217 lines
26 KiB
XML
217 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AFE16D91AFF8B7F2C7A3087B8A6BDC07">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7EF6B68B9F735940E30B5096A5032A3">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A0163683A5D0841A8EF9C040323EEE1">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0CD95E48DEDF1C1006665CFBF7E8CCD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C85E5F9BE8890022936D6B46D24512AD">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="186D8AE33D431DA7B9CA115169C4B092">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="42D63C4FCCCCA2EBB60D07F455540EC9">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="E71355B0820B9EF6BF13CABEF29AB681">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF88FF8EFA286806F9D2FDA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6864266" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6864266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF88FF8EFA286806F9D2FDA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF88FF8EFA286806F9D2FDA8" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="702" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF88FF8DFA286806FA1DF2BC" box="[1393,1450,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF88FF8DFA286806FA1DF2BC" blockId="73.[1391,2312,3350,3472]" box="[1393,1450,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF88FF8DFA286806FA1DF2BC" box="[1393,1450,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF88FF8DFA286806FA1DF2BC" box="[1393,1450,3350,3392]" captionStart="Plate 45: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="71.[123,153,3457,3478]" captionTargetBox="[14,2747,15,3643]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="82. Angolan Colobus (Colobus angolensis), 83. Guereza (Colobus guereza), 84. King Colobus (Colobus polykomos), 85. Black Colobus (Colobus satanas), 86. White-thighed Colobus (Colobus vellerosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867455/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">85.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF88FF8DFAE26806F952F2BC" box="[1467,1765,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF88FF8DFAE26806F952F2BC" blockId="73.[1391,2312,3350,3472]" box="[1467,1765,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF88FF8DFAE26806F952F2BC" box="[1467,1765,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DFAE26806F952F2BC" box="[1467,1765,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Black Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF88FF8DF8776806F7FEF2BC" box="[1838,2121,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF88FF8DF8776806F7FEF2BC" blockId="73.[1391,2312,3350,3472]" box="[1838,2121,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF88FF8DF8776806F7FEF2BC" box="[1838,2121,3350,3392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF88FF8DF8776806F7FEF2BC" ID-CoL="X6RZ" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[1838,2121,3350,3392]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="73" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanas">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF88FF8DF8776806F7FEF2BC" box="[1838,2121,3350,3392]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Colobus satanas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF88FF8DFA286842F6B0F273" pageId="73" pageNumber="701" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF88FF8DFA286842F718F29B" blockId="73.[1391,2312,3350,3472]" box="[1393,2223,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF88FF8DFA286842F718F29B" box="[1393,2223,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF88FF8DFA286842FA09F29B" bold="true" box="[1393,1470,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DFA9E6842F98FF29B" box="[1479,1592,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Colobe noir</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF88FF8DF9156842F910F29B" bold="true" box="[1612,1703,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DF9E86842F818F29B" box="[1713,1967,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Schwarzer Stummelaffee</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF88FF8DF89C6842F797F29B" bold="true" box="[1989,2080,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DF7706842F718F29B" box="[2089,2223,3410,3431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Colobo negro</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF88FF8DFA29686AF6B0F273" blockId="73.[1391,2312,3350,3472]" box="[1392,2311,3450,3471]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF88FF8DFA29686AF6B0F273" box="[1392,2311,3450,3471]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF88FF8DFA29686AF9D0F273" bold="true" box="[1392,1639,3450,3471]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DF928686AF82AF273" box="[1649,1949,3450,3471]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Bioko Black Colobus (satanas)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF88FF8DF8F5686AF6B0F273" box="[1964,2311,3450,3471]" pageId="73" pageNumber="701">Gabon Black Colobus (anthracinus)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFC4A6438FCEBFE95" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFC4A6438FCEBFE95" blockId="74.[787,1375,296,715]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFC4A6438FC19FEBD" bold="true" box="[787,942,296,321]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC9E6438FCEFFE95" ID-CoL="X6RZ" authority="Waterhouse" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanas">Colobus satanas Waterhouse, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFC376440FC48FE6C" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFC376440FC48FE6C" blockId="74.[787,1375,296,715]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF8BFF8EFC376440FC48FE6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421424" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo (= Bioko Island).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFC4A648AFB24FDFA" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFC4A648AFB24FDFA" blockId="74.[787,1375,296,715]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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There is very little external difference between the two subspecies of C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFBAC64ADFAE0FE22" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[1269,1367,445,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanas">satanas</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFC4D6701FAFAFCBE" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF8BFF8EFC4D6701FAFAFCBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867271/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" targetBox="[173,755,302,709]" targetPageId="74">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFC4D6701FB8EFD80" blockId="74.[787,1375,296,715]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFC4D6701FB13FDD2" bold="true" box="[788,1188,529,558]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC4E672CFB8EFD80" authority="Waterhouse, 1838" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="satanas" subSpecies="satanas">C.s.satanasWaterhouse,1838—Bioko1(EquatorialGuinea).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFC4E6796FAFAFCBE" blockId="74.[787,1375,296,715]" lastBlockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC4E6796FB67FD5F" authority="Le Conte, 1857" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1857" box="[791,1232,646,675]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="satanas" subSpecies="anthracinus">C. s. anthracinus Le Conte, 1857</taxonomicName>
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— E & SW Cameroon (S of Sanaga River and as far E as the Batouri and Lomié districts), Equatorial Guinea, W & C Gabon (inland to Lopé National Park and with unconfirmed reports of sparse populations E of the Ogooué and Ivindo rivers), and W Republic of the Congo; possibly in NW Angola (Cabinda).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF26658FCB2FB30" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF26658FCB2FB30" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF26658FE11FC95" bold="true" box="[171,422,840,873]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 50-77 cm, tail ¢.80 cm; weight 10-15 kg (males) and 10-11 kg (females). The Black Colobusis a large, entirely black colobine, with an untufted tail. There is a pronounced mantle, and hairs on cheeks and forehead are quite long. An occipital crest of hair rises from a whorl on the front of the crown, and there is a prominent brow fringe. Face and ears are naked; nose is comparatively short. Skull is less prognathous than in other species of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC4B611DFCC4FBD2" box="[786,883,1037,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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, and the braincase has a distinctive transverse “saddle” behind the bregma. The “Bioko Black
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC866125FBE7FBAA" box="[991,1104,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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” (C. s.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFBE36125FAACFBAA" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[1210,1307,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanas">satanas</taxonomicName>
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) has longer hair than the mainland
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFD346170FD03FB81" box="[621,692,1120,1149]" pageId="74" pageNumber="744" rank="form">form</taxonomicName>
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, the “Gabon Black
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC976170FB9AFB81" box="[974,1069,1120,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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™ (C. s. anthracinus). The roaring call of the adult male is primitive; it is preceded by a loud “sneeze” and is quite different from those of other
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFDF961BBFCB6FB30" box="[672,769,1195,1228]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF261C6FEFDFA1C" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF261C6FEFDFA1C" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF261C6FEADFB0F" bold="true" box="[171,282,1238,1267]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dense primary rainforest, mature secondary rainforest, and coastal evergreen, lowland moist, montane, and swamp forest; occasionally coastal sand dune and wooded meadows. The elevational range of the Black
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFCEE6031FB9EFABE" box="[951,1065,1313,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is 500-3011 m. It appears unable to survive in degraded secondary forest and is rare or absent in forests where logging has reduced canopy height. On Bioko Island,it has been observed in montane heathland. It avoids areas disturbed by humans. It is typically found high in the canopy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF560F6FE70F8E7" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF560F6FE70F8E7" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF560F6FE18F9FB" bold="true" box="[172,431,1510,1543]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Black
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFD5760F6FD37F9FB" box="[526,640,1510,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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eat large quantities of seeds, along with young leaves and mature leaves (particularly those of lianas), unripe fruits, flowers, and buds. Mature leaves are less favored, and they are only eaten with regularity in sand-dune forest. Sodium-rich soil is also consumed. The Black
|
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC6A634CFC12F981" box="[819,933,1628,1661]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a remarkable tolerance for high concentrations of poisonous tannins in leaves and, as a consequence, is able to live in areas where other colobines cannot. It also appears to rely more heavily upon seeds as a dietary component. When food is abundant, groups may feed in the same tree for several days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF46231FD20F845" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF46231FD20F845" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF46231FE84F8BE" bold="true" box="[173,307,1825,1858]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
During the periovulatory period of the Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFCE86231FBA9F8BE" box="[945,1054,1825,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,the clitoris protrudes, but females do not otherwise display a sexual swelling. There is no perineal organ in the male. A single young is born after a gestation of 195 days. Infants are brown, not white as in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFD6B6288FD24F845" box="[562,659,1944,1977]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF562AEFB9CF7D3" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF562AEFB9CF7D3" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF562AEFE2DF823" bold="true" box="[172,410,1982,2015]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFD5C62AEFDC0F823" box="[517,631,1982,2015]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are diurnal and arboreal. At Douala-Edea in Cameroon, D. McKey and P. Waterman found them to spend 60% of their time resting, 23% feeding, 13% engaging in social behavior, and 4% moving.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF46D25FE38F6E0" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF46D25FE38F6E0" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF46D25FCDAF7AA" bold="true" box="[173,877,2101,2134]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFC896D25FBF4F7AA" box="[976,1091,2101,2134]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
move up to 850 m/ day in home ranges of 70-570 ha. Their groups contain 7-30 individuals, but on Bioko Island, they are typically smaller (7-10 individuals). Groups usually contain several adult males. In 1978, the population density in Foret des Abeilles in central Gabon was estimated at ¢.25-30 ind/km?, and in the Douala-Edéa Wildlife Reserve in Cameroon at ¢.38 ind/km?.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFFF76C32F6E6FE21" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFFF76C32F6E6FE21" blockId="74.[171,1379,722,3119]" lastBlockId="74.[1444,2648,286,597]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFFF76C32FDB1F6BF" bold="true" box="[174,518,2338,2371]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List, including the subspecies anthracinus, but the nominate subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFBF96C59FAB7F696" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1838" box="[1184,1280,2377,2410]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanas">satanas</taxonomicName>
|
||
is classified as Endangered. The Black Colobusis listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is threatened by habitat loss due to logging and forest clearance for agriculture. Its dependence on high-canopy forests make it particularly susceptible to tree felling, and it is now rare or absent in those parts ofits distribution where there has been extensive logging that breaks up the canopy. The Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFEED6F26FD92F5AB" box="[436,549,2614,2647]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also widely hunted forits meat and skin, with populations on Bioko Island being under considerable pressure. There are no estimates ofthe total population of Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFE8D6F94FDFFF559" box="[468,584,2692,2725]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is now present only in protected or undisturbed inaccessible areas. The largest numbers are thought to be in Lopé National Park, Gabon, where there is a population of 50,000-55,900 individuals. Further data on the distribution and status of the Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFDFD6FEAFCA2F4E7" box="[676,789,2810,2843]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are required. More effective protection is also needed against hunting and habitat loss. The Bioko Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFB4F6E32FB30F4BF" box="[1046,1159,2850,2883]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has undergone the biggest decline of all Bioko’s primates—more than 60% from 1986 to 2006. It was common on Pico Basilé in 1986 but has been heavily hunted since 2000. It is becoming increasingly rare outside the Gran Caldera and Southern Highlands. It occurs in Basilé National Park and Gran Caldera and Southern Highlands Scientific Reserve (Bioko). The Gabon Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFEA46EF7FDD9F3F4" box="[509,622,3047,3080]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fared somewhat better butis still declining, largely because of habitat loss and hunting. In mainland Equatorial Guinea, for example,its distribution was reduced to one-third ofits former size by 1967. It occurs in Dipikar and Douala-Edéa reserves in Cameroon, Monte Alen National Park in Equatorial Guinea, and the Lopé and the Gamba complex of protected areas in Gabon. The Gabon Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF8BFF8EFAFF6484F9A0FE49" box="[1446,1559,404,437]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also found in Camp Ma’an National Park and Dja Biosphere Reserve in Cameroon and Odzala National Park in the Republic of the Congo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF8BFF8EFAFF64FBF9D2FDA8" pageId="74" pageNumber="702" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF8BFF8EFAFF64FBF9D2FDA8" blockId="74.[1444,2648,286,597]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF8BFF8EFAFF64FBF9F7FDF8" bold="true" box="[1446,1600,491,516]" pageId="74" pageNumber="702">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Brugiére (1998), Brugiere & Fleury (2000), Fashing (2011), Fleury & Gautier-Hion (1997, 1999), Groves (2001, 2007b), Harrison (1986), Hearn et al. (2006), McKey & Waterman (1982), McKey et al. (1981), Sabater Pi (1973).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |