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<document id="FC5051E0E870BD2307FC2859F1D44395" ID-CLB-Dataset="100956" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6867065" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d520847-5163-4b5c-87bf-2cdceb781098" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867065" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1658256599114" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands &amp; Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="CE199B17FF8EFF8BFFD862A6F745F6B4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Cercopithecidae_0550.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Piliocolobus gordonorum Matschie 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="707" masterDocId="3220E36FFFC1FFC4FF596510FFB7FFFC" masterDocTitle="Cercopithecidae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="550" pageNumber="707" updateTime="1699359875441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5829CF7A6B7431C91221271EA5CA50C8">
<mods:title id="CF216D807D8480D58CC7AF3B0783C4E8">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97636BDCE822ABB630078EE010CDB1B9">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EFE6F311825FB95935ABD25BADEF407">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E89F89B6EA06780E8D10392944D4455C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="786DFA953142DD871C0CEF9D73DDA0EA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC4942C1E08F8546ADD087E421CE1461">
<mods:title id="565792DF139DA4BB66CB6B0AB8C9F98F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="33B64A1B1921F4E0D5A82DD2AC49C0BF">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF8EFF8BFFD862A6F745F6B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863341" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF8EFF8BFFD862A6F745F6B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF8EFF8BFFD862A6F745F6B4" lastPageNumber="707" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFFD862A6FF0CF818" box="[129,187,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD862A6FF0CF818" blockId="79.[127,1218,1974,2101]" box="[129,187,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFFD862A6FF0CF818" box="[129,187,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF8EFF8BFFD862A6FF0CF818" box="[129,187,1974,2020]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">91.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFF9562A6FD75F818" box="[204,706,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFF9562A6FD75F818" blockId="79.[127,1218,1974,2101]" box="[204,706,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFF9562A6FD75F818" box="[204,706,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFF9562A6FD75F818" box="[204,706,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Udzungwa Red Colobus</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFC5F62A6FB76F818" box="[774,1217,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFC5F62A6FB76F818" blockId="79.[127,1218,1974,2101]" box="[774,1217,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFC5F62A6FB76F818" box="[774,1217,1974,2020]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFC5F62A6FB76F818" ID-CoL="4HTQN" authority="Matschie, 1900" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" box="[774,1217,1974,2020]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordonorum">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFC5F62A6FB76F818" box="[774,1217,1974,2020]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Piliocolobus gordonorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFFD862E6FCA1F7CE" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD862E6FBC1F7F7" blockId="79.[127,1218,1974,2101]" box="[129,1142,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFFD862E6FBC1F7F7" box="[129,1142,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFFD862E6FF79F7F7" bold="true" box="[129,206,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFF8E62E6FE2FF7F7" box="[215,408,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Colobe des Gordon</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFEF462E6FDBFF7F7" bold="true" box="[429,520,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFD4B62E6FD4EF7F7" box="[530,761,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Uzungwe-Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFC5662E6FCDDF7F7" bold="true" box="[783,874,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFC2A62E6FBC1F7F7" box="[883,1142,2038,2059]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Colobo rojo de Udzungwa</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD86D0DFCA1F7CE" blockId="79.[127,1218,1974,2101]" box="[129,790,2077,2098]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<heading id="1D479D6DFF8EFF8BFFD86D0DFCA1F7CE" box="[129,790,2077,2098]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFFD86D0DFEC0F7CE" bold="true" box="[129,375,2077,2098]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFEDB6D0DFD88F7CE" box="[386,575,2077,2098]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Iringa Red Colobus</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF8EFF8BFD176D0DFCA1F7CE" box="[590,790,2077,2098]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Uhehe Red Colobus</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFDB36D70FC24F755" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFDB36D70FC24F755" blockId="79.[746,1334,2144,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFDB36D70FC32F77D" bold="true" box="[746,901,2144,2177]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFCC66D70FC39F755" ID-CoL="4HTQN" authority="Matschie, 1900" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordonorum">Piliocolobus gordonorum Matschie, 1900</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFCFF6D80FBCFF72C" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFCFF6D80FBCFF72C" blockId="79.[746,1334,2144,2572]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF8EFF8BFCFF6D80FBCFF72C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421351" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Tanzania, Uzungwa (= Udzungwa) Mountains, Uhehe.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFDB26DCBFC71F57D" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFDB26DCBFC71F57D" blockId="79.[746,1334,2144,2572]" lastBlockId="79.[127,1334,2577,3476]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either divide the red colobus and the Olive
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB656C35FB19F6BA" box="[1084,1198,2341,2374]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
into two genera,
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFC076C45FC44F692" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[862,1011,2389,2414]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB646C45FB75F692" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1085,1218,2389,2414]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
, respectively, or consider them to belong to one genus,
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFC146CB0FC65F641" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[845,978,2464,2493]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
, with two subgenera (
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFA586CB0FCF2F618" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
for the Olive
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB506CD3FBCCF618" box="[1033,1147,2499,2532]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB9C6CD3FCA1F5F0" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
for the red colobus). We follow here C. P. Groves in his publications of 2001 and 2007 in using two genera. There is a rare red-backed morph (representing c¢.2% of the population), in which the upper bodyis black with a brick-red lumbar region and rump. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFFD96F98FAA1F4BA" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="distribution">
<caption id="12CF7A89FF8EFF8BFFD96F98FAA1F4BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867283/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" targetBox="[131,713,2157,2564]" targetPageId="79">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD96F98FAA1F4BA" blockId="79.[127,1334,2577,3476]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFFD96F98FE87F555" bold="true" box="[128,304,2696,2729]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Distribution.</emphasis>
SW Tanzania, known only from the Udzungwa Mts, a few small tracts of forest between the Little Ruaha and Ulanga rivers (S of Iringa), and several forest patches of the Kilombero Valley at the E base of the Udzungwa Mts (Magombera, Kiwanga, Kalunga, and in gallery forest along the Msolwa River S of the railway to its confluence with the Kilombero River, including the Ibiki and Msitu ya Kinjugu forests).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFFD96E41FB96F2BA" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="description">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD96E41FB96F2BA" blockId="79.[127,1334,2577,3476]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFFD96E41FECEF492" bold="true" box="[128,377,2897,2926]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 60-66 cm (females), tail 64-69 cm (females); no measurements for males or body weight data for either sex are available. The Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFF9C6E8BFE80F440" box="[197,311,2971,3004]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
is somewhat larger, but with a shorter tail, than the Ashy Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB986E8BFA84F440" box="[1217,1331,2971,3004]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFFD46ED2FEF4F41F" baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[141,323,3010,3043]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tephrosceles">P. tephrosceles</taxonomicName>
). It is a deep shining black above (rarely with a red lumbar region and rump), with white on underside and inner surfaces of limbs. Arms and thighs are black, but shanks are mixed with silvery. Lower legs black mixed with silvery. Tail is short and slightly bushy, being black or mixed with ocherous above and tending to be off-white below. Crown is a shiny red, with laterally directed hairs forming a sort of toupee. Face lacks pigmentation around the nose and mouth, and cheeks are white and separated from red of the crown by a thick black line along the temples. A “panache” (a tuft of hair) is present but weakly developed. Skull is broad, short-faced, and small-toothed. A mtDNA analysis shows that the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFB0D69EDFB71F2E2" box="[1108,1222,3325,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
is most closely related to the Zanzibar Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFD2B6839FD53F2BA" box="[626,740,3369,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFDA36839FCD2F2BA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[762,869,3369,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kirkii">P. kirkii</taxonomicName>
), but distinct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFFD9685BF65FFDA5" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFFD9685BF65FFDA5" blockId="79.[127,1334,2577,3476]" lastBlockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFFD9685BFF59F290" bold="true" box="[128,238,3403,3436]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Habitat.</emphasis>
A variety of forest habitats, including lowland old growth,riparian, groundwater, secondary, and montane forests of the Udzungwa Mountains and Miombo (Brachystegia,
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BFA916434F9FEFEB9" box="[1480,1609,292,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) woodland adjacent to old growth or secondary forest in the lower parts of the Mwanihana Forest in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park and elsewhere. Systematic population surveys examining the relative abundance of primates in the Mwanihana Forest found that the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF718648AF704FE47" box="[2113,2227,410,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
preferred moderate to old growth semi-deciduous forest, but it was also found nearly as often in evergreen forest. It was recorded in deciduous forest and open areas (logged, regenerating forest with shrubs and scattered trees) but in lower numbers. The Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF6026700F67AFDCD" box="[2395,2509,528,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
occurs at elevations of 200-2200 m, althoughit is less abundant at the higher elevations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA24674FF7C1FD54" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA24674FF7C1FD54" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA24674FF93AFD7C" bold="true" box="[1405,1677,607,640]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Diet of the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF76D674FF711FD7C" box="[2100,2214,607,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
includes young leaves and mature leaves, fruits, flowers, buds, and possibly seeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA2467BEF6DEFD0A" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA2467BEF6DEFD0A" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA2467BEF9B3FD33" bold="true" box="[1405,1540,686,719]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Breeding.</emphasis>
Female Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF83267BEF86AFD33" box="[1899,2013,686,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
display a substantial pink sexual swelling during the periovulatory period (larger than in the Ashy Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF7BB67C5F6EBFD0A" box="[2274,2396,725,758]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA226611F620FCE2" box="[1403,2455,769,798]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="activity">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA226611F620FCE2" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" box="[1403,2455,769,798]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA226611F9D1FCE2" bold="true" box="[1403,1638,769,798]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
There is no specific information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA246634F630FBCE" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA246634F630FBCE" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA246634F7F3FCB9" bold="true" box="[1405,2116,804,837]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
The movements and home range of the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF9E2665CF89AFC91" box="[1723,1837,844,877]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
are unknown, but group size is highly variable at 3-83 individuals. Groups are smaller in forests that are small (less than 5 km?), dominated by deciduous trees, or heavily degraded by human activities than are groups living in large, intact, and relatively mature blocks of moist, mixed evergreen and semi-deciduous forest. Groups typically have multiple adult males and females, and variation in numbers of adult males accounts for much of the variability in group size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA246129F9FFF704" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA246129F9FFF704" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA246129F957FBA6" bold="true" box="[1405,1760,1081,1114]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red Last (as
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF97A6174F8E1FB7D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1571,1878,1124,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gordonorum">Procolobus gordonorum</taxonomicName>
). The Udzungwa Red Colobusis listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It has an extent of occurrence of less than 5000 km®, populations are highly fragmented with no or limited movement between forest fragments, and there is a continuing decline in the distributional extent of occurrence and area of occupancy due to logging, conversion to agriculture, collection of firewood, and charcoal production. The Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF9F7605DF895FA92" box="[1710,1826,1357,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
is sometimes hunted for its meat, particularly in the western and south-western parts of the range. Total population size is unknown and difficult to determine, but clearly in the thousands. At least one published estimate puts it at 15,400 individuals, but this might be too high. An earlier estimate by W. Rodgers and K. Homewood in 1982 was 10,000 individuals, but they emphasized that the largest single interbreeding population was certainly less than 2000. In the Udzungwa Mountains, the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF8A46329F7C6F9A6" box="[2045,2161,1593,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
was the most frequently seen primate, with an average of 0-59 groups/km walked. It occurs in ten protected areas in Tanzania: Udzungwa Mountains National Park; Kiranzi-Kitungulu, Magombero, Mangula, Matundu, New Dabaga/Ulangambi, Nyanganje, Udzungwa Scarp, and West Kilombero forest reserves; and Selous Game Reserve. It is relatively secure in Udzungwa Mountains National Park, but only about half ofits range is protected in this area. Its remaining habitat is either on public land or in forest reserves (including New Dabaga/Ulangambi Forest Reserve) and is not effectively protected. Magombero Forest Reserve, for example, still needs to be legally incorporated into Selous Game Reserve, which the government of Tanzania had promised to do in 1980. In 2004, T. Struhsaker and colleagues highlighted the following conservation priorities for the Udzungwa Red
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8EFF8BF99262FFF8F5F7F0" box="[1739,1858,2031,2060]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
: 1) annexation of a number of forest reserves to the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (West Kilombero, Udzungwa Scarp, Matundu, and Nyanganje); 2) annexation of a number of forests to Selous Game Reserve (Magombera, Ibiki, and all other forest remnants along the Msolwa River); 3) prevention of fire to allow forest regeneration and expansion and creation of corridors between forest blocks; and 4) more effective law enforcement to prevent fires, illegal logging, and poaching.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8EFF8BFA246C17F745F6B4" pageId="79" pageNumber="707" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8EFF8BFA246C17F745F6B4" blockId="79.[1403,2614,292,2377]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8EFF8BFA246C17F9A0F6DC" bold="true" box="[1405,1559,2311,2336]" pageId="79" pageNumber="707">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Decker (1994a, 1996), Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb et al. (2003), Marshall et al. (2005), Rodgers (1981), Rovero et al. (2006), Struhsaker &amp; Leland (1980), Struhsaker et al. (2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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