313 lines
35 KiB
XML
313 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="86AEF1448124A22BC134CB3592FDA9F3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249140" ID-ZooBank="C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692944579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trager, James C." docDate="2013" docId="03DBDC46FFAAFF894BBEFEAEFD7F6F02" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyergus topoffi Trager, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="C83DB353-4F7C-4557-882F-798E9A986B87" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="520" masterDocId="FFE2A43EFFB8FF9A4B29FFC1FFE46976" masterDocTitle="Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="519" updateTime="1698351922635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F0508F953FB895CBB972E71E72524A94">
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<mods:title id="205952B8BC68861A2BF9BB44F16823F4">Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="615B07738FC7EEA62EB7408075843DAD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CECD0B25CC7568925B230BBC3B7CB9D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DEA9B784B36180A5E239752C1DA13A01">Trager, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C175D1350BBEA5E1E0BE58E93766921">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="28544CFAC580A03CEB70025E05FB7F21">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4AE07654E48B0CCC4D65A57A5CC156C4">
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<mods:date id="D6ADE4698371BB7AC1B7285760B0088C">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="596A0383B74C6A8209DF0A04A57ED62D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8E0E8F2866C6E31D879B6255A1EE4765">3722</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B95F7276286F9FDD1B8DBAB643B2892D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B9AB291519F265C1FA3B08F1251E6706">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7DD28B582B99671D727126665ECE193D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8EAA304F74405BAF3CC3BDD40BD873E6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DD9353914BE34A5FE527CB0C4BC39601" type="GBIF-Dataset">d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A64A8EC4DCCB27C40DAE37511D8E9DEE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="900D91923CB5E7FADB5663DF40206D18" type="Zenodo-Dep">249140</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DBDC46FFAAFF894BBEFEAEFD7F6F02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6150055" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C83DB353-4F7C-4557-882F-798E9A986B87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDC46FFAAFF894BBEFEAEFD7F6F02" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE8668DD" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE1968FC" blockId="18.[151,509,367,427]" box="[151,509,367,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<heading id="D085DA3CFFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE1968FC" bold="true" box="[151,509,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE1968FC" bold="true" box="[151,509,367,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE8168FF" box="[151,357,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BBEFEAEFE8168FF" bold="true" box="[151,357,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Polyergus topoffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2350C39FFAAFF884A44FEB1FE1968FC" box="[365,509,368,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BBEFE53FE8668DD" blockId="18.[151,509,367,427]" box="[151,354,402,427]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<figureCitation id="134971D5FFAAFF884BBEFE53FE8668DD" box="[151,354,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1554,1577]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1533]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Lateral, full face, and dorsal views of Polyergus topoffi worker CASENT 0281077. Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249147/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Figures 15, 16, 17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFAAFF884BBEFE1AFEFE6DD8" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BBEFE1AFD876B3A" blockId="18.[151,1436,474,588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884BBEFE1AFE806886" box="[151,356,475,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BBEFE1AFE806886" box="[151,356,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Polyergus rufescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884A42FE1BFC9F6886" authority="Wheeler 1914: 56" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1914" box="[363,891,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufescens" subSpecies="breviceps" variety="montezuma">
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884A9BFE1AFDF66886" box="[434,530,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">breviceps</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF88496FFE1AFD5E6886" box="[582,698,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
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Wheeler 1914: 56
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unavailable name; following material referred here:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884BEEFE38FECA6B79" box="[199,302,505,527]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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, HIDALGO Pachuca [MCZ; 1 gyne,
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<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFAAFF8849E7FE38FCDF6B79" box="[718,827,505,527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
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, and host
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF88489AFE3BFBEE6B79" box="[947,1034,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF88489AFE3BFBEE6B79" box="[947,1034,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Formica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; red
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884F63FE3BFB7D6B79" box="[1098,1177,506,527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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label 9221] (examined, misspelled as “montezumia” on handwritten accompanying label); [USNM, 59726] (not examined; misspelled as “montezumia” in USNM
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884AE3FDF6FE116B3A" box="[458,501,567,588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">type</typeStatus>
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database).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BBEFDB8FC9A6BC0" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884BBEFDB8FF1B6BE4" box="[151,255,633,658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker:
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884A4FFDBBFE456BE4" box="[358,417,634,658]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">USA</collectingCountry>
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, ARIZONA, Cochise Co., Portal. Topoff property, N31°
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<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFAAFF884F08FDB8FB4F6BE4" box="[1057,1195,633,658]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" precision="55" value="-54.578">54.578 W</geoCoordinate>
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109°0 8.909 CWT068
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<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFAAFF884BBEFD5FFF0B6BC3" box="[151,239,670,694]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.472" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" unit="m" value="1472.0">1472 m</quantity>
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. Mesquite-Acacia thicket. JC Trager & CW Torres (MCZ)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFD03FC696BAC" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" box="[199,909,705,730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884BEEFD03FECD6BAC" box="[199,297,706,730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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workers: Same data as
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF88491BFD00FD706BAC" box="[562,660,705,730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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[MCZ, CAS, LACM]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFD24FC996A54" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884BEEFD24FECB6B88" box="[199,303,741,766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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[ARIZONA, Cochise Co., as above] HL 1.62, HW 1.56, SL 1.22, ½ VeM 1, ½ PnM 9, WL 2.42, GL 2.40, HFL 1.80, CI 96, SI 78, HFI 115, FSI 148, LI 4.04, TL 6.44.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFCEFFF066AC4" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884BEEFCEFFED06A30" box="[199,308,814,838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(N=5) [ARIZONA, Cochise Co., as above] HL 1.56–1.64 (1.60), HW 1.52–1.60 (1.54), SL 1.20– 1.24 (1.22), ½ VeM 0–1 (0.55),, ½ PnM 6–9 (7.20), WL 2.32–2.42 (2.39), GL 2.16–2.40 (2.24), HFL 1.72–1.80 (1.76), CI 95–98 (97), SI 75–82 (79), HFI 111–117 (1.14), FSI 139–148 (144), LI 3.88–4.04 (3.98), TL 6.12–6.44 (6.22).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFC7FFB8D6D68" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BEEFC7FFEA36AA3" box="[199,327,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
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material (N=3) [MCZ] HL 1.48–1.60 (1.53), HW 1.50–1.53 (1.50), SL 1.20 (all 3), ½ VeM 0 (all 3),, ½ PnM 12–15 (13.67), WL 2.36 (all 3), GL 2.16–2.24 (2.20), HFL 1.64–1.72 (1.68), CI 96–100 (98), SI 78–81 (80), HFI 111–112 (1.12), FSI 137–143 (140), LI 3.84–3.9 (3.89), TL 6.08–6.12 (6.09).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFBEBFEFE6DD8" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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Measurements, exclusive of
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF88493FFBEBFD726D37" box="[534,662,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF884988FBEBFCE36D34" box="[673,775,1066,1090]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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(N=31)) HL 1.48–1.68 (1.60), HW 1.40–1.64 (1.53), SL 1.16–1.28 (1.23), ½ VeM 0–1 (0.23), ½ PnM 4–9 (6.87), WL 2.16–2.52 (2.37), GL 1.84–2.56 (2.20), HFL 1.68– 1.88 (1.77), CI 93–100 (96), SI 75–86 (80), HFI 108–121 (116), FSI 139–155 (145), LI 3.68–4.20 (3.97), TL 5.54– 6.64 (6.16).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFAAFF884BEEFB78FECA6C17" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFB78FECA6C17" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BEEFB78FE5C6DA4" bold="true" box="[199,440,1209,1234]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Worker description.</emphasis>
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Superficially rather similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884838FB7BFC636DA7" box="[785,903,1210,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884838FB7BFC636DA7" box="[785,903,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but slightly more gracile, and nearly restricted to a Mexican distribution. Head nearly rectangular or quadrate, straight-sided anterior to eyes, with vertex corners rounded, HL usually a bit greater than HW; with vertex pilosity lacking or up to 2 setae; scapes not reaching vertex corners by about 1.5 maximum scape widths, notably clavate in the apical third; pronotum with 8–22 dorsal erect setae (but see
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFAAFF894BEEFAACFCED6849" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEFAACFCB06F4B" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BEEFAACFEA86CF0" bold="true" box="[199,332,1389,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Discussion.</emphasis>
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of
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884A58FAAFFE146CF3" box="[369,496,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
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“
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFAAFF88492BFAAFFDA76CF0" box="[514,579,1390,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">types</typeStatus>
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”, below); mesonotum with profile flat or only slightly convex for most of its length, with a short posterior declivity; propodeum evenly rounded with dorsal and declivitous faces, especially in smaller workers, usually at>90o angle; petiole straight-sided above spiracles, sides parallel or only slightly converging dorsad, flowing seamlessly into the semicircular petiolar dorsum; first tergite densely pubescent, pubescence very fine; first tergite pilosity evenly distributed or slightly denser anteriad, some setae flexuous near front of tergite, but most weakly flexuous or straight, suberect.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEF989FD0F6FF3" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Head matte to weakly shining; mesonotum matte to weakly shining, with scant pubescence; gaster matte to weakly shining beneath pubescence, shinier on sides.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF884BEEF951FE626E4F" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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Color mostly tannish-red with infuscation of posterior portions of tergites and slightly darker legs. Mesosomal pilosity usually notably darker than body color, gaster pilosity more reddish; pubescence short and yellowish gray. Only minor individual variation was detected among the Arizona specimens studied, and the Mexican
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884E35F918FA7F6F86" box="[1308,1435,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
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differed only in somewhat more abundant pilosity, but fit perfectly in the middle of the measurement cloud of other specimens measured.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFAAFF894BEEF885FCED6849" blockId="18.[151,1437,633,2029]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,1653]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BEEF885FEA86E2B" bold="true" box="[199,332,1860,1885]" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Discussion.</emphasis>
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Of all the Nearctic species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF8849AFF885FD2B6E2A" box="[646,719,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF8849AFF885FD2B6E2A" box="[646,719,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">topoffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the one that most resembles Palearctic
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884F88F885FAEF6E2A" box="[1185,1291,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884F88F885FAEF6E2A" box="[1185,1291,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">rufescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in sculpture, pilosity, head shape and appendage length. Where it overlaps with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF8848AEF8A8FC196EF6" box="[903,1021,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF8848AEF8A8FC196EF6" box="[903,1021,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in distribution, it is distinguished by a less shiny appearance and somewhat more tannish tinge to the base red color, longer scapes and legs, occurrence at lower elevations, and parasitism of different hosts. The scapes are longer than all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884FB9F871FB1E6EBF" box="[1168,1274,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884FB9F871FB1E6EBF" box="[1168,1274,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFAAFF884BC2F814FEDB6E9A" box="[235,319,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF884BC2F814FEDB6E9A" box="[235,319,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">vinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wheeler’s unavailable variety
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFAAFF88499DF814FCD76E9A" box="[692,819,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">montezuma</emphasis>
|
||
, collected near Pachuca, Hidalgo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884FE5F815FAC66E9B" box="[1228,1314,2004,2029]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFAAFF884E7DF814FA7C6E9A" box="[1364,1432,2005,2028]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="18" pageNumber="519">Mann</collectingCountry>
|
||
, belongs in this species, as it fits neatly within middle the range of metrics for Arizona
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894F9CFF59FB1B69C6" box="[1205,1279,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894F9CFF59FB1B69C6" box="[1205,1279,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except with somewhat more abundant pilosity), and also comes from a subxeric, semi-open habitat. The three worker specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894A1AFF20FE57698E" box="[307,435,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">montezuma</emphasis>
|
||
are more pilose than most Arizona specimens, with 22–26 macrosetae on the pronotum, and the three specimens each possess a few erect macrosetae lower on the sides of the pronotum. The
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894E35FEC4FA78686A" box="[1308,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">montezuma</emphasis>
|
||
sample is associated with the host species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894959FEE8FCE66836" box="[624,770,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcyanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894959FEE8FCE66836" box="[624,770,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">F. subcyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFABFF894BEEFE8DFF146AD2" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFABFF894BEEFE8DFB5F68DB" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894BEEFE8DFEAA6813" bold="true" box="[199,334,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
I name this for Howard Topoff, who with his students has contributed so much to the modern literature on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894A01FEAEFE7C68FE" box="[296,408,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894A01FEAEFE7C68FE" box="[296,408,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in particular on this species. Howard also has a magnificent colony of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894E02FEAEFA7F68FE" box="[1323,1435,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894E02FEAEFA7F68FE" box="[1323,1435,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near his house outside Portal AZ from which
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFABFF8949BCFE55FD1368DB" box="[661,759,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFABFF8948B7FE54FBED68DB" box="[926,1033,405,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFABFF894BEEFE76FF146AD2" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894BEEFE76FE6268A6" bold="true" box="[199,390,439,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894AA7FE76FDB468A6" box="[398,592,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894AA7FE76FDB468A6" box="[398,592,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Polyergus topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively well-studied. Studies of a population in the vicinity of Portal, AZ, and at the Southwest Biological Research Station, just
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894804FE1DFC996883" box="[813,893,476,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 miles</quantity>
|
||
to the west, make this among the best studied of North American species. Colony foundation, sexual behavior, scouting and raiding of this species are documented in numerous publications by Howard Topoff and his students, under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894F3DFDE5FB136B4B" box="[1044,1271,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894F3DFDE5FB136B4B" box="[1044,1271,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Topoff 1982, 1985, Topoff
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894A06FD88FE846B16" box="[303,352,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984, 1985a, 1985b, 1988a, 1988b, 1989, Topoff and Greenberg 1988, Topoff 1990, Topoff and Mendez 1990, Topoff and Zimmerli 1993, Zimmerli and Topoff 1994), and even in National Geographic Society videos made with these authors’ cooperation, and at this writing, still occasionally aired on television nature programs. In the Chiricahua Mts. of AZ, the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894823FD75FCB76BBA" box="[778,851,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894823FD75FCB76BBA" box="[778,851,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from riparian desert scrub at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894FDFFD75FAAB6BBA" box="[1270,1359,692,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
|
||
, to the ecotone of oak-juniper and conifer forest around
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF8949E9FD19FCF16B99" box="[704,789,728,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
|
||
(and higher, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFABFF8948E1FD16FBC76B86" box="[968,1059,727,752]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
). It raids after the heat of the day, typically between 17:00 hr and dusk, robbing pupae from the host nests with little resistance and no mortality of the host workers, these known otherwise for their aggressive physical and chemical nest defense. Specimens of Wheeler’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFABFF894A3AFC84FE216A2A" box="[275,453,837,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" rank="variety" variety="montezuma">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894A6FFC84FE216A2A" box="[326,453,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">montezuma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fit nicely, in metrics, color and surface texture, in the morphological concept of this species. Thus, subtropical, Madrean scrublands and oak woodlands of the Mexican highlands are another habitat of this ant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFABFF894BEEFC6EFD7F6F02" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFABFF894BEEFC6EFD7F6F02" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFABFF894BEEFC6EFDB86ABE" bold="true" box="[199,604,943,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Distribution of studied specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mtns.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894F16FC6EFB616ABE" box="[1087,1157,943,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5km</quantity>
|
||
292° Portal
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894E31FC6EFA786ABE" box="[1304,1436,943,968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="9" value="31.932">31°55.92’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
10910.67’W ocotillo-opuntia rocky slope
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894954FC15FD286A9B" box="[637,716,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF8949FFFC15FC616A9B" box="[726,901,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2005-08-04" valueMax="2005-08-14" valueMin="2005-08-04">4-14-VIII-2005</date>
|
||
JT Longino (JTLC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. Cave Cr. Canyon
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF89491AFC39FD536D66" box="[563,695,1016,1040]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1971-09-10">IX-10-1971</date>
|
||
(LACM); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. Cave Creek Canyon Idlewilde Cmpgr. Elev. 4950’ #1466
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF8949BDFBDDFD1F6D42" box="[660,763,1052,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1988-04-08">8/4/1988</date>
|
||
; ARIZONA Cochise Co. S.W.R.S. 1995 Savolainen (1) 75/ 95; ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. Piney Canyon 5700’ Elev.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF8948FFFBFEFBA86D2E" box="[982,1100,1087,1112]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="31.968334">31°58.1’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894F7DFB81FB3A6D2E" box="[1108,1246,1088,1112]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="-109.32">109°19.2’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894FCFFB81FA8F6D2E" box="[1254,1387,1088,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1991-08-03">3.VIII.1991</date>
|
||
#11 RA Johnson (RAJC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. SW Research Sta.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894F60FBA5FB5B6D0B" box="[1097,1215,1124,1149]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="31.883333">31°53.0’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894FE1FBA5FAB66D0A" box="[1224,1362,1124,1148]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="-109.205">109°12.3’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
5400’ Elev.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894BFFFB49FEB56DD6" box="[214,337,1160,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1993-07-09">9.VII.1993</date>
|
||
#249 RA Johnson (RAJC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Southwest Rsch. Section.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894FF9FB46FA9E6DD6" box="[1232,1402,1159,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1986-08-07">7-August-1986</date>
|
||
H. Topoff P3, P5 (JCTC); SPCover (MCZ); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. SWRS
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFABFF894FAFFB6DFB5C6DB2" box="[1158,1208,1196,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894FAFFB6DFB576DB2" box="[1158,1203,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
W Portal Oak-Pine- Juniper Forest S of Station Elev. 5500’ SPCover #1472 (MCZ); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFABFF894E6FFB0EFA9E6D91" box="[1350,1402,1231,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894E6FFB0EFA916D91" box="[1350,1397,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
W Portal
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894BCCFB35FE846C7B" box="[229,352,1268,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1921-07-29">21-29 July</date>
|
||
and (?)
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894AE0FB35FDA06C7A" box="[457,580,1268,1292]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1983-08">Aug. 1983</date>
|
||
M. Pagani; ARIZONA Cochise Co. Portal
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894F60FB35FB3F6C7B" box="[1097,1243,1268,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1956-07-03">July 3, 1956</date>
|
||
#370 AC Cole (LACM); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Wilcox. Cochise Stronghold July 30,1954 #155,124,155 AC Cole (LACM); ARIZONA Gila Co. Jones Water Camp
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF8949A5FAFDFCCD6C23" box="[652,809,1340,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1986-07-14">14 July 1986</date>
|
||
0 0 4 GC Snelling (JCTC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Coronado NF Cave Creek Ranch 31.90300-109.13495±
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894818FA9EFCB16C0E" box="[817,853,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF89485DFAA1FC256C0E" box="[884,961,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.491" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1491.0">1491m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF8948F9FAA1FB866C0E" box="[976,1122,1376,1400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2011-08-31">31.VIII.2011</date>
|
||
Zach Lieberman (JCTC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mtns.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF8949ACFA45FD2F6CEB" box="[645,715,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="km" value="9.3">9.3km</quantity>
|
||
W Portal
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF89486EFA45FC716CEA" box="[839,917,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900m</quantity>
|
||
31.89956-109.23863±
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894FBEFA45FB336CEA" box="[1175,1239,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
|
||
oak-pine-juniper woodland
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894A27FA69FE7F6CB6" box="[270,411,1448,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2011-07-10">10-VII-2011</date>
|
||
Zach Lieberman (JCTC); ARIZONA Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mtns.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894F97FA66FAF76CB6" box="[1214,1299,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="km" value="10.5">10.5km</quantity>
|
||
W Portal E
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFABFF894BBEFA0DFF036C93" box="[151,231,1484,1509]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Creek 31.90882-109.25211±
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF894969FA0DFD9B6C92" box="[576,639,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFABFF8949A6FA0DFD396C93" box="[655,733,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="1960.0">1960m</quantity>
|
||
pine-oak forest/Douglas fir
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894F12FA0DFB286C92" box="[1083,1228,1484,1508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="2011-08-10">10.VIII.2011</date>
|
||
Zach Lieberman (JCTC); ARIZONA Gila Co. Mazatzal Mtns. Pigeon Springs
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894878FA2EFC236F7E" box="[849,967,1519,1544]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="33.708332">33°42.5’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF8948E7FA31FBB36F7E" box="[974,1111,1520,1544]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="-111.335">111°20.1’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
5600’ Elev. #112
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF894E07FA31FA786F7E" box="[1326,1436,1520,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1993-05-22">22.v.1993</date>
|
||
RA Johnson (RAJC); ARIZONA Santa Cruz Co. Patagonia Mts. 2000 Savolainen 12/00 (JCTC); ARIZONA Santa Cruz Co. Hershaw Creek
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894ACCF9F6FDBE6F26" box="[485,602,1591,1616]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="31.491667">31°29.5’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFABFF894943F9F9FD176F26" box="[618,755,1592,1616]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" precision="92" value="-110.68667">110°41.2’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
4550‘ Elev. #2207
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFABFF8948D5F9F6FB6A6F26" box="[1020,1166,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="520" value="1999-08-26">26.VIII.1999</date>
|
||
RA Johnson (RAJC);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFABFF894BBEF99DFEED6F02" box="[151,265,1628,1652]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
. HIDALGO Pachuca. W. M.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFABFF89497BF99CFD736F02" box="[594,663,1629,1652]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="19" pageNumber="520">Mann</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |