192 lines
23 KiB
XML
192 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="7F135EEC67528CD8B7D648D78D9C8499" ID-CLB-Dataset="100956" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6867065" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d520847-5163-4b5c-87bf-2cdceb781098" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867065" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1658256599114" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="CE199B17FF98FF9EFA036F44FB54F7A6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Cercopithecidae_0550.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Presbytis sabana" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="718" masterDocId="3220E36FFFC1FFC4FF596510FFB7FFFC" masterDocTitle="Cercopithecidae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="550" pageNumber="717" updateTime="1699359875441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="233EBA147DEE013FE2B9A2F94849079A">
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<mods:title id="DB70F4A0A94C397A7E33CC175A16A4A3">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="02F5234F15E0511A6B465C5AA3B156A7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6497D4B5B602F9BBE6C8807D9323C549">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="140D8DAA691BEA9B136BCCBFF197DEB9">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BDD40B01F1DC5413F22F0745DC57CC34">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6D3F28FA869056AB5B06CE2FFB642DCD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0A2F1BF237CAF1B0B8832F29049616BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D44F2B9083070A3BF20FDBFB232FD06F">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D111D557464CFB15F10BCAAF69A535EE" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="275CF8BBD2E57F4F910629B4CA7B2FEE">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="09D59363DA6C5B83206E846AB605E661">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C9295C9B75657B1AF6FB439420696BE4">
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<mods:title id="09A8C5DD221951E129DD853FD4D982F0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF98FF9EFA036F44FB54F7A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863390" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863390" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF98FF9EFA036F44FB54F7A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF98FF9EFA036F44FB54F7A6" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFA036F44FA1EF582" box="[1370,1449,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFA036F44FA1EF582" blockId="89.[1365,2301,2644,2768]" box="[1370,1449,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF98FF9DFA036F44FA1EF582" box="[1370,1449,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF98FF9DFA036F44FA1EF582" box="[1370,1449,2644,2686]" captionStart="Plate 47: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="87.[100,130,3411,3432]" captionTargetBox="[13,2745,15,3644]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="5. 5- 6 kg ( females ). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is red- dish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth — a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur ( Presbytis hoset (null), 6. [MISSING], 7. [MISSING], 8. [MISSING], 9. [MISSING], 10. [MISSING], 11. [MISSING], 12. [MISSING], 13. [MISSING], 14. [MISSING], 15. [MISSING], 16. [MISSING], 17. [MISSING], 18. [MISSING], 19. [MISSING], 20. [MISSING], 21. [MISSING], 22. [MISSING], 23. [MISSING], 24. [MISSING], 25. [MISSING], 26. [MISSING], 27. [MISSING], 28. [MISSING], 29. [MISSING], 30. [MISSING], 31. [MISSING], 32. [MISSING], 33. [MISSING], 34. [MISSING], 35. [MISSING], 36. [MISSING], 37. [MISSING], 38. [MISSING], 39. [MISSING], 40. [MISSING], 41. [MISSING], 42. [MISSING], 43. [MISSING], 44. [MISSING], 45. [MISSING], 46. [MISSING], 47. [MISSING], 48. [MISSING], 49. [MISSING], 50. [MISSING], 51. [MISSING], 52. [MISSING], 53. [MISSING], 54. [MISSING], 55. [MISSING], 56. [MISSING], 57. [MISSING], 58. [MISSING], 59. [MISSING], 60. [MISSING], 61. [MISSING], 62. [MISSING], 63. [MISSING], 64. [MISSING], 65. [MISSING], 66. [MISSING], 67. [MISSING], 68. [MISSING], 69. [MISSING], 70. [MISSING], 71. [MISSING], 72. [MISSING], 73. [MISSING], 74. [MISSING], 75. [MISSING], 76. [MISSING], 77. [MISSING], 78. [MISSING], 79. [MISSING], 80. [MISSING], 81. [MISSING], 82. [MISSING], 83. [MISSING], 84. [MISSING], 85. [MISSING], 86. [MISSING], 87. [MISSING], 88. [MISSING], 89. [MISSING], 90. [MISSING], 91. [MISSING], 92. [MISSING], 93. [MISSING], 94. [MISSING], 95. [MISSING], 96. [MISSING], 97. [MISSING], 98. [MISSING], 99. [MISSING], 100. [MISSING], 101. [MISSING], 102. [MISSING], 103. [MISSING], 105. Javan Langur (Presbytis comata), 106. Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), 107. Cross-marked Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas), 108. White-fronted Langur (Presbytis frontata), 109. Hose’s Langur (Presbytis hosei), 110. Miller’s Langur (Presbytis canicrus), 111. Sabah Grizzled Langur (Presbytis sabana), 112. Black-crested Sumatran Langur (Presbytis melalophos), 113. Black-and-white Langur (Presbytis bicolor), 114. Black Sumatran Langur (Presbytis sumatrana), 115. Mitered Langur (Presbytis mitrata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867463/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">111.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFAE26F44F82CF582" box="[1467,1947,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFAE26F44F82CF582" blockId="89.[1365,2301,2644,2768]" box="[1467,1947,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF98FF9DFAE26F44F82CF582" box="[1467,1947,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DFAE26F44F82CF582" box="[1467,1947,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Sabah Grizzled Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF8856F44F74AF582" box="[2012,2301,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF8856F44F74AF582" blockId="89.[1365,2301,2644,2768]" box="[2012,2301,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF98FF9DF8856F44F74AF582" box="[2012,2301,2644,2686]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DF8856F44F74AF582" ID-CoL="4MBBJ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[2012,2301,2644,2686]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabana">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF8856F44F74AF582" box="[2012,2301,2644,2686]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Presbytis sabana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DFA0E6F80F8F1F531" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFA0E6F80F7C1F559" blockId="89.[1365,2301,2644,2768]" box="[1367,2166,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF98FF9DFA0E6F80F7C1F559" box="[1367,2166,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFA0E6F80FA13F559" bold="true" box="[1367,1444,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DFAF76F80F9E4F559" box="[1454,1619,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Langur de Sabah</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF9306F80F973F559" bold="true" box="[1641,1732,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DF9976F80F8E1F559" box="[1742,1878,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Sabah-Langur</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF8336F80F872F559" bold="true" box="[1898,1989,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DF8896F80F7C1F559" box="[2000,2166,2704,2725]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Langur de Sabah</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DFA0F6FA8F8F1F531" blockId="89.[1365,2301,2644,2768]" box="[1366,1862,2744,2765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF98FF9DFA0F6FA8F8F1F531" box="[1366,1862,2744,2765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DFA0F6FA8F9FAF531" bold="true" box="[1366,1613,2744,2765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DF90F6FA8F8F1F531" box="[1622,1862,2744,2765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Crested Grizzled Langur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF8E66FEBF7E6F4BF" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF8E66FEBF7E6F4BF" blockId="89.[1983,2570,2811,3237]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF8E66FEBF7EDF4E0" bold="true" box="[1983,2138,2811,2844]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DF7216FEBF7FBF4BF" authority="Thomas, 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Semnopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabanus">Semnopithecus sabanus Thomas, 1893</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF7056E3AF610F4BF" box="[2140,2471,2858,2883]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF7056E3AF610F4BF" blockId="89.[1983,2570,2811,3237]" box="[2140,2471,2858,2883]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF98FF9DF7056E3AF610F4BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421366" box="[2140,2471,2858,2883]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Malaysia, Sabah, Paitan.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF8996E42F6ADF445" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF8996E42F6ADF445" blockId="89.[1983,2570,2811,3237]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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Until recently,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DF7CB6E42F6B9F497" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[2194,2318,2898,2923]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabana">P. sabana</taxonomicName>
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was classified as a subspecies of P. hoser, but it is morphologically distinct. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF8E66EAFF754F3AA" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF98FF9DF8E66EAFF754F3AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867325/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" targetBox="[1369,1951,2823,3230]" targetPageId="89">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF8E66EAFF754F3AA" blockId="89.[1983,2570,2811,3237]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF8E66EAFF7D8F41C" bold="true" box="[1983,2159,3007,3040]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N Borneo in most of Sabah State, as far SW as Kalabakan (4° 26’ N 117° 29’ E); its occurrence in N Kalimantan is not confirmed.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF98FF9DF8E66970F897F26D" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF98FF9DF8E66970F897F26D" blockId="89.[1983,2570,2811,3237]" lastBlockId="89.[1366,2570,3243,3473]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF98FF9DF8E66970F70DF381" bold="true" box="[1983,2234,3168,3197]" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 48-56 cm, tail 65-84 cm; weight 6-7 kg (males) and 5.
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF98FF9DFA2A69BBF8A3F26D" pageId="89" pageNumber="717">
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5-6 kg (females). The Sabah Grizzled Languris gray above and below, except white belly and inner surfaces of limbs, contrasting with black on hands and feet. Crown is gray, with a tall black crest on back of head and two frontal whorls. Facial skin is reddish, with bluish lips and a pair of distinct black spots on each side of the face, between eyes and mouth—a pattern sometimes seen in more contrastingly colored individuals of Hose’s Langur (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF98FF9DF9056860F97FF26D" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1821" box="[1628,1736,3440,3473]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="89" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
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hoset
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</vernacularName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFFE6643CFD5FFE91" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFFE6643CFD5FFE91" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFFE6643CFE99FEB9" bold="true" box="[191,302,300,325]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Evergreen, lowland, riparian, and montane rainforest. Sabah Grizzled Langurs will also enter tree plantations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFFE66462FB55FD54" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFFE66462FB55FD54" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFFE66462FE79FE6F" bold="true" box="[191,462,370,403]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Sabah Grizzled Langurs eat mainly young leaves, unripe fruits, seeds, and flowers. Diets vary with the extent of habitat degradation (logging), in different forests, and at different times of the year. On average, young leaves comprise 42-45% ofthe diet,fruits 3-25%, seeds 17-21%, mature leaves only 1-5%, and flowers 3% or less. They also eat buds, bark, insects, and bird eggs, and nestlings. More leaves, especially those oflianas (mostly
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFDCB6728FCAEFDA5" box="[658,793,568,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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), are eaten in unlogged forest (78% of the diet vs. 60% in logged forest), and more fruits and seeds are eaten in logged forest (19% fruits and 21% seeds vs. 3% fruits and 17% seeds in unlogged forest).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFF9967BEFE15FCBB" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFF9967BEFE15FCBB" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFF9967BEFEF1FD33" bold="true" box="[192,326,686,719]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Infants are weaned at ¢.300 days; they are consideredjuvenile at c.11 months of age and subadult at 21-36 months. Infants are white, with a black cruciform pattern across their backs and shoulders. Females first give birth at ¢.3 years old and usually in July-October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFFE6665CFEC6FB55" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFFE6665CFEC6FB55" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFFE6665CFE1EFC91" bold="true" box="[191,425,844,877]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Sabah Grizzled Langur is diurnal and arboreal. As for other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFE7B6667FE3AFC68" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1821" box="[290,397,887,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resting dominates the activity budget, necessary to ferment and digest their leafy diet. Groups feed and forage for c.14-17% of the day,rest for 45-49%, travel for 30-32%, and indulge in social activities for 4-7-6%. They travel and forage mostly in the middle and upper forest canopy at heights of 10-30 m. They sleep high in the middle and upper canopies of emergent trees. Their locomotion involves quadrupedal walking (¢.47%), climbing (c.22%), running (c.12%), occasional leaping (c.10%), vertical clinging and leaping (c.7%), and rarely suspensory swinging (c.1%) and hopping (c.1%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFF9861BEFD14F97E" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFF9861BEFD14F97E" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFF9861BEFC31FB33" bold="true" box="[193,902,1198,1231]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Sabah Grizzled Langur is territorial and lives in one-male groups of up to 14 individuals, with 2-6 females and their young. Home ranges vary from ¢.35 ha to 125 ha, and daily travel distances are ¢.700-800 m. Males produce loud calls that are spacing vocalizations and carry some distance. They are simpler in structure than is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFCA7605CFBD0FA91" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1821" box="[1022,1127,1356,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are similar to those of Hose’s Langur, differing only in a few details. Long calls or “spacing calls,” as they are called, are described as “gargling growls.” When groups meet, males become agitated; they run and leap, uttering series of these gargling growls. Their alarm calls for predators are staccato grunts. Females disperse from their natal groups. Densities are estimated at 2-1 groups/km?, or ¢.16 ind/km?®. They occasionally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFBC86301FA81F9CE" box="[1169,1334,1553,1586]" form="mixed" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" rank="form">form mixed</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups with Maroon Langurs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFDE06329FCDFF9A6" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[697,872,1593,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubicunda">P. rubicunda</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although where one is present, the other tends to be scarce or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFF9A6397FD56F7F0" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFF9A6397FD56F7F0" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFF9A6397FD95F954" bold="true" box="[195,546,1671,1704]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFE3C63BFFE75F92C" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[357,450,1711,1744]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">P. hosei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFE9063BFFD9EF92C" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[457,553,1711,1744]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabana">sabana</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Sabah Grizzled Languris protected by Indonesian law under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF9BFF9EFEEC63C7FD9AF904" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[437,557,1751,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aygula">P. aygula</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hunting for food and bezoars, believed to have medicinal properties, is its major threat, and believed to be the principal cause for its decline. The Sabah Grizzled Langur seems to survive selective, light logging quite well, but logging that destroys the forest canopy (and eliminates their sleeping trees) and clearcutting are major threats. It occurs in Danum Valley Conservation Area, Tabin Reserve, Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary, and Lower Kinabatangan and Maliau Basin conservation areas in Sabah. It may also occur in Crocker Range Park. There are no reports of the Sabah Grizzled Langur in captivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF9BFF9EFF9C6D0AFB54F7A6" pageId="90" pageNumber="718" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF9BFF9EFF9C6D0AFB54F7A6" blockId="90.[190,1404,299,2144]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF9BFF9EFF9C6D0AFEE8F7CF" bold="true" box="[197,351,2074,2099]" pageId="90" pageNumber="718">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bennett & Davies (1994), Brandon-Jones (1996), Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), Groves (2001), Mitchell, A.H. (1994, 2011), Nijman, Meijaard & Hon (2008), Payne et al. (1985), Rodman (1978).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |