307 lines
40 KiB
XML
307 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="C6A8250D29B1A9A112638D4612E240E4" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7cbc23a-7a4c-4616-83fd-059fb458f7b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257286" ID-ZooBank="B264C215-000D-42C5-8AC9-B801872CD182" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476339245459" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2016" docId="953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nymphaster diomedeae Ludwig 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="690EFFC1FF8FFFE85C67FF96857BFFB8" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698389676701" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1BCB7BCE93319BA0A3FF47E789EDCBA9">Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82261C3788856B5FD66F0536EA0CDEA6">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EBAD5FE3408912038E48661083D04755">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE98CDFE18EC71951C462E7A93F2586C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51B12CAF152F7C4103F787242DCF494D">4175</mods:number>
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<treatment id="953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF99FFFE5CF0FAE48403FA16" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF99FFFE5CF0FAE48719FA35" blockId="22.[151,610,1394,1454]" box="[151,610,1394,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="466981C3FF99FFFE5CF0FAE48719FA35" bold="true" box="[151,610,1394,1421]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF99FFFE5CF0FAE48719FA35" ID-CoL="486KN" authority="Ludwig, 1905" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,610,1394,1421]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5CF0FAE48719FA35" bold="true" box="[151,610,1394,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5CF0FAE484C9FA34" bold="true" box="[151,434,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Nymphaster diomedeae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5DDFFAE58719FA35" author="Ludwig" box="[440,610,1395,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF99FFFE5CF0FA038403FA16" blockId="22.[151,610,1394,1454]" box="[151,376,1429,1454]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF99FFFE5CF0FA03858EFA16" box="[151,245,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[290,1299,205,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[277,1309,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ images of M. tenellus and N. diomedeae. A. Mediaster tenellus present on molt or moribund crab. B. Nymphaster diomedeae in feeding aggregation. C. N. diomedeae approaching dead gonatid squid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257293/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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B–C, 8A–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF99FFF15CF0FA4B86E6F9A0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF99FFFE5CF0FA4B860AF9AA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1501,1554]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5CF0FA4B8453FA4B" author="Ludwig" box="[151,296,1501,1523]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 128;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5D03FA4B84A4FA4B" author="Fisher" box="[356,479,1501,1523]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1928) Sea stars from the Arcturus Oceanographic expedition. Zoologica, 8 (9), 487 - 493." type="journal article" year="1928">Fisher 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 490;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5E7CFA4887D9FA4B" author="Macan" box="[539,674,1501,1523]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports. Vo l. IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 374;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5EB9FA4B8625FA4B" author="Maluf" box="[734,862,1501,1523]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Maluf, Y. (1988) Composition and distribution of the central eastern Pacific echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Reports, 2, 242 pp." type="book" year="1988">Maluf, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 34 (table), 118 (list); 1991: 349 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5884FA4880E3FA4B" author="Clark" box="[1251,1432,1501,1523]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 265;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5C9DFA6A849AF9AA" author="Maluf" box="[250,481,1532,1554]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Maluf, L. I. & Brusca, R. C. (2005) Echinodermata. Chapter 18. In: Hendrickx, M. E., Brusca, R. C. & Findley, L. T. (Eds.), A Distributional checklist of the macrofauna of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Part I. Invertebrates. [Listado y distribucion de la macrofauna del golfo de California, Mexico, Parte I. Invertebrados], Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Az. USA, pp. 327 - 343." type="book chapter" year="2005">Maluf & Brusca, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 331 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5E32FA6A8641F9AA" author="Hendrickx" box="[597,826,1532,1554]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Hendrickx, M., Mah, C. & Zarate, C-M. (2011) Deep-water Asteroidea (Echinodermata) collected during the slope cruises in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82, 798 - 824." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Hendrickx
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5EA1FA6B8782F9AA" box="[710,761,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 809.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF99FFFE5CF0F9A98732F8EB" blockId="22.[151,1437,1598,1983]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5CF0F9A984F2F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,393,1598,1623]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5CF0F9A98598F9EE" bold="true" box="[151,227,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">In situ</emphasis>
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observations.
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</emphasis>
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MBARI has observed this species
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5F7EF9A98625F9EE" box="[793,862,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">in situ</emphasis>
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(dive 344,
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<date id="6920106FFF99FFFE5F85F9A8812EF9EF" box="[994,1109,1598,1623]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" value="2012-02">Feb. 2012</date>
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) at
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<quantity id="DA669B4AFF99FFFE58E7F9A88182F9EE" box="[1152,1273,1598,1623]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25294" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="1252.94">1252.94 m</quantity>
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in the Gulf of California on a muddy substrate adjacent to what appeared to be a dead gonatid squid as well as other scavenging megafauna, including a lithodid crab and a second sea star resembling the astropectinid
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF99FFFE58DCF9118060F926" box="[1211,1307,1671,1694]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Dytaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE58DCF9118060F926" box="[1211,1307,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Dytaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF99FFFE5956F9108001F927" box="[1329,1402,1670,1695]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[290,1299,205,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[277,1309,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ images of M. tenellus and N. diomedeae. A. Mediaster tenellus present on molt or moribund crab. B. Nymphaster diomedeae in feeding aggregation. C. N. diomedeae approaching dead gonatid squid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257293/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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C).
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF99FFFE5CF0F93C84DEF97B" box="[151,421,1706,1731]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5CF0F93C84DEF97B" box="[151,421,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Nymphaster diomedeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was shown on the sediment surface with inflated, convex radial regions displaying extended papulae with upturned armtips and tube feet extended. A second image (same dive) shows approximately eight to nine individuals clustered around some type of organic debris (
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF99FFFE5FCBF9648694F8B3" box="[940,1007,1778,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[290,1299,205,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[277,1309,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ images of M. tenellus and N. diomedeae. A. Mediaster tenellus present on molt or moribund crab. B. Nymphaster diomedeae in feeding aggregation. C. N. diomedeae approaching dead gonatid squid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257293/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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B). Two groups within the cluster each including three to four animals, with swollen disks, appear to be feeding or scavenging. Living color of these individuals was straw-yellow to white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF99FFFE5CA0F8C887B1F807" blockId="22.[151,1437,1598,1983]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
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Although there have been no explicit feeding studies of
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF99FFFE5F33F8C886A1F8CF" box="[852,986,1886,1911]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE5F33F8C886A1F8CF" box="[852,986,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Nymphaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF99FFFE581CF8C88016F8CE" box="[1147,1389,1886,1911]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenatus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE581CF8C88016F8CE" box="[1147,1389,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Nymphaster arenatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been classified in megafaunal analyses as both a scavenger and a predator (daCosta
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE583BF81281EDF823" box="[1116,1174,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF99FFFE5889F81485AAF807" author="Wagstaff" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refString="Wagstaff, M. C., Howell, K. L., Bett, B. J., Billett, D. S. M., Brault, S., Stuart, C. T. & Rex, M. A. (2014) β-diversity of deep-sea holothurians and asteroids along a bathymetric gradient (NE Atlantic). Marine Ecology Progress Series 508, 177 - 185." type="book chapter" year="2014">
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Wagstaff
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF99FFFE593CF81280EEF823" box="[1371,1429,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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) which is consistent with these observations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="49E16627FF98FFFF5CF0F837810DF86E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257293/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[290,1299,205,1919]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF98FFFF5CF0F837810DF86E" blockId="23.[151,1435,1953,2006]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5CF0F837863CF80F" bold="true" box="[151,839,1953,1975]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
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FIGURE 7.
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5D7AF834841FF80F" bold="true" box="[285,356,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">In situ</emphasis>
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||
images of
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF98FFFF5DB9F834872EF80F" box="[478,597,1953,1975]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenellus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5DB9F834872EF80F" bold="true" box="[478,597,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">M. tenellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF98FFFF5EE8F8348664F80F" box="[655,799,1953,1975]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5EE8F8348664F80F" bold="true" box="[655,799,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">N. diomedeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF98FFFF5F37F8378175F80F" box="[848,1038,1953,1975]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenellus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5F37F8378175F80F" box="[848,1038,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Mediaster tenellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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present on molt or moribund crab.
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF59E3F83780E0F80F" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1953,1975]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF98FFFF5CF0F85684FEF86E" box="[151,389,1984,2006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5CF0F85684FEF86E" box="[151,389,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Nymphaster diomedeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in feeding aggregation.
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5E1BF85687EFF86E" bold="true" box="[636,660,1984,2006]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF98FFFF5EFCF857865EF86E" box="[667,805,1984,2006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF98FFFF5EFCF857865EF86E" box="[667,805,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">N. diomedeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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approaching dead gonatid squid.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="49E16627FF97FFF05CF0F8C684B4F81B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" targetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF97FFF05CF0F8C684B4F81B" blockId="24.[151,1436,1872,1955]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05CF0F8C68761F8DE" bold="true" box="[151,538,1872,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
|
||
FIGURE 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF97FFF05D45F8C68761F8DE" box="[290,538,1872,1894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05D45F8C68761F8DE" bold="true" box="[290,538,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Nymphaster diomedeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="02CDAB4CFF97FFF05E1EF8C687B1F8DE" box="[633,714,1872,1894]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E26330" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="EnaNcbi">E26330</accessionNumber>
|
||
. Scale bar= 5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05FD1F8C686B4F8DE" bold="true" box="[950,975,1872,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF058C6F8C681C3F8DE" bold="true" box="[1185,1208,1872,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05C8AF8F9847DF83D" bold="true" box="[237,262,1903,1925]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of interradial marginal plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05EAFF8F9879BF83D" bold="true" box="[712,736,1903,1925]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF97FFF05FE8F8F986DCF83D" bold="true" box="[911,935,1903,1925]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FF018079FF4F" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
This observation is one of the first published accounts of this species
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15FB2FF0F8161FF08" box="[981,1050,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
and a new significant observation for this widely occurring but poorly known genus. Observations of the Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF96FFF15878FF2A81DAFF6B" box="[1055,1185,188,211]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15878FF2A81DAFF6B" box="[1055,1185,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">N. arenatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the ROV
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF96FFF1595DFF2D8582FF4F" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF1595DFF2D8582FF4F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show it sitting with arms flattened and extended out on bottom sediments (Mah, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FE948484FE86" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF96FFF15CA0FE94873BFEA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556583" box="[199,576,258,283]" location="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15CA0FE948422FEA3" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,283]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF96FFF15DACFE94873BFEA3" box="[459,576,258,283]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF96FFF15E37FE94806EFEA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556570" box="[592,1301,258,283]" country="Mexico" location="Coiba Island" municipality="Cocos Island" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF96FFF15E37FE9487D3FEA3" box="[592,680,258,283]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="18416074FF96FFF15EDDFE948635FEA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A:18416074FF96FFF15EDDFE948635FEA3" box="[698,846,258,283]" country="Mexico" municipality="Cocos Island" name="Coiba Island" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Coiba Island</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF96FFF15F04FE9586B9FEA3" box="[867,962,259,283]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FD45ACD5FF96FFF15FBCFE958109FEA3" box="[987,1138,258,283]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Cocos Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF96FFF158E0FE958077FEA3" box="[1159,1292,258,283]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF96FFF15941FE948480FE86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556592" country="Ecuador" elevation="1160" location="Galapagos Islands" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos Islands">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF96FFF15941FE94859DFE86" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF96FFF15C92FEB38423FE86" box="[245,344,293,318]" name="Ecuador" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF96FFF15D0CFEB38480FE86" box="[363,507,293,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.6179999999999999" metricValueMin="0.702" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1160.0" valueMax="1618.0" valueMin="702.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF96FFF15D0CFEB38480FE86" box="[363,507,293,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.6179999999999999" metricValueMin="0.702" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1160.0" valueMax="1618.0" valueMin="702.0">702–1618 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FEDF80E6FE3D" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15CA0FEDF8422FEDA" bold="true" box="[199,345,329,354]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body strongly stellate, flattened. Disk broad with arms triangular in outline, tapering at arm tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15CF8FEFA859BFE3D" box="[159,224,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A), trapezoid in cross-section. Abactinal surface flattened, sunken relative to plane of superomarginal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FE0681BCFD50" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Abactinal plates irregularly rounded to variably polygonal, largest along radial regions proximal on disk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15908FE0685DEFE74" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Carinal plate series largest, widest with adjacent radial series smaller, with sides having similar length and with. Interradial abactinal plates smaller, more quadrate and irregular in shape. Interradial abactinal plates largest proximally on disk becoming smaller and more crowded distally adjacent to contact with superomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15CF8FD8B859AFD8E" box="[159,225,541,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Abactinal plates covered with granules, four to 12, roughly hemispherical in shape, evenly distributed on plate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15D5CFDD784FAFDE2" box="[315,385,577,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B). More widely distributed on radial and proximal plates but becoming smaller and more crowded distally, adjacent to superomarginal plate contact. Papular pores present only on radial regions of disk, absent interradially with fewer pores present on primary circlet. Pores, four to six per plate, decreasing in number and absent adjacent to superomarginal arm plates. Madreporite, round to polygonal with deep sulci, flanked by five abactinal plates. Fasciolar well-developed along radial regions, but weak to absent interradially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FD65806EFBBC" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Superomarginals, ~36 per interradius (armtip to armtip-but tips are broken) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF1584FFD658110FCB3" box="[1064,1131,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Superomarginals offset from inferomarginals. Superomarginals wide (W>L) becoming more equivocal distally. Distalmost 10–16 superomarginals abutted over midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15E2BFCAF87F5FCEA" box="[588,654,825,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Inferomarginals, ~32–34 per interradius (armtip to armtip, but tips are broken). Marginal plates in cross-section with rounded edges with abactinal superomarginal surface and actinal inferomarginal surface weakly convex. Granules, evenly spaced, similar to those on abactinal, actinal surface completely cover marginal plate surface. Granules, 80–100 cover superomarginal and inferomarginal plate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15CF8FC518599FC58" box="[159,226,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Granules on inferomarginal surface, less crowded but more similar in distribution and shape with those granules on actinal plate surface. Approximately 45 granules form periphery of marginal plate surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FB98814CFB60" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Actinal intermediate plates arranged into approximately three chevrons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15870FB988126FB9F" box="[1047,1117,1038,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Chevron adjacent to adambulacral plate series best developed extending to base of arm. Remaining chevrons on actinal intermediate region irregular, shortened. Actinal plates quadrate to irregularly polygonal; largest proximally, but becoming smaller, crowded and more irregular in shape adjacent to inferomarginal contact. Granules six to 15 cover each actinal plate; slightly pointed relative to those on abactinal and superomarginal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15808FB0A81CAFB0D" box="[1135,1201,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Shallow fasciolar grooves present among actinal plates and between actinal and adambulacral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FB72867CFA68" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Furrow spines, two to six, blunt, slender but round to quadrate in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF1581FFB7581C4FB44" box="[1144,1215,1251,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Longest furrow spines proximal becoming shorter distally. Furrow spines proximally two to four becoming higher distally. Subambulacrals separated by discrete space, spines short and granular but angular to round in cross-section, approximately twice as large as granules present on actinal surface. Adambulacral plates elongate longer distally. Oral plate with four furrow spines per side, similar in length and shape to furrow spines elsewhere. Oral plate surface covered by pointed granules, blunt, angular to round in cross-section becoming more spine like adjacent to mouth and furrow spines pointing into mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF96FFF15EC4FA2E879EFA68" box="[675,741,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,203,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nymphaster diomedeae USNM E 26330. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Lateral view of interradial marginal plates. D. Actinal surface. E. Close up of actinal surface showing granulation, furrow spination and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257294/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FA4A81D3FA4C" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" box="[199,1192,1499,1524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">No pedicellariae observed on abactinal, marginal actinal, or adambulacral plate surfaces.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0FA6986E6F9A0" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" box="[199,925,1535,1560]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Color in life of this species is white to straw-like whitish-yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55846524FF96FFF15CA0F9B48675F93A" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF96FFF15CA0F9B48675F93A" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF96FFF15CA0F9B481BFF982" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556582" box="[199,1220,1570,1595]" collectionCode="USNM" elevation="1143" latitude="4.8333335" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-87.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos Islands">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15CA0F9B484CBF983" bold="true" box="[199,432,1570,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<location id="18416074FF96FFF15CA0F9B48454F983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF99FFF15CF0FAE48675F93A:18416074FF96FFF15CA0F9B48454F983" box="[199,303,1570,1595]" latitude="4.8333335" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-87.0" name="Material" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" stateProvince="Galapagos Islands">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF96FFF15DD0F9B58773F983" box="[439,520,1571,1595]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="02CDAB4CFF96FFF15E68F9B5870BF983" box="[527,624,1570,1595]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E26330" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" type="EnaNcbi">E 26330</accessionNumber>
|
||
. NE of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF96FFF15EA2F9B486EFF983" box="[709,916,1570,1595]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF96FFF15FF8F9B48689F983" box="[927,1010,1570,1595]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" precision="925" value="4.8333335">4º50’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF96FFF15F99F9B58119F983" box="[1022,1122,1571,1595]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" precision="925" value="-87.0">87º00’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF96FFF1580AF9B581BFF982" box="[1133,1220,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1143.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF96FFF1580AF9B581BFF982" box="[1133,1220,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1143.0">1143 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF96FFF158A8F9B58675F93A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556581" collectorName="Coll. G. & Alvin." country="Costa Rica" elevation="1040" latitude="8.9208" location="Costa Rica" longLatPrecision="54" longitude="-84.305" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 dry spec. R=4.4, r=1.3; SIO-E4386
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF96FFF15D0EF9D1849FF9E7" box="[361,484,1606,1631]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mound11,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF96FFF15E01F9D187AAF9E6" box="[614,721,1607,1631]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" precision="5" value="8.9208">8.9208 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF96FFF15EBAF9D08636F9E6" box="[733,845,1606,1631]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" precision="55" value="-84.305">84.305 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF96FFF15F3FF9D186CAF9E6" box="[856,945,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1040.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF96FFF15F3FF9D186CAF9E6" box="[856,945,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1040.0">1040 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF96FFF15FDBF9D08168F9E7" box="[956,1043,1606,1631]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Coll. G.</collectorName>
|
||
Rouse et. al. R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF96FFF15884F9D08041F9E7" box="[1251,1338,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15884F9D08041F9E7" box="[1251,1338,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& HOV
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF96FFF15CF0F9FF85A2F939" box="[151,217,1641,1666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF96FFF15CF0F9FF85A9F93A" box="[151,210,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="126">Alvin</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
1 wet spec. R=8.1, r=2.8 (but arms broken at tips)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |