treatments-xml/data/01/29/87/0129879FF606FFD40BDAFCA11E5FD06B.xml

<document id="76E468F910F8D86D90EFD7F8C2A7EE47" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3750.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bcdcc503-9dad-4bef-834b-cdc1a07485dd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248024" ID-ZooBank="F01C254C-7CCA-4669-8C30-BF61180BD675" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460709113477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco, Albuquerque, Gilberto S. &amp; Tauber, Maurice J." docDate="2013" docId="0129879FF606FFD40BDAFCA11E5FD06B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03750p129.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3750 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) insularis Walker 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FD10FFE7F616FFC70B4DFFE21D14D273" masterDocTitle="Adults and larvae of two Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): descriptions, biological notes, and relationships" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1698357713548" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F7DB35504F8DE95269FE7424DCE88EB7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7351E2BD86895D6513C9A490F424C5BF">
<mods:title id="0EA912268F975CC93BD5735C5D1FA27A">Adults and larvae of two Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): descriptions, biological notes, and relationships</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="54BEB1DC5AE02ADF60F98D8A9C022195" type="personal">
<mods:role id="287CAF7DFBE695C08BDFD99EEADBC399">
<mods:roleTerm id="CB50CE410EBE8EA3243B535209DC9EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A1619D22F13D8100F23C2D06C380DC60">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E2D4C49E72D73464F51BF7A4EA08EB74" type="personal">
<mods:role id="568E67EC6D3DC34138DB1A2216F515AE">
<mods:roleTerm id="882A21F32F0D77323EA331DE20688CAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A8303A5FC1132985DC320D7F0B9578D6">Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6AB20B92D5E51CFDB063D40F3EB20CB9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C5CD365DA2EF24166BC89280D80D2273">
<mods:roleTerm id="66DC2CB4F92C4D4C35C2D9D05B2D72AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1233D0D3B31E3D27679E50775833071B">Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E6C46283F4CFD40EB0AD19DE4CDD2484" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AC04B86DC9DFBC1D7759BEFFC1D28AF3">
<mods:roleTerm id="E5E4CFB764EE0191F495D377922B946B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="67CE104EA2EDE6751852EA9F5E606D2E">Tauber, Maurice J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="84D940A77C1BB8A3BEBE907F66F75AA9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C8BE07CABBBB8F561F73E2AD6EB6C86A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5A3C08F1AED07BCBA8ED1565CF279CC2">
<mods:title id="C4E418277963E6BEABE3A9779DB328F3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ED93C392691D8AB2535A57CE9AA5E30F">
<mods:date id="62087161EB4BB95E678EBFB1A6D6F9E9">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="09519E91C38260AB4308B504A7D4BDB8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="78175EF1BF7F92113280A42315C8CA50">3750</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D0EA1B266C03255B3161E127E972DA11" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2624AD963DBA6DFA960CE0A143E42AF7">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C8016B6B3870E08ECA2F4826F4FB6959" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C6FB5B2A5E2AF4469CD17D3DF8A52653">101</mods:start>
<mods:end id="37A0D68816DC822914E7D9771E73F9E2">129</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7249197050DF6291EC8FF2CD52149330">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9E90CC6E514F0F420649779766AA2398" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3750.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="57576CF00AFB9EF63ECDF5A4DA23C352" type="GBIF-Dataset">bcdcc503-9dad-4bef-834b-cdc1a07485dd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19BB920E59A3855AF750844EC0F6A8EE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7E5A70D0AE8720B49559B199EE014EED" type="Zenodo-Dep">248024</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F1A7AF1792A244C1FE7C42B1755BED31" type="ZooBank">F01C254C-7CCA-4669-8C30-BF61180BD675</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0129879FF606FFD40BDAFCA11E5FD06B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677363" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119584643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677363" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0129879FF606FFD40BDAFCA11E5FD06B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0129879FF606FFD40BDAFCA11E5FD06B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="C19A6502F606FFD70BDAFCA11C6CD45D" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70BDAFCA11E02D12D" blockId="16.[151,790,835,895]" box="[151,790,835,862]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="D27781E5F606FFD70BDAFCA11E02D12D" bold="true" box="[151,790,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70BDAFCA11E02D12D" ID-CoL="725NM" authority="Walker, 1853" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,790,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis" subGenus="Leucochrysa">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BDAFCA11E02D12D" bold="true" box="[151,790,835,862]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BDAFCA11C26D12E" bold="true" box="[151,306,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Leucochrysa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70A0EFCA11CCAD12E" bold="true" box="[323,478,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Leucochrysa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70AA3FCA11F4CD12E" bold="true" box="[494,600,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
(Walker, 1853)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70BDAFC841C24D10C" blockId="16.[151,790,835,895]" box="[151,304,870,895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70BDAFC841DCAD10C" box="[151,222,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,712,734]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,690]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,445,691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Prothorax of third instar of four Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) species. A. L. (L.) nigrilabris; B. L. (L.) insularis; C. L. (L.) varia; D. L. (L.) boxi [A, C, D, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; B, North Carolina, United States]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248033/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Figs 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70BA7FC851C24D10C" box="[234,304,871,895]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStart-3="FIGURE 16" captionStart-4="FIGURE 17" captionStart-5="FIGURE 18" captionStart-6="FIGURE 19" captionStart-7="FIGURE 20" captionStart-8="FIGURE 21" captionStart-9="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1438,1460]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1560,1582]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionStartId-5="22.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionStartId-6="23.[151,250,1395,1417]" captionStartId-7="24.[151,250,864,886]" captionStartId-8="24.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionStartId-9="25.[151,250,758,780]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,517,1416]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,661,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,591,1534]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,195,1366]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,841,1817]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,193,1154]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,319,1361]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetBox-8="[618,969,997,1906]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1436,193,736]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[151,1436,517,1417]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[151,1436,661,1539]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[188,1398,591,1534]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1436,195,1367]" captionTargetId-4="figure@21.[151,1436,841,1818]" captionTargetId-5="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1155]" captionTargetId-6="figure@23.[151,1436,319,1362]" captionTargetId-7="figure@24.[151,1436,193,843]" captionTargetId-8="figure@24.[617,970,997,1906]" captionTargetId-9="figure@25.[151,1436,193,736]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionTargetPageId-5="22" captionTargetPageId-6="23" captionTargetPageId-7="24" captionTargetPageId-8="24" captionTargetPageId-9="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis holotype (male), Jamaica, BMNH. A. Head, prothorax, dorsal; B. Head, frontal; C. Head, prothorax, lateral; D. Forewing; E. Hindwing; F. Terminal segments of abdomen, lateral; G. Terminus of ninth abdominal sternite, ventral; H. Labels." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, variation in head and thoracic coloration. A-C. Head, thorax, dorsal; D-G. Head, frontal [note the polymorphic coloration of the mesoscutellum (Figs A-C, partially obscured by pins).] [A, D. Jefferson County, FL, female (prob); B, C, E, G. Dominican Republic (B, E, G, females; C, male); F. State of Veracruz, Mexico, female]." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, wings, body, dorsal [Santiago, Cuba, male]." captionText-3="FIGURE 16. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, male abdomen and genitalia. A. Abdomen, lateral; B. Terminal abdominal segments, lateral; C. Callus cerci; D. Hypandrium internum; E. Gonarcus, lateral; F. Gonarcus, dorsal; G. Gonarcus, dorsofrontal, with sclerotized plates and connecting semi-sclerotized membrane bearing gonocristae; H. Gonarcus, dorsal, with sclerotized plates and connecting semi-sclerotized membrane bearing gonocristae [note two patches of gonosetae on membrane below mediuncus] [A, B, G, Cuba; C-F, H, Dominican Republic]. Abbreviations: bk, beak-like tip of mediuncus; c, comes; c. c., callus cerci; d. a., dorsal apodeme of T 9 + ect; fl, mediuncal flange; gs, gonarcus; gse, gonosetae on small chalazae; g. a., gonarcal apodeme; g. b., gonarcal bridge; m, membranous connection between sclerotized plates, with gonocristae; mu, mediuncus (fused rods and beak); s. p., sclerotized plate on membrane above tip of S 8 + 9; S 8 + 9, fused eighth and ninth sternites; tr, trichobothria; T 7, seventh tergite; T 9 + ect, fused ninth tergite and ectoproct." captionText-4="FIGURE 17. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis female abdomen. A. Fourth to terminal segments, lateral; B. Sixth to terminal segments, lateral; C. Callus cerci; D. Subgenitale, lateral, with genitalia removed [A, B. Dominican Republic, mature specimens; C. Dominican Republic, slightly teneral specimen; D. Veracruz, Mexico, teneral specimen]. Abbreviations: g. l., gonapophysis lateralis; sg, subgenitale; sg-bl, bilobed, dorsal process of subgenitale; sg-v, protruding ventral process of subgenitale; sp, spermatheca; sp. d., spermathecal duct; S 7, seventh sternite; tr, trichobothria; T 5, T 6, fifth and sixth tergites; T 9 + ect, fused ninth tergite and ectoproct." captionText-5="FIGURE 18. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis female genitalia. A. Spermatheca, lateral; B. Spermatheca, dorsal; C. Dissected genitalia, bursa copulatrix (torn); D. Colleterial complex, lateral [all, Veracruz, Mexico]. Abbreviations: acc. gl., colleterial accessory gland; b. c., bursa copulatrix; b. d., bursal duct; b. gl., bursal gland; col. gl., colleterial gland; col. r., colleterial reservoir; g. l., gonapophysis lateralis; inv, spermathecal invagination; slit, dorsal slit in spermathecal vellum that opens to bursa copulatrix; sp, spermatheca; sp. d., spermathecal duct; tr. s., transverse sclerite; vel, velum." captionText-6="FIGURE 19. Species-specific genital characteristics of Leucochrysa (L.) insularis (left column) and L. (L.) nigrilabris (right column). A, B. Gonarcal complex; C, D. Subgenitale [A, C. Dominican Republic; B, D. Aragua, Venezuela]. Abbreviations: bk, beak-like tip of mediuncus; gc, gonocornu; g. a., gonarcal apodeme; g. b., gonarcal bridge; mu, mediuncus (fused rods and beak); sg-bl, bilobed, dorsal process of subgenitale; sg-v, protruding ventral process of subgenitale; sp, spermatheca." captionText-7="FIGURE 20. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar. A. Head, dorsal; B. Head, ventral; C. Head, lateral; D. Head and prothorax; E. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments A 1 – A 5; F. Abdominal segments 1 – 10, dorsal [all, North Carolina, USA]. Abbreviations: Ax, abdominal segment number; T 1 LT, prothoracic lateral tubercle; T 3, metathorax." captionText-8="FIGURE 21. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis cluster of hatched eggs; stalk length ~ 1 cm [Honey Island Swamp, St. Tammany Parish, LA]. Photo by Mark S. Fox." captionText-9="FIGURE 22. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar with debris packet containing snails. A. Dorsal; B. Lateral. [Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain Co., NC]. Photo by Daniel C. Dourson." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248037/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248038/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248039/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/248040/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/248041/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/248042/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/248043/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/248044/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/248045/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/248046/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">13–22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70BDAFC4D1F88D640" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BDAFC4D1E69D1B4" bold="true" box="[151,893,942,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BDAFC4D1C44D1B4" bold="true" box="[151,336,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
L. (L.) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70BA6FC4C1C44D1B4" box="[235,336,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">insularis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
taxonomic history &amp; geographic distribution.
</emphasis>
Adams (1977) and Tauber (2004) provided the taxonomic history of the species and redescribed the adults based on the 
<typeStatus id="563B882BF606FFD708AEFC311907D198" box="[995,1043,979,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
specimen and other material. The 
<typeStatus id="563B882BF606FFD70BDAFC151DD3D67C" box="[151,199,1015,1039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BBDFC151C13D67D" box="[240,263,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70A54FC151C24D67D" box="[281,304,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70A0FFC141CB0D67C" box="[322,420,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70A0FFC141CB0D67C" box="[322,420,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male, BMNH) is in relatively poor condition; it appears to be teneral, and its body was damaged by dermestids. See images (
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70976FBF81F9BD640" box="[571,655,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1438,1460]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,517,1417]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis holotype (male), Jamaica, BMNH. A. Head, prothorax, dorsal; B. Head, frontal; C. Head, prothorax, lateral; D. Forewing; E. Hindwing; F. Terminal segments of abdomen, lateral; G. Terminus of ninth abdominal sternite, ventral; H. Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248037/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AFBDC1DD7D6B0" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
Adams (1977) and Tauber (2004) also illustrated the male and female genitalia and documented significant geographic variation in the species’ adult coloration. To help facilitate comparisons, here we provide images of the 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BDAFB651DBAD6ED" box="[151,174,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BF0FB651DC0D6ED" box="[189,212,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70BA9FB641C52D6EC" box="[228,326,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BA9FB641C52D6EC" box="[228,326,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult color polymorphism (
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70930FB641FDBD6EC" box="[637,719,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1560,1582]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,661,1539]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, variation in head and thoracic coloration. A-C. Head, thorax, dorsal; D-G. Head, frontal [note the polymorphic coloration of the mesoscutellum (Figs A-C, partially obscured by pins).] [A, D. Jefferson County, FL, female (prob); B, C, E, G. Dominican Republic (B, E, G, females; C, male); F. State of Veracruz, Mexico, female]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248038/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), wing markings (
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD708D4FB641EFED6EC" box="[921,1002,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,591,1534]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[188,1398,591,1534]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, wings, body, dorsal [Santiago, Cuba, male]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248039/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), and genitalia (♂: 
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70F8FFB641807D6EC" box="[1218,1299,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1366]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,195,1367]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis, male abdomen and genitalia. A. Abdomen, lateral; B. Terminal abdominal segments, lateral; C. Callus cerci; D. Hypandrium internum; E. Gonarcus, lateral; F. Gonarcus, dorsal; G. Gonarcus, dorsofrontal, with sclerotized plates and connecting semi-sclerotized membrane bearing gonocristae; H. Gonarcus, dorsal, with sclerotized plates and connecting semi-sclerotized membrane bearing gonocristae [note two patches of gonosetae on membrane below mediuncus] [A, B, G, Cuba; C-F, H, Dominican Republic]. Abbreviations: bk, beak-like tip of mediuncus; c, comes; c. c., callus cerci; d. a., dorsal apodeme of T 9 + ect; fl, mediuncal flange; gs, gonarcus; gse, gonosetae on small chalazae; g. a., gonarcal apodeme; g. b., gonarcal bridge; m, membranous connection between sclerotized plates, with gonocristae; mu, mediuncus (fused rods and beak); s. p., sclerotized plate on membrane above tip of S 8 + 9; S 8 + 9, fused eighth and ninth sternites; tr, trichobothria; T 7, seventh tergite; T 9 + ect, fused ninth tergite and ectoproct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248040/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
; ♀: 
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70E0FFB641883D6EC" box="[1346,1431,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,841,1818]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 17. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis female abdomen. A. Fourth to terminal segments, lateral; B. Sixth to terminal segments, lateral; C. Callus cerci; D. Subgenitale, lateral, with genitalia removed [A, B. Dominican Republic, mature specimens; C. Dominican Republic, slightly teneral specimen; D. Veracruz, Mexico, teneral specimen]. Abbreviations: g. l., gonapophysis lateralis; sg, subgenitale; sg-bl, bilobed, dorsal process of subgenitale; sg-v, protruding ventral process of subgenitale; sp, spermatheca; sp. d., spermathecal duct; S 7, seventh sternite; tr, trichobothria; T 5, T 6, fifth and sixth tergites; T 9 + ect, fused ninth tergite and ectoproct." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248041/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70BDAFB491DA2D6B0" box="[151,182,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis female genitalia. A. Spermatheca, lateral; B. Spermatheca, dorsal; C. Dissected genitalia, bursa copulatrix (torn); D. Colleterial complex, lateral [all, Veracruz, Mexico]. Abbreviations: acc. gl., colleterial accessory gland; b. c., bursa copulatrix; b. d., bursal duct; b. gl., bursal gland; col. gl., colleterial gland; col. r., colleterial reservoir; g. l., gonapophysis lateralis; inv, spermathecal invagination; slit, dorsal slit in spermathecal vellum that opens to bursa copulatrix; sp, spermatheca; sp. d., spermathecal duct; tr. s., transverse sclerite; vel, velum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248042/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AFB2C1EB9D720" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70B8AFB2C1C42D694" box="[199,342,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AFB2C1C42D694" box="[199,342,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Leucochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70A26FB2D1C96D695" box="[363,386,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70ADBFB2C1CEDD694" box="[406,505,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70ADBFB2C1CEDD694" box="[406,505,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs throughout the eastern and central states of the 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F606FFD70FDDFB2C183FD694" box="[1168,1323,1230,1255]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">United States</collectingCountry>
(north to Massachusetts and Nebraska, south to Texas and Florida), eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F606FFD708C9FB101ECED778" box="[900,986,1266,1291]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Mexico</collectingCountry>
[Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz (new state record)], and the West Indies (
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F606FFD70981FAF41E1FD75C" box="[716,779,1302,1327]" name="Cuba" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F606FFD7085BFAF41EEAD75C" box="[790,1022,1302,1327]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F606FFD70F78FAF41980D75C" box="[1077,1172,1302,1327]" name="Jamaica" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
). Thus, 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70FA1FAF51817D75D" box="[1260,1283,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70E5EFAF5183ED75D" box="[1299,1322,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70E77FAF41888D75C" box="[1338,1436,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70E77FAF41888D75C" box="[1338,1436,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8BFADE1DC9D720" box="[198,221,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70BA0FADE1C10D720" box="[237,260,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70A59FAD81C98D720" box="[276,396,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilabris">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70A59FAD81C98D720" box="[276,396,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">nigrilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to have adjacent, allopatric distributions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AFABD1C6CD45D" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
Jones (1929) provided a well-illustrated larval description of 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD708C2FABD1EB1D705" box="[911,933,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD708F4FABD1EC4D705" box="[953,976,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD708AEFABC1951D704" box="[995,1093,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD708AEFABC1951D704" box="[995,1093,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70F36FABC1885D704" authority="Fitch" authorityName="Fitch" box="[1147,1425,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nodita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70F36FABC1821D705" box="[1147,1333,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Nodita virginica</emphasis>
(Fitch)
</taxonomicName>
]. Although it does not specify which instar (2nd or 3rd) is described, it contains fascinating information on both the morphology and biology of the larvae. The descriptions below are based on new material. The first instars were teneral and somewhat shriveled; their structures were not measured; many small setae were not visible. The third instar was teneral and not measured. For both instars, characteristics are as described above for 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70F83FA1019F1D47A" box="[1230,1253,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70FB8FA101818D47A" box="[1269,1292,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF606FFD70E50FA131881D479" box="[1309,1429,1521,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilabris">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70E50FA131881D479" box="[1309,1429,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">nigrilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except where noted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C19A6502F606FFD40B8AF9DB1E5FD06B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF9DB1FD0D421" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,708,1593,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF9DB1FD0D421" bold="true" box="[199,708,1593,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Description (First Instar, Semaphoront A).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF9BF1890D405" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,1412,1629,1654]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF9BF1C10D405" box="[199,260,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Head</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD70A5CF9BF1C61D406" box="[273,373,1629,1654]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD70A8DF9BC1F30D406" box="[448,548,1630,1654]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
long; mandibles 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD709ABF9BF1E5ED406" box="[742,842,1629,1654]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
long; ratio, mandible length: head width, ~1.02:1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF9631ECAD4E9" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,990,1665,1690]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF9631C0CD4E9" box="[199,280,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Thorax</emphasis>
. T1: S1 long, arising from large chalaza; S3, S4, S5 very short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF9471EF6D4CD" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,994,1701,1726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF9471C2CD4CD" box="[199,312,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Abdomen.</emphasis>
A6: Two short, straight setae anteriorly, no setae posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF92B1FDBD491" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,719,1737,1762]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF92B1FDBD491" bold="true" box="[199,719,1737,1762]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Description (Third Instar, Semaphoront B).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF90F1E60D575" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" box="[199,884,1773,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF90F1C12D575" box="[199,262,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Body.</emphasis>
Dorsum cream-colored to brown, with brown sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD70B8AF8F31C4AD5E5" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF8F31C10D559" box="[199,260,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70A5EF8F31C7DD559" box="[275,361,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,864,886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,843]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar. A. Head, dorsal; B. Head, ventral; C. Head, lateral; D. Head and prothorax; E. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments A 1 – A 5; F. Abdominal segments 1 – 10, dorsal [all, North Carolina, USA]. Abbreviations: Ax, abdominal segment number; T 1 LT, prothoracic lateral tubercle; T 3, metathorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248044/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Figs 20</figureCitation>
A–D). 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD70AFBF8F01F0FD55A" box="[438,539,1810,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD7092AF8F31FD8D55A" box="[615,716,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
long, mandibles 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF606FFD708C3F8F31926D55A" box="[910,1074,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="16" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.505" valueMax="1.53" valueMin="1.48">1.48–1.53 mm</quantity>
(right-left) long; ratio mandible length: head width, 1.12:1.0. Genal marking light brown, diffuse, extending broadly toward eye and ventral margin of cranium. All stemmata, including posteroventral one, surrounded by brown outline. Posterior section of cranium densely spiculate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F606FFD60B8AF8431CC6D2A6" blockId="16.[151,1436,942,2014]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF606FFD70B8AF8431C0CD5C9" box="[199,280,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF606FFD70A66F8431C92D5C9" box="[299,390,1953,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,864,886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,843]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar. A. Head, dorsal; B. Head, ventral; C. Head, lateral; D. Head and prothorax; E. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments A 1 – A 5; F. Abdominal segments 1 – 10, dorsal [all, North Carolina, USA]. Abbreviations: Ax, abdominal segment number; T 1 LT, prothoracic lateral tubercle; T 3, metathorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248044/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">Figs 20</figureCitation>
D, E). Large sclerites Sc1 (prothorax), Sc3 (mesothorax), Sc2 (metathorax) brown, shiny; markings on venter not visible. Setae associated with small sclerites between segments and subsegments not readily observed. LTs spiculate; LS smooth basally becoming slightly salebrose distally, with tips mostly curly, sometimes with small hook.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F607FFD60B8AFF021C4DD3A3" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
T1: Sc1 large, extending laterally to base of LT; S1Sc1 long, robust, S2Sc1 very short. LT with 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60FA6FF031812D28B" box="[1259,1286,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">ca</emphasis>
22 LS (
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60E12FF03186DD28B" box="[1375,1401,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">ca</emphasis>
10 apical, 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60BA5FEE71C17D36F" box="[232,259,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">ca</emphasis>
12 lateral). Primary setae S1 long, robust; S2 short; S3, S4, S5 very short. T2: Posterior row with 6 setae – 4 long, robust, straight to curvey, arising from 2 pairs of large, plump, juxtaposed chalazae, and 2 short, straight, arising from mesal margin of mesal chalazae. LT bearing 20–24 LS (8 apical, 14–16 lateral). T3: Anterior row with two intermediate-length, robust setae; posterior row with 12 long, robust, hooked setae arising from large, plump chalazae. LT bearing 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60AC6FE771CB2D3DF" box="[395,422,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">ca</emphasis>
20–23 LS (8–9 apical, 11–15 lateral). [Note: The ranges in setal counts are derived from paired tubercles.]
</paragraph>
<caption id="DDFF6601F607FFD60BDAFA7C1CBFD781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248037/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1416]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="893F3689F607FFD60BDAFA7C1CBFD781" blockId="17.[151,1436,1438,1522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60BDAFA7C1C35D7C7" bold="true" box="[151,289,1438,1460]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF607FFD60A64FA7C1CBED7C7" box="[297,426,1438,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60A64FA7C1CBED7C7" box="[297,426,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Leucochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60AF6FA7D1CC4D7C7" box="[443,464,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF607FFD60AADFA7C1F2DD7C7" box="[480,569,1438,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60AADFA7C1F2DD7C7" box="[480,569,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (male), Jamaica, BMNH. A. Head, prothorax, dorsal; B. Head, frontal; C. Head, prothorax, lateral; D. Forewing; E. Hindwing; F. Terminal segments of abdomen, lateral; G. Terminus of ninth abdominal sternite, ventral; H. Labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="893F3689F607FFD60B8AF9FB186DD425" blockId="17.[151,1436,1561,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60B8AF9FB1C25D441" box="[199,305,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF607FFD60A0CF9FB1C8DD442" box="[321,409,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,864,886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,843]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar. A. Head, dorsal; B. Head, ventral; C. Head, lateral; D. Head and prothorax; E. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments A 1 – A 5; F. Abdominal segments 1 – 10, dorsal [all, North Carolina, USA]. Abbreviations: Ax, abdominal segment number; T 1 LT, prothoracic lateral tubercle; T 3, metathorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248044/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Figs 20</figureCitation>
E, F). SMS of A1–A6 robust, hooked, arising from plump chalazae; A1–A5: LDT plump, with two long, hooked, robust LDS, one microseta between LDS. [Note: The right LDT bore 3 full-sized LDS.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F607FFD60B8AF9831C7DD506" blockId="17.[151,1436,1561,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">A2–A3: LT with seven to eight long, robust LS, four shorter, straight setae basally. Dorsum with anterior row of seven to ten (A2, A3) SMS, mesal row of four (A2, A3), posterior row of eight (A2, A3) between LDTs. A4–A5: LT with nine to ten (A4), six (A5) robust, hooked or straight LS apically, dorsally, one to four short, straight LS basally. LDS long, robust, hooked. Dorsum with anterior row of eight (A4, A5) long SMS, mesal row of four SMS, posterior row of eleven to eight SMS (A4, A5) between LDTs. A6: Anterior row of three intermediate-length SMS, no other SMS. A7: LDT with one long, robust, straight LDS, two short, straight LDS. Two to three pairs of very small setae between spiracles. A8: Row of four short, robust setae between spiracles. Posterior margin with four short, robust setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F607FFD60B8AF8631F0FD591" blockId="17.[151,1436,1561,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60B8AF8631C96D5E9" bold="true" box="[199,386,1921,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Biological notes</emphasis>
. Like 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60A87F8601CF5D5EA" box="[458,481,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60ABDF8601F13D5EA" box="[496,519,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF607FFD6095AF8631F9BD5E9" box="[535,655,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrilabris">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD6095AF8631F9BD5E9" box="[535,655,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">nigrilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females, 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD609B6F8601E06D5EA" box="[763,786,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD6086CF8601E2CD5EA" box="[801,824,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF607FFD60805F8631EBED5E9" box="[840,938,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF607FFD60805F8631EBED5E9" box="[840,938,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females lay their eggs in clusters at the ends of long, intertwined stalks [Mark S. Fox, personal communication; his photos here (
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF607FFD60FC0F84719F0D5CD" box="[1165,1252,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[618,969,997,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[617,970,997,1906]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 21. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis cluster of hatched eggs; stalk length ~ 1 cm [Honey Island Swamp, St. Tammany Parish, LA]. Photo by Mark S. Fox." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248045/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) and on http:// bugguide.net/node/view/350432)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F604FFD50B8AFF7B1902D013" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50B8AFF7B1DCAD2C3" box="[199,222,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BBDFF7B1C13D2C3" box="[240,263,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A57FF751C68D2C3" box="[282,380,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A57FF751C68D2C3" box="[282,380,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae have been found in leaf litter, and their debris packets consist largely of small snail shells, and sometimes live snails. Jones (1929, 1941) reported the following snail species from specimens collected in Vinton and Washington Counties, Ohio: 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD509D4FF03191FD28B" authority="H. B. Baker" authorityName="H. B. Baker" box="[665,1035,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Punctum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD509D4FF031E49D28B" box="[665,861,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Punctum vitreum</emphasis>
(H. B. 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F604FFD5088DFF3D1911D28B" box="[960,1029,223,248]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Baker</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50F08FF031885D28B" authority="Drap." authorityName="Drap." box="[1093,1425,224,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Punctum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50F08FF031839D28B" box="[1093,1325,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Punctum pygmaeum</emphasis>
(Drap.)
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50BDAFEE61CD3D36E" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[151,455,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BDAFEE61C4FD36E" box="[151,347,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Euconulus fulvus</emphasis>
(Müller)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A9BFEE71FEED36F" authority="Morse" authorityName="Morse" box="[470,762,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Striatura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="milium">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A9BFEE71F86D36E" box="[470,658,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Striatura milium</emphasis>
(Morse)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50844FEE6192DD36F" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[777,1081,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exiguum">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50844FEE61EFBD36F" box="[777,1007,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Carychium exiguum</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50F04FEE61883D36F" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[1097,1431,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Strobilopsidae" genus="Strobilops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="labyrinthica">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50F04FEE6185AD36E" box="[1097,1358,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Strobilops labyrinthica</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50BDAFEC51CF1D333" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[151,485,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Cochlicopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubrica">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BDAFEC51C62D333" box="[151,374,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Cochlicopa lubrica</emphasis>
(Müller)
</taxonomicName>
. Archer (1938) reported the following snail species from larvae that are almost certainly 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A4FFEAF1C0ED317" box="[258,282,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A61FEAF1C56D317" box="[300,322,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A18FEAE1CA3D316" box="[341,439,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A18FEAE1CA3D316" box="[341,439,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in North Carolina and Alabama: 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50809FEAE1984D317" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[836,1168,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Glyphyalinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="indentata">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50809FEAE195ED316" box="[836,1098,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Glyphyalinia indentata</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50F89FEAE1C07D3FB" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Retinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="indentata" subSpecies="paucilirata">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50F89FEAE1C07D3FB" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Retinella indentata paucilirata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A61FE8D1FC3D3FB" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[300,727,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Glyphyalinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A61FE8D1F5BD3FB" box="[300,591,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Glyphyalinia carolinensis</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50844FE93193CD3FB" box="[777,1064,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Glyphyalinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="carolinensis" subSpecies="wetherbyi">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50844FE93193CD3FB" box="[777,1064,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">R. carolinensis wetherbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50F82FE8D1C2FD3DE" authority="Shuttleworth" authorityName="Shuttleworth" class="Gastropoda" family="Polygyridae" genus="Inflectarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rugeli">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50F82FE8D1888D3FB" box="[1231,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Inflectarius rugeli</emphasis>
(Shuttleworth)
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A24FE761F0ED3DE" box="[361,538,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polygyridae" genus="Polygyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rugeli">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A24FE761F0ED3DE" box="[361,538,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Polygyra rugeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD5097FFE771E89D3DE" authority="A. Binney" authorityName="A. Binney" box="[562,925,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zonitidae" genus="Hawaiia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD5097FFE771E19D3DE" box="[562,781,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Hawaiia minuscula</emphasis>
(A. Binney)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD508E4FE77198DD3DE" authority="Dall" authorityName="Dall" box="[937,1177,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Guppya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterkii">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD508E4FE77195BD3DE" box="[937,1103,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Guppya sterkii</emphasis>
(Dall)
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50F85FE76189FD3DE" box="[1224,1419,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sterkii">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50F85FE76189FD3DE" box="[1224,1419,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Euconulus sterkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50BDAFE551CDDD3A3" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[151,457,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Euconulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chersinus">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BDAFE551C95D3A3" box="[151,385,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Euconulus chersinus</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50945FE5B1E52D3A3" authority="A. Binney" authorityName="A. Binney" box="[520,838,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vertiginidae" genus="Vertigo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gouldii">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50945FE5B1FA5D3A3" box="[520,689,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Vertigo gouldii</emphasis>
(A. Binney)
</taxonomicName>
. The third instar (described here, collected in Swain County, North Carolina) also carried mainly small snail shells in its packet (
<figureCitation id="11BB2A0CF604FFD50F5CFE3E197CD387" box="[1041,1128,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="25.[151,250,758,780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,736]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,736]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 22. Leucochrysa (L.) insularis third instar with debris packet containing snails. A. Dorsal; B. Lateral. [Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain Co., NC]. Photo by Daniel C. Dourson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248046/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); D. C. Dourson (personal communication, 2005) identified them as 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50938FE1D1EB9D06B" authority="Hubricht" authorityName="Hubricht" box="[629,941,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clappi">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50938FE1D1E55D06B" box="[629,833,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Carychium clappi</emphasis>
Hubricht
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD508F0FDE21817D06B" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[957,1283,512,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vertiginidae" genus="Gastrocopta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD508F0FDE219A9D06B" box="[957,1213,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Gastrocopta contracta</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50E5EFDE21DC7D04F" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" class="Gastropoda" family="Vertiginidae" genus="Gastrocopta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pentadon">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50E5EFDE21888D06B" box="[1299,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">G. pentadon</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50BAAFDC71F74D04F" authority="Pilsbry, P." authorityName="Pilsbry, P." box="[231,608,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Punctum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="blandianum">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BAAFDC71CC9D04E" box="[231,477,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Punctum blandianum</emphasis>
Pilsbry, 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50906FDC71F74D04F" box="[587,608,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
minutissimum (I. Lea), and 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD508FAFDC71938D04F" box="[951,1068,549,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Punctum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitreum">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD508FAFDC71938D04F" box="[951,1068,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">P. vitreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For systematic and biological information on many of the snails listed above, see Dourson &amp; Dourson (2006).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DDFF6601F604FFD50BDAF9FA1850D41F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248038/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[151,1436,661,1538]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="893F3689F604FFD50BDAF9FA1850D41F" blockId="18.[151,1436,1560,1644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50BDAF9FA1C36D45D" bold="true" box="[151,290,1560,1582]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50A61F9FA1CB9D45D" box="[300,429,1560,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A61F9FA1CB9D45D" box="[300,429,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">Leucochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50AF2F9F81CC0D45C" box="[447,468,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50AA8F9FA1F2AD45D" box="[485,574,1560,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50AA8F9FA1F2AD45D" box="[485,574,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, variation in head and thoracic coloration. A-C. Head, thorax, dorsal; D-G. Head, frontal [note the polymorphic coloration of the mesoscutellum (Figs A-C, partially obscured by pins).] [A, D. Jefferson County, FL, female (prob); B, C, E, G. Dominican Republic (B, E, G, females; C, male); F. State of Veracruz, Mexico, female].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="893F3689F604FFD50B8AF9761916D513" blockId="18.[151,1436,1683,2032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">
In addition to snail shells, body parts from a diverse array of insects also are reported from the packets. Jones (1941) described the behavior involved in applying the snail shells to the larval dorsum. He observed that the shells were held to the larval setae via silken strands; he suggested that the strands originate from a fluid that the tip of the abdomen applies to the shell and that hardens on the snail shell. He also stated that larvae feed on snails and that sometimes larvae carry living snails in the packet which are later removed and eaten. Finally, Jones (1941) mentioned that 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A08F8AA1C48D52C" box="[325,348,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50A21F8AA1C97D52C" box="[364,387,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">L.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4E804D0AF604FFD50ADEF8A51CE1D513" box="[403,501,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leucochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50ADEF8A51CE1D513" box="[403,501,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae overwinter hidden within coiled leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="893F3689F604FFD40B8AF8891E5FD06B" blockId="18.[151,1436,1683,2032]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50B8AF88919FDD5F7" bold="true" box="[199,1257,1899,1924]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">
Specimens examined (adults and larvae, in addition to the 
<typeStatus id="563B882BF604FFD508C9F8891EAED5F7" box="[900,954,1899,1924]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">type</typeStatus>
). 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F604FFD50882F88919BAD5F7" box="[975,1198,1899,1924]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50FF4F88919FDD5F7" bold="true" box="[1209,1257,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">GA:</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Richmond Co., Augusta, 
<date id="FD3E1049F604FFD50A44F86D1C62D5DB" box="[265,374,1935,1960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" value="1968-05-24">24.v.1968</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F604FFD50AC2F8721CA7D5DB" box="[399,435,1936,1960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, AMNH); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50977F8721F70D5D4" bold="true" box="[570,612,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">KY:</emphasis>
Carter Co., along Little Sandy River below Grayson Dam (US-CI), 
<date id="FD3E1049F604FFD50BDAF8511C34D5BF" box="[151,288,1971,1996]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" value="1995-08-10">10.viii.1995</date>
, B. C. Kondratieff &amp; R. F. Kirchner (1♀, COSU); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50815F8511E92D5B8" bold="true" box="[856,902,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">LA:</emphasis>
St. Tammany Parish, Honey Island Swamp, M. Fox, 
<date id="FD3E1049F604FFD50B9EF8351C57D583" box="[211,323,2007,2032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" value="2009-10-26">26.x.2009</date>
(♀) (1♀, cluster of hatched eggs laid in lab, 6 neonates, unfed; UCB); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF604FFD50FCCF83A19BAD59C" bold="true" box="[1153,1198,2008,2031]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="119">MI:</emphasis>
Hinds Co., Jackson, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40BDAFF751C34D2C3" box="[151,288,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1968-08-24">24.viii.1968</date>
, B. Mather (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD40AFAFF7A1CCFD2C3" box="[439,475,152,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, prob., AMNH); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD409E8FF751FC1D2C3" bold="true" box="[677,725,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">NC:</emphasis>
Swain Co., Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob Survey / Site #28, Sap Tree 00ZING 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40932FF5E1FD8D2A6" box="[639,716,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="2005-06-09">9-6-05</date>
, D. Dourson (1L3, UCB, on loan from Great Smoky Mountains National Park); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40A03FF021C6DD28B" bold="true" box="[334,377,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">VA:</emphasis>
Federick Co. Rt. 50, Back Cr., 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD409A7FF3D1E7FD28B" box="[746,875,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1980-07-16">16.vii.1980</date>
, Kondratieff (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD40F42FF021927D28B" box="[1039,1075,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, COSU). 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40FE8FF3D1888D284" bold="true" box="[1189,1436,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F605FFD40FE8FF3D180AD28B" box="[1189,1310,223,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40E61FF021888D284" bold="true" box="[1324,1436,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Veracruz:</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Córdoba, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40A48FEE61C62D36E" box="[261,374,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1966-10-11">11.x.1966</date>
, A. &amp; B. Lan (1♀, ROM). 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD409ECFEE61921D36F" bold="true" box="[673,1077,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F605FFD409ECFEE61EF2D36E" box="[673,998,260,285]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD408BCFEE61921D36F" bold="true" box="[1009,1077,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Azua:</emphasis>
</emphasis>
East side of crest, Sierra Martin Garcia, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD40BBCFECA1C3FD333" box="[241,299,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
WNW Barrero, k18-21N, 70–50W, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD40987FEC51E18D333" box="[714,780,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="860.0">860m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40854FEC51ED1D333" box="[793,965,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1992-07-25" valueMax="1992-07-26" valueMin="1992-07-25">25–26.vii.1992</date>
, cloud forest adjacent to disturbed forest, C. Young, R. Davidson, S. Thompson, J. Rawlins (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD4099AFEAE1FE8D316" box="[727,764,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
, 8♀, CMNH); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD408EAFEAE1904D310" bold="true" box="[935,1040,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">La Vega:</emphasis>
Jarabacoá, 4000’, ex vegetation, J. Doyen (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD40BBAFE921C0FD3FB" box="[247,283,368,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, prob., UCB); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40A80FE8D1F5ED3F4" bold="true" box="[461,586,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">San Juan:</emphasis>
Estrelleta, Rio Limpio, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD40827FE8D1EA3D3F4" box="[874,951,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD4088AFE8D1944D3FB" box="[967,1104,367,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1980-08-15">15.viii.1980</date>
, A. Norrbom (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD40E4FFE921833D3FB" box="[1282,1319,368,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, CMNH); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40BDAFE711C13D3DF" bold="true" box="[151,263,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Santiago:</emphasis>
Cordillera Septentrional, Pico Diego de Ocampo, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD4081EFE761EB1D3DE" box="[851,933,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="km" value="1.1">1.1 km</quantity>
E. summit, 19.35.06N, 70.44.23M, 
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD40E06FE76188CD3DF" box="[1355,1432,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.58" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="958.0">958 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40BDAFE5A1C13D3A3" box="[151,263,440,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="2004-05-31">31.v.2004</date>
, J. Rawlins, C. Young, C. Nunez, J. Fetzner (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD4084CFE5A1E31D3A3" box="[769,805,440,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, CMNH); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD408D1FE55199DD3A3" bold="true" box="[924,1161,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Santiago Rodriguez:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4E789B6CF605FFD40FDDFE5A19DDD3A3" box="[1168,1225,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
from Moncion, nr. Mao River, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40A6CFE3E1C87D386" box="[289,403,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1986-10-23">23.x.1986</date>
, R. Greenfield (1?, BPBM); 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD409ACFE391ED3D387" bold="true" box="[737,967,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Province unknown:</emphasis>
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD4089DFE3E1951D386" box="[976,1093,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1978-02-20">20.ii.1978</date>
, S. A. 
<collectingCountry id="F1977619F605FFD40FDBFE3E19EED386" box="[1174,1274,476,501]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">Marshall</collectingCountry>
(1♀, DEBU). 
<emphasis id="BBF4EA9BF605FFD40BDAFE1D1C22D06B" bold="true" box="[151,310,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120">UNKNOWN.</emphasis>
Sanchez, 
<date id="FD3E1049F605FFD40AE5FE1D1F13D06B" box="[424,519,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" value="1915-12">xii.1915</date>
, ac. 4806 (
<specimenCount id="9F86FD00F605FFD409CEFDE21FB3D06B" box="[643,679,512,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="120" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 1♀, AMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>