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<document id="E4198FBEBE885618749CA5586BB3AEE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a78c249-01aa-4fe7-9497-ff4d8f3322b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243829" ID-ZooBank="5E11419C-46F9-49DF-8ED9-08340F8740E5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461032264424" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Johns, Peter M. &amp; Hemp, Claudia" docDate="2015" docId="03ED9175FFA5FF9518C5E0A1EA00FD68" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03946p124.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3946 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Libanasa brachyura Karny 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FFD4E90DFFA5FF921852E57CE964FF98" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Libanasa brachyura Karny, 1928. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae:? Lutosinae) from Tanzania and problems at the subfamily level" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1698573661912" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="4769DC831F04B5A75FCCF84F72DA9DE1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A09A9F8C80CCE09B8337CED3AA332B43">
<mods:title id="0C5561E9D3B406E8F87C97EC47DFB824">Redescription of Libanasa brachyura Karny, 1928. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae:? Lutosinae) from Tanzania and problems at the subfamily level</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="08E28A6F03A5A503A91D241209EFB7CB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="40A3EADBCC1D6619C929E01BC6C9B634">Johns, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9BAB26D7AEDE46C7257029A05635F85A" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F875019D8A1357AB4C271AAD327D3C25">Hemp, Claudia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CA56AB79A8FCEABAA9B7D2DCB59B9F49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B984392709B39C000BF2E31C1342BDB1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:date id="D33F99D9C1C049B7791F70D05A13944B">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4723A7134F4CA761085132A3051F8363" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8DB411FBB7414686B1420E6A2A481B6B">3946</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B142DE0A8268097029D4AB233E87B790">113</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="FE6807EDCAABCFFFAD23377F089A0468">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F1EE4FBBB6178E035B4BBB35AE222EF7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9DE63D8F166E4267FC352A5E5E935BDB" type="GBIF-Dataset">2a78c249-01aa-4fe7-9497-ff4d8f3322b4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03ED9175FFA5FF9518C5E0A1EA00FD68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6098567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6098567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED9175FFA5FF9518C5E0A1EA00FD68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED9175FFA5FF9518C5E0A1EA00FD68" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA5FF9218C5E0A1EA6AFA60" box="[151,782,1501,1528]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA5FF9218C5E0A1EA6AFA60" blockId="0.[151,782,1501,1528]" box="[151,782,1501,1528]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<heading id="D0B3970FFFA5FF9218C5E0A1EA6AFA60" bold="true" box="[151,782,1501,1528]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF9218C5E0A1EA6AFA60" bold="true" box="[151,782,1501,1528]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA5FF9218C5E0A1EB49FA60" authority="Karny, 1928" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,557,1501,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF9218C5E0A1E8EFFA6F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Libanasa brachyura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD55D92FFA5FF9219C1E0A2EB49FA60" author="Karny" box="[403,557,1502,1528]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refString="Karny, H. H. (1928) Gryllacriden aus verschiedenen deutschen und Osterreichen Sammlungen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 89, 247 - 312." type="journal article" year="1928">Karny, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reinstated species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA5FF9218C5E358EB71F9C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA5FF9218C5E358E883F9A2" blockId="0.[151,533,1572,1625]" box="[151,487,1572,1594]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA5FF9218C5E358E883F9A2" authority="Karny, 1928" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,487,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF9218C5E358E801F9A2" box="[151,357,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Libanasa brachyura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD55D92FFA5FF921939E359E883F9A2" author="Karny" box="[363,487,1572,1594]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refString="Karny, H. H. (1928) Gryllacriden aus verschiedenen deutschen und Osterreichen Sammlungen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 89, 247 - 312." type="journal article" year="1928">Karny, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA5FF9218C5E33FEB71F9C1" blockId="0.[151,533,1572,1625]" box="[151,533,1603,1625]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA5FF9218C5E33FEB71F9C1" authority="Johns, 1997" authorityName="Johns" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,533,1603,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF9218C5E33FE82BF9C1" box="[151,335,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Libanasa signatus</emphasis>
: sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFD55D92FFA5FF9219CEE33FEB71F9C1" author="Johns" box="[412,533,1603,1625]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refString="Johns, P. M. (1997) The Gondwanaland Weta: Family Anostostomatidae (formerly in Stenopelmatidae, Henicidae or Minermidae): Nomenclatural problems, World checklist, New Genera and species. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 6, 125 - 138. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3503546" type="journal article" year="1997">Johns, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA5FF9218C5E3FAEA4FF870" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA5FF9218C5E3FAEA72F97F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1670,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF9218C5E3FAE8E0F907" bold="true" box="[151,388,1670,1695]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54FF9EC1FFA5FF9219DCE3FAE890F907" box="[398,500,1670,1695]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♀ nymph. labelled (1)
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA5FF921B57E3FAEA8CF907" box="[773,1000,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA5FF921B57E3FAEA8CF907" box="[773,1000,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Libanasa brachyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
det Karny
<typeStatus id="54FF9EC1FFA5FF921C3EE3FBEDC6F907" box="[1132,1186,1671,1695]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Type</typeStatus>
(in Karny's hand) (2) Coll. Karny (handwritten) (3) Coll. Karny (printed) (
<collectionCode id="ED55B8A6FFA5FF921ABCE3D7EA28F95B" box="[750,844,1707,1731]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">NHMW</collectionCode>
) Dar es Salaam,
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF921C41E3D6ED1DF95B" box="[1043,1145,1706,1731]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
. There is also a so called &quot;allotype&quot; which is a very small female nymph (
<collectionCode id="ED55B8A6FFA5FF921AFBE3B3EA6EF97F" box="[681,778,1743,1767]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">NHMW</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA5FF921895E389EA4FF870" blockId="0.[151,1436,1670,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
2 ♂♂, 1 ♀,
<specimenCount id="9D42EBEAFFA5FF921903E389E818F895" box="[337,380,1781,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
nymph, 1 ♀ nymph, Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve, Kisarawe District,
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF921CFFE388EC75F895" box="[1197,1297,1780,1805]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921D48E389EC1DF895" box="[1306,1401,1777,1805]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="39.05">39o 3’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921DD4E388E9B2F8A9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="-6.95">6o 57’ S</geoCoordinate>
. Coll. FRONTIER
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF9219E7E265EB79F8AA" box="[437,541,1817,1842]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921A7BE265EBAAF8A9" box="[553,718,1817,1842]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="1991-01" valueMax="1991-02-31" valueMin="1991-01-00">Jan–Feb. 1991</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED55B8A6FFA5FF921A8CE265EA51F8A9" box="[734,821,1817,1841]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
<specimenCount id="9D42EBEAFFA5FF921B1BE265EA10F8A9" box="[841,884,1817,1841]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
nymph, 3 ♀♀ nymphs, Kambai Forest Reserve, Muheza District, (Tanga Region),
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF921A62E243EBFCF8C0" box="[560,664,1855,1880]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921AFBE23CEA44F8CF" box="[681,800,1852,1880]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="38.683334">38o 41’ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921B60E23CEAFEF8C0" box="[818,922,1852,1880]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="-4.9833336">4o 59’ S</geoCoordinate>
. coll. FRONTIER
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF921CD2E243ED8CF8C0" box="[1152,1256,1855,1880]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921CABE243ECF8F8C0" box="[1273,1436,1855,1880]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="1991-01" valueMax="1991-02-31" valueMin="1991-01-00">Jan–Feb 1991</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED55B8A6FFA5FF9218CDE218E992F8E4" box="[159,246,1892,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
<specimenCount id="9D42EBEAFFA5FF92195BE218E851F8E4" box="[265,309,1892,1916]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 1 ♀,
<specimenCount id="9D42EBEAFFA5FF92192BE218E8C7F8E4" box="[377,419,1892,1916]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
nymph, 1 ♀ nymph,
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF921AC6E218EB98F8E5" box="[660,764,1892,1917]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, East Usambara Mountains, Zigi Trail,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921CE5E218EC64F8E4" box="[1207,1280,1892,1916]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="555" value="-4.97">4.97 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921D5FE218EC02F8E4" box="[1293,1382,1892,1917]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="555" value="38.67">38.67 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA5FF921D20E218E9CBF807" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, wet forest,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921968E2FBE8A0F838" box="[314,452,1927,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="1999-03">March 1999</date>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921983E2F4EB07F838" box="[465,611,1928,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2001-08">August 2001</date>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921A22E2FBEA69F838" box="[624,781,1927,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2006-10">October 2006</date>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921B4AE2FBEAAEF838" box="[792,970,1927,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2011-12">December 2011</date>
(collection C Hemp). 8 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀,
<specimenCount id="9D42EBEAFFA5FF921D20E2F4ECF8F807" box="[1394,1436,1928,1952]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
nymphs,
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA5FF9218ACE2D0E802F85D" box="[254,358,1964,1989]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, West Usambara Mountains, Lutindi forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921B08E2D0EAC6F85C" box="[858,930,1964,1989]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="555" value="-4.67">4.67 S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7046A4FFA5FF921BF8E2D0ED61F85C" box="[938,1029,1964,1988]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" precision="555" value="38.33">38.33 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA5FF921C43E2D0ED0DF85C" box="[1041,1129,1964,1989]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
, submontane forest,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF921D01E2D0E9B6F870" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2014-03">March 2014</date>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF92188FE2B3E81DF870" box="[221,377,1999,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2014-10">October 2014</date>
,
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA5FF9219D6E2B3EB52F870" box="[388,566,1999,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" value="2014-12">December 2014</date>
(collection C Hemp).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA4FF951895E5EBED3AFE85" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA4FF931895E5EBEBEFFF6F" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF931895E5EBE8D5FF28" bold="true" box="[199,433,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Redescription male.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF9319EAE5EBEB68FF28" box="[440,524,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Colour.</emphasis>
—reddish-brown to paler golden brown on venter, darker over central vertex and central third of pronotum, posterior margins of all tergites slightly darker, more so in centre than at sides, these margins with faint indications of paler spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA4FF931895E478E989FD1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Body smooth, shining (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA4FF93199FE478EB6AFE84" box="[461,526,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,702,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,702,1558]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Libanasa brachyura ♂, Lutindi March 2014." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243830/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Setae sparse, except on the tarsi.
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF931BCBE478ED10FE84" box="[921,1140,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Head and antennae</emphasis>
.—Scape swollen on inner side, 2nd and 3rd units fused, the 3rd elongate, 21–23 basal antennomeres almost bare, others pilose. Mandibles: no ventral process extending ventrad beside labial base in front of lacinia base. Maxillary palps: MP4 swollen in distal 66–70% and for the most part the swelling is also pilose; MP5 fully pilose.
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF931B8EE40EEDFCFE13" box="[988,1176,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Thorax and legs.</emphasis>
—All nota with narrow marginal rim; ventral edge of mesepipleuron forming a weakly projecting rounded flap. Stridulatory organ: Male: T1 with ca 40 short points (or sharp pegs) scattered over lateral surface, smaller closer to pleura; T2 with ca 36 short points over posterior half of lateral surface; T3 with ca 40 short points over posterior half of lateral surface those close to posterior margin broader and aligned dorso-ventrally; T4 with ca 8 very small points, T5 with 1–4 points; T6–9 lacking points and all tergites without fine matt area associated with points as seen in other species; pleural surfaces with very few points; adjacent surface of hind femur smooth, lacking spinules or ridges (
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA4FF931D23E736ECF8FDFB" box="[1393,1436,586,611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" value="1925-10">25x</date>
magn.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA4FF9318C5E34FEB8EF9D1" box="[151,746,1587,1609]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243830/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" targetBox="[151,1436,702,1558]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA4FF9318C5E34FEB8EF9D1" blockId="1.[151,746,1587,1609]" box="[151,746,1587,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF9318C5E34FE877F9D0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1587,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA4FF931971E34FE895F9D1" authority="Lutindi" authorityName="Lutindi" box="[291,497,1587,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA4FF931971E34FE895F9D1" box="[291,497,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Libanasa brachyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
♂, Lutindi March 2014.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA4FF961895E30FECF9F843" blockId="1.[151,1437,1651,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1698,2011]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Coxal spines narrow, sharp. Front leg: inner coxal margin with a single pale, thick swelling surmounted by a single long seta; femur lacking spines below; no apical spines; tibia with prominent, ovoid tympanum on both sides, and slightly swollen nearby; long, moveable, dorsal spine at ca 0.4x from base; 4 ventral pairs the proximal pair close to the distal apex of tympanum; 2 dorsal and 2 ventral apical spurs. Middle leg: inner coxal margin with a single pale, thick swelling surmounted by a single long seta; femur lacking spines below and at apex; tibia with a dorsal proximal pair of articulated spines, placed almost symmetrically, a single retrolateral spine before midpoint and another pair distad at ca 0.8; 2 dorso-apicals and 2 ventro-apicals; 4 ventral pairs placed almost symmetrically.
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA4FF9318C5E213E9ABF810" box="[151,207,1903,1928]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg: inner coxal margin with two pale, thick swellings, the inner about twice the size of the outer, each surmounted by a single long seta; femur broad at base narrowing to a long almost cylindrical neck, the ventral ridges being reduced; 12 or 13 lateral &quot;muscle&quot; or &quot;chevron&quot; ridges, ca 21 ventro-lateral visible muscle block insertion patches; ventral ridges poorly developed, lack spines and have few setae; single small retrolateral apical genual spine; tibia with weak dorsal ridges, the 10–11 non-articulated, spines small, sharp and entirely lacking insertion rings, set along distal 2/3rds of tibia, arranged irregularly in pairs; apical spurs fully moveable within insertion rings; dorsal subapical pair relatively short, prolateral apical slightly shorter than metatarsus, retrolateral apical reaching midpoint of 2nd tarsomere; short ventroapical pair and even shorter subapical ventral pair (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA1FF961D1AE272ECEAF8BF" box="[1352,1422,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,771,793]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,195,746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,195,746]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hind tibial apex, retrolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243833/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); usually 1 ventral spine just beyond midlength. Prosternum: presternite indicated by a field of setae, basisternite weakly bilobed; furcosternite broad, triangular, the pit at each lateral corner; postfurcasternite bipartite, weakly sclerotised. Mesosternum; spinasternite small, free; presternite weakly sclerotised, setose; basisternite with pair elongate blunt cones reaching almost the length of adjacent coxa, each with a single, long seta; furca and spinasternite fused, forming a sclerotised cavity, presumably fusing with the postfurcasternite (if present).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA7FF9018C5E2F2EBA3F83C" box="[151,711,1934,1956]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243831/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" targetBox="[151,1435,195,1904]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA7FF9018C5E2F2EBA3F83C" blockId="2.[151,711,1934,1956]" box="[151,711,1934,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA7FF9018C5E2F2E876F83C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1934,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
♂ abdominal apex (slightly skew aspect).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA6FF9118C5E2D8EB30F822" box="[151,596,1956,1978]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243832/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" targetBox="[162,1423,195,1931]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA6FF9118C5E2D8EB30F822" blockId="3.[151,596,1956,1978]" box="[151,596,1956,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA6FF9118C5E2D8E876F821" bold="true" box="[151,274,1956,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
♂ sternites &amp; subgenital plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA1FF9618C5E67FEB11FC81" box="[151,629,771,793]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243833/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" targetBox="[150,1436,195,746]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA1FF9618C5E67FEB11FC81" blockId="4.[151,629,771,793]" box="[151,629,771,793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA1FF9618C5E67FE876FC80" bold="true" box="[151,274,771,793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Hind tibial apex, retrolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA1FF9618C5E323EAA9F9ED" box="[151,973,1631,1653]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243834/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" targetBox="[150,1436,829,1607]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA1FF9618C5E323EAA9F9ED" blockId="4.[151,973,1631,1653]" box="[151,973,1631,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA1FF9618C5E323E876F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,274,1631,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA1FF96194BE323E882F9ED" box="[281,486,1631,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA1FF96194BE323E882F9ED" box="[281,486,1631,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Libanasa brachyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thoracic pleura, exposed mesothoracic spiracle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA0FF9718C5E5E4EA8BFED8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
Metasternum: spinasternite fused with mesosternite (see above); presternite distinct, inset into centre of basisternite; triangular, with median longitudinal depression; basisternite thus almost divided, with pair of narrower elongate blunt cones set slightly closer than mesosternal pair, each with a single, long seta; furcosternite deep with cavity, overhung by a slightly swollen median lobe on first abdominal sternite.
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA0FF971C40E478EDE0FE85" box="[1042,1156,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Abdomen.</emphasis>
- Cerci: ♂ and ♀ similar, long, thin and narrowing to a sharp, setose apex (i.e. no bare sclerotised tip).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA0FF971895E430E8CBFD30" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
Male abdominal sternites: broadening distad (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA0FF971A95E430EA6EFEFC" box="[711,778,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1424,195,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. ♂ sternites &amp; subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243832/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), smooth, each almost bare over 2/3rds of anterior surface, otherwise with fine, short setae. Terminalia: T9 with 2 slightly swollen and dark, sclerotised, submedian lobes, the falci of T10 widely separated and hooked over these lobes (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA0FF971B6AE4E8EA18FE34" box="[824,892,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,195,1906]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. ♂ abdominal apex (slightly skew aspect)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243831/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); supra-anal plate simple, semi-lunar, its margin slightly thickened; paranal plates relatively short, each apex turned dorsad and with two very short spinous hooks: subgenital plate massive (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA0FF97199AE4A0EB74FE6C" box="[456,528,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,195,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1424,195,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. ♂ sternites &amp; subgenital plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243832/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), 2.5x length of adjacent sternite, broad at base the corners close to tergite, extending as a rounded bulbous plate that is weakly emarginate in centre, styles very short, not extending beyond margin of plate; fine short setae over entire lateral and posterior margins and extending onto adjacent surfaces, the central surface almost bare; inner walls of endophallus can expand and expose numerous short, narrow sclerotised plates which have 3–6 very fine points on their surface (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA0FF971B49E710EA04FD1C" box="[795,864,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,195,1906]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. ♂ abdominal apex (slightly skew aspect)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243831/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), its dorsal surface with many irregular transverse rows of pointed spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA0FF971895E7C8ED9DFCC5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA0FF971895E7C8E841FD55" bold="true" box="[199,293,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Female.</emphasis>
Stridulatory organ: far fewer and sparser pegs. Tracheal spiracles: pronotal subcircular, closed by three subequal lobes, anterior, posterior and ventral; mesonotal ovoid, with two lobes. 1st abdominal enlarged closed by two apparently weakly sclerotised lobes which have scattered sclerotised points these also over the adjacent pleural surfaces; other abdominal spiracles nearly equal in size circular or slightly ovoid, the posterior two (7th &amp; 8th segments) within a notch formed by a small extension of adjacent tergite behind spiracle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA0FF971895E61BE80DFB5D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
Female subgenital plate massive, basal corners close to T8, narrowing to a broad, weakly bilobed plate, the median emargination short, inner ridge weak lacking a median extension that would fit in the triangular space at the base of the ovipositor; dorsal and ventral valves of equal length, smooth-edged, gently curved; paired inner valves almost as long; dorsal valve with setae over dorsal half of internal surface. The adult female has a median sclerotised strip separate from the margin of the sixth sternite and adjacent pocket, yet appears to lack a pair of glands. Two presumed juvenile females (penultimate instar ovipositor ca
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA0FF971B9EE160ED78FBAC" box="[972,1052,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
) have the ventral valves distinctly shorter than the dorsal valves but both pairs appear fully sclerotised. Also under the margin of the 6th sternite there are pair of sclerotised rings and blackened internal structure suggestive of a gland. No other features indicate that these females could be of another species. Egg: heavily sclerotised, dark red-brown, elongate oval, finely scuptured hexagonal surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA0FF9718C5E29CEA8AF86E" box="[151,1006,2016,2038]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243835/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[150,1436,1276,1991]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA0FF9718C5E29CEA8AF86E" blockId="5.[151,1006,2016,2038]" box="[151,1006,2016,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA0FF9718C5E29CE876F86D" bold="true" box="[151,274,2016,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA0FF97194BE29CE8F3F86E" box="[281,407,2016,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Hypocophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA0FF97194BE29CE8F3F86E" box="[281,407,2016,2038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Hypocophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. mesothoracic spiracle covered by a mesepipleural flap.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3B70EBFFA3FF9418C5E2D9ED0AF823" box="[151,1134,1957,1979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243836/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[214,1372,195,1932]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA3FF9418C5E2D9ED0AF823" blockId="6.[151,1134,1957,1979]" box="[151,1134,1957,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA3FF9418C5E2D9E876F822" bold="true" box="[151,274,1957,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Mating pair of
<taxonomicName id="4C445BE0FFA3FF9419E3E2DAEBC2F823" authority="Zigi Trail" authorityName="Zigi Trail" box="[433,678,1957,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Libanasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyura">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA3FF9419E3E2DAEB51F823" box="[433,565,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">L. brachyura</emphasis>
, Zigi Trail
</taxonomicName>
, East Usambara Mountains, December 2011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA2FF951895E5EBED3AFE85" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA2FF951895E5EBE819FF28" bold="true" box="[199,381,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Measurements.</emphasis>
Lengths (large adults preserved, abdomen flexible or broken): body
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951CD2E5EBED98FF37" box="[1152,1276,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 mm</quantity>
, antennae
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951D20E5E4E98CFF4C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="82.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="80.0">80– 85 mm</quantity>
, pronotum
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951935E5C0E8AAFF4C" box="[359,462,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
, hind leg femur:
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951ADFE5C0EBBAFF4C" box="[653,734,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
, tibia:
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951B79E5C0EA19FF4C" box="[811,893,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
; tarsus:
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; metatarsus:
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951CFDE5C0EC6CFF4C" box="[1199,1288,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; male cerci
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951DDCE5C0E9A1FF6F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, female cerci
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951937E59CE8D3FF6F" box="[357,439,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, ovipositor
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951A6CE59CEBDFFF6F" box="[574,699,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20–23 mm</quantity>
; egg: 5.0 x
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951B10E59CEAF8FF6F" box="[834,924,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
. Three slightly smaller specimens are treated here as penultimate instars, but if not, they represent size variation within populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA2FF951895E45BED7EFE10" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA2FF951895E45BEB7AFEFC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA2FF951895E45BE804FED8" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA2FF95193EE45BE8B5FED8" box="[364,465,295,320]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(West Usambara Mountains, East Usambara Mountains, coastal
<collectingCountry id="F35360F3FFA2FF951C9CE45BEC57FED8" box="[1230,1331,295,320]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
between Tanga and Dar es Salaam) (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA2FF95199EE430EB74FEFC" box="[460,528,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,195,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[214,1372,195,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mating pair of L. brachyura, Zigi Trail, East Usambara Mountains, December 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA2FF951895E413ED7EFE10" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,1050,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA2FF951895E413E84EFE10" bold="true" box="[199,298,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coastal, wet evergreen lowland to submontane forest (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA2FF951BC0E413EA85FE10" box="[914,993,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1105,1128]" captionTargetBox="[203,1389,195,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[203,1390,195,1085]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lutindi forest, West Usambara Mountains at 1250 m, habitat of L. brachyura." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243838/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA2FF951BBCE40CED69FE10" box="[1006,1037,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1988,2011]" captionTargetBox="[200,1384,1182,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[200,1385,1182,1972]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Submontane forest in the East Usambara Mountains where another population of L. brachyura exists." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243839/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E73E8FFA2FF951895E4E8EA00FD68" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFB2063FFA2FF951895E4E8EA00FD68" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B930FC71FFA2FF951895E4E8E843FE35" bold="true" box="[199,295,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Biology.</emphasis>
Carnivorous night-active species. One proventriculus, of usual anostostomatid construction (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD55D92FFA2FF951D12E4E8E9B6FE48" author="Maskell" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" refString="Maskell, F. G. (1928) The anatomy of Hemideina thoracica. Transactions of the New Zealand Institut e, 57, 637 - 670." type="journal article" year="1928">Maskell 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD55D92FFA2FF9518B3E4CBE838FE48" author="Judd" box="[225,348,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" refString="Judd, W. W. (1948) A comparative study of the proventriculus of orthopteroid insects with reference to its use in taxonomy. Canadian journal of research, D (26), 93 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / cjr 48 d- 011" type="journal article" year="1948">Judd 1948</bibRefCitation>
), contained a mass of fine irregularly broken, hyaline tubes, probably guard hairs from plant leaves, and numerous femora, tibiae, setae and macerated portions of bodies of lepidopteran or coleopteran larvae; three small (&lt;
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951964E77CE81CFD80" box="[310,376,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), chewed heads with prominent hemispherical eyes were reminiscent of small lathridiids. Very little material which could be from soft plant tissue was present. Individuals are found among forest litter and on branches of understory vegetation up to
<quantity id="4CBC8D86FFA2FF951A37E73BEBA2FDC7" box="[613,710,583,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 m</quantity>
. Mating. Males produce large spermatophores (
<figureCitation id="137F3CE6FFA2FF951CB5E73BEC4FFDF8" box="[1255,1323,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,807,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[162,1428,807,1694]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of L. brachyura in East Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243837/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) and stay together with females in mating position for a period of approximately 0.5 to several hours. Many adult specimens and several mating pairs were seen on the Zigi Trail in the East Usambara Mountains in
<date id="FFFA06A3FFA2FF951CFAE7F3EC3BFD30" box="[1192,1375,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" value="2011-12">December 2011</date>
. One female dissected held only five, deeply sclerotised eggs within the abdomen perhaps indicating that eggs are laid between then and February during the wetter season of the year.
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</treatment>
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