,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1898) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. II. Tunicaten von Sud-Afrika. Zoologische Jahrburcher, 11, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter 1898</bibRefCitation>
; 4.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FC950CB60CA9FA3E" author="Hartmeyer" box="[800,969,1455,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1912) Die ascidien der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedit, 16, 225 - 392." type="journal article" year="1912">Hartmeyer 1912</bibRefCitation>
; 5. Michaelsen 1923; 6.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FB730CB70A38FA3E" author="Tokioka" box="[1222,1368,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Tokioka, T. (1953) Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 315 pp. + 79 plates." type="book" year="1953">Tokioka 1953</bibRefCitation>
; 7.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FAC80CB7096EFA3E" author="Tokioka" box="[1405,1550,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Tokioka, T. (1967) On a small collection of ascidians from the vicinity of Nhatrang, Viet Nam. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (5), 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka 1967</bibRefCitation>
; 8. Millar 1977; 9.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635F9630CB60821FA3E" author="Kott" box="[1750,1857,1454,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoires of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FFC80CC30859FA0A" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[125,1849,1498,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FFC80CC30E70FA0A" author="Monniot" box="[125,272,1498,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 11.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FEF40CC30D2BFA0A" author="Monniot" box="[321,587,1498,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1987) Les Ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 136 (A), 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot &amp; Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 12. Monniot
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FD6C0CC20C66FA15" box="[729,774,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">et al</emphasis>
. 2001; 13.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FCCD0CC20B0AFA0A" author="Bonnet" box="[888,1130,1498,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2011 a) The Family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Bonnet &amp; Rocha 2011a</bibRefCitation>
; 14.
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FB2F0CC20AECFA0A" author="Bonnet" box="[1178,1420,1498,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. K. &amp; Rocha, R. M. (2011 b) The Ascidiidae (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) of coastal Brazil. Zoological Studies, 50 (6), 809 - 825." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">Bonnet &amp; Rocha 2011b</bibRefCitation>
; 15. Kneer
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635F9B70CC2094EFA15" box="[1538,1582,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">et al</emphasis>
. 2013; 16. presente study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82470E465914C635FF3A0F1F0CCEF9E6" blockId="5.[125,1899,661,1564]" box="[143,942,1542,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
Digestive tract and gonads as
<taxonomicName id="45F875C55914C635FE0A0F1F0D4DF9E1" box="[447,557,1542,1563]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentula">
<emphasis id="B08CD2545914C635FE0A0F1F0D4DF9E1" box="[447,557,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">A. mentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FDE60F1F0D93F9E6" author="Arnback" box="[595,755,1542,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1934) Northern and Artic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum. XII. Tunicata. 4. Cionidae, Ascidiidae, Agnesiidae, Rhodosomatidae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 13 (3), 4 - 91." type="journal article" year="1934">Ärnbäck (1934)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="E66973B75914C635FC900F1F0CCEF9E6" author="Millar" box="[805,942,1542,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" refString="Millar, R. H. (1966) Tunicata. Ascidiacea. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia, 1, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1966">Millar (1966)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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