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<document id="D2D3762DE9FDD349B84A5A2613E102E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="50838" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171423" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea6fc83f-46ab-41b9-90db-1995d5ef2971" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171423" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459753058812" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Andreone, Franco &amp; Nussbaum, Ronald A." docDate="2006" docId="DD2B87913B13FFD7595AFE5C4802DAE5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01105p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1105" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mantidactylus microtympanum Angel 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="2112FFE93B1BFFD95852FFE04972D87B" masterDocTitle="A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698216618622" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="818B6500A0D3EB5229084071508DCE85" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="89293E33D04B96BC8A7487419718F6EA">
<mods:title id="CE1D9423297CB66363702354CF34FA28">A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CC0915C8509345CBC3AAFDF2EDE0B210" type="personal">
<mods:role id="570413AB1D00E3228D20BAD4D02968DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="934DF455EE93DC3D206944FB050E93A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DB61BC2103D7A5C1872F715B8FA6080E">Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD72B473216F63D56DA2329A01C52831" type="personal">
<mods:role id="02A9EEB36546F600D8D04D444EAFAF3F">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3CCD78FD3D7CA128D2938335CA27E35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="281C4F6508DB944185A3D91DAB3E0746">Nussbaum, Ronald A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4C89C4DB7821ECD5B133196D5C1CBC55">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3A979EFFD662BE0569A2E3ED8A163354" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="278BDC7B95545EEEBBECF7E023118976">
<mods:title id="6DB82DBAD94C32C2A7A62285674FEC91">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E313F7FCF22EA58BF028DC41C8911810">
<mods:date id="B9529FBF2C8A6A2EF774FAC9229B015D">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A5453108C314EF8A601526152DD8E5A1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6438FC5AD3DC1CDAE06902069C366938">1105</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F779076B7FFC87B1C7188AE787787F47" unit="page">
<mods:start id="175E40FDC79580432DB3F74DB78F5E47">49</mods:start>
<mods:end id="70663F4C475182C9BBAC8DFECEC0DC79">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="364BF102B7D3D739292642CA98A72D8A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7A2110B3F2BB6A9B665D999D905220EC" type="CLB-Dataset">50838</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79DF5B304C2837B469974324311DAEA6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171423</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0E7815442E9E6D72AD922C7CCEAD693" type="GBIF-Dataset">ea6fc83f-46ab-41b9-90db-1995d5ef2971</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A6C8E07E4BBA70941DEF1E471F69460" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97CA019CC74BA4D7F00D807FE15FF0C6" type="Zenodo-Dep">171423</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="DD2B87913B13FFD7595AFE5C4802DAE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658783" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD2B87913B13FFD7595AFE5C4802DAE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD2B87913B13FFD7595AFE5C4802DAE5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="1D98650C3B13FFD1595AFE5C48E4D982" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="553D36873B13FFD1595AFE5C4A6FD9AE" blockId="8.[264,797,443,505]" box="[264,797,443,470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="0E7581EB3B13FFD1595AFE5C4A6FD9AE" bold="true" box="[264,797,443,470]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B13FFD1595AFE5C4A6FD9AE" ID-CoL="6R6MK" authority="Angel, 1935" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1935" box="[264,797,443,470]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B13FFD1595AFE5C4A6FD9AE" bold="true" box="[264,797,443,470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B13FFD1595AFE5C4BF1D9AD" bold="true" box="[264,643,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
Angel, 1935
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="553D36873B13FFD1595AFE3F48E4D982" blockId="8.[264,797,443,505]" box="[264,406,479,505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="CDB92A023B13FFD15943FE3F48FFD982" box="[273,397,479,505]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStart-5="FIGURE 10" captionStart-6="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="9.[264,368,989,1013]" captionStartId-1="9.[264,368,1539,1563]" captionStartId-2="10.[264,368,1296,1320]" captionStartId-3="10.[264,368,1794,1818]" captionStartId-4="12.[264,368,981,1005]" captionStartId-5="12.[264,368,1562,1586]" captionStartId-6="13.[264,367,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox-0="[486,1100,529,963]" captionTargetBox-1="[520,1068,1104,1513]" captionTargetBox-2="[578,1073,658,1260]" captionTargetBox-3="[535,1080,1436,1775]" captionTargetBox-4="[488,1102,449,950]" captionTargetBox-5="[480,1106,1096,1539]" captionTargetBox-6="[508,1078,861,1276]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[486,1100,529,963]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[520,1068,1104,1513]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[551,1100,614,1282]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[494,1108,1405,1788]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[488,1102,449,950]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[450,1169,1096,1540]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[504,1083,857,1279]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Mantidactylus microtympanum. Live individual from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy (photo by F. Andreone)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Mantidactylus microtympanum: Live juvenile from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy (TL = 50 mm) (photo by F. Andreone)." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Mantidactylus microtympanum. Preserved specimens from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, 400 m. (MRSN A 649): (A) dorsal side, (B) ventral side." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Details of the cloaca in a Mantidactylus microtympanum: A, male (MNHN 1972 ­ 1312); B, female (MNHN 1972 ­ 1274). The arrow indicates the tubular cloaca visible in most adult females." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. Eggs of Mantidactylus microtympanum photographed in the field between Isaka­ Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela (MRSN A 752)." captionText-5="FIGURE 10. Eggs of Mantidactylus microtympanum laid in captivity by individuals collected between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela (MRSN A 753)." captionText-6="FIGURE 11. Putative tadpole of Mantidactylus microtympanum. (MRSN A 761), collected between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela: A, lateral side; B, dorsal side (TL = 28 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171428/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171429/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171430/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/171431/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/171432/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/171433/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/171434/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Figs. 5–11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D98650C3B13FFD0595AFDCF4D53D9AD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="553D36873B13FFD0595AFDCF4D53D9AD" blockId="8.[264,1323,559,1905]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B13FFD1595AFDCF4886DA33" box="[264,500,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Materials examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A54FDCF4B12DA32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[518,608,559,585]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
19735­170/171, Isaka­Ivondro,
<typeStatus id="8A3988253B13FFD15BB7FDCF4D3CDA32" box="[997,1102,559,585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, R. Catala
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C85FDCF4C57DA32" box="[1239,1317,559,585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1935-01">I.1935</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD1595AFDB74810DA0A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[264,354,599,625]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1972­601, 602, Mananjara­Bekaza, leg.
<collectingCountry id="2D9576173B13FFD15B16FDB74A18DA0A" box="[836,874,599,625]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Ch</collectingCountry>
. P. Blanc,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15BB4FDB74D0ADA0A" box="[998,1144,599,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1971-07-10">10.VII.1971</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15CD7FDB74DADDA0A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1157,1247,599,625]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1972­ 1256 Ambana­Soavala (Chaînes Anosyennes), leg.
<collectingCountry id="2D9576173B13FFD15BD4FD9F4ADEDAE2" box="[902,940,639,665]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Ch</collectingCountry>
. P. Blanc,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C68FD9F4DCCDAE2" box="[1082,1214,639,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1971-12-03">3.XII.1971</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C83FD9F4C59DAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1233,1323,639,665]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1972­1257/1316 Camp IV (Chaînes Anosyennes), leg.
<collectingCountry id="2D9576173B13FFD15BFEFD474AA0DABA" box="[940,978,679,705]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Ch</collectingCountry>
. P. Blanc,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C09FD474DCDDABA" box="[1115,1215,679,705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1971-11">XI.1971</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C83FD474C59DABA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1233,1323,679,705]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1972­1317/1318, Bekazaha (Chaines Anosyennes), leg.
<collectingCountry id="2D9576173B13FFD15BF8FD2F4AA2DA92" box="[938,976,719,745]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Ch</collectingCountry>
. P. Blanc,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C01FD2F4DB3DA92" box="[1107,1217,719,745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1971-12">XII.1971</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C83FD2F4C59DA92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1233,1323,719,745]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1994­689, eggs, Chaînes Anosyennes;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A85FD174A43DB6A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[727,817,759,785]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MNHN</collectionCode>
1994.690 (tadpole), Chaînes Anosyennes,
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD1595AFCFF4829DB42" box="[264,347,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A649.1–5; forest between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, leg. R. Nincheri,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD1595AFCA748A2DB1A" box="[264,464,839,865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1993-08-25" valueMax="1993-08-31" valueMin="1993-08-25">25–31.VIII.1993</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD1598CFCA74B43DB1A" box="[478,561,839,865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A724.1–2, forest between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, leg. F. Andreone,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD159D8FC8F4B7DDBF2" box="[394,527,879,905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1994-04-18">18.IV.1994</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A49FC8F4B1CDBF2" box="[539,622,879,905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A774, same locality and collector,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C5EFC8F4DBEDBF2" box="[1036,1228,879,905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1994-04-17" valueMax="1994-05-04" valueMin="1994-04-17">17.IV–4.V.1994</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C85FC8F4C58DBF2" box="[1239,1322,879,905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A1653.1–3, same locality and collector,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15AA7FC774A13DBCA" box="[757,865,919,945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1994-05-08">8.V.1994</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B23FC774AB6DBCA" box="[881,964,919,945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A117.1–3; same locality and collector,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD1592EFC5F4884DBA2" box="[380,502,959,985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1994-11-08">8.XI.1994</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A51FC5F4B24DBA2" box="[515,598,959,985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A753, same locality and collector,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15BA9FC5F4D11DBA2" box="[1019,1123,959,985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1994-05-09">9.V.1994</date>
(eggs laid at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza);
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B6EFC074AFDDC7A" box="[828,911,999,1025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MRSN</collectionCode>
A5262, Mandena, “domaine de la cascade”, Fort Dauphin, leg. F. Andreone &amp; G. Aprea,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15BECFBEF4D22DC52" box="[958,1104,1039,1065]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1997-12-25">25.XII.1997</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C31FBEF4DCCDC52" box="[1123,1214,1039,1065]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197934, Andohavola
<quantity id="927A9B623B13FFD159F3FBD7489FDC2A" box="[417,493,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
N of Tolagnaro, leg. C. J. Raxworthy,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15B94FBD74D2ADC2A" box="[966,1112,1079,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-09-18">18.IX. 1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C34FBD74DB3DC2A" box="[1126,1217,1079,1105]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197935, Manantantely Forest, leg. R. A. Nussbaum, C. J. Raxworthy, A.P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15989FB674B27DCDA" box="[475,597,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-01">1.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A3AFB674BB1DCDA" box="[616,707,1159,1185]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197939, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15CF9FB674C54DCDA" box="[1195,1318,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-09">9.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD1595AFB4F4811DCB2" box="[264,355,1199,1225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197943, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15B7AFB4F4AC3DCB2" box="[808,945,1199,1225]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-10">10.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15BECFB4F4D6BDCB2" box="[958,1049,1199,1225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197941–197942, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15A69FB374BB0DC8A" box="[571,706,1239,1265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-11">11.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A88FB374A47DC8A" box="[730,821,1239,1265]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197944, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD1595AFB1F48E2DD62" box="[264,400,1279,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-12">12.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD159F4FB1F4B73DD62" box="[422,513,1279,1305]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197953–197954,
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15AB5FB1F4A30DD62" box="[743,834,1279,1305]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214118, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD1595AFAC748F6DD3A" box="[264,388,1319,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-10-30">30.X.1990</date>
(skeleton) Nahampoana Forest, same collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C7BFAC74DC0DD3A" box="[1065,1202,1319,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-11-21">21.XI.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C9DFAC74C58DD3A" box="[1231,1322,1319,1345]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197955–197957, Ampamakiesiny Pass, leg. C. J. Raxworthy &amp; A.P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15987FA974B1ADDEA" box="[469,616,1399,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-12-18">18.XII.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A26FA974BBDDDEA" box="[628,719,1399,1425]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197958, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15CC1FA974C57DDEA" box="[1171,1317,1399,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-12-20">20.XII.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD1595AFA7F4811DDC2" box="[264,355,1439,1465]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197959, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15B74FA7F4ACBDDC2" box="[806,953,1439,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-12-21">21.XII.1990</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B94FA7F4D53DDC2" box="[966,1057,1439,1465]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
198933, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15991FA274B27DD9A" box="[451,597,1479,1505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1990-12-22">22.XII.1990</date>
, (tadpole and eggs);
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B09FA274AC4DD9A" box="[859,950,1479,1505]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197966–197970, Manongotry, leg. C. J. Raxworthy &amp; A. P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15C08FA0F4DCCDE72" box="[1114,1214,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1991-01-03">3.I.1991</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C9DFA0F4C58DE72" box="[1231,1322,1519,1545]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
197971, same locality and collectors,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15A93F9F74A54DE4A" box="[705,806,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1991-01-04">4.I.1991</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B60F9F74AFFDE4A" box="[818,909,1559,1585]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
213221–213223 Anosy Mountains of Andohahela, 4 Km N of Ankaramena, Antsoroko River,
<quantity id="927A9B623B13FFD15C42F9DF4DE1DE22" box="[1040,1171,1599,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="50.0">50–200 m</quantity>
, leg. R. A. Nussbaum,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD159C1F9874B7CDEFA" box="[403,526,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1993-05-30">30.V.1993</date>
,
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A48F9874B07DEFA" box="[538,629,1639,1665]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214593, leg. A. P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD1595AF96F48F5DED2" box="[264,391,1679,1705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1995-10-20">20.X.1995</date>
, Andohahela RNI 11, Parcel 1, 8 km NW of Eminiminy,
<quantity id="927A9B623B13FFD15C3BF96F4DCFDED2" box="[1129,1213,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15C9DF96F4C58DED2" box="[1231,1322,1679,1705]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214594, same locality and collectors,
<quantity id="927A9B623B13FFD15AA7F9574A3FDEAA" box="[757,845,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</quantity>
,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15B30F9574A90DEAA" box="[866,994,1719,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1995-10-22">22.X.1995</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15BAAF9574D21DEAA" box="[1016,1107,1719,1745]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214595–214596, Andohahela RN 11, Parcel 1, NW of Eminiminy at Andranomintilina Cascade, leg. A. P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15AB2F8E74A2CDF5A" box="[736,862,1799,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1995-10-28">28.X.1995</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15B3EF8E74AB5DF5A" box="[876,967,1799,1825]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214597–214599, Andohahela RN 11, Parcel 1, NW of Eminiminy at Andranomintilina Cascade, leg. A. P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B13FFD15A64F8B74BC7DF0A" box="[566,693,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" value="1995-10-28">28.X.1995</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B13FFD15A91F8B74A6CDF0A" box="[707,798,1879,1905]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">UMMZ</collectionCode>
214600, Andohahela RN 11, Parcel 1, 13.5 Km NW of Eminiminy,
<quantity id="927A9B623B12FFD05A15FEFC4BD9D94D" box="[583,683,284,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1120.0">1120 m</quantity>
, leg. A.P. Raselimanana &amp; J. B. Ramanamanjato,
<date id="213C10473B12FFD0595AFEA448E2D925" box="[264,400,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="1995-11-13">13.XI.1995</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B12FFD059CCFEA4488BD925" box="[414,505,324,350]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">UMMZ</collectionCode>
217631, Marosohy Forest, Andranoroa Rivers waterfall,
<quantity id="927A9B623B12FFD05CF6FEA44D80D925" box="[1188,1266,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
, leg. C. J. Raxworthy,
<date id="213C10473B12FFD05988FE8C4B10D9FD" box="[474,610,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="1989-11-23">23.XI.1989</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B12FFD05A23FE8C4BBED9FD" box="[625,716,364,390]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">UMMZ</collectionCode>
217632, Marosohy Forest, Andranoroa River,
<quantity id="927A9B623B12FFD05CACFE8C4850D9D5" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</quantity>
, leg. R A. Nussbaum,
<date id="213C10473B12FFD05A18FE744BA1D9D5" box="[586,723,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="1989-11-26">26.XI.1989</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3393AE423B12FFD05AB4FE744A33D9D5" box="[742,833,404,430]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">UMMZ</collectionCode>
217633, Marosohy Forest, Andranoroa River,
<quantity id="927A9B623B12FFD05904FE5C48D0D9AD" box="[342,418,444,470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
, leg. R. A. Nussbaum &amp; C. J. Raxworthy,
<date id="213C10473B12FFD05BC6FE5C4D6ED9AD" box="[916,1052,444,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" value="1989-11-28">28.XI.1989</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="01FD660F3B12FFD0595AFC3D4AC2DC6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171428/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[486,1100,529,963]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="553D36873B12FFD0595AFC3D4AC2DC6C" blockId="9.[264,1323,989,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD0595AFC3D48F8DB8E" bold="true" box="[264,394,989,1013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B12FFD059C3FC3E4B90DB8E" box="[401,738,990,1013]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD059C3FC3E4B90DB8E" box="[401,738,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Live individual from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy (photo by F. Andreone).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01FD660F3B12FFD0595AF9E34D23DE45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171429/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[520,1068,1104,1513]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="553D36873B12FFD0595AF9E34D23DE45" blockId="9.[264,1322,1539,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD0595AF9E348F9DE60" bold="true" box="[264,395,1539,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B12FFD059C3F9E44A5EDE60" authority="Live" authorityName="Live" box="[401,812,1540,1563]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD059C3F9E44B97DE60" box="[401,741,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
: Live
</taxonomicName>
juvenile from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy (TL = 50 mm) (photo by F. Andreone).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1D98650C3B12FFD3596AF99148BEDA35" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="553D36873B12FFD3596AF99148BEDA35" blockId="9.[264,1323,1649,1875]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1324,284,590]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD0596AF99148C4DEF1" box="[312,438,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A large brook
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B12FFD05A22F9914A6ADEF1" box="[624,792,1649,1674]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B12FFD05A22F9914A6ADEF1" box="[624,792,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching around
<quantity id="927A9B623B12FFD05BA1F9914D25DEF0" box="[1011,1111,1649,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SVL (
<tableCitation id="1800033C3B12FFD05CF8F9914D85DEF0" box="[1194,1271,1649,1675]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,443,467]" captionTargetBox="[267,1292,583,1586]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum. For abbreviations see Material and Methods. Values are provided as mean ± standard deviation (at 0.1 mm). Minimum and maximum values are given between parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/01FD660F3B1EFFDC595AFE5B4A82DA5A" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="01FD660F3B1EFFDC595AFE5B4A82DA5A">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
and Andreone 1998). Fingers with wide sub­triangular expansions. Toes with dilatations smaller than fingers. Finger and toe expansion white. No webbing between fingers, feet completely webbed. Femoral glands absent. Sub­articular tubercles small, inner metatarsal tubercle present and longish. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Vomerine teeth present. Tympanum rather indistinct, about 1/4 of eye diameter. Tibiotarsal articulation of appressed hindlimb may reach as far forwards as nostrils. Skin finely granular on dorsum, smoother on belly. Nostrils nearer to tip of snout than to eye. Cloaca simple to tubular. Dorsal surface marbled grayish and brownish, with greenish shades. Ventral surface white with dark spots, spotting denser on throat. Eyes large and prominent, with golden iris, and a sub­horizontal pupilla. Upper lip and surrounding parts of eye with whitish spots. This colouration extends to lower flanks. Iris brownish­copper with fine blackish spots. The finger and toe tip expansions are whitish. Juveniles similar to adults in colouration, but more contrasted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="01FD660F3B11FFD3595AFAF048F9DD17" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171430/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[578,1073,658,1260]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="553D36873B11FFD3595AFAF048F9DD17" blockId="10.[264,1324,1296,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B11FFD3595AFAF048EEDD53" bold="true" box="[264,412,1296,1320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B11FFD359E7FAF04A68DD5C" box="[437,794,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B11FFD359E7FAF04A64DD5C" box="[437,790,1296,1319]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">Mantidactylus microtympanum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Preserved specimens from Parc National d’Andohahela, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, 400 m. (MRSN A649): (A) dorsal side, (B) ventral side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01FD660F3B11FFD3595AF8E24810DF25" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171431/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[535,1080,1436,1775]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="553D36873B11FFD3595AF8E24810DF25" blockId="10.[264,1325,1794,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B11FFD3595AF8E248F9DF61" bold="true" box="[264,395,1794,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Details of the cloaca in a
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B11FFD35AECF8E24D7DDF62" box="[702,1039,1794,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B11FFD35AECF8E24D7DDF62" box="[702,1039,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, male (MNHN 1972­ 1312); B, female (MNHN 1972­1274). The arrow indicates the tubular cloaca visible in most adult females.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1D98650C3B10FFD5596AFEFC48DCD9FD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="553D36873B10FFD2596AFEFC4A59DA35" blockId="11.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD2596AFEFC48B5D94E" box="[312,455,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Distribution</emphasis>
. (1) Isaka­Ivondro (TT); (2) Ambana­Soavala; Ampamakiesiny Pass; (3) Andohahela RN 11, Parcel 1, 13.5 Km NW of Eminiminy; (4) Andohahela RN 11, Parcel 1, NW of Eminiminy at Andranomintilina Cascade; (5) Andohahela RNI 11, Parcel 1, 8 km NW of Eminiminy; (6) Andohahela, RN 11, Parcel 1, between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy; (7) Anosy Mountains of Andohahela, 4 Km N of Ankaramena; Antsoroko River; (8) Bekazaha; (9) Mandena, “domaine de la cascade”, next to Fort Dauphin; (10) Chaînes Anosyennes; (11) Manantantely; (12) Manongotry; (13) Marosohy; (14) Nahampoana. Altitude range:
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25A3BFDD44B9FDA35" box="[617,749,564,590]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="585.0" valueMax="1120.0" valueMin="50.0">50–1120 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="553D36873B10FFD5596AFDBC48DCD9FD" blockId="11.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD2596AFDBC4B64DA0E" box="[312,534,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Eggs and tadpoles.</emphasis>
Eggs collected at Isaka­Ivondro within a small pool in a depression on a stone (MRSN A752 and A757) are attributed to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25BDEFD644D00DAE6" box="[908,1138,644,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25BDEFD644D00DAE6" box="[908,1138,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on close similarity in morphology, colouration, and size to those laid in captivity (MRSN A753), and others taken in nature currently held at Paris (MNHN 1994­689/690). They are small (mean diameter of about
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25A19FD1C4BEBDB6D" box="[587,665,764,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, with the jelly capsule about
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25C4BFD1C4D0CDB6D" box="[1049,1150,764,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
), and whitish (
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B10FFD25942FCC44BC1DB45" author="Andreone" box="[272,691,804,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" refString="Andreone, F. &amp; Randriamahazo, H. (1997) Ecological and taxonomic observations on the amphibians and reptiles of the Andohahela low altitude rainforest, S. Madagascar. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie, 3 / 4, 95 - 128." type="journal article" year="1997">Andreone &amp; Randriamahazo 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The dissection of one female (MNHN 1972­1316) revealed
<specimenCount id="4384FD0E3B10FFD25920FCAC48AEDB1D" box="[370,476,844,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" type="egg">373 eggs</specimenCount>
, and another female (UMMZ 197941)
<specimenCount id="4384FD0E3B10FFD25BF0FCAC4D7DDB1D" box="[930,1039,844,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" type="egg">320 eggs</specimenCount>
: a subsample of them (n = 47) yielded a mean diameter of 2.1 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25AACFC944A2DDBF5" box="[766,863,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
. Tadpoles tentatively attributed to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25D59FC9448B7DBCE" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25D59FC9448B7DBCE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are housed in Paris (MNHN 1994­689/690) and Ann Arbor (UMMZ 128933). We also found much similar tadpoles at Andohahela (MRSN A 752), in the same small depression full of water where we collected eggs (MRSN A757). We are confident that the tadpoles belong to
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25A19FBF44A4ADC56" box="[587,824,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25A19FBF44A47DC56" box="[587,821,1044,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">M. microtympanum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
since no other
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25BA2FBF44DEADC56" box="[1008,1176,1044,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25BA2FBF44DEADC56" box="[1008,1176,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was seen to live within the stream (excepting
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25ADCFBDC4A64DC2E" box="[654,790,1084,1109]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25ADCFBDC4A64DC2E" box="[654,790,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">M. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that has a very specialised tadpole: see
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B10FFD25CB9FBDC48B2DC05" author="Glaw" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" refString="Glaw, F. &amp; Vences, M. (1994) A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar, second edition. Glaw Verlag, Cologne, 480 pp." type="book" year="1994">Glaw &amp; Vences 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The putative tadpoles attributed to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B10FFD25B22FB844D24DC06" box="[880,1110,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B10FFD25B22FB844D24DC06" box="[880,1110,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of the benthic
<typeStatus id="8A3988253B10FFD2595AFB6C4848DCDD" box="[264,314,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B10FFD25918FB6C4B0DDCDD" author="McDiarmid" box="[330,639,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" refString="McDiarmid, R. W. &amp; Altig, R. (1999) Materials and Techniques. In: Mc Diarmid R. W. &amp; Altig, R. (Eds.), Tadpoles: the Biology of Anuran Larvae. Chicago, Chicago University Press, pp, 7 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1999">McDiarmid &amp; Altig 1999</bibRefCitation>
), and have a typical ranoid form. The body is elliptical in lateral and ovoid in dorsal view. The snout is dorsally rounded, while in lateral view it slopes gently to the oral region and then turns strongly. The external nares are located dorsolaterally, almost half way from eyes to snout tip. The eyes are small and directed dorsally. The tail fins are low and of about equal height; while the dorsal fin are lower than the ventral at the plane of the vent tube. The origin of dorsal fin is a little before the tailbody junction and origin of ventral fin at the posterior ventral terminus of the body. The maximum tail height is reached at the middle of the tail. The tail tip is slightly pointed with the tail muscle almost reaching the tip of the fins. The spiracle is sinistral, with a midlateral opening directed posteriorly. The vent tube is parallel to the ventral margin of the fin, tubular in shape, and displaced dextrally with a medial aperture. The oral disc is anteroventral, sub­elliptical, with a uniserial row of marginal papillae in the lower labium and on the lateral side of the upper labium. The labial tooth row formula is 4(2–4)/3. Basing upon the sample MRSN A761, represented by 12 tadpoles at Gosners (1960) stage 25, the overall measuration are as follows: total length 23.9 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25BAEF95C4D2BDEAD" box="[1020,1113,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(range 20.0–
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), body length 9.8 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25A67F9044BE0DE85" box="[565,658,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25AA0F9044AE7DE85" box="[754,917,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="11.9" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="9.7" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="7.5">7.5–11.9 mm</quantity>
), tail height 4.4 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B10FFD25C29F9044DAADE85" box="[1147,1240,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
(range 3.4–5.2). In life, the tadpoles are uniformly brownish and speckled with some sparse melanophores, more dense in the dorsal and lateral posterior part of the body. The tail fins are transparent, scattered with dark spots, especially on the dorsal fin. After about ten years of preservative the tadpoles are brownish on the body, while the muscular part of the tail is whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="01FD660F3B17FFD5595AFC354A33DC74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171432/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[488,1102,449,950]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="553D36873B17FFD5595AFC354A33DC74" blockId="12.[264,1322,981,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD5595AFC3548F9DB96" bold="true" box="[264,395,981,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Eggs of
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B17FFD559A5FC354A3BDB97" box="[503,841,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD559A5FC354A3BDB97" box="[503,841,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
photographed in the field between Isaka­ Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela (MRSN A752).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="01FD660F3B17FFD5595AF9FA4A91DE2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171433/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[480,1106,1096,1539]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="553D36873B17FFD5595AF9FA4A91DE2F" blockId="12.[264,1322,1562,1620]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD5595AF9FA48EADE49" bold="true" box="[264,408,1562,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Eggs of
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B17FFD55A51F9FA4A27DE4A" box="[515,853,1562,1585]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD55A51F9FA4A27DE4A" box="[515,853,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
laid in captivity by individuals collected between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela (MRSN A753).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="1D98650C3B17FFD7596AF9684802DAE5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="553D36873B17FFD4596AF9684D85DB65" blockId="12.[264,1324,1672,1898]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1323,284,798]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD5596AF96848FCDEDA" box="[312,398,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">Habits.</emphasis>
This large and crepuscular­nocturnal frog usually stations upon large stones and boulders along streams, and is usually not found more than a few meters away from the water. When disturbed it jumps in the water, splashing upon the water surface until it reached other emergent objects. Smaller individuals are able to skitter more rapidly on the water surface, like
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B17FFD559BCF8C84B0BDF3A" box="[494,633,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD559BCF8C84B0BDF3A" box="[494,633,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">M. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In no case we observed this species diving in the water, differently from
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B17FFD55999F8B04B0ADF12" box="[459,632,1872,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD55999F8B04B0ADF12" box="[459,632,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">M. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B17FFD55AE2F8B04A3FDF12" box="[688,845,1872,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B17FFD55AE2F8B04A3FDF12" box="[688,845,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">M. guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Acoustic behaviour is unknown for this species.
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45924FEFC4B9CD94E" box="[374,750,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45924FEFC4B9CD94E" box="[374,750,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed preying upon
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45C21FEFC4BC6D925" authority="Andreone &amp; Randriamahazo 1997" authorityName="Andreone &amp; Randriamahazo" authorityYear="1997" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Boophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45C21FEFC4C59D94E" box="[1139,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Boophis luteus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B16FFD45942FEA44BDED925" author="Andreone" box="[272,684,324,350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refString="Andreone, F. &amp; Randriamahazo, H. (1997) Ecological and taxonomic observations on the amphibians and reptiles of the Andohahela low altitude rainforest, S. Madagascar. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie, 3 / 4, 95 - 128." type="journal article" year="1997">Andreone &amp; Randriamahazo 1997</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In captivity at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (Antananarivo), some individuals were fed with live
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45C52FE8C4C59D9FE" box="[1024,1323,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascariensis">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45C52FE8C4C59D9FE" box="[1024,1323,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Ptychadena mascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45911FE744B31D9D6" box="[323,579,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alutus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45911FE744B31D9D6" box="[323,579,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Mantidactylus alutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This batrachophagy was confirmed by the analysis of a preserved female (MNHN 1972–1316),
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45A8DFE5C4A43D9AD" box="[735,817,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="86.0">86 mm</quantity>
long, which had in its stomach in addition to remains of a coleopteran and a freshwater crustacean a still intact (but with skin mostly digested) microhylid frog (likely a
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45AE6FDEC4A8FDA5E" box="[692,1021,524,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45AE6FDEC4A8FDA5E" box="[692,1021,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Plethodontohyla bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45C4BFDEC4D1DDA5D" box="[1049,1135,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
long. During a study on the population density of the species (Andreone 1998), no evident interaction or territorial behaviours were observed. The individuals seem to be mostly sedentary, using a cavity under a rock in the stream as refuge. The secondary sex­ratio did not differ significantly from the expected 1: 1 ratio. A population of 79 individuals was estimated over a surface of about
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45A70FD3C4B1FDA8D" box="[546,621,732,758]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
². The mean longevity was of 4.1 1.1 years in males, and 4.9 0.9 years in females, with a maximum life span of 7 years (
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B16FFD45C52FCE44D99DB65" author="Guarino" box="[1024,1259,772,798]" pageId="13" pageNumber="67" refString="Guarino, F. M., Andreone, F. &amp; Angelini, F. (1998) Growth and longevity by skeletochronological analysis in Mantidactylus microtympanum, a rain-forest anuran of southern Madagascar. Copeia, 1998 (1), 194 - 198." type="journal article" year="1998">
Guarino
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45C38FCE44DD7DB66" box="[1130,1189,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="01FD660F3B16FFD4595AFAFA4DB2DD2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171434/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[508,1078,861,1276]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="553D36873B16FFD4595AFAFA4DB2DD2F" blockId="13.[264,1322,1306,1364]" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD4595AFAFA48E4DD49" bold="true" box="[264,406,1306,1330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Putative tadpole of
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45A38FAFA4AC7DD4A" box="[618,949,1306,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45A38FAFA4AC7DD4A" box="[618,949,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Mantidactylus microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (MRSN A761), collected between Isaka­Ivondro and Eminiminy, Andohahela: A, lateral side; B, dorsal side (TL = 28 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="553D36873B16FFD7596AFA504DD6D925" blockId="13.[264,1324,1456,1882]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1324,284,670]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD4596AFA504B56DDB2" box="[312,548,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Males are usually smaller than females. The range of SVLs in males is
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD4593DFA384B45DD89" box="[367,567,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.241" metricValueMax="6.422" metricValueMin="4.06" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="52.41" valueMax="64.22" valueMin="40.6">40.60–64.22 mm</quantity>
(mean ± SD = 52.9 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45B6CFA384AEEDD89" box="[830,924,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
), and
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45BB0FA384DD8DD89" box="[994,1194,1496,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8885" metricValueMax="9.62" metricValueMin="6.157" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="78.885" valueMax="96.2" valueMin="61.57">61.57–96.20 mm</quantity>
in females (75.8 ±
<quantity id="927A9B623B16FFD45938F9E048A8DE61" box="[362,474,1536,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
). These values (obtained from the measured preserved specimens) are comparable to those previously provided for live specimens by Andreone (1998) and
<bibRefCitation id="31134B763B16FFD4595AF9B04B25DE11" author="Andreone" box="[264,599,1616,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="67" refString="Guarino, F. M., Andreone, F. &amp; Angelini, F. (1998) Growth and longevity by skeletochronological analysis in Mantidactylus microtympanum, a rain-forest anuran of southern Madagascar. Copeia, 1998 (1), 194 - 198." type="journal article" year="1998">Andreone &amp; Guarino (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, although in the latter cases the sex was quite uncertain due to its determination in the field. Furthermore, the size ranges in the females in quite wide, being the smallest females about 65% of the largest one. This is due to the fact that it was not always possible to establish with certainty the status of gonadal maturation, and for this reason it is likely that some of the measured females fell within the juvenile category. In terms of other characters allowing to distinguish the sexes, it is remarkable that in this species too the cloaca is dimorphic. Differently from
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B16FFD45B2BF8A04A8DDF22" box="[889,1023,1856,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B16FFD45B2BF8A04A8DDF22" box="[889,1023,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">M. microtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in which the males have a more derived cloaca), in
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75A08FEFC4A37D94E" box="[602,837,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75A08FEFC4A37D94E" box="[602,837,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have a tubular cloaca directed downwards, whereas males usually have a simple terminal cloaca with a slit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="553D36873B15FFD7596AFE8C4802DAE5" blockId="14.[264,1324,284,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD7596AFE8C489FD9FE" box="[312,493,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">Similar species</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD759ACFE8C4B97D9FE" box="[510,741,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD759ACFE8C4B97D9FE" box="[510,741,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75BDAFE8C4D63D9FE" box="[904,1041,364,389]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75BDAFE8C4D63D9FE" box="[904,1041,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. microtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general morphology and frequented habitats (see above). For size and general habitat requirements it is externally similar to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD759A9FE5C4BD4D9AE" box="[507,678,444,469]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD759A9FE5C4BD4D9AE" box="[507,678,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. grandidieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75A8DFE5C4A09D9AE" box="[735,891,444,469]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75A8DFE5C4A09D9AE" box="[735,891,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. guttulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from the latter two species in lacking femoral glands and having larger digital expansions and no marblings on the lower surface of the thighs. Juveniles are similar in colouration, general morphology, and behaviour to
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD759F1FDD44B5BDA36" box="[419,553,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD759F1FDD44B5BDA36" box="[419,553,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. microtis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75A30FDD44B99DA36" box="[610,747,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75A30FDD44B99DA36" box="[610,747,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75B1AFDD44AA3DA36" box="[840,977,564,589]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75B1AFDD44AA3DA36" box="[840,977,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually prefers vertical walls to adhere and for laying eggs,
<taxonomicName id="92824D043B15FFD75AC1FDBC4A0CDA0E" box="[659,894,604,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtympanum">
<emphasis id="67F6EA953B15FFD75AC1FDBC4A0CDA0E" box="[659,894,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="63">M. microtympanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rests and lays eggs on horizontal surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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