204 lines
27 KiB
XML
204 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="C4A188A8B3F238BF74516FE3B75D5EBB" ID-CLB-Dataset="100956" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6867065" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d520847-5163-4b5c-87bf-2cdceb781098" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867065" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1658256599114" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="CE199B17FF99FF9DFAE4696CFB8DF26D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Cercopithecidae_0550.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Presbytis hosei" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="717" masterDocId="3220E36FFFC1FFC4FF596510FFB7FFFC" masterDocTitle="Cercopithecidae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="550" pageNumber="716" updateTime="1699359875441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1396F438285609457C4B28E7478AF62D">
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<mods:title id="60C207B92A4AD501EE5BAE0CCA7777AF">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F58A894C7220FC3FB1373F6E7310A84B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3420038E7B2937E566DDC7A0AD9FC78D">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF39C330D9BA734D79CD33A6EFA8345E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0684DAF98C604A779ADEF7876571641E">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="0801B7DD9C2B0B99525C8F848BFF2F8B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="066E9564B671A637FB1DBF8D83ABD76D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="E4E6B049DFA5546B3185E03BAA8DD344">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF99FF9DFAE4696CFB8DF26D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF99FF9DFAE4696CFB8DF26D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF99FF9DFAE4696CFB8DF26D" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE4696CF9BAF356" blockId="88.[1464,2240,3196,3322]" box="[1469,1549,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE4696CF9BAF356" box="[1469,1549,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF99FF9CFAE4696CF9BAF356" box="[1469,1549,3196,3242]" captionStart="Plate 47: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="87.[100,130,3411,3432]" captionTargetBox="[13,2745,15,3644]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="5. 5- 6 kg ( females ). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is red- dish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth — a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur ( Presbytis hoset (null), 6. [MISSING], 7. [MISSING], 8. [MISSING], 9. [MISSING], 10. [MISSING], 11. [MISSING], 12. [MISSING], 13. [MISSING], 14. [MISSING], 15. [MISSING], 16. [MISSING], 17. [MISSING], 18. [MISSING], 19. [MISSING], 20. [MISSING], 21. [MISSING], 22. [MISSING], 23. [MISSING], 24. [MISSING], 25. [MISSING], 26. [MISSING], 27. [MISSING], 28. [MISSING], 29. [MISSING], 30. [MISSING], 31. [MISSING], 32. [MISSING], 33. [MISSING], 34. [MISSING], 35. [MISSING], 36. [MISSING], 37. [MISSING], 38. [MISSING], 39. [MISSING], 40. [MISSING], 41. [MISSING], 42. [MISSING], 43. [MISSING], 44. [MISSING], 45. [MISSING], 46. [MISSING], 47. [MISSING], 48. [MISSING], 49. [MISSING], 50. [MISSING], 51. [MISSING], 52. [MISSING], 53. [MISSING], 54. [MISSING], 55. [MISSING], 56. [MISSING], 57. [MISSING], 58. [MISSING], 59. [MISSING], 60. [MISSING], 61. [MISSING], 62. [MISSING], 63. [MISSING], 64. [MISSING], 65. [MISSING], 66. [MISSING], 67. [MISSING], 68. [MISSING], 69. [MISSING], 70. [MISSING], 71. [MISSING], 72. [MISSING], 73. [MISSING], 74. [MISSING], 75. [MISSING], 76. [MISSING], 77. [MISSING], 78. [MISSING], 79. [MISSING], 80. [MISSING], 81. [MISSING], 82. [MISSING], 83. [MISSING], 84. [MISSING], 85. [MISSING], 86. [MISSING], 87. [MISSING], 88. [MISSING], 89. [MISSING], 90. [MISSING], 91. [MISSING], 92. [MISSING], 93. [MISSING], 94. [MISSING], 95. [MISSING], 96. [MISSING], 97. [MISSING], 98. [MISSING], 99. [MISSING], 100. [MISSING], 101. [MISSING], 102. [MISSING], 103. [MISSING], 105. Javan Langur (Presbytis comata), 106. Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), 107. Cross-marked Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas), 108. White-fronted Langur (Presbytis frontata), 109. Hose’s Langur (Presbytis hosei), 110. Miller’s Langur (Presbytis canicrus), 111. Sabah Grizzled Langur (Presbytis sabana), 112. Black-crested Sumatran Langur (Presbytis melalophos), 113. Black-and-white Langur (Presbytis bicolor), 114. Black Sumatran Langur (Presbytis sumatrana), 115. Mitered Langur (Presbytis mitrata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867463/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">109.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF947696CF8FAF356" box="[1566,1869,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF947696CF8FAF356" blockId="88.[1464,2240,3196,3322]" box="[1566,1869,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CF947696CF8FAF356" box="[1566,1869,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF947696CF8FAF356" box="[1566,1869,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Hose’s Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF826696CF735F356" box="[1919,2178,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF826696CF735F356" blockId="88.[1464,2240,3196,3322]" box="[1919,2178,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CF826696CF735F356" box="[1919,2178,3196,3242]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF826696CF735F356" ID-CoL="4MBB6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1919,2178,3196,3242]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF826696CF735F356" box="[1919,2178,3196,3242]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Presbytis hosei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE369ACF706F304" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE369ACF708F32D" blockId="88.[1464,2240,3196,3322]" box="[1466,2239,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE369ACF708F32D" box="[1466,2239,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE369ACF9B0F32D" bold="true" box="[1466,1543,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF94869ACF919F32D" box="[1553,1710,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Langur de Hose</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF99A69ACF8A8F32D" bold="true" box="[1731,1823,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF87169ACF810F32D" box="[1832,1959,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Hose-Langur</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CF8E269ACF7A0F32D" bold="true" box="[1979,2071,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF77869ACF708F32D" box="[2081,2239,3260,3281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Langur de Hose</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE369F3F706F304" blockId="88.[1464,2240,3196,3322]" box="[1466,2225,3299,3320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF99FF9CFAE369F3F706F304" box="[1466,2225,3299,3320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE369F3F907F304" bold="true" box="[1466,1712,3299,3320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF9E369F3F80AF304" box="[1722,1981,3299,3320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Gray/Hose's Leaf Monkey</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF99FF9CF89269F3F706F304" box="[1995,2225,3299,3320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Hose's Grizzled Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CFAE06839F787F2BA" box="[1465,2096,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CFAE06839F787F2BA" blockId="88.[1464,2671,3369,3484]" box="[1465,2096,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF99FF9CFAE06839F9E3F2BA" bold="true" box="[1465,1620,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF9386839F79CF2BA" authority="Thomas, 1889" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1889" box="[1633,2091,3369,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Semnopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">Semnopithecus hosei Thomas, 1889</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9CF7656839F627F2BA" box="[2108,2448,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9CF7656839F627F2BA" blockId="88.[1464,2671,3369,3484]" box="[2108,2448,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF99FF9CF7656839F627F2BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421354" box="[2108,2448,3369,3398]" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">Malaysia, Sarawak, Niah.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF99FF9DFAE0685DFE3EFC96" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF99FF9DFAE0685DFE3EFC96" blockId="88.[1464,2671,3369,3484]" lastBlockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="88" pageNumber="716">
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The forms
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF938685DF90BF292" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1633,1724,3405,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabana">sabana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CF856685DF8CEF292" box="[1807,1913,3405,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Semnopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicrus">canicrus</taxonomicName>
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that are commonly considered to be subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF99FF9CFAE36864F9AFF269" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1466,1560,3444,3477]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="88" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">P. hosei</taxonomicName>
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are in fact distinct species, based primarily on morphological differences. The population at the type locality evidently lacks sexual dichromatism, and on this basis, two subspecies have been distinguished:
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFC1D6487FC37FE44" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[836,896,407,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">hosei</taxonomicName>
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, supposed to be restricted to the region around Niah (possibly extending east to Brunei), lacking the sexual color difference, and everetti, named by O. Thomas in 1892, from the rest of the distribution of the species (inland eastern Sarawak, Brunei, west Sabah and northern Kalimantan) possessing it. Nevertheless, it is probable that ages of the crucial specimens, on which the distinction was made, were misunderstood; that is, they were young females instead of adults. The facial skin of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFE406631FECEFCBE" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[281,377,801,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">P. hosei</taxonomicName>
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is pinkish, except for black around eyes and bluish lips. Considered monotypic here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF036668FCD5FC1C" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF98FF9DFF036668FCD5FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867321/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" targetBox="[94,676,302,709]" targetPageId="89">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF036668FCD5FC1C" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF036668FEBDFC6D" bold="true" box="[90,266,888,913]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NW Borneo, W Sabah State (along W coast N to Mt Kinabalu), NE Brunei, and N Sarawak State (from its type locality Niah and the lower Baram River, E inland to 2° 40’ N, and the border with N Kalimantan).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF0366F6FD85FA44" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF0366F6FD85FA44" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF0366F6FEE0FBFB" bold="true" box="[90,343,998,1031]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 48-56 cm, tail 65-84 cm; weight 6-7 kg (males) and 5.5-6 kg (females). Hose’s Languris iron-gray, with whitish tips on its upper side, giving an overall grizzled effect. Underside is grayish to buffy-white, becoming white on inner sides of limbs, and hands and feet are black—this tone sometimes extending to lower parts of legs. Crown crest is black, with the remainder of the crown sometimes being blackish. Facial skin is pinkish on lower jaw and cheeks, and darker (reddish or black) elsewhere. Upperparts are uniformly grayish-black. Legs are darker distally, becoming black on feet. Tail is paler below than above. Hose’s Langur is sexually dichromatic, the male having the black color restricted to its crown, with the rest of the head being white, whereas in the female, the black area also covers nape and forehead, extending laterally to ears. Juveniles are colored like adult males; typical pattern of the adult female develops at maturity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF0260AFFBCFF959" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF0260AFFBCFF959" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF0260AFFF7DFA1C" bold="true" box="[91,202,1471,1504]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland to hill dipterocarp rainforest (Mount Kinabalu). Elevational range is sea level to ¢.1000 m, with occasional records to 1600 m (e.g. Crocker Range) and possibly higher. Hose’s Langurs occasionally enter plantations. They are sympatric with the Maroon Langur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFEDC6329FD9CF9AA" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[389,555,1593,1622]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubicunda">P. rubicunda</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the northern part of their distribution, the Crossmarked Langur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFE0F6370FDA7F981" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[342,528,1632,1661]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysomelas">P. chrysomelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the western part, and the White-fronted Langur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFF316394FF58F959" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[104,239,1668,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frontata">P. frontata</taxonomicName>
|
||
) elsewhere; but one or the other at any locality is absent or rare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF0263BBFB22F8BE" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF0263BBFB22F8BE" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF0263BBFED4F930" bold="true" box="[91,355,1707,1740]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Hose’s Langurs eat mainly young leaves, along with unripe fruits, seeds, flowers, bird eggs, and nestlings. Individuals churn up and eat mud around mineral springs, which results in the formation of stomach concretions known as “bezoars” that are sought after by local people for their supposed medicinal properties.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF026259FECAF86D" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF026259FECAF86D" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF026259FF56F896" bold="true" box="[91,225,1865,1898]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Infant Hose’s Langurs are white, with a black cruciform pattern across their backs and shoulders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF006287FCDAF844" box="[89,877,1943,1976]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF006287FCDAF844" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" box="[89,877,1943,1976]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF006287FEF3F844" bold="true" box="[89,324,1943,1976]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Hose’s Languris diurnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF0262D3FBBEF7AA" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF0262D3FBBEF7AA" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF0262D3FCB8F81C" bold="true" box="[91,783,1987,2016]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Hose’s Languris territorial and lives in groups with one male, 2-6 females, and their young. In Brunei, the average group size 1s six. Males produce loud-calls, spacing vocalizations, which carry some distance; they are simpler in structure than those of other species of Presbytus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF026D70FD17F2E7" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF026D70FD17F2E7" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF026D70FE71F781" bold="true" box="[91,454,2144,2173]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFE316D94FE7BF759" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[360,460,2180,2213]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">P. hosei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFE836D94FDACF759" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1889" box="[474,539,2180,2213]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Semnopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hose">hose</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although no subspecies are recognized here, the IUCN assessment included the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFD716DBBFD65F730" box="[552,722,2219,2252]" form="everetti" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" rank="form">form everetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Vulnerable. Hose’s Langur is legally protected in Indonesia, although wrongly named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFC6B6DC3FC1BF708" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[818,940,2259,2292]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aygula">P. aygula</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a misidentification that may serve to subvert prosecution of offenders.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFC5F6DEAFCC8F6E7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[774,895,2298,2331]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aygula">P. aygula</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the former name for the Javan Langur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFE6C6C31FE0BF6BE" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[309,444,2337,2370]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comata">P. comata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a species with which Hose’s Langur has sometimes been incorrectly lumped in the past; the original description of Simia
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFCAA6C58FBFEF695" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1011,1097,2376,2409]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aygula">aygula</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, was based on the long-tailed or crab-eating macaque, not on a langur at all. The conservation status of Hose’s Langur needs to be reassessed. If the sexually dichromatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFB906C8BFF04F61C" form="everetti" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" rank="form">form everetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is valid, then it is believed that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DFDFB6CD3FC9CF61C" box="[674,811,2499,2528]" form="hose" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" rank="form">form hose</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (sexually monochromatic) would be restricted to the northern part of the Similajau National Park (a 90km strip of forest along the Sarawak coast and now completely isolated by oil palm plantations) and possibly Brunei a little to the north-east. There is, to date, no evidence of its occurrence in Similajau (although the possibility still remains; white-whiskered individuals have been seen, but their identification is inconclusive) and surveys in Brunei are needed to confirm its continued existence there. Hose’s Languris relatively tolerant of forest disturbance and light logging, but the destruction of its forests and hunting are ongoing threats. In 2010, it was estimated that their forests had been reduced by more than 50% by settlements and primarily monoculture plantations for wood pulp and palm oil. Widespread and intense forest fires have also been problematic; they result from the drying of the forest floor because of selective (intensive) logging are serious during El Nino years. About 50,000 km? of its forests remain. The hunting of Hose’s Langurs correlates with the presence of inland settlements, the timber industry, and the demand for lucrative bezoars (a visceral mass believed to be a poison antidote that is traded to supply the traditional Chinese medicine market). Hose’s Langurs are also hunted for food and to deter crop raiding. Most of the presumed (possible) distribution of Hose’s Langur coincides with oilfields that straddle the frontier between Sarawak and Brunei. Hose’s Langur (including everett) occurs in Mount Kinabalu National Park and Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary in Sarawak and Sungai Kayan National Park and Betung-Kerihun National Park in Indonesia. There are no Hose’s Langurs in captivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFF04683EFB8DF26D" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFF04683EFB8DF26D" blockId="89.[86,1297,722,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFF04683EFF40F2BF" bold="true" box="[93,247,3374,3395]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Brandon-Jones (1996, 1997), Duckworth (1997), Duckworth et al. (2011), Goodman (1989), Groves (2001), Meijaard & Groves (2004), Mitchell, A.H. (1994, 2011), Nijman (1997c, 2001, 2004c, 2005a, 2010), Nijman, Meijaard & Hon (2008), Payne et al. (1985), Ramlee (2012), Thomas (1892).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |