421 lines
54 KiB
XML
421 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="01EB4E2368EAB918643A91A7E0593D21" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum nitidibaccatum Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208. 1912, nom cons. prop." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="E1385D2DE84438FB4F249A23056AD482">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0E7BE594752B76FF0C19F05F5CAB6E8">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3313422ACADB11A4E540F055D496337B">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EDFAADC4FCD2565E8CCC3D616BAA8A2B" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DADAA250FF5EAC117D52E60537F6F431">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F711E664CBF43ECEF1C8787A4EDA76EF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A300D3579BD09A368A6E45E8FC8C2E1E">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85DB42B1C4DD458D0E1A3334BBFA2B3C">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D8E744CE3C5192BE15A9DB0A480AB74">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="49B9E4CC2225F9D72ACD75340B32D944">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B371B208CCD615F1DAF54AB4149930A9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="58A45E5A48337E95F760165ED2353A14">231</mods:number>
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<treatment id="01EB4E2368EAB918643A91A7E0593D21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:01EB4E2368EAB918643A91A7E0593D21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/01EB4E2368EAB918643A91A7E0593D21" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="2B4CB0A92E28F09E6CB767ED560B7224" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8EEF478DF1FA3E9975B9EDAF2549A400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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34.
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<taxonomicName id="B6D895B10554A77A4191755ACE8E47AB" ID-CoL="4Y3H9" ID-ENA="1807833" authority="Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208. 1912, nom cons. prop." authorityName="Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208. 1912, nom cons. prop." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">Solanum nitidibaccatum Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 208. 1912, nom cons. prop.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E4781FBADD88F381EEEFF86ABE7957C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="D734BC768DB746254733B0BF45D40684" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="4DAEBAE2A54482E1330FFA7AF77200B4" captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F104" captionText="Figure 104. Solanum nitidibaccatum A habit B fruiting habit C fruiting habit showing leaf variation D detail of adaxial leaf surface E detail of abaxial leaf surface F flower bud G dissected flower H fruit (A, C, F Henning 14 B, D, E, H Blake 186 C Arnow 740). Illustration by R. Wise. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 107) and Knapp et al. (2019: 92)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 104</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="963951F69D5CB04B73F3C1B0D426C4D9" captionStart="Figure 105" captionStartId="F105" captionText="Figure 105. Solanum nitidibaccatum A habit B young inflorescence with flower buds C flowers at anthesis D maturing fruits (A-D Saerkinen et al. 4076). Photos by T. Saerkinen. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 108) and Knapp et al. (2019: 93)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure105" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897566" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 105</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9BC09E9D4951B989E360C7889A43FE91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A809B2610767F275D0E72EA121589D3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="337C1C0391E41F2B3D24BA53FA293EA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum stylesanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stylesanum">Solanum stylesanum</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 44. 1852, nom rej. prop., as '
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<emphasis id="579E1556C44272CF1E86F62CDB15B247" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">styleanum</emphasis>
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' Type. Chile. Sin. loc.,
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<emphasis id="BFB5CC45DF14AD6375948EB4F14C6FBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Styles s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: G-DC [G00144016]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF603D65966D03BB505EE64E7AC7BF5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A5B59A0F2998049019293439A1305EA9" authorityName="A.Nelson" authorityYear="1905" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bosleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bosleria nevadensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nevadensis">Bosleria nevadensis</taxonomicName>
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A.Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18(30): 175. 1905, nom rej. prop. Type. United States of America. Nevada: Washoe County, Pyramid Lake, 9 Jun 1903,
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<emphasis id="0C1CBD0B7DF275A17AB671838D0F621E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.H. True s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: RM [RM0004387]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8A050795AA687FCED39A60465439D59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="145EF0462E621A4EB0EEB66DFEA2D5E4" authorityName="C.V.Morton" authorityYear="1976" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum patagonicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patagonicum">Solanum patagonicum</taxonomicName>
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C.V.Morton, Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 146. 1976. Type. Chile.
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<normalizedToken id="212339B7EA316214461490A0FB0FC1C2" originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
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XII (Magallanes):
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<normalizedToken id="680507BEA669F6DC53AC39DE4B701CD5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Paine, 100 m, 15 Jan 1931,
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<emphasis id="828CF3B662AEF163925550BE826152DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Donat 415</emphasis>
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(holotype: BM [BM000617673]; isotypes: BA, BAF, GH [GH00077732], K, SI [003331, 003332], US [00027733, acc. # 2639758]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B4DCEAD1ECF1717E8CA4DEAEA09C1E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7620B13340A098F46BEBA08D608BE608" authorityName="J.M.Edmonds" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum physalifolium subsp. var. var. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="physalifolium" subSpecies="var." variety="nitidibaccatum">Solanum physalifolium Rusby var. nitidibaccatum</taxonomicName>
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(Bitter) Edmonds, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 27. 1986. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName id="710D6DD535BF2A3F32817147F8E418A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">Solanum nitidibaccatum</taxonomicName>
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Bitter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDD796E13632A16F50B48119F807695F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="643812CCA2411DA53C63D4C6E548BC39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<typeStatus id="779D299028334A70BF36038BCFB637C7">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="964828CE5AB090F5CB99C50B9A5805FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3649D4F4C25ABFC5F21241E3B451A505" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="E. F. Poeppig" country="Chile" location="Chile" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="E70A5B4DFB05E661F403B37E7A10E943" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
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. Sin. loc., 1829,
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||
<emphasis id="D12D700B2CA9933056AD8B4E88F70191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="57C9A83B52F8074BF53FA76568284B94">E.F. Poeppig</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="D4509E525A8920A8BE2E64938C011783">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="16C9870EC416C29732E3EC9C9476AAB3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 38" refId="B81" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1986. Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92 (1): 1 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" title="Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" volume="92" year="1986">Edmonds 1986</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 27: W [acc. # 0004151]; isolectotype: F [v0073346F, acc. # 875221])
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="ABC3D635A9FB95E3E243494ACA8453FB" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897565" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 104" startId="F104">
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||
<paragraph id="64475D61B282662B04E80F7723C7D4B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7216C83ED3B3482CEA7DD69801416DA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 104.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="A0A0DA4ECA8B1BC53D8A160199F70893" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
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||
<emphasis id="4B330F05B53C6E559DF3E57B649D6FA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="3313D0E16991909A22026295D049B466" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
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||
<emphasis id="8ED6743D5478DD3B3BA2F8A8B7560B32" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
fruiting habit
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||
<emphasis id="CE21B179303A2477B84619FFA3793ACD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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||
fruiting habit showing leaf variation
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||
<emphasis id="FBFB070ED9933B360A213803644C1A3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
detail of adaxial leaf surface
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||
<emphasis id="E6FD7179E02CE82DA8B7B208AC3D1CA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
detail of abaxial leaf surface
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||
<emphasis id="80811DA0BADBAB4AD1E718416C55C83D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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||
flower bud
|
||
<emphasis id="7E95F5A652658824ED38A51C98FDF69C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
dissected flower
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||
<emphasis id="70E1DF41A16CBDC96900E34C16F0CD1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
fruit (
|
||
<emphasis id="A1BA92ED9374808E66764ADF6F00E9C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, F</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="2E1BCB7FE02EFCCA6EE4BC256E6057DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henning 14</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B8502DEE5B6B2391B970234908897D9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D, E, H</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="FA6AB173156604E23E313BDFA7055A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Blake 186</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="46DB803AB24DC4D8F09F5FC692A4199D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="B6D9414893398BCC0076892348E73BF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Arnow 740</emphasis>
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||
). Illustration by R. Wise. Previously published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F547C63C5EE2B89EDAD33575FAF4770" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCAB700582CC81915102F09268358B7C" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 107) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66A85108342895ED91179331107348CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3E5B09CA3643AB9FF8C2B2BCA38F2EBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="95842DA9807D5BBF1C42596FBB6E666F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1B8912F5D2D87A5FA614DA0EE9EFBBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Annual herbs to 0.2 m high, prostrate and spreading to 0.3 m in diameter or more. Stems terete, green, not markedly hollow; new growth densely viscid-pubescent with translucent simple, uniseriate 2-8(10)-celled spreading trichomes 1.5-2 mm long with a glandular apical cell; older stems glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple and shallowly toothed, the blades 2-5.5(-9.5) cm long, 1.5-5(-6.5) cm wide, ovate to broadly ovate, rarely elliptic, widest in the lower half to third, membranous, discolorous; adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with spreading 2-4-celled translucent, simple, uniseriate gland-tipped trichomes like those of the stem, these denser along the veins; abaxial surface more evenly densely pubescent on the lamina and veins; major veins 3-6 pairs, not clearly evident abaxially; base attenuate to cuneate, at times asymmetric, decurrent on the petiole; margins entire or sinuate-dentate; apex acute to obtuse; petioles 0.5-2.7(-4.5) cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate glandular trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Inflorescences generally internodal, but in new growth appearing to arise opposite the leaves, unbranched, 1-2 cm long, with 4-8(-10) flowers clustered at the tip (sub-umbelliform) or spread along a short flower-bearing portion of the axis, sparsely pubescent with spreading trichomes like those on stems and leaves; peduncle 0.6-1.3 cm long; pedicels 4-12 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter at the base and 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 0.3-1 mm apart. Buds subglobose, the corolla only slightly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1-2 mm long, conical, the lobes 1.7-2.5 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, triangular with acute to obtuse apices, sparsely pubescent with 1-4-celled glandular trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter, white with a yellow-green central eye with black
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D13A9C9835B3C9899978E1B5B9478D14" originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
|
||
or
|
||
<normalizedToken id="383AFF5CD25B973DFC7555D0E39C3F25" originalValue="“U”">"U"</normalizedToken>
|
||
shaped edges in the lobe sinuses, rotate-stellate, lobed 1/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 2.3-3.2 mm long, 2.5-3.7 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, sparsely papillate-pubescent abaxially with 1-4-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, especially along tips and midvein. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 1.5-2 mm long, adaxially sparsely pubescent with tangled uniseriate 4-6-celled simple trichomes; anthers 1-1.4 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age and drying. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 2.5-3 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the lower half where included in the anther cone; stigma capitate, minutely papillate, green in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 0.4-1.3 cm in diameter, brownish green and marbled with white (this not easily visible in herbarium specimens) at maturity, translucent, the pericarp usually shiny, somewhat translucent, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 4-13 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm in diameter at the base, spaced 1-3 mm apart, reflexed and slightly curving, not persistent; fruiting calyx accrescent, becoming papery in mature fruit, the tube ca. 3 mm long, the lobes 2.5-3.5(-4) mm long and 3-4 mm wide, appressed against the berry, but the berry clearly visible. Seeds 13-24 per berry, 2-2.2 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped with a subapical hilum, brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells usually (1-)2-3 per berry, occasionally absent, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD91916849A8A023A6F968753719E73E" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 297" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" refId="B168" refString="Moscone, EA, 1992. Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261 - 297, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" title="Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" volume="31" year="1992">Moscone 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, voucher
|
||
<emphasis id="2532130A56B07BD82CDF29C57C49214A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ambrosetti & Moscone 1478</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A52185A209C788FED30F59AE490887D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2013.855389" author="Moyetta, NR" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="333 - 345" refId="B169" refString="Moyetta, NR, Stiefkensa, LB, Bernardello, G, 2013. Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae). Caryologia 66 (4): 333 - 345, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2013.855389" title="Karyotypes of South American species of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades (Solanum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2013.855389" volume="66" year="2013">Moyetta et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, voucher
|
||
<emphasis id="F2BEC0A4CEA893AD5268E93DAA67A7A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiapella et al. 1840</emphasis>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2F550F7D8E9AAB8BC9CA49C2E40F8FC" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="15564C504C12C82D43004211E853EDD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="346BB9B5BD6652940381936317989037" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure105" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897566" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 105" startId="F105">
|
||
<paragraph id="DBBCF928F5B36CC66B31280F69852BE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="407F8EBBDA267CC2384CD82E4DD10EF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 105.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D47A554D1BE6E45C32643F9113AABDA2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D3C110F16B8E6D9CF4960B83E00364B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5106041C68A6D4EAE478813E0305CE4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8E9D6DC2FA33B3074007407BD54AC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
young inflorescence with flower buds
|
||
<emphasis id="222D9E4E70C5A89300A22E88463634F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
flowers at anthesis
|
||
<emphasis id="491A93611E6187BD9D7DE739BE0D04F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
maturing fruits (
|
||
<emphasis id="914A7925F9D63286AE17FDCE4EDF1273" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="029BD7D26F1EBD860836B4BDA8C4CE53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="485B0AB93B4FBE15BC64A7AC8F6E20F1" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 4076
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Photos by T.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59B35A7B2E547D02BFAB59E0C87E17EF" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Previously published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4778E64894C750FF4B5F677A015E2D6D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0D7534946D001A033A524ACF9F858E2" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 108) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F598FBA6EE185260C96A2576EE9F1F1B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 93).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00B33758E31DA01F42F99823986E88F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4442AFB4324B6B2CDC7A331AD5646760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DAA4A772AAA583BECDB8A1EA463F605B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9494290B0874142D334A32CAAC54D00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="22B5F37C6A8E87A155BC04E27A30FB92" captionStart="Figure 106" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 106. Distribution map of Solanum nitidibaccatum in South America. For distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see Knapp et al. (2019: 95) and adventive distribution elsewhere, see Saerkinen et al. (2018: 109)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">106</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2084DA34B7017710C70057756053CD5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C07B6191F72ECE3491FA4244405DB2D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an amphitropical distribution in temperate South America and temperate western North America, including northern Baja California (for distribution outside South America and a discussion of its native range see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CEEF38798911BB0E005F3778889D2E2A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD60F72F46BCEBAD26D2D1D46EBCCF99" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0BBADA85A9A25CA1A8CAEF4C1B8435C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In South America it appears to be native in Chile (Regions III [Atacama], V [Valparaiso], VI [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AABF2E2411A4C9014CB50069CE1A1D9E" originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
|
||
], VIII [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="037C098E0854A46A331D76C044474E45" originalValue="Bío-Bío">Bio-Bio</normalizedToken>
|
||
], XII [Magellanes], XIII [Metropolitana], XIV [Los
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0249A19DF15EC0AADD37CF2E516ECED" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
]), Argentina (Provs. Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECA5C77A9BB7261B22E7D6B35EC44073" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Entre Rios, La Rioja, Mendoza,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47CB39E823BE2539AF12575241D70D0F" originalValue="Neuquén">Neuquen</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2215CD62A66AAF9ACEEFB735FA656427" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santiago del Estero,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EA32370F397AD6C956FC462A1642B7D5" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and coastal southern Peru (Depts. Moquegua, Tacna); it is perhaps adventive in Ecuador (Prov. Tungurahua).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D9D9DC07177E56C81188F0F4FF2531B0" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 106" startId="F106">
|
||
<paragraph id="26D8501F75BA1DBEA9DF24CB16D98E8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="EC531C60D8C6DCA730FFDEB716DF2333" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 106.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC78FC84909DA25DAAAF0F51ABE29109" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA52AE8095950770C41E9BE814F7FE87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South America. For distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E85CFDF3465C2AAC1BB7F9BB38D23B52" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 95) and adventive distribution elsewhere, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B381B1B37249B2886B2A2B6E23C88E70" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E6B47D4F32E08FD909A352499AED9E26" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 109).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E6A24CD0980C8C187309DE383995AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D1888727912DF1989A2F4CF6DA2E4E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E7863AF4B219B197DB3AEEE0ED096285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2843721A6869C91ECCA8AC06999095FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="181E9918F6332C614F990BEA51D8ECEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species that inhabits disturbed areas, usually found growing along roadsides in the shade of trees and shrubs, and in rocky and sandy soils between (0-) 1,200 and 2,500 m elevation. It is a common weed of agriculture and is often found growing in sandy soil in seasonal washes (arroyos).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9822890306EC4A21793D6B40E2F2C706" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="951CBBAE2C62EDB1D4553A97546B0977" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DB6769C8AF72001728CC1A72C30F2E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
No common names or uses have been recorded from South American specimens (for common names in North America, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5CA883C2200B6E3F5B8AAD16BB1C0E1C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The many uses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="993E58DF19FA29465CDB1C1388C4C8D3" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DE00F7DE587463A34D2D18D71906FDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by indigenous peoples of North America are documented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0064E166E08B8762DFF1B8366D3407A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In Argentina, the Mapuche people use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="685242915C56A24F23F5F2FEC17FE62B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE0DD5A56D35336B693027745085105F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medicinally for treatment of gastrointestinal and liver complaints (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="109FA5336554449C1F99D863E4D2DC82" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0241-2" author="Molares, S" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1079 - 1093" refId="B165" refString="Molares, S, Ladio, A, 2012. Mapuche perceptions and conservation of Andean Nothofagus forests and their medicinal plants: A case study from a rural community in Patagonia, Argentina. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (4): 1079 - 1093, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0241-2" title="Mapuche perceptions and conservation of Andean Nothofagus forests and their medicinal plants: A case study from a rural community in Patagonia, Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0241-2" volume="21" year="2012">Molares and Ladio 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1BBC920223EC1F548E83DD4EF84F152" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="5019695A899F6E84E00D9C9D1F874918" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0420398278EE6F1CFA52C4CC144AA909" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CDA4802A67C67A37C6884653056AF44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="218E4D28634DC5AEA6E1857945389DBB" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 188,100,484 km2 [LC]; AOO = 1,824 km2 [EN]; calculated on the global range.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15DE3386F7BC1A1494C390F0C75845BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DB206B8971AB9C2B1AA30FA93523066" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and weedy throughout its range. In North America it is considered a noxious weed of agriculture (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE0151D7838651E50F7E6E84A7E8BCD5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D64CEEAE8D18D192C5574F4433D3AD3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4178C72F21F601313C08AB3577F58CDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93C0B6950B732AC28463E2DFD8F026FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A2E287B4E3C025058C2E9302B257CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EBB8A3FDEF69B88B075B6AE12029F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to and has been treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC8F6612E16CC9848BAB50E8C2CA9024" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="32E7090A44369B96875F7AF6DA7F01C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in many previous treatments (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32BEE68C23E13A72B9D8B04CB2917401" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" author="Schilling, EE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 185" refId="B211" refString="Schilling, EE, 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Systematic Botany 6 (2): 172 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" title="Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" volume="6" year="1981">Schilling 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5134296AAD5F6ABE146798464DF3FA9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06275.x" author="Schilling, Jr EE" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="709 - 716" refId="B212" refString="Schilling, Jr EE, Heiser, Jr CB, 1979. Crossing relationships among diploid species of the Solanum nigrum complex in North America. American Journal of Botany 66 (6): 709 - 716, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06275.x" title="Crossing relationships among diploid species of the Solanum nigrum complex in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06275.x" volume="66" year="1979">Schilling and Heiser 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it is also often treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1A6F1D370EE05F4774CFC04DCA1165B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. physalifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="physalifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="57F978B617562DCCE3CADAF66FD2D846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. physalifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC89012648969AFECF2D3CC6EFE4FD82" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="978C7A1935A149F60F66407267DE49B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also sometimes been treated at infraspecific rank within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85777E84C38C6EE0B4621977BFC34931" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. physalifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="physalifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0FD760DF8D67A4DAFC6124D5684DDD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. physalifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an Andean endemic; the species are distinct and not closely related (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E40A9E2802F85DCEBB368045CF941D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F2A28EE5DB9E4EEA2C16E89CB4529ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="79AFEBD5376BB293781DBECCD339F7AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually thought to be native to Patagonian South America, from which it has been introduced extensively to other parts of the world where it has become a prolific and successful weed of disturbed sites. The species is locally abundant throughout North America and is probably native there west of the Rockies (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6A758457A7E48C5001DF01CDC23ADC61" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as evidenced by its extensive use by local people.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D98B3B92B8C85CB5CFE13FEBBB8A6DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BC10313FC2E38F6D407B8410607AAE0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEC54167CFF4589DF3459773B52A5FBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE498F0FB4797E623D15BA5A4C98E53" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="34B7B5906A1895FAA1DD4639A7B11A2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its shorter, plumper anthers, the blackish purple markings in the centre of the corolla on the margins of the central star, and in its fruits that are shiny at maturity, marbled with white (not usually visible on herbarium sheets) and not completely enclosed in the accrescent calyx. In addition, the mature inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68D83AD0B1BC629ACE6756034342F882" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E9522560615872FF88A9904A49EF050" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always internodal while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="442BF551A5C6EEB8B9BCBCE98B2308A6" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="728C80C2AD9C4C489C304AB5357DB242" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually opposite the geminate leaves.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C8C32285B3EA7CCB704861E3AB1FD229" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 38" refId="B81" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1986. Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92 (1): 1 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" title="Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" volume="92" year="1986">Edmonds (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94B80AAB1C253B40290BDB4316D771CA" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A2D0547ECDD890D4FCD17F8CAD41B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62E6140A369A961723DCAC91DC8BCC80" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="265614139A140B7FB64344B8B3FC76DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were distinct morphologically and phylogenetic results confirm this, showing these two species are not closely related despite their overall similarity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91CB7F313C64A3519D577C862B51210E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="945 - 958" refId="B206" refString="Saerkinen, T, Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, 2015b. True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum. Taxon 64 (5): 945 - 958, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" title="True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/645.5" volume="64" year="2015 b">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75EDA35024C2762307C89F5CFD386E50" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2A2A5D65C280CE6C56977674FFD697F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C20E4CB44CF1EE786A240B8FB607ACAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="300FEDCDE0B726A45B615A0B2A5A9D70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F932E3E8012E03F143B7B92FA1FB6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other glandular-pubescent morelloids by its minute flowers, with anthers 1-1.5 mm long.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95D0F19423DD9A499FAB00C8B27FD4F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum marmoratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC14F5D68B8130A45EA86BFEFE4468A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum marmoratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F77DAD0CD2BEDA529551ED5382ACCC9" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="38AD2A3275DC9624EFE83F683534A28E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric, has similarly tiny flowers, but lacks glandular pubescence completely and has much larger, more distinctly marbled berries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6FAC45DAB859AEB1E0DB98A52EB585C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Details of typification of the synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15EBFC19E927B102F6EEE1D35E8C7B4E" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A042B280742340155E13360FB9109FE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="965DA563431E7F50C5E46648BF7F618B" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BCD9913CE5FAAE0C7557B33E745BF343" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DF9712EE47804EEAD8516F3C3F72863" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="190EC3621D90DBE36B2C3FF1204B35B7" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="08B477737381DACD6C408415B0C8DD54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been proposed for conservation (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90569201B07EFEBB2A29EDAAFE51E633" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Knapp 2022) due to its widespread usage in the weed literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |