362 lines
31 KiB
XML
362 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="72DAC521A258DBB10F5FF32D12D53EA4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Errinopora nanneca Fisher 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72DAC521A258DBB10F5FF32D12D53EA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72DAC521A258DBB10F5FF32D12D53EA4" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Errinopora_nanneca" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca Fisher, 1938</taxonomicName>
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Figs 5B,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I10A–K">G-I10A-K</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1938: 538-539, pl. 66, fig. 1, pl. 67, pl. 69, figs 2, 2a.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 72" title="List of the described species of the order Stylasterina." volume="33" year="1957">Boschma 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 57.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Naumov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Keys to the fauna of the USSR published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 660" title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR." volume="70" year="1960">Naumov 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 559, fig. 404.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns 1983b</bibRefCitation>
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: 462.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="13 - 46" title="Appendix: list of extant stony corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 43 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 100-101 (mineralogy).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="19 - 28" title="Coral in Alaska: distribution, abundance, and species associations." url="doi: 10.1023/A:1016528631593" volume="471" year="2002">Heifetz 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 22 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindner, A" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Duke University" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="Evolution and Taxonomy of Stylasterid Corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae)." year="2005">Lindner 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 87 (redescription, key), 103-106, figs 4.2E, 4.8, 4.15.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries Oceanography" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="131 - 138" title="Corals of the Aleutian Islands." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" volume="14" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 133, 137 (listed).-Wing and Barnard 2005: 27 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooke, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="519 - 532" title="Reproduction of deep-water hydrocorals (family Stylasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska." volume="81" year="2007">Brooke and Stone 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 528, figs 2G, 3C.-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 107 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Jamieson et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 224 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lindner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, and supplemental Table S1: 3 (phylogeny and DNA sequences).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nannacea" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nannacea">Errinopora nannacea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="61 - 163" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.1029/AR038p0061" volume="38" year="1983 a">Cairns 1983a</bibRefCitation>
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: 127 (incorrect spelling).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nummeca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nummeca">Errinopora nummeca</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Lowe, TP" journalOrPublisher="MS thesis, Washington DC, USA, George Washington University, Washington D. C." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="A Comparative Study of Stony Hydroids, Order Stylasterina, of Southern South America and Adjacent Antarctic Regions." year="1967">Lowe 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 83 (incorrect spelling).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora pourtalesi" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">Errinopora pourtalesi</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 58, fig. 28 (USNM 1123450).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Holotype: Alb-3599, a dry female colony 13 cm in height, USNM 42875 (Fig. 5B). Paratypes: Alb-3599, 6 colonies, including that figured by
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, WK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="493 - 554" title="Hydrocorals of the North Pacific Ocean." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.84-3024.493" volume="84" year="1938">Fisher (1938</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 67), 4 female, 1 male, 1 indet., all dry, USNM 52263. All other specimens mentioned by Fisher from Alb-3599 and 4777 are expressed excluded from type status
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">according</pageBreakToken>
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to
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<bibRefCitation author="ICZN," journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, IV edition." year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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article 72.4.6. Type locality.Alb-3599:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.083332">52°05'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="177.66667">177°40'E</geoCoordinate>
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(off Kiska Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands), 101 m, 9 Jun 1894.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Material examined.Alb-3480,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.1">52°06'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-171.75">171°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 517 m, 8 Jul 1891, 1 indet., part of type series of Errinopora zarhyncha, ex. USNM 52247; Alb-3599, type locality, 8 female, 8 male, USNM 52248; Alb-4777,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.183334">52°11'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.81667">179°49'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 95 m, 5 Jun 1906, 11 female, 7 male, USNM 44070, 52249, 60299, and 62715; Alaskan Leader 35,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.03">53°01'48"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-170.10333">170°06'12"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 172-178 m, 4 Jun 2002, 1 female, 1 male, USNM 1123451 and 1123532; Alaskan Leader 54,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.763332">51°45'48"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.10223">179°06'08"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 90-467 m, 11 Jun 2002,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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female, USNM 1123378; Delta,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.225002">51°13'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.88805">179°53'17" E</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m, 16 Jul 2002, 1 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123377; Delta 5599,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.557835">52°33.47'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="179.44067">179°26.44'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 225 m, 15 Jul 2002, 1 male, USNM 1123452; Delta 5605,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.84861">51°50'55"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-179.80362">179°48'13"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 125 m, 17 Jul 2002, 1 male, 4 indet., USNM 1123450 and 1123462; Delta 5607,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.39917">51°23'57"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-179.80972">179°48'35"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 182 m, 16 Jul 2002, 1 female, USNM 1123459; Delta 5620,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.961113">51°57'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.01167">176°00'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 150 m, 24 Jul 2002, 2 female with fragments in alcohol, USNM 1027820 and 1123510; Delta 5622,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.958332">51°57.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-176.835">176°50.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 140 m, 24 Jul 2002, 2 female, 1 male, and fragments in alcohol, USNM 1123468, 1123472, and 1123472; Delta 5625,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.961666">51°57.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-176.83667">176°50.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 130 m, 25 Jul 2002, 1 female, USNM 1123473; MF 833-47,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.926666">51°55'36"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-176.88">176°52'48"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 201 m, 5 Aug 1983, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 77049; MF 833-49,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.003334">52°00.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-176.35667">176°21.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 115 m, 5 Aug 1983, 1 male in alcohol, USNM 77031; MF 833-56,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.035">52°02'06"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-176.37666">176°22'36"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 249 m, 6 Aug 1983, 1 female, USNM 77044; MF 833-69,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.046665">52°02.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="179.45334">179°27.2'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 63 m, 25 Aug 1983, 1 indet., in alcohol, USNM 77030; Pacific Knight 941-61,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.283333">52°17'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-173.1">173°06'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 0-143 m, 17 Jun 1994, 1 female, USNM 96254; Sea Storm 86,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.60583">51°36'21"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-176.29417">176°17'39"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 345 m, 3 Jul 2002, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1123475; Sea Storm 92,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.559444">51°33'34"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-177.66667">177°40'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 367 m, 4 Jul 2002, 3 female, 3 male, USNM 1123529, 1123469-70, and 1123376; Sea Storm 100,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.71639">51°42'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.78528">175°47'07"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 86 m, 7 Jul 2002, 1 indet., in alcohol, USNM 1123520; Sea Storm 105,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.149723">52°08'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.11307">175°06'47"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 201 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123519; Sea Storm 108,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.192223">52°11'32"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="175.28334">175°17'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 208 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1123517; Sea Storm 111,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.27222">52°16'20"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.98695">175°59'13"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 137 m, 9 Jul 2002, 1 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123518; Sea Storm 112,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.253334">52°15'12"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.01167">176°00'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 137 m, 9 Jul 2002, 1 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123512; Sea Storm 114,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.04139">52°02'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="177.65">177°39'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 130 m, 10 Jul 2002, 1 male, USNM 1123515; Sea Storm 115,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.07111">52°04'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="177.31778">177°19'04"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 165 m, 10 Jul 2002, 2 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123474 and 1123513; Sea Storm 116,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.069443">52°04'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="177.24">177°14.4'E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 87-94 m, 11 Jul 2002, 5 male, 1 indet., USNM 1123516; Sea Storm 118,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.003887">52°00'14"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="177.31778">177°19'04"E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 104-111 m, 11 Jul 2002, 2 female, 2 male, USNM 1123375 and 1123471; Sea Storm 122,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.046944">52°02'49"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.42168">179°25'18"E</geoCoordinate>
|
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, 143 m, 13 Jul 2002, 1 indet., USNM 1123511; Sea Storm 126,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.22278">52°13'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-179.82388">179°49'26"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 115 m, 13 Jul 2002, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1123466; Sea Storm 128,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.05611">52°03'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-179.80217">179°48.13'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 242 m, 14 Jul 2002, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1123374; Sea Storm 157,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.209724">52°12'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-172.20555">172°12'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 348 m, 23 Jul 2002, 1 female, USNM 1123467; Vesteraalen 941-50,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.566666">52°34'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-170.66667">170°40'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-88 m, 13 Jun 1994, 3 female, 3 male, USNM 96252 and 1138188; Vesteraalen 941-59,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.2">52°12'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-172.2">172°12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-360 m, 14 Jun 1994, 3 male, USNM 96251 and 1123514; Vesteraalen 941-61,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.083332">52°05'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-172.43333">172°26'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-156 m, 15 Jun 1994, 5 female, USNM 96253; Vesteraalen 941-151,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.183334">52°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.73334">179°44'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-151 m, 10 Jul 1994, 1 indet., USNM 96257; Vesteraalen 941-153,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.166668">52°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.71666">179°43'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-94 m, 10 Jul 1994, 1 female, 4 indet., USNM 96531; Vesteraalen 941-154,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.066666">52°04'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.78334">179°47'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-254 m, 11 Jul 1994, 1 male, USNM 96258; Vesteraalen 941-163,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.616665">51°37'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.41667">178°25'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-155 m, 18 Jul 1994, 1 female, 1 male, USNM 96256; Vesteraalen 941-185,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.066666">52°04'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="176.5">176°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0-91 m, 24 Jul 1994, 1 male, USNM 96255;Vesteraalen 3,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.629997">52°37'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-169.78778">169°47'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 80 m, 21 May
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">2001</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1123368; Gulf of Alaska, 219 m, 1 indet., USNM 77414; Renfro, coll.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.038055">52°02'17"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.4225">179°25'21"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 236 m, 5 Apr 2000, 1 female, USNM 1123455;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.3">52°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-179.80972">179°48'35"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 490 m, 28 May 2000, 1 indet., USNM 1123457.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Colonies quite variable in shape. Most colonies examined uniplanar, consisting of irregularly dichotomous, non-anastomotic branching (e.g., the holotype, Fig. 5B). The opposite extreme is multilobate and multiplanar colonies (Fig. 5H), composed of thin blades of corallum set in a three dimensional arrangement. Virtually all intergrades in colony shape were observed, including some having both large flattened lobes and slender branches (Fig. 5G). Tallest colony examined (USNM 96252) 21 cm in height with a basal branch diameter of 3.5 cm, but a broken colony having a basal diameter of 4 cm (USNM 1123516) implies an even larger size. Although distal branches often circular in cross section, more often they are somewhat compressed in branching plane. Parasitic spionid polychaete worms often form tubes along axis of branches, Fig. 8 in cross section. Coenosteum reticulate-spinose, the narrow strips only about 60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide and bordered by slits of equal width, each strip bearing irregularly unilinearly arranged spines, altogether producing a porous or rough coenosteal texture. Coenosteum light orange to light pink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Dactylopore spines isolated or arranged in transverse to oblique rows on distal branches, their dactylotomes facing upward (abcauline), their edges often fusing with edges of adjacent dactylopore spines. On more proximal branches and the basal branch, dactylopore spines fewer in number, and arranged in pseudocyclosystems, short rows, isolated, or as circles around small islands of 2-5 gastropores. Dactylopore spines strongly favor one face of corallum, and are much less common on opposite face. Dactylopore spines relatively small, only about 0.4 mm in maximum height and 0.30-0.35 mm in width, the dactylotome occupying middle third. Small (40-115
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter) secondary dactylopores flush with coenosteum common. Outer surface of dactylopore spines prominently ridged; inner surface bears a moderately robust dactylostyle (40-50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in width, Fig. 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
) composed of elements up to 18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
tall and 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Gastropores circular and flush with coenosteum, 0.15-0.44 mm in diameter, the average about 0.20 mm. Gastropore tube cylindrical, without a ring palisade. Gastrostyles lanceolate, up to 0.55 mm in height, bearing spinose longitudinal, sometimes anastomosing, ridges that themselves bear small spines up to 32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Smaller secondary gastropores, lacking gastrostyles, also present, these 0.11-0.19 mm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female ampullae (Fig. 10C) large hemispheres 1.1-1.8 mm in diameter, occurring fairly densely and equally on both corallum faces. Dactylopore spines often occur on female ampullae. Efferent pores rarely observed, but are lateral and up to 0.5 mm in diameter. Male ampullae smaller mounds 0.4-0.7 mm in diameter, clustered, and somewhat irregular in shape. Both types of ampullae porous, like the coenosteum.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of three species in the genus having a predominantly unilateral arrangement of dactylopore spines in which only one row of laterally fused spines (usually proximal to gastropores) have their dactylotomes facing
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
|
||
gastropore or gastropore row, the other species being
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora zarhyncha" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zarhyncha">Errinopora zarhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Dichotomous Key and Table 1).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora zarhyncha" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zarhyncha">Errinopora zarhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the account of the latter species, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having shorter dactylopore spines and smaller gastropores, uniplanar colonies, and prominently ridged dactylopore spines. Of the 126 specimens examined, 58 are female, 42 male, and 26 indeterminate in gender. The corallum was found to be 100% calcitic according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Aleutian Islands from eastern Rat Islands to Islands of Four Mountains, including Petrel Bank; 40-517 m.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
female holotype,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–K">D-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
USNM 96252:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
dactylopore spines on branch tips C stereo view of clustered female ampullae
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
lateral views of gastrostyles
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
coenosteal texture
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
dactylostyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |