276 lines
25 KiB
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276 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixab017" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7182406" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="6" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="6" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665264814728" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bartoňová, Alena Sucháčková, Konvička, Martin, Marešová, Jana, Bláhová, Dana, Číp, David, Skala, Pavel, Andres, Miloš, Hula, Vladimír, Dolek, Matthias, Geyer, Adi, Böck, Oliver, Kadlec, Tomáš & Fric, Zdeněk Faltýnek" docDate="2021" docId="03EE240CFFCAFF87FC8BB51C61F9E6A7" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.5.5.6.1-18.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 5 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab017" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.5:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Chazara briseis : Decline and Conservation" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFD75C74FFCCFF80FFB9B37D6525E734" masterDocTitle="Extremely Endangered Butterflies of Scattered Central European Dry Grasslands Under Current Habitat Alteration" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1665421775236" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Extremely Endangered Butterflies of Scattered Central European Dry Grasslands Under Current Habitat Alteration</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bartoňová, Alena Sucháčková</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bartonova@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Konvička, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marešová, Jana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bláhová, Dana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Číp, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>JARO Jaroměř NGO, Jaroměř, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skala, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>JARO Jaroměř NGO, Jaroměř, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andres, Miloš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>JARO Jaroměř NGO, Jaroměř, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hula, Vladimír</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technologies, Brno, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dolek, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Büro Geyer und Dolek, Wörthsee and Bamberg, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Geyer, Adi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Büro Geyer und Dolek, Wörthsee and Bamberg, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Böck, Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Büro Geyer und Dolek, Wörthsee and Bamberg, Germany,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kadlec, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, and</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fric, Zdeněk Faltýnek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="series">
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<mods:title>AIFB</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-09-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab017</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixab017</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7182406</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE240CFFCAFF87FC8BB51C61F9E6A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE240CFFCAFF87FC8BB51C61F9E6A7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[818,1294,1633,1657]" box="[818,1294,1633,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading box="[818,1294,1633,1657]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Decline and Conservation" box="[818,1294,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chazara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briseis">
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<emphasis box="[818,990,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chazara briseis</emphasis>
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: Decline and Conservation
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[818,1442,1668,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Decline was rapid all across Central Europe.By 2020, there were three population systems in AT (
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<collectingRegion box="[1072,1208,1698,1718]" country="Austria" name="Niederoesterreich" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lower Austria</collectingRegion>
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, two at military training areas (MTA), one in a nature reserve); a single metapopulation occupying 8 steppe patches and covering two grid cells (area of 10′ latitude and 6′ longitude) in CZ (contrary to 106 cells in 1951–2000) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Benes, J. & M. Konvicka & J. Dvorak & Z. Fric & Z. Havelda & A. Pavlicko & V. Vrabec & Z. Weidenhoffer" box="[825,981,1815,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref13115" refString="Benes, J., M. Konvicka, J. Dvorak, Z. Fric, Z. Havelda, A. Pavlicko, V. Vrabec, and Z. Weidenhoffer. 2002. Motyli Ceske republiky: Rozsireni a ochrana I, II. SOM, Praha." type="book" year="2002">Benes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kadlec, T. & P. Vrba & P. Kepka & T. Schmitt & M. Konvicka" box="[993,1160,1815,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="172 - 183" refId="ref16258" refString="Kadlec, T., P. Vrba, P. Kepka, T. Schmitt, and M. Konvicka. 2010. Tracking the decline of the once-common butterfly: delayed oviposition, demography and population genetics in the hermit Chazara briseis. Anim. Conserv. 13: 172 - 183." type="journal article" year="2010">Kadlec et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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); and about 21 cells in DE (as opposed to 40 after 2000, when it occupied only 13.5% of all DE historical records (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reinhardt, R. & A. Harpke & S. Caspari & M. Dolek & E. Kuhn & M. Musche & R. Trusch & M. Wiemers & J. Settele" box="[990,1185,1874,1894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref18364" refString="Reinhardt, R., A. Harpke, S. Caspari, M. Dolek, E. Kuhn, M. Musche, R. Trusch, M. Wiemers, and J. Settele. 2020. Verbreitungsatlas der tagfalter und widderchen deutschlands. Ulmer Eugen Verlag, Stuttgart." type="book" year="2020">Reinhardt et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation box="[1206,1257,1874,1894]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[146,173,1266,1283]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,149,1229]" captionTargetId="figure-392@2.[152,1435,147,1231]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Localities of the study species in Central Europe (AT, CZ, four federal states of DE, HU, SK), distinguishing recently occupied (color), recently (i.e., post- 2010) extinct (white), recently not inventoried (light gray), and (re)introduced (including failed attempts, dark gray) populations of C. briseis (circles), P. damon (triangles), and P.dorylas (stars). See text for comments on their much denser distribution in the region just a few decades ago. Species P.damon and P.dorylas are present also in the Austrian Alps (not displayed on the map), and a few more (sub)recent populations of the two species are expected in lowland eastern AT." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7182408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7182408/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[818,1442,1668,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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In DE after 2014, the observations came mainly from the metapopulation systems in the Rhön Mts (
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<collectingRegion box="[1228,1323,1932,1952]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
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), Kyffhäuser
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[146,771,148,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[152,247,148,168]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
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), Unstrut Valley (
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<collectingRegion box="[447,588,148,168]" country="Germany" name="Sachsen-Anhalt" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Saxony-Anhalt</collectingRegion>
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), Ostalb (BadenWürttemberg), and a few scattered populations in
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<collectingRegion box="[617,689,177,197]" country="Germany" name="Bayern" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bavaria</collectingRegion>
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. The decline is well documented in some areas. In
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<collectingRegion box="[561,633,207,227]" country="Germany" name="Bayern" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bavaria</collectingRegion>
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, 33 sites were inventoried in 2007–2008 and positive records were obtained from seven of them, in very low densities (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dolek, M. & O. Bock & A. Freese-Hager & M. Konigsdorfer & A. Geyer" box="[493,655,265,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14417" refString="Dolek, M., O. Bock, A. Freese-Hager, M. Konigsdorfer, and A. Geyer. 2007. Standortkontrolle von Berghexe (Chazara briseis) und Rostbinde (Hipparchia semele). Report to Bayerisches Landesamt fur Umwelt (LfU), Augsburg." type="book" year="2007">Dolek et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, 2008). The largest remaining population in
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<collectingRegion box="[438,508,295,315]" country="Germany" name="Bayern" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bavaria</collectingRegion>
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inhabits a former MTA near Heidenheim (Weissenburg-Gunzenhausein), and there are further four isolated sites with small colonies. A monitoring program has been covering the four sites since 2012. At this site, goat grazing is now practiced on a three-cell rotation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Geyer, A. & O. Bock" box="[548,757,412,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref15162" refString="Geyer, A., and O. Bock. 2018. Umsetzung der Bayer. Biodiversitatsstrategie: Die Berghexe, C hazara briseis, bei Heidenheim (Lkr. WUG) und am Hesselberg (Lkr. Ansbach) in Mittelfranken. Report to Bayerisches Landesamt fur Umwelt (LfU), Augsburg." type="book" year="2018">Geyer and Böck 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast to sheep herding, this grazing method maintains a short turf with exposed bedrock and does not impact larval mortality, owing to the nocturnality of the 3rd instar larvae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Konigsdorfer, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref16773" refString="Konigsdorfer, M. 1997. Die Berghexe (Chazara briseis L. Satyridae) in Schwaben und angrenzenden Gebieten. Ber. Naturw. Vereins Schwaben 100: 69 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Königsdorfer 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Transect counts fluctuate between the years around
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<specimenCount pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">120 adults</specimenCount>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Geyer, A." box="[216,326,559,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref15114" refString="Geyer, A. 2020. Umsetzung der Bayer. Biodiversitatsstrategie: die Berghexe, Chazara briseis, bei Heidenheim (Lkr. WUG) und am Hesselberg (Lkr. Ansbach) in Mittelfranken. Report to Bayerisches Landesamt fur Umwelt (LfU), Augsburg." type="book" year="2020">Geyer 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). A population on the foreland of the Südliche Frankenalb (Southern Franconian
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<collectingRegion box="[459,500,588,608]" country="Hungary" name="Gyor" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jura</collectingRegion>
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), first observed in 2008 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bock, O. & M. Dolek" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13166" refString="Bock, O., and M. Dolek. 2008. Kartierung der Berghexe am Hesselberg mit Pflegehinweisen. Report to Bayerisches Landesamt fur Umwelt (LfU), Augsburg." type="book" year="2008">Böck and Dolek 2008</bibRefCitation>
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), is still on the verge of extinction so that managers use a ‘Robocut’ (a remote-controlled mulching vehicle with chain drive) to expose bedrock on selected slopes. The latest monitoring data show that in these newly established areas a few egg depositions have now taken place (
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<bibRefCitation author="Geyer, A." box="[357,464,735,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref15114" refString="Geyer, A. 2020. Umsetzung der Bayer. Biodiversitatsstrategie: die Berghexe, Chazara briseis, bei Heidenheim (Lkr. WUG) und am Hesselberg (Lkr. Ansbach) in Mittelfranken. Report to Bayerisches Landesamt fur Umwelt (LfU), Augsburg." type="book" year="2020">Geyer 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). The remaining three sites in the Südliche Frankenalb are pastures grazed three times per year, one inhabiting also a disused quarry. In
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<collectingRegion box="[493,679,793,813]" country="Germany" name="Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baden-Württemberg</collectingRegion>
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(Ostalb), two metapopulation systems with originally 12 sites each have been managed for the benefit of the species since 1991. Scrub removal, adapted grazing, and recently small-scale soil disturbances are practiced there. As a result, both metapopulations persist with transect count numbers ≈
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<specimenCount box="[307,395,940,960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">60 adults</specimenCount>
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in their core parts; nevertheless, this is much less than in the 1990s.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[146,771,148,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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A mark-recapture program in the last CZ metapopulation in České středohoří (Central Bohemian Uplands) estimated ≈2000 individuals inhabiting ten, then mostly unmanaged, steppe patches in 2006 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kadlec, T. & P. Vrba & P. Kepka & T. Schmitt & M. Konvicka" box="[210,387,1087,1107]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="172 - 183" refId="ref16258" refString="Kadlec, T., P. Vrba, P. Kepka, T. Schmitt, and M. Konvicka. 2010. Tracking the decline of the once-common butterfly: delayed oviposition, demography and population genetics in the hermit Chazara briseis. Anim. Conserv. 13: 172 - 183." type="journal article" year="2010">Kadlec et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Subsequent monitoring documented a steep decline, combated by the re-establishment of sheep grazing in spring and summer. This initially reduced forbs but not the coarse steppe grasses (
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<taxonomicName box="[286,378,1175,1195]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[286,332,1175,1194]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stipa</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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), which suppress the short
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<taxonomicName box="[627,695,1176,1194]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[627,695,1176,1194]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Festuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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patches utilized by the larvae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kadlec, T. & P. Vrba & M. Konvicka" box="[360,533,1204,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref16208" refString="Kadlec, T., P. Vrba, and M. Konvicka. 2009. Microhabitat requirements of caterpillars of the critically endangered butterfly Chazara briseis (L.) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in the Czech Republic. Nota Lepidopterol. 32: 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="2009">Kadlec et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Vrba, P. & S. Grill & T. Kadlec & V. Papaj & M. Konvicka" box="[546,701,1204,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref19680" refString="Vrba, P., S. Grill, T. Kadlec, V. Papaj, and M. Konvicka. 2021. How do adults of the critically endangered hermit butterfly (Chazara briseis) utilise their habitat? (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). J. Insect Conserv. 25: 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="2021">Vrba et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Since 2017, the grazing has been supplemented by manual mowing of the
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<taxonomicName box="[146,192,1263,1282]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[146,192,1263,1282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
patches, litter removal, and patchy raking of the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="John, V., M. & Andres, P. & D. Cip" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref16163" refString="John, V., M. Andres, P. Skala, and D. Cip. 2018. Regionalni akcni plan pro okace skalniho (Chazara briseis). Agentura ochrany prirody a krajiny CR, Sprava CHKO Ceske stredohori, Prague." type="book" year="2018">John et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[146,771,148,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Identical management is currently practiced at slopes of the Hainburger Mts, AT, and the increase of individuals has been visually recorded. The remaining two AT sites are MTAs, and more intensive management is needed there. In the Bakony Mts, HU, a strong population system exists owing to traditional pastoralism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[146,771,148,1957]" lastBlockId="7.[818,1442,148,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
With the aim to restore the CZ metapopulation,
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,684,1469,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
breeding started in 2014 with
|
||
<specimenCount box="[367,467,1497,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[528,645,1497,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
from České středohoří, CZ, in a roofed semi-open facility. They oviposited on potted
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[211,336,1557,1575]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[211,336,1557,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Festuca ovina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. protected against predators and parasitoids. Grown-up larvae were transferred to 60 × 40 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[607,666,1585,1605]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
containers for pupation, eclosion, mating, and oviposition. Adults were handfed daily with a sucrose solution. The initial fertility per female was ≈
|
||
<specimenCount box="[158,240,1673,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="egg">400 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
, but combined losses at eclosion, moltings, and pupation were ≈60%. Suspecting a genetic influence (inbreeding), we added two wild-caught individuals to the
|
||
<emphasis box="[467,527,1733,1751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
population annually since 2017. After that, the mortality dropped considerably. Since 2016, surplus eggs (≈
|
||
<quantity box="[286,377,1791,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="17000.0">17,000 in</quantity>
|
||
total), larvae (≈1,500), and adults (≈500) were annually transferred back to pre-managed peripheral patches near their original site, restoring two additional colonies. Further releases took place in Český kras (Bohemian Karst), a historically occupied region about
|
||
<quantity box="[333,392,1908,1928]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
to the SE: Zlatý kůň (2,000 eggs in 2017, failed to establish), Třesina (590 postwinter larvae in 2020, resulting in an adult population of ≈50–60 individuals), and Radotín (350 postwinter larvae in
|
||
<date box="[1007,1109,178,198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2020-04">April 2020</date>
|
||
, adult count ≈20–30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1442,148,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="CZ" collectorName="Hainburger Mts, AT" county="The" location="We" municipality="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="969" specimenCount-adult="124" specimenCount-egg="500" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-larva="340" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE240CFFCAFF87FC8BB51C61F9E6A7:8E98C3C1FFCBFF87FCEBB3AD664AE7D7" box="[850,879,208,227]" county="The" municipality="The" name="We" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">We</location>
|
||
also bred individuals from
|
||
<collectorName box="[1154,1350,207,227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE240CFFCAFF87FC8BB51C61F9E6A7:8E98C3C1FFCBFF87FB3BB3B26038E7D7" box="[1154,1309,207,227]" county="The" municipality="The" name="Hainburger Mts" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hainburger Mts</location>
|
||
, AT
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1368,1441,207,227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[861,953,236,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
), obtained in 2016, under identical conditions.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1406,1442,236,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
fecundity per female was ≈450–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1119,1202,266,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="egg">500 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
, with developmental failures.
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[867,903,295,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
obtained stock (2017:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1122,1211,295,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="larva">40 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1222,1323,295,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">124 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
; 2018: ≈
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="larva">300 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
) was released to the Mohelenská hadcová step reserve (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1398,1431,324,344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CZ</collectionCode>
|
||
), a site historically connected with the AT localities and prepared by targeted management, but the attempts failed
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |