323 lines
51 KiB
XML
323 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="49FEE1C0DCE7C26E50DCA2540FB81FA5">Taxonomic redescription of Leucandrilla wasinensis (Jenkin, 1908) and L. intermedia (Row, 1909) (Porifera, Calcarea): a first step to improve current knowledge on the typical features of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="39BFFD4C9195B03809131EA0F2E08F8D">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B3E1016E81F91892C73DFC6F5D48745">Chagas, Cléslei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EA9ECEDDE4F230A463A74400784BE16">Fonseca, Evelyn S. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FE1246A455C1D628EAF9807097D266B0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="9557879A4415FFAFFF130AF3FB19E090" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5945412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154435634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5945412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9557879A4415FFAFFF130AF3FB19E090" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9557879A4415FFAFFF130AF3FB19E090" lastPageId="8" pageId="5">
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<subSubSection id="55E465074415FFA2FF130AF3FD9FE4A3" box="[151,600,1412,1438]" pageId="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF130AF3FD9FE4A3" blockId="5.[151,600,1412,1438]" box="[151,600,1412,1438]" pageId="5">
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<heading id="460981E04415FFA2FF130AF3FD9FE4A3" bold="true" box="[151,600,1412,1438]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF130AF3FD9FE4A3" ID-CoL="6Q454" authority="(Row, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,600,1412,1438]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF130AF3FD9FE4A3" bold="true" box="[151,600,1412,1438]" pageId="5">
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF130AF3FE7AE4A3" bold="true" box="[151,445,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucandrilla intermedia</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FE480AF3FD97E4A3" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[460,592,1412,1438]" pageId="5" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref7070" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the Sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E465074415FFA2FF130ABDFC5EE701" pageId="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF130ABDFC17E4DD" blockId="5.[151,1275,1482,1596]" box="[151,976,1482,1504]" pageId="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3DEE11A24415FFA2FF130ABDFC17E4DD" box="[151,976,1482,1504]" pageId="5">
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF130ABDFDCEE4DD" authority=": Row 1909: 205" authorityName=": Row" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,521,1482,1504]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Leucilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF130ABDFE99E4DD" box="[151,350,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucilla intermedia</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FEEF0ABCFDCEE4DD" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[363,521,1482,1504]" page="205" pageId="5" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FEEF0ABCFE10E4DD" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[363,471,1482,1504]" pageId="5" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref7070" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the Sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 205
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, text-fig. 5, plate 19—fig. 7, plate 20—fig. 7
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF130A9EFC62E4C2" blockId="5.[151,1275,1482,1596]" box="[151,933,1513,1535]" pageId="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3DEE11A24415FFA2FF130A9EFC62E4C2" box="[151,933,1513,1535]" pageId="5">
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF130A9EFD99E4C2" ID-CoL="6PSD3" authority=": Dendy & Row 1913: 771" authorityName=": Dendy & Row" authorityPageNumber="771" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,606,1513,1535]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infesta">
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF130A9EFE89E4C2" box="[151,334,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucandra infesta</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FEDF0A9EFD99E4C2" author="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H." box="[347,606,1513,1535]" page="771" pageId="5" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FEDF0A9EFDECE4C2" author="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H." box="[347,555,1513,1535]" pageId="5" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref6667" refString="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H. (1913) The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1913 (3), 704 - 813. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy & Row 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 771
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FDED0A9DFCDAE4C2" author="Burton, M." box="[617,797,1513,1535]" page="265" pageId="5" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FDED0A9DFD2BE4C2" author="Burton, M." box="[617,748,1513,1535]" pageId="5" refId="ref6547" refString="Burton, M. (1963) A revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. With a Catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Printed order of the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 693 pp." type="book" year="1963">Burton 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 265
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, text-fig. 128
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF13097FFB3CE723" blockId="5.[151,1275,1482,1596]" box="[151,1275,1544,1566]" pageId="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3DEE11A24415FFA2FF13097FFB3CE723" box="[151,1275,1544,1566]" pageId="5">
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF13097FFD60E723" ID-CoL="6Q454" authority=": Borojevic et al. 2000: 227" authorityName="Borojevic" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,679,1544,1566]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF13097FFE4AE723" box="[151,397,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucandrilla intermedia</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FE1F097FFD60E723" author="Borojevic, R. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J." box="[411,679,1544,1566]" page="227" pageId="5" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FE1F097FFDB2E723" author="Borojevic, R. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J." box="[411,629,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pagination="203 - 264" refId="ref6281" refString="Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. (2000) A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea). Zoosystema, 22 (2), 203 - 264." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Borojević
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FD81097EFDF5E723" box="[517,562,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 227
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FD35097FFC0EE723" author="Borojevic, R. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J." box="[689,969,1544,1566]" page="1169" pageId="5" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FD35097FFC4CE723" author="Borojevic, R. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J." box="[689,907,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pagination="1157 - 1184" refId="ref6326" refString="Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J. (2002) Order Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), S ystema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York / Boston / Dordrecht / London / Moscow, pp. 1157 - 1184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 120" type="book chapter" year="2002">
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||
Borojević
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||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FC98097EFC8FE723" box="[796,840,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 1169
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FC50097FFB3CE723" author="Condor-Lujan, B. & Louzada, T. & Hajdu, E. & Klautau, M." box="[980,1275,1544,1566]" page="42" pageId="5" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FC50097FFB10E723" author="Condor-Lujan, B. & Louzada, T. & Hajdu, E. & Klautau, M." box="[980,1239,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pagination="459 - 525" refId="ref6598" refString="Condor-Lujan, B., Louzada, T., Hajdu, E. & Klautau, M. (2018) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Curacao, Caribbean Sea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (3), 459 - 525. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 082" type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Cóndor-Luján
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||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FBED097EFB52E723" box="[1129,1173,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 42
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF130951FC5EE701" blockId="5.[151,1275,1482,1596]" box="[151,921,1574,1596]" pageId="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3DEE11A24415FFA2FF130951FC5EE701" box="[151,921,1574,1596]" pageId="5">
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF130951FCDBE701" ID-CoL="6Q454" authority=": Van Soest & De Voogd 2018: 103" authorityName=": Van Soest & De Voogd" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,796,1574,1596]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
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<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF130951FEDDE701" box="[151,282,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucandrilla</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
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||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FECC0951FE71E701" box="[328,438,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5">intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9C5F109D4415FFA2FE470950FCDBE701" author="Van Soest, R. W. & De Voogd, N. J." box="[451,796,1574,1596]" page="103" pageId="5" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4415FFA2FE470950FD2DE701" author="Van Soest, R. W. & De Voogd, N. J." box="[451,746,1574,1596]" pageId="5" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref7271" refString="Van Soest, R. W. & De Voogd, N. J. (2018) Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Zootaxa, 4426 (1), 1 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4426.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Van Soest & De Voogd 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 103
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs. 62, 63
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="55E465074415FFA2FF13091EFBB4E7D3" pageId="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF13091EFBB4E7D3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1641,1990]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF13091EFE44E7BF" bold="true" box="[151,387,1641,1666]" pageId="5">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
Slides of the
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||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4415FFA2FDA4091EFD01E7BF" box="[544,710,1641,1666]" pageId="5" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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||
: BMNH 1954.2.24.5 (1 slide containing sections of the skeleton and 1 containing dissociated spicules), BMNH 1954.2.24.6 (only 1 slide with dissociated spicules), BMNH 1954.2.24.7 (2 slides), BMNH 1954.2.24.27 (1 slide), BMNH 1954.2.24.28 (1 slide), BMNH 1954.2.24.29 (1 slide), and BMNH 1954.2.24.30 (1 slide) (only sections of the skeleton). Suez, Red Sea.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E465074415FFA0FF43098EFC47E7A5" lastPageId="7" pageId="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4415FFA2FF43098EFD55E6F8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1641,1990]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FF43098EFE9CE62F" bold="true" box="[199,347,1785,1810]" pageId="5">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
It is worth mentioning that the spicule categories observed in BMNH 1954.2.24.6 are typical of
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<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FF13086AFE85E60B" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,322,1821,1846]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Amphoriscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by the presence, for instance, of giant tetractines) and very different from those found in the other samples, indicating that it is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FD840836FCD7E664" authorityName=": Van Soest & De Voogd" authorityYear="2018" box="[512,784,1857,1881]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FD840836FCD7E664" box="[512,784,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leucandrilla intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, it is not clear to us if the sections observed in the slide BMNH 1954.2.24.30 were prepared in a different manner (and thus, the organisation of the skeleton did not seem to be the same as that of the remaining specimens) or if it also corresponds to a different species. All the other specimens correspond to
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4415FFA2FE7708D9FD55E6F8" box="[499,658,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4415FFA2FE7708D9FD49E6F8" authorityName=": Van Soest & De Voogd" authorityYear="2018" box="[499,654,1965,1989]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">L. intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="498166044416FFA1FF130815FBD2E6CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="6" startId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" targetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4416FFA1FF130815FBD2E6CF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1890,2034]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4416FFA1FF130815FED2E64A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1890,1912]" pageId="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4416FFA1FD5D0815FC14E645" authorityName=": Van Soest & De Voogd" authorityYear="2018" box="[729,979,1890,1912]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4416FFA1FD5D0815FC14E645" box="[729,979,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6">Leucandrilla intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430FEFFB89E3CD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
In the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4417FFA0FE7E0FEFFDB6E18D" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[506,625,152,176]" pageId="7" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref7070" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the Sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) there is no mention to differences at the morphology of the specimens, which are described as “small, irregularly massive, and usually with a single osculum at the top”. The sections are not stained, but according to the original description, the aquiferous system is sylleibid. The sponge surface is perforated by giant diactines that cross the choanosome, almost reaching the atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FBCF0E73FB62E021" box="[1099,1189,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tangential triactines occur at the surface, being rare in the specimen BMNH 1954.2.24.28 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FC540E50FBECE07D" box="[976,1067,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cortical skeleton has also tetractines that are never giant; their short apical actine is projected into the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FBE30E3BFB05E059" box="[1127,1218,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some subcortical lacunae and subcortical pseudosagittal triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FD500E18FCE4E0B5" box="[724,803,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C) were found in all the specimens but the BMNH 1954.2.24.27. Inner triactines are the main components of the choanosomal skeleton. The unpaired actines of those just below the cortical or subcortical layers point to the cortex, in opposition to the apical actines of cortical tetractines or (less common) to the long paired actine of the pseudosagittal spicules. Choanosomal tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FAEB0EABFF7DE325" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) were found in two of the analysed specimens (BMNH 1954.2.24.7 and BMNH 1954.2.24.27). The skeleton of the choanosome is predominantly articulated, with several layers of spicules that point their unpaired actines to the distal portion of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE5C0D30FDE8E35D" box="[472,559,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, in some sections, the choanosome is disorganised, and it is not clear whether this disorganisation is caused by the presence of canals. The atrial skeleton is formed of tetractines that differ from those of the canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FDB00DF8FD4EE395" box="[564,649,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) mainly by the length of the apical actines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FB070DF8FB19E395" box="[1155,1246,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Microdiactines were found close to the cortex of the specimens BMNH 1954.2.24.27 and BMNH 1954.2.24.28 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FB680DC3FA81E3F1" box="[1260,1350,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large triactines close to the atrial surface were observed in BMNH 1954.2.24.29 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FC630DA0FB86E3CD" box="[999,1089,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430D8BFB93E228" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1108,764,789]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FF430D8BFEEEE228" bold="true" box="[199,297,764,789]" pageId="7">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(measured from BMNH 1954.2.24.5, except for those indicated below):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430C68FE74E260" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Microdiactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FEFB0C68FE10E205" box="[383,471,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
): Thin and long, with blunt or sharp tips (93.5–116.4 ± 150.4–56.1/2.8 ± 0.5 µm; N = 4; BMNH 1954.2.24.28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430C10FE39E299" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Diactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FEC50C10FE59E2BD" box="[321,414,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Most of them are broken at the distal part. Straight and fusiform (549.3–991.4 ± 324.2– 1835.3/ 31.9 ± 6.9 µm; N = 30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430CD8FE2EE52D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Cortical triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE1B0CD8FE3FE2F5" box="[415,504,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Actines are cylindrical, with blunt tips. Paired actines are commonly curved, and the angle formed by them is large (paired: 91.2–143.6 ± 32.0–208.3/9.8 ± 1.8 µm; unpaired: 93.9–146.6 ± 38.7– 225.0/15.8 ± 3.3 µm; N = 30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430B6BFB49E541" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Cortical tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE350B6BFDC9E509" box="[433,526,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
): Actines are slightly conical with blunt tips. Basal actines are curved. Apical actine is smooth and straight (paired: 123.1–189.6 ± 21.4–226.7/15.1 ± 4.3 µm, N = 27; unpaired: 124.8–142.5 ± 11.2–155.5/19.6 ± 0.7 µm, N = 5; apical: 108.6–177.7 ± 29–201.7/17.3 ± 3.4 µm; N = 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430BF0FB4CE5D5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Pseudosagittal triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE6C0BF0FD82E59D" box="[488,581,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
): Typical pseudosagittal, but the longest paired actine may be the length of the unpaired one (short paired: 178.1–200.9 ± 12.5–223.2/17.7 ± 2.5 µm, N = 20; long paired: 208.3–264.4 ± 19.3– 295.1/21.7 ± 2.2 µm, N = 17; unpaired: 160.9–199.0 ± 25.7–288.8/18.6 ±3.9 µm; N = 22).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430B83FCB0E469" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Choanosomal triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE670B83FDFAE431" box="[483,573,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
): They vary in shape and size. Most of them seem to have slightly conical actines, with blunt tips, equiradiate and with a large unpaired angle (paired: 236.0–305.5 ± 43.0–404.6/23.9 ± 4.1 µm; unpaired: 223.9–324.6 ± 49.8–400.2/29.2 ± 3.4 µm; N = 30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430A28FD3EE4FD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Choanosomal tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE680A28FD84E445" box="[492,579,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
): Similar to the choanosomal triactines, but with an apical actine that varies in size (paired: 168.1–239.8 ± 49.3–318.7/19.5 ± 3.7 µm; unpaired: 166.0–242.8 ± 62.3–339.0/21.3 ± 5.5 µm; apical: 48.3–74.6 ± 15.7–98.7/19.2 ± 3.9 µm; N = 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430ABBFB71E711" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Tetractines of the canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE6E0ABBFD81E4D9" box="[490,582,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,483,1420]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of the paralectotype of Leucandrilla intermedia BMNH 1954.2.24.5. A—Diactine, B—Cortical triactine, C—Cortical tetractine, D—Pseudosagittal triactine (sp: short paired; lp: long paired; u: unpaired), E—Choanosomal triactine, F—Choanosomal tetractine, G—Tetractine of the canals, H—Atrial tetractine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599226/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
): Cylindrical actines with sharp tips. Paired actines are long, and the apical actine is shorter than the unpaired one (paired: 55.2–66.7 ± 8.8–81.7/4.7 ± 0.6 µm; unpaired: 37.0–49.3 ± 12.1– 67.3/5.2 ± 1.3 µm; apical: 9.6–17.1 ± 7.5–37.1/5.7 ± 2.6 µm; N = 6, except for apical/N = 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFA0FF430940FC47E7A5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7">
|
||
Atrial tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FE110940FE37E76D" box="[405,496,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
): Similar to the tetractines of the canals, but with long apical actine (paired: 94.6– 159.6 ± 33.2–236.7/9 ± 2.8 µm, N = 25; unpaired: 81.9–121.6 ± 23.5–188.7/6.7 ± 2.7 µm, N = 24; apical: 172.0– 262.2 ± 50.0–343.4/11.7 ± 2.7 µm, N = 30; BMNH 1954.2.24.29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E465074417FFAFFF4309D3FB19E090" lastPageId="8" pageId="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D41368C4417FFAFFF4309D3FB19E090" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FF4309D3FEFAE780" bold="true" box="[199,317,1700,1725]" pageId="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Microdiactines, pseudosagittal triactines and tetractines of the canals and choanosome were not mentioned in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4417FFA0FDD309BFFC3FE7DD" authority="(Row 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[599,1016,1736,1760]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FDD309BFFCAFE7DD" box="[599,872,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7">Leucandrilla intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4417FFA0FCF209BFFC28E7DD" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[886,1007,1736,1760]" pageId="7" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref7070" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the Sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another remarkable difference is the size of the apical actine of atrial tetractines. Although they have previously been described as extremely short (70–
|
||
<date id="6940104C4417FFA0FF130867FF2CE615" box="[151,235,1808,1832]" pageId="7" value="1980-10-07">80 x 7</date>
|
||
285 µm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4417FFA0FEE90866FE2CE615" author="Row, R. W. H." box="[365,491,1808,1832]" pageId="7" pagination="182 - 214" refId="ref7070" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the Sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we found that they are considerably larger, as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C52A094417FFA0FB3B0878FA5BE615" box="[1215,1436,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1369,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal organization of paralectotypes of Leucandrilla intermedia (A-C, H: BMNH 1954.2.24.28; D: BMNH 1954.2.24.7; E-G: BMNH 1954.2.24.29). A—Longitudinal section from the cortex (ct) to the atrium (at), B—Cortical triactine (left arrow) and pseudosagittal triactine (right arrow), C—Cortical tetractine and (arrow) microdiactines, D—Choanosomal tetractine (arrow), E—Articulated skeleton and canal (c) close to the atrium, F—Detail of the canal (c) surrounded by spicules, G—Large triactines close to the atrial cavity (at), H—Apical actines of atrial tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2599224/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figures 3G and H</figureCitation>
|
||
(measurements by the present description: 172–343
|
||
<date id="6940104C4417FFA0FD650842FCD5E671" box="[737,786,1844,1868]" pageId="7" value="2011-10">x 11</date>
|
||
µm). The difference observed between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4417FFA0FB7E0843FA5BE670" box="[1274,1436,1844,1869]" pageId="7" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
analysed here and the specimen from the Gulf of Aqaba described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4417FFA0FC2F082EFAC4E64D" author="Van Soest, R. W. & De Voogd, N. J." box="[939,1283,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref7271" refString="Van Soest, R. W. & De Voogd, N. J. (2018) Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Zootaxa, 4426 (1), 1 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4426.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Van Soest & De Voogd (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is mainly the presence of atrial triactines in the latter. When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4417FFA0FCAA080AFC03E6A9" box="[814,964,1917,1940]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FCAA080AFC03E6A9" box="[814,964,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7">L. wasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the skeletal composition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4417FFA0FA81080AFA5BE6A9" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1285,1436,1916,1940]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FA81080AFA5BE6A9" box="[1285,1436,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar: giant diactines and rare microdiactines, cortical tri- and tetractines, subcortical pseudosagittal triactines, choanosome formed of tri- and tetractines (although the latter were not found in all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4417FFA0FB7E08B2FA55E6E1" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1274,1426,1988,2012]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4417FFA0FB7E08B2FA55E6E1" box="[1274,1426,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and atrial tetractines. On the other hand, differences between these species were mainly the type of aquiferous system (sylleibid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4418FFAFFE050FCAFDDCE1E9" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[385,539,188,212]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4418FFAFFE050FCAFDDCE1E9" box="[385,539,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and leuconoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4418FFAFFD6B0FCAFC4FE1E9" box="[751,904,189,212]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4418FFAFFD6B0FCAFC4FE1E9" box="[751,904,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">L. wasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the shape and size of cortical triactines (see Description section of each species) and the presence of a layer of subatrial spicules only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4418FFAFFB380F96FA93E1CA" box="[1212,1364,224,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4418FFAFFB380F96FA93E1CA" box="[1212,1364,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8">L. wasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4418FFAFFA010F96FED7E021" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4418FFAFFA010F96FED7E021" italics="true" pageId="8">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only rare subatrial spicules were observed, and they occurred in only one specimen). Finally, it is important to emphasize that only
|
||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4418FFAFFDA70E50FD02E07D" box="[547,709,295,320]" pageId="8" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were analysed in the present work, as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4418FFAFFB400E50FAECE07D" box="[1220,1323,295,320]" pageId="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
[possibly chosen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="796F4B7D4418FFAFFE960E3AFE71E058" author="Burton, M." box="[274,438,332,357]" pageId="8" refId="ref6547" refString="Burton, M. (1963) A revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. With a Catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Printed order of the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 693 pp." type="book" year="1963">Burton (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] could not be located. Therefore, although the re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE4D0F4418FFAFFB130E3AFAE8E059" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1175,1327,332,356]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandrilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F8AEA9E4418FFAFFB130E3AFAE8E059" box="[1175,1327,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8">L. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided here is useful to a better understanding about the species, further studies aiming taxonomic decisions should consider that it is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4418FFAFFE030EE3FE36E090" box="[391,497,404,429]" pageId="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and not
|
||
<typeStatus id="C245882E4418FFAFFDD20EE3FD3CE090" box="[598,763,404,429]" pageId="8" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, that determines the identity of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |