487 lines
54 KiB
XML
487 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="051DC931390D6BC6E02B026961DC77DF">Macropelopia nebulosa group (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) — karyotype and morphology of larvae and pupae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB5E5B8469B2283C544C2A65B08C6DA2">Michailova, Paraskeva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8A0ACC974663F2054C3E042AA9021A9">Kownacki, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6278562D0A0B62E9DD0F05AB83AC9196">Woźnicka, Olga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DE47EF9A5CD157A25535B4322E578F5">White, Keith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3845EAFF1FA908E820EAC43C13ABBC19">Dean, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5572A114BF809395209BAE55406EC06">Szarek-Gwiazda, Ewa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="122E687327F4EF247251763E7FBE634A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2DE43EEA907A4CFDC32C01B242D869C5">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2D306047134A1BDB7072408AD8847BE4">3852</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F35987B1FF82FFD0FF3C54A310CEDAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137756" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119585865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137756" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35987B1FF82FFD0FF3C54A310CEDAE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F35987B1FF82FFD0FF3C54A310CEDAE6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="33EA652CFF82FFD7FF3C54A310DBDDC0" box="[151,1416,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF82FFD7FF3C54A310DBDDC0" blockId="1.[151,1416,1761,1787]" box="[151,1416,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="200781CBFF82FFD7FF3C54A310DBDDC0" bold="true" box="[151,1416,1761,1787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FF3C54A310DBDDC0" bold="true" box="[151,1416,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Karyotype of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FEEA54A31782DDC0" ID-CoL="6R4HP" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[321,721,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FEEA54A31708DDC0" bold="true" box="[321,603,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Macropelopia nebulosa</emphasis>
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(Meigen)
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</taxonomicName>
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and its relation to
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FC6954A310DBDDC0" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" box="[962,1416,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FC6954A31041DDC0" bold="true" box="[962,1298,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Macropelopia paranebulosa</emphasis>
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(Fittkau)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="33EA652CFF82FFD3FF3C556A16F8DC90" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF82FFD7FF3C556A169EDCCE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1832,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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The chromosome set in
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FE00556B1765DC7A" box="[427,566,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FE00556B1765DC7A" box="[427,566,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 2n = 8.The chromosomes are named AB, CD, EF and G on the basis of common band patterns with the chromosome set of
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FD7A550F16C6DC5E" box="[721,917,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FD7A550F16C2DC5E" box="[721,913,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">M. paranebulosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF82FFD7FC09550E11A1DC5E" author="Makarchenko" box="[930,1266,1868,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
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).These authors indicated the chromosome arms of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FDB65533178FDCB2" box="[541,732,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FDB65533178FDCB2" box="[541,732,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by letters S and L. Chromosomes AB, CD, EF of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF82FFD7FAB8553310CFDCB2" box="[1299,1436,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF82FFD7FAB8553310CFDCB2" box="[1299,1436,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are metacentric and have large heterochromatin blocks that are particularly noticeable in the middle of the chromosomes. Chromosome G is acrocentric. Very often the chromosomes are conjugated by their centromere heterochromatin forming a structure that looks similar to a chromocenter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C52D514F5DBEE" blockId="2.[151,1435,151,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C52D514F7DB8B" bold="true" box="[199,420,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Chromosome AB (</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF81FFD4FE0752D5175ADB8B" box="[428,521,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,248,923,945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,267,898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Polytene chromosome AB (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of M. paranebulosa). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249590/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). The chromosome has a large heterochromatin block near the centromere and is divided into 36 sections.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2F8F662FFF81FFD4FF3C51D91668D8F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249590/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" targetBox="[151,1436,267,898]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C51D91668D8F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,923,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF3C51D91442D88B" bold="true" box="[151,273,923,945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Polytene chromosome AB (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FA2B51DE1472D8F4" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FA2B51DE1472D8F4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C51B417DFDF6C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1014,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C51B41449DF34" bold="true" box="[199,282,1014,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Arm A</emphasis>
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has a similar banding pattern to arm S of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FD5951BA104CDF34" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[754,1311,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FD5951BA16E2DF34" box="[754,945,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF81FFD4FC6B51B41044DF34" author="Makarchenko" box="[960,1303,1014,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The band patterns 1-2-3- and 17-18-19-20 are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FD51565E107ADF08" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[762,1321,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FD51565E16E4DF0F" box="[762,951,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF81FFD4FC6E56591072DF08" author="Makarchenko" box="[965,1313,1051,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The band patterns between 8–12 are markers of arm A.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C562110CEDFA4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1014,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C5621144FDF47" bold="true" box="[199,284,1123,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Arm B</emphasis>
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is similar in banding patterns of arm L of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FCB556261032DF40" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[798,1377,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FCB5562616B1DF47" box="[798,994,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF81FFD4FC5F5621100ADF40" author="Makarchenko" box="[1012,1369,1123,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The banding patterns of arm B are distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FCA556CA169EDFA4" box="[782,973,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FCA556CA169EDFA4" box="[782,973,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by two steps of homozygous inversions:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C56921407DFDC" blockId="2.[151,874,1230,1327]" box="[151,340,1230,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FF3C56921407DFDC" box="[151,340,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
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<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF3C56921407DFDC" box="[151,340,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C56B1163ADE14" blockId="2.[151,874,1230,1327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">39ba -38-37ba-36-35-34-33-32-31-30 -29-28-27-26-25-24-23-22 36-37ab - 38-39ab-35-34-33-32-31-30-29-28-27-26-25-24-23-22</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C57221473DE4C" blockId="2.[151,1025,1374,1436]" box="[151,288,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FF3C57221473DE4C" box="[151,288,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF3C57221473DE4C" box="[151,288,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C57C11152DEA0" blockId="2.[151,1025,1374,1436]" box="[151,1025,1411,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">36- 37ab- 38- 39ab-35- 34- 33- 31- 32- 30- 29- 28- 27- 26- 25- 24- 23- 22- 21.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C5789158FDD17" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C578914CEDEDF" bold="true" box="[199,413,1483,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Chromosome CD</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF81FFD4FE1F5789174FDED8" box="[436,540,1483,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,248,1406,1428]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polytene chromosome CD (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of M. paranebulosa). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249591/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The chromosome is divided into 41 sections. The centromere region is characterized by a well defined heterochromatin band and near to this section there is a large heterochromatin block.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C547411C3DD48" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C5474144ADD74" bold="true" box="[199,281,1590,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Arm C</emphasis>
|
||
is similar in banding pattern of arm S of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FD4A547A1059DD74" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[737,1290,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FD4A547A16CCDD74" box="[737,927,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF81FFD4FC0654741051DD74" author="Makarchenko" box="[941,1282,1590,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One step of homozygous inversion distinguishes this arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FD1B541E166ADD4F" box="[688,825,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FD1B541E166ADD4F" box="[688,825,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FC60541E11DADD4F" box="[971,1161,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FC60541E11DADD4F" box="[971,1161,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C54E61407DD87" blockId="2.[151,762,1699,1759]" box="[151,340,1699,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FF3C54E61407DD87" box="[151,340,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF3C54E61407DD87" box="[151,340,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C548417A9DDE4" blockId="2.[151,762,1699,1759]" box="[151,762,1734,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9cba-
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF81FFD4FE2454841713DDE4" box="[399,576,1734,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" value="2010-11-13" valueMax="2010-12-14" valueMin="2010-11-13">10-11-12-13-14</date>
|
||
-15-16-17-18-22
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C55521473DC1C" blockId="2.[151,763,1806,1868]" box="[151,288,1806,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FF3C55521473DC1C" box="[151,288,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF3C55521473DC1C" box="[151,288,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF3C557117A8DC77" blockId="2.[151,763,1806,1868]" box="[151,763,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
1-2-3-
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF81FFD4FF7E557115B6DC77" box="[213,229,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" value="1917-06-04" valueMax="1917-07-05" valueMin="1917-06-04">4</date>
|
||
-5-6-7-17-16-
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF81FFD4FED055711755DC77" box="[379,518,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" value="1915-12-14" valueMax="1915-12-13" valueMin="1915-12-14">15-14-13-12</date>
|
||
-11-10-9abc-
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF81FFD4FD36557117A8DC77" box="[669,763,1843,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" value="1918-08-22">8-18-22.</date>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF81FFD4FF6C553911B4DC8C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1915,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FF6C55391449DCAF" bold="true" box="[199,282,1915,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Arm D</emphasis>
|
||
is similar in banding patterns to the arm L of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FCB7553E1016DCA8" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[796,1349,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FCB7553E1688DCAF" box="[796,987,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF81FFD4FC425539106EDCA8" author="Makarchenko" box="[1001,1341,1915,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three steps of homozygous inversions distinguished arm D of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FCAC55E216C3DC8C" box="[775,912,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FCAC55E216C3DC8C" box="[775,912,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF81FFD4FB8955E211B4DC8C" box="[1058,1255,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF81FFD4FB8955E211B0DC8C" box="[1058,1251,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">M. paranebulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2F8F662FFF80FFD5FF3C573C1668DE88" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249591/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1384]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C573C1668DE88" blockId="3.[151,1437,1406,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF3C573C1442DEA8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1406,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Polytene chromosome CD (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FA2B573D1472DE88" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FA2B573D1472DE88" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C57991407DEC8" blockId="3.[151,941,1498,1631]" box="[151,340,1498,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FF3C57991407DEC8" box="[151,340,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF3C57991407DEC8" box="[151,340,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C57BC16FEDD64" blockId="3.[151,941,1498,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">41-40-39-38-37-36-35-34-33-32ab-31-30ab-29-28-27-26-25-24-23-22 41-26-27-28-29-30ba-31-32ba-33-34-35-36-37-38-39-40-25-24-23-22 41-26-27-28-29-30ba-32ab-31-33-34-35-36-37-38-39-40-25-24-23-22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C54CD1473DD9C" blockId="3.[151,933,1678,1739]" box="[151,288,1678,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FF3C54CD1473DD9C" box="[151,288,1678,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF3C54CD1473DD9C" box="[151,288,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C54F016F6DDF0" blockId="3.[151,933,1678,1739]" box="[151,933,1714,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">41-26-27-28-29-30ba-32ab-31-37-36-35-34-33-38-39-40-25-24-23-22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF6C54B81665DC28" blockId="3.[151,1436,1786,1883]" box="[199,822,1786,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF6C54B814C3DC28" bold="true" box="[199,400,1786,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Chromosome EF</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF80FFD5FE3554B814AEDC28" box="[414,509,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,248,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,910]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polytene chromosome EF (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of M. paranebulosa). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249592/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) is divided into 33 sections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF6C555C11CADC60" blockId="3.[151,1436,1786,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF6C555C144ADC0C" bold="true" box="[199,281,1822,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Arm E</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to banding patterns of arm S of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FD44555D1049DC0C" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[751,1306,1822,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FD44555D16FFDC0C" box="[751,940,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF80FFD5FC17555C1041DC0C" author="Makarchenko" box="[956,1298,1822,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two steps of homozygous inversion distinguishes arm E of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FD1C55011626DC60" box="[695,885,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FD1C55011626DC60" box="[695,885,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FBA3550111CADC60" box="[1032,1177,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FBA3550111C6DC60" box="[1032,1173,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">M. nebulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD5FF3C55C91407DC98" blockId="3.[151,689,1930,2027]" box="[151,340,1930,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF80FFD5FF3C55C91407DC98" box="[151,340,1930,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF80FFD5FF3C55C91407DC98" box="[151,340,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF80FFD2FF3C55EC1473DB8B" blockId="3.[151,689,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[151,696,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
33-32-31-30-29-28ab-27-26-25-24-23-22ab-21- 33-32-31-30-29-22ba-23-24-25-26-27-28ba-
|
||
<specimenCount id="6DF6FD2EFF80FFD2FD27559015E5DB8B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="generic">
|
||
21
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FF3C52DB15E5DB8B" box="[151,182,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF3C52DB15E5DB8B" box="[151,182,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
nebulosa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C52FE16B1DF26" blockId="4.[151,696,151,213]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1029,1234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">33-32-31-30 -29-24-23-22ab-25-26-27- 28ba- 21 The banding patterns 23-22ab-25-26-27-28ba are markers of the arm E.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2F8F662FFF87FFD2FF3C51E61668D8E2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249592/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" targetBox="[151,1436,265,910]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C51E61668D8E2" blockId="4.[151,1437,932,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF3C51E61442D882" bold="true" box="[151,273,932,954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Polytene chromosome EF (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FA2B51E71472D8E2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FA2B51E71472D8E2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF6C566B14CDDFE9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1029,1234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF6C566B1446DF79" bold="true" box="[199,277,1065,1090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Arm F</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to banding patterns L of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FD3D566911EEDF79" authority="Makarchenko & Petrova 1988" authorityName="Makarchenko & Petrova" authorityYear="1988" box="[662,1213,1065,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FD3D56691600DF79" box="[662,851,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF87FFD2FCCA566B11E6DF79" author="Makarchenko" box="[865,1205,1065,1090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The band patterns 1-2-3-4-5- of arm F of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FE07560C1769DF5D" box="[428,570,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FE07560C1769DF5D" box="[428,570,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FC3A560C1108DF5D" box="[913,1115,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FC3A560C1104DF5D" box="[913,1111,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">M. paranebulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similarity was also found between band patterns 20-19-18 of both species. From section 7 to section 18 the band patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FB4156311020DFB1" box="[1258,1395,1137,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FB4156311020DFB1" box="[1258,1395,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indicated conditionally because the equivalent bands of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FCB656D4168CDF95" box="[797,991,1173,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FCB656D4168CDF95" box="[797,991,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not clear and hence comparative analysis is not possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C57411473DE21" blockId="4.[151,754,1281,1342]" box="[151,288,1281,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FF3C57411473DE21" box="[151,288,1281,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF3C57411473DE21" box="[151,288,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C576717A1DE05" blockId="4.[151,754,1281,1342]" box="[151,754,1317,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF87FFD2FEF45767142EDE05" box="[351,381,1317,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" value="2010-11-13" valueMax="2010-12-14" valueMin="2010-11-13">10</date>
|
||
-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF6C572F16D4DE92" blockId="4.[151,1437,1389,1486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Banding patterns of the specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF87FFD2FD11572C17B1DEBE" box="[698,738,1390,1413]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
localities have a homozygous inversion in section 4–13. The band patterns
|
||
<date id="0F4E1067FF87FFD2FE9857D314EDDE91" box="[307,446,1425,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" value="1915-12-13" valueMax="1915-12-14" valueMin="1915-12-13">12-13-14-15</date>
|
||
-16-17- of arm F are markers of this arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF6C57F717E7DEF5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1389,1486]" box="[199,692,1461,1486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF6C57F71448DEF5" bold="true" box="[199,283,1461,1486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Arm G</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF87FFD2FE8257F714D9DEF5" box="[297,394,1461,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,248,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,342,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,337,1568]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polytene chromosome G (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of M. paranebulosa). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249593/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is divided into 4 sections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF6C57BF1035DD2D" blockId="4.[199,1382,1533,1558]" box="[199,1382,1533,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
This arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FEE457BD148BDD2D" box="[335,472,1533,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FEE457BD148BDD2D" box="[335,472,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FCB457BD168EDD2D" box="[799,989,1533,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FCB457BD168EDD2D" box="[799,989,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by simple homozygous inversions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C54041434DDB9" blockId="4.[151,359,1605,1666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FF3C54041407DD65" box="[151,340,1605,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF3C54041407DD65" box="[151,340,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
NOR1-2abc-3ab-4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C54F11473DDF1" blockId="4.[151,372,1713,1774]" box="[151,288,1713,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF87FFD2FF3C54F11473DDF1" box="[151,288,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF87FFD2FF3C54F11473DDF1" box="[151,288,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD2FF3C54941427DDD5" blockId="4.[151,372,1713,1774]" box="[151,372,1749,1774]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">NOR1 -2cba-3ab-4.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF87FFD3FF6C555C115FDA26" blockId="4.[151,1437,1821,2026]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
In nine specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF87FFD2FE4C555F1715DC0D" box="[487,582,1821,1846]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
heterozygous inversions in two
|
||
<typeStatus id="A44B8805FF87FFD2FC6C555C1151DC0D" box="[967,1026,1822,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">types</typeStatus>
|
||
were found: inherited and somatic aberrations. Inherited affected all cells of the specimens. The complex inherited heterozygous inversions were detected in arms A, B, C, D and F (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF87FFD2FDF9552717EADC45" box="[594,697,1893,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,248,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,529,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[194,1399,529,1955]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Inherited heterozygous inversion in arm F. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249594/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Somatic aberrations affected few cells only. These
|
||
<typeStatus id="A44B8805FF87FFD2FA9B55241039DC45" box="[1328,1386,1894,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of rearrangements w e r e established in single cells and affected arms A, B, D, F and E from species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF87FFD2FA9D55CB10CADC99" box="[1334,1433,1929,1954]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the specimens collected from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF87FFD2FDE755EC1727DCFE" box="[588,628,1966,1989]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
no homokaryotype was found (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3CB2A22FF87FFD2FC5A55EF1131DCFD" box="[1009,1122,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 6 a" captionStartId="7.[151,248,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6 a. Somatic heterozygous inversion in arm D. Bar is 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249595/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
ab). In all specimens both inherited and somatic rearrangements were detected. Complex inherited heterozygous inversions were found in all chromosome arms, while somatic rearrangements were located mainly near to the centromere regions of chromosomes AB and CD, as well as in the middle of arms A, B, D. Some heterozygous inversions in t h e somatic state were found towards the telomere of arm E. In two specimens from the Southern Afon Goch at City Dulas locality the deletions of arm G in somatic appearance were detected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2F8F662FFF86FFD3FF3C54771669DD51" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" targetBox="[161,1436,342,1550]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF86FFD3FF3C54771669DD51" blockId="5.[151,1437,1589,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FF3C54771441DD71" bold="true" box="[151,274,1589,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Polytene chromosome G (the chromosome was divided to sections in comparison with those chromosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF86FFD3FA2B54741472DD51" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FA2B54741472DD51" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The arrow indicates the centromere. Bar is 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF86FFD3FF6C54D416F8DC90" blockId="5.[151,1437,1686,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Despite an improvement in water quality due to remediation measures earlier this century (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF86FFD3FAB454D51582DDE8" author="Dean" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Dean, A., Lynch, S., Rowland, P., Toft, B., Pittman, J. & White, K. (2013) Natural wetlands are efficient at providing longterm metal remediation of freshwater systems polluted by acid mine drainage. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 12029 - 12036. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1021 / es 4025904" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Dean
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FACF54D510CFDD94" box="[1380,1436,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) water and sediment analysis from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF86FFD3FD3354F91793DDE9" box="[664,704,1723,1746]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
sites all showed a high degree of contamination by the metals copper, zinc, iron and manganese. Concentrations of all metals exceeded standards and guidelines for both sediments and water (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF86FFD3FE7F554017A9DC20" author="Abdullah" box="[468,762,1794,1819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Abdullah, M. & Royle, L. G. (1972) Heavy metal content of some rivers and lakes in Wales. Nature, 238, 329 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 238329 a 0" type="book chapter" year="1972">Abdullah & Royle 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF86FFD3FCBF554116F8DC20" author="Warren" box="[788,939,1795,1819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Warren, L. A. (1981) Contamination of sediments by lead, zinc and cadmium: a review. Environmental Pollution, Series B, 2 (6), 401 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0143 - 148 X (81) 90037 - 9" type="journal article" year="1981">Warren 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; MacDonald
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FBE2554611D7DC20" box="[1097,1156,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF86FFD3FB72554010C3DC20" author="Irish" box="[1241,1424,1794,1819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Irish EPA (2001) Parameters of Water Quality. Interpretation and Standards. Environmental Protection Agency. Johnstown Castle, Ireland, 132 pp." type="book" year="2001">Irish EPA 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the water at all sites is slightly acid to near-neutral (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF86FFD3FCDC556516C8DC04" box="[887,923,1831,1855]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
5.8–7.3) which allows colonization by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF86FFD3FAD5556515AFDC58" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FAD5556515AFDC58" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03E77637FF86FFD3FE9D550814C5DC58" box="[310,406,1866,1891]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
the species was found in a locality characterized by municipal contamination only. The somatic rearrangements described here can thus be used as biomarkers for contaminants in water basins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF86FFD3FF3555D014CCDC90" author="Michailova" box="[158,415,1938,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refString="Michailova, P., Sella, G. & Petrova, N. (2012) Chironomids (Diptera) and their salivary gland chromosomes as indicators of trace metal genotoxicity. Italian Journal of Zoology, 79 (2), 218 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2011.622084" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Michailova
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FE8E55D6140EDC90" box="[293,349,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including trace metals and organic pollutants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33EA652CFF86FFD0FF6C55F410CEDAE6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B4F36A7FF86FFD0FF6C55F410CEDAE6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1686,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,477]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF86FFD3FEAF55F51497DCF4" ID-CoL="6R49Z" box="[260,452,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FEAF55F51497DCF4" box="[260,452,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF86FFD3FE5055F517D6DCF4" ID-CoL="6R4HP" box="[507,645,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF86FFD3FE5055F517D6DCF4" box="[507,645,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had 2n = 8, but differed in their banding patterns of the salivary gland chromosomes. These differences can be explained by chromosome rearrangements (fixed homozygous inversions) that have affected the chromosome morphology but not the chromosome set of both species. The divergence of both species passed on these
|
||
<typeStatus id="A44B8805FF85FFD0FE7152F81746DBE9" box="[474,533,186,210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of aberrations which can be sufficient to act as post-mating reproductive barriers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF85FFD0FF3552981473DBC8" author="King" box="[158,288,218,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" refString="King, M. (1993) Species evolution: Role of chromosome changes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 358 pp." type="book" year="1993">King 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The application of cytogenetic approach for Chironomid identification has been recognized as a useful tool to resolve the problems of species identification in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FC3A52BE1172DA2E" ID-CoL="9G28P" box="[913,1057,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfamily.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FB0252BF1039DA2E" ID-CoL="6R49Z" box="[1193,1386,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF85FFD0FB0252BF1039DA2E" box="[1193,1386,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FF3C535F1448DA0D" ID-CoL="6R4HP" box="[151,283,285,310]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF85FFD0FF3C535F1448DA0D" box="[151,283,285,310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">M.nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sibling species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F614B56FF85FFD0FE54535F160ADA0D" author="Makarchenko" box="[511,857,285,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" refString="Makarchenko, E. & Petrova, N. (1988) Chironomids subfamily Tanypodinae from Far East USSR. Morphological characetristic of Macropelopia paranebulosa Fittkau. Fauna, Systematics and Biology of freshwater invertebrates, 28 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1988">Makarchenko & Petrova 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In external morphology of larvae the both species cannot be distinguished. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FD84537D17EEDA6C" ID-CoL="6R4HP" box="[559,701,318,343]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF85FFD0FD84537D17EEDA6C" box="[559,701,318,343]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae have species-specific cytogenetic markers by which the species can be identified. The cytogenetic method once again has proven useful in identifying Chironomid at the larva stage despite the salivary gland chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FCBB53C316C7DAA1" ID-CoL="6R4HP" box="[784,916,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF85FFD0FCBB53C316C7DAA1" box="[784,916,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">M.nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being very long and spread with difficulties. This is reliable and quick approach for routine identification of species of this and other chironomid genera. The chromosome map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF04D24FF85FFD0FE295387175FDAE6" ID-CoL="6R4HP" box="[386,524,452,477]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4984EAB5FF85FFD0FE295387175FDAE6" box="[386,524,452,477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">M. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented in this work can now be used successfully in genotoxicological studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |