treatments-xml/data/03/D9/BD/03D9BD7CFFBD7725FC23A3A5FAE0F828.xml
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<mods:title id="B105C65C3673E096E6D6DAA4A1A6E62B">Pherecardites Horst, 1912 and Branchamphinome Hartman, 1967 are synonyms (Annelida, Amphinomidae, Amphinominae)</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FB90A3A4FA9FFE72" ID-CoL="84SH3" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1036,1309,406,433]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FB90A3A4FB10FE73" box="[1036,1170,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB04A3A5FA9FFE72" author="HORST R." box="[1176,1309,407,433]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FCB1A3EBFBCFFE32" ID-CoL="84SH3" authority="Horst, 1912: 33" authorityName="Horst" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1912" box="[813,1101,473,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCB1A3EBFC24FE32" box="[813,934,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC30A3EBFBCFFE32" author="HORST R." box="[940,1101,473,497]" firstAuthor="Horst" page="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912: 33</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD12A7BFFBD7727FCB1A038FB26FDE1" author="HARTMAN O." box="[813,1188,522,546]" page="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" year="1967">
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<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCB1A038FC5CFDE1" box="[813,990,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Branchamphinome</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC78A038FB26FDE1" author="HARTMAN O." box="[996,1188,522,546]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" page="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">
Hartman, 1967:
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBD7727FB36A038FB6EFDE1" box="[1194,1260,522,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC4BA009FA8FFD90" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[983,1293,571,595]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FC4BA009FB0FFD90" box="[983,1165,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB0FA009FA8FFD90" author="HORST R." box="[1171,1293,571,595]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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. — Feminine, after the epithet originally proposed for the
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species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC46A0B5FB92FD5D" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[986,1040,647,670]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FC46A0B5FB92FD5D" box="[986,1040,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">parva</emphasis>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB81A0B5FB62FD5D" author="BROWN R. W." bookContentInfo="582 p." box="[1053,1248,646,670]" firstAuthor="Brown" journalOrPublisher="George W. King, Baltimore" page="590" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/details/compositionofsci00brow" refId="ref6209" refString="BROWN R. W. 1954. - Composition of Scientific Words: A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics. George W. King, Baltimore, 582 p. https: // archive. org / details / compositionofsci 00 brow" title="Composition of Scientific Words: A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics" type="book" year="1954">Brown (1954: 590)</bibRefCitation>
indicates
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is a Latin masculine adjective, meaning little or small (
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FA84A090FACCFD7A" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1304,1358,674,697]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FA84A090FACCFD7A" box="[1304,1358,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">parva</emphasis>
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feminine,
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCB1A08EFCF5FD10" box="[813,887,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">parvum</emphasis>
neuter (see below).
</paragraph>
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC21A0DEFBD1FCC7" box="[957,1107,748,772]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphinominae">Amphinominae</taxonomicName>
with chaetiger 1 dorsally incomplete. Caruncle with a median ridge and separate, diverging lateral lobes. Branchiae from chaetiger 1. Neurochaetae spurred, with denticles along inner side.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FCB1A1A7FBB0FC6C" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[813,1074,917,943]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCB1A1A7FC2CFC6C" box="[813,942,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC2FA1A7FBB0FC6C" author="HORST R." box="[947,1074,917,943]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described without an illustration of the anterior end.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB94A187FB39FC0C" author="FAUCHALD K." box="[1032,1211,949,975]" firstAuthor="Fauchald" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 188" part="28" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/3435" refId="ref6441" refString="FAUCHALD K. 1977. - The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 28: 1 - 188. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 3435" title="The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera" type="book chapter" year="1977">Fauchald (1977)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FAB5A187FC30FC2C" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FAB5A187FA2DFC0C" box="[1321,1455,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FCB1A1E7FC30FC2C" author="HORST R." box="[813,946,981,1007]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">
Horst,
<quantity id="4C88A18FFFBD7727FCE6A1E7FC30FC2C" box="[890,946,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85648" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" unit="in" value="1912.0">1912</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in his key to all genera; however, Fauchald regarded the body shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FBA2A1C6FA80FBCD" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[1086,1282,1012,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FBA2A1C6FA80FBCD" box="[1086,1282,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Branchamphinome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as oval, whereas for
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FCCEA626FC5AFBED" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[850,984,1044,1070]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCCEA626FC5AFBED" box="[850,984,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it was assumed as rectangular. Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FCB0A607FB92FB8D" author="HARTMAN O." box="[812,1040,1076,1103]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" page="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman (1967: 43)</bibRefCitation>
indicated the body shape of the
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBD7727FA1CA607FA2CFB8C" box="[1408,1454,1077,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC15A667FB4CFBAD" authority="Hartman, 1967" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[905,1230,1108,1135]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FC15A667FB97FBAD" box="[905,1045,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">B. antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB82A667FB4CFBAD" author="HARTMAN O." box="[1054,1230,1108,1135]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
changes during development: “Smaller individuals resemble the short
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FAFCA646FA32FB4D" box="[1376,1456,1140,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FAFCA646FA32FB4D" box="[1376,1456,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Chloeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whereas longer ones are more like
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FB3AA6A6FA80FB6D" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1857" box="[1190,1282,1172,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Eurythoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FB3AA6A6FA80FB6D" box="[1190,1282,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Eurythoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” The latter has been regarded as having rectangular body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBD7727FCDFA6E6FBA6F94E" blockId="4.[811,1457,885,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">
Consequently,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC76A6E6FBF1FB2D" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1002,1139,1236,1262]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FC76A6E6FBF1FB2D" box="[1002,1139,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FB31A6E6FAF7FB2D" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[1197,1397,1236,1262]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FB31A6E6FAF7FB2D" box="[1197,1397,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Branchamphinome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same body shape and
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBD7727FBDAA6C6FBFCFACD" box="[1094,1150,1268,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">types</typeStatus>
of chaetae. What about the caruncle?
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC07A726FBD9FAED" author="HORST R." box="[923,1115,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Horst" page="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst (1912: 33)</bibRefCitation>
indicated “caruncle consisting of a median axis and some lateral lamellae, directed backwards.” And in describing the
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBD7727FBE3A766FB2CFAAD" box="[1151,1198,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FA93A766FAE7FAAE" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1295,1381,1364,1389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FA93A766FAE7FAAE" box="[1295,1381,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">P. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a few lines below, he wrote: “its caruncle extends over three segments and consists of a median axis and four lateral lobes, directed backwards.”
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FB89A781FB74FA0E" author="HARTMAN O." box="[1045,1270,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" page="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman (1967: 43)</bibRefCitation>
indicated, in the description of the
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBD7727FC6BA7E1FBA4FA2E" box="[1015,1062,1491,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FB1BA7E6FA92FA2E" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[1159,1296,1492,1517]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FB1BA7E6FA92FA2E" box="[1159,1296,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">B. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “the caruncle is tripartite, consisting of a larger, longer median lobe with lateral branches, and a pair of shorter lateral lobes […]” These two descriptions indicate a very similar shape, and after the study of
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBD7727FC71A461FB9EF9AE" box="[1005,1052,1619,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">type</typeStatus>
specimens, the two genera are herein regarded as synonyms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBD7727FCDFA4A0FC3DF82F" blockId="4.[811,1457,885,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FCDFA4A0FBE2F96F" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[835,1120,1682,1709]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FCDFA4A0FC4FF96F" box="[835,973,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC4AA4A1FBE2F96F" author="HORST R." box="[982,1120,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
might be regarded as a name applied to fossils (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FC6AA480FBFEF90F" author="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE)" box="[1014,1148,1714,1740]" firstAuthor="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, ‰ ondon" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" publicationUrl="https://code.iczn.org" refId="ref6754" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE) 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 3 rd Ed., International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, ‰ ondon. https: // code. iczn. org" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 3 rd Ed." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, Art. 20) and consequently, it could not “be used as the valid name of a taxon”. Further, as indicated in the example given for the same article, the genus-group name might be available if proposed “for genus-group of taxa of fossils […] and not merely to indicate fossil members of genera of extant animals”.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FA86A560FA2FF8AF" author="HORST R." box="[1306,1453,1874,1900]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst (1912)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FC04A543FBA3F848" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[920,1057,1905,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FC04A543FBA3F848" box="[920,1057,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forming the name after
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBD7727FAAFA543FC37F868" authority="Horst, 1886" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1886" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBD7727FAAFA543FA2DF848" box="[1331,1455,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="437">Pherecardia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBD7727FCB1A5A0FC37F868" author="HORST R." box="[813,949,1937,1964]" firstAuthor="Horst" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Leyden Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="437" pagination="157 - 174" part="8" publicationUrl="http://biostor.org/reference/98231" refId="ref6658" refString="HORST R. 1886. - Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta, 1. Amphinomidae. Notes from the Leyden Museum 8: 157 - 174. http: // biostor. org / reference / 98231" title="Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta, 1. Amphinomidae" type="journal article" year="1886">Horst, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but he was not referring to any fossil members of the same group. Consequently, it cannot be rejected as a valid name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF07A2E5FE85FCCC" blockId="6.[130,777,215,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
There are a few instances where a similarly ending genus-group name has been regarded as valid, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD36A2CAFF58FEF2" authority="Cabanis" authorityName="Cabanis" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Tringites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD36A2CAFC85FED2" box="[682,775,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Tringites</emphasis>
Cabanis
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF43A32AFF77FEF2" box="[223,245,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF65A325FE27FEF1" author="GUNDLACH J." box="[249,421,279,306]" firstAuthor="Gundlach" journalOrPublisher="Journal fur Ornithologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="417 - 433" part="6" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13948111" refId="ref6563" refString="GUNDLACH J. 1856. - Beitrage zur Ornithologie Cuba's. Journal fur Ornithologie 6 (24): 417 - 433. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13948111" title="Beitrage zur Ornithologie Cuba's" type="journal article" year="1856">Gundlach, 1856</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE2DA325FE67FEF2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[433,485,279,305]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE72A325FDFEFEF2" box="[494,636,279,305]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scolopacidae</taxonomicName>
), or
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD3BA325FE1BFE92" authority="Keyserling &amp; Blasius, 1840" authorityName="Keyserling &amp; Blasius" authorityYear="1840" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" genus="Oceanites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD3BA325FC8AFEF2" box="[679,776,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Oceanites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF18A305FE1BFE92" author="KEYSERLING A. G. &amp; BLASIUS J. H." box="[132,409,311,337]" firstAuthor="Keyserling" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15245626" refId="ref6864" refString="KEYSERLING A. G. &amp; BLASIUS J. H. 1840. - Die Wirbelthiere Europa's. Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, 2 vols. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 15245626" title="Die Wirbelthiere Europa's" type="book" year="1840">Keyserling &amp; Blasius, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE38A305FE55FE92" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[420,471,311,337]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE7CA305FDF6FE92" authorityName="Mathews" authorityYear="1912" box="[480,628,311,337]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hydrobatidae</taxonomicName>
).On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF55A365FE55FEB2" author="READ G. &amp; FAUCHALD K." box="[201,471,343,369]" firstAuthor="Read" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" publicationUrl="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php̿p=taxdetails&amp;id=325969" refId="ref7221" refString="READ G. &amp; FAUCHALD K. (Ed.) 2022. - World Polychaeta Database. Pherecardites Horst, 1912. https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php ̿ p = taxdetails &amp; id = 325969" title="World Polychaeta Database. Pherecardites Horst, 1912" type="journal volume" year="2022">Read &amp; Fauchald (2022)</bibRefCitation>
explained the etymology as: “The name of the genus is formed by the postposition of the suffix of Greek origin -
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FEE8A3A5FE17FE73" box="[372,405,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">ites</emphasis>
, used to form adjectives, especially those to identify groups as those belonging to, to the name of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE93A3E4FD9AFE33" authority="Horst, 1886" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1886" box="[271,536,470,497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FE93A3E4FE08FE33" box="[271,394,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FE0CA3E5FD9AFE33" author="HORST R." box="[400,536,470,497]" firstAuthor="Horst" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Leyden Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="157 - 174" part="8" publicationUrl="http://biostor.org/reference/98231" refId="ref6658" refString="HORST R. 1886. - Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta, 1. Amphinomidae. Notes from the Leyden Museum 8: 157 - 174. http: // biostor. org / reference / 98231" title="Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta, 1. Amphinomidae" type="journal article" year="1886">Horst, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and seems to be used to indicate the resemblance of the new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD1CA3C4FC85FDD3" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[640,775,502,528]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD1CA3C4FC85FDD3" box="[640,775,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF21A024FEB8FDF3" box="[189,314,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pheracardia</emphasis>
.” On the other hand, the suffix -
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD3AA025FD45FDF3" box="[678,711,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">ites</emphasis>
is “to be treated as masculine unless its author, when establishing the name, stated that it had another gender or treated it as such by combining it with an adjective species-group name in another gender form” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FE3BA0A4FDB2FD73" author="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE)" box="[423,560,662,688]" firstAuthor="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, ‰ ondon" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" publicationUrl="https://code.iczn.org" refId="ref6754" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE) 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 3 rd Ed., International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, ‰ ondon. https: // code. iczn. org" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 3 rd Ed." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
, Art. 30.1.4.4). As indicated above, because Horst used the feminine (
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD58A084FC82FD0C" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[708,768,694,719]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD58A084FC82FD0C" box="[708,768,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) species-group name, the gender of the genus must be treated as feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF07A124FC85FAED" blockId="6.[130,777,215,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF07A124FEE6FCEC" author="HARTMAN O." box="[155,356,789,816]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman (1967)</bibRefCitation>
compared
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE6CA127FD44FCEC" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[496,710,789,815]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FE6CA127FD44FCEC" box="[496,710,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Branchamphinome</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FF18A107FE07FC8C" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[132,389,821,848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Benthoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF18A107FE83FC8C" box="[132,257,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Benthoscolex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FE9AA104FE07FC8C" author="HORST R." box="[262,389,821,848]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because both have tripartite caruncle, and concluded they differ because the former has eyes, and branchiae from chaetiger 1, whereas the latter had no eyes, and branchiae from chaetiger 6.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FE75A1A7FD1FFC6C" author="KUDENOV J. D." box="[489,669,917,943]" firstAuthor="Kudenov" journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="93 - 150" part="22" refId="ref6983" refString="KUDENOV J. D. 1993. - Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) principally from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantarctic regions. Biology of the Antarctic Seas 22, Antarctic Research Series 58: 93 - 150." title="Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) principally from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantarctic regions" type="journal article" year="1993">Kudenov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
modified the diagnosis but restricted the comparison to
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FDE3A187FC82FC0C" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[639,768,949,975]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Benthoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FDE3A187FC82FC0C" box="[639,768,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Benthoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF5AA1E7FED9FC2C" author="HORST R." box="[198,347,981,1007]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst (1912)</bibRefCitation>
the presence of spurred neurochaetae with denticles along the inner side in
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD8AA1C6FD1EFBCD" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[534,668,1012,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD8AA1C6FD1EFBCD" box="[534,668,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FF18A626FF76FBED" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1857" box="[132,244,1044,1070]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Hermodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF18A626FF76FBED" box="[132,244,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Hermodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although some other genera also have this
<typeStatus id="54CBB2C8FFBF7725FD45A627FC85FBEC" box="[729,775,1045,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">type</typeStatus>
of neurochaetae such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE18A606FD87FB8D" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[388,517,1076,1102]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Benthoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FE18A606FD87FB8D" box="[388,517,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Benthoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD8EA606FF74FBAD" authority="de Quatrefages, 1866" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Linopherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD8EA606FD07FB8D" box="[530,645,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Linopherus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FD16A606FF74FBAD" author="DE QUATREFAGES A." bookContentInfo="588 p." firstAuthor="de Quatrefages" journalOrPublisher="Paris, ‰ ibrairie encyclopedique de Roret" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" part="1" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52110858" refId="ref6354" refString="DE QUATREFAGES A. 1866 (1865). - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. Paris, ‰ ibrairie encyclopedique de Roret, volume 1, 588 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 52110858" title="(1865). - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens" type="book" year="1866">de Quatrefages, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FE9CA666FE4FFBAD" authority="Sars" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1869" box="[256,461,1108,1134]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Paramphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FE9CA666FE1FFBAD" box="[256,413,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Paramphinome</emphasis>
Sars
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FE4EA667FE6AFBAD" box="[466,488,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FE71A666FDDEFBAD" author="SARS G. O." bookContentInfo="82 p" box="[493,604,1108,1134]" firstAuthor="Sars" journalOrPublisher="Christiania, Broegger &amp; Christie" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11677777" refId="ref7264" refString="SARS G. O. 1872. - On Some Remarkable Forms of Animal Life from Great Deeps off the Norwegian Coast. Partly from Posthumous Manuscripts of the Late Professor Dr. Michael Sars. Christiania, Broegger &amp; Christie, 82 p, 6 pls. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11677777" title="On Some Remarkable Forms of Animal Life from Great Deeps off the Norwegian Coast. Partly from Posthumous Manuscripts of the Late Professor Dr. Michael Sars" type="book" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD12A666FEBEFB4D" authority="Gustafson, 1930" authorityName="Gustafson" authorityYear="1930" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pareurythoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD12A666FC85FBAD" box="[654,775,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pareurythoe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FF18A646FEBEFB4D" author="GUSTAFSON G." box="[132,316,1140,1166]" firstAuthor="Gustafson" journalOrPublisher="Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="305 - 471" part="12" refId="ref6598" refString="GUSTAFSON G. 1930. - Anatomische studien uber die polychatenfamilien Amphinomidae und Euphrosynidae. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 12: 305 - 471." title="Anatomische studien uber die polychatenfamilien Amphinomidae und Euphrosynidae" type="journal article" year="1930">Gustafson, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Horst likely restricted the comparison to
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FF18A6A6FF76FB6D" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1857" box="[132,244,1172,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Hermodice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF18A6A6FF76FB6D" box="[132,244,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Hermodice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FEB2A6A6FE25FB6D" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1886" box="[302,423,1172,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FEB2A6A6FE25FB6D" box="[302,423,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because they also have complex caruncle, as opposed to those present in the other genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FF1AA6E6FE85FB2D" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[134,263,1236,1262]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Benthoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FF1AA6E6FE85FB2D" box="[134,263,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Benthoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has a caruncle with three longitudinal lobes directed posteriorly, but they rise from the same point, not from a single median ridge, as is the case in
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FDE6A721FC82FAEE" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[634,768,1299,1325]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FDE6A721FC82FAEE" box="[634,768,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FCDFA2E5FB41FE13" blockId="6.[811,1457,215,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
As currently redefined,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FBA3A2E5FAD2FF32" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1087,1360,215,242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FBA3A2E5FB47FF32" box="[1087,1221,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FB57A2EAFAD2FF32" author="HORST R." box="[1227,1360,215,242]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
includes
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FCB0A2C5FB28FED2" authority="Hartman, 1967" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1967" box="[812,1194,247,274]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCB0A2C5FC72FED2" box="[812,1008,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Branchamphinome</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC66A2CAFB28FED2" author="HARTMAN O." box="[1018,1194,247,274]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, the species described in the latter genus must be newly combined such that
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FC0FA305FB95FE92" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[915,1047,311,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FC0FA305FB95FE92" box="[915,1047,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Pherecardites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FBE5A30AFA33FE92" authority="(Hartman, 1967)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[1145,1457,311,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FBE5A30AFB77FE92" box="[1145,1269,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. antarctica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FA9DA305FA2BFE92" author="HARTMAN O." box="[1281,1449,311,337]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FCB7A365FC0DFEB2" box="[811,911,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FC00A36AFB56FEB2" authority="(Detinova, 1968)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Detinova" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[924,1236,343,369]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FC00A36AFB92FEB2" box="[924,1040,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. islandica</emphasis>
(Detinova, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FB40A365FAC2FEB2" box="[1244,1344,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FAD7A36AFCCCFE52" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kohtsukai">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FAD7A36AFCCCFE52" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. kohtsukai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jimi
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FC0DA345FC25FE53" box="[913,935,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC31A345FBD3FE52" author="JIMI N. &amp; HOOKABE N. &amp; TANI K. &amp; YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S." box="[941,1105,375,401]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jimi" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 8" part="39" refId="ref6798" refString="JIMI N., HOOKABE N., TANI K., YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S. 2021. - The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific. Zoological Science 39 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 210051" title="The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific" type="journal article" year="2021">
Jimi
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FC7CA345FB91FE52" box="[992,1043,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
) n. comb.,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FB50A345FA29FE52" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1228,1451,375,401]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FB50A345FA9CFE53" box="[1228,1310,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FAB8A345FA29FE52" author="HORST R." box="[1316,1451,375,401]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FCB0A3A5FB1EFE72" authority="Augener, 1927" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1927" box="[812,1180,406,433]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quinquemaculata">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCB0A3A5FC75FE73" box="[812,1015,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. quinquemaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC61A3A5FB1EFE72" author="AUGENER H." box="[1021,1180,407,433]" firstAuthor="Augener" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="71 - 275" part="83" publicationUrl="http://210.212.232.211:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1821" refId="ref5775" refString="AUGENER H. 1927. - Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 38. Polychaeten von Sudost- und Sud- Australien. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 83: 71 - 275. http: // 210.212.232.211: 8080 / jspui / handle / 123456789 / 1821" title="Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 38. Polychaeten von Sudost- und Sud- Australien" type="journal article" year="1927">Augener, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FB4FA3A5FBD9FE12" authority="(Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov, 2017)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FB4FA3A5FAC5FE73" box="[1235,1351,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. tropicalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FACFA3A5FBD1FE12" author="BARROSO R. &amp; RANAURO N. &amp; KUDENOV J. D." firstAuthor="Barroso" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="835 - 842" part="97" refId="ref5930" refString="BARROSO R., RANAURO N. &amp; KUDENOV J. D. 2017. - A new species of Branchamphinome (Annelida: Amphinomidae) from the South-western Atlantic, with an emendation of the genus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97 (5): 835 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315417000054" title="A new species of Branchamphinome (Annelida: Amphinomidae) from the South-western Atlantic, with an emendation of the genus" type="journal article" year="2017">Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov, 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FBFEA385FB41FE13" box="[1122,1219,438,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A5FE1FFBF7725FD8FA747FC48FA6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FD8FA747FBA2FA4C" blockId="6.[531,1056,1397,1454]" box="[531,1056,1397,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<heading id="D087BB06FFBF7725FD8FA747FBA2FA4C" box="[531,1056,1397,1423]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" reason="4">
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FD8FA747FDBCFA4E" baselines="1416,1416" box="[531,574,1397,1423]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Key" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">KEY</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FDD9A748FDE6FA4E" baselines="1416" box="[581,612,1402,1421]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="to" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">TO</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FDF7A748FD3BFA4E" baselines="1416" box="[619,697,1402,1421]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FD5CA748FD5EFA4E" baselines="1416" box="[704,732,1402,1421]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">OF</smallCapsWord>
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD7FA747FBA2FA4C" ID-CoL="84SH3" authority="HORST, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[739,1056,1397,1423]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FD7FA747FC05FA4E" baselines="1416,1416" box="[739,903,1397,1422]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Pherecardites" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD7FA747FC05FA4E" box="[739,903,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">PHERECARDITES</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC11A747FBA2FA4C" author="HORST R." box="[909,1056,1397,1423]" firstAuthor="HORST" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">
<smallCapsWord id="8D299AB6FFBF7725FC11A747FC58FA4E" baselines="1416,1416" box="[909,986,1397,1423]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">HORST</smallCapsWord>
, 1912
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FDEDA7A6FC48FA6D" blockId="6.[531,1056,1397,1454]" box="[625,970,1428,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
(modified after
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC86A7A6FC40FA6D" author="JIMI N. &amp; HOOKABE N. &amp; TANI K. &amp; YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S." box="[794,962,1428,1454]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jimi" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 8" part="39" refId="ref6798" refString="JIMI N., HOOKABE N., TANI K., YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S. 2021. - The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific. Zoological Science 39 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 210051" title="The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific" type="journal article" year="2021">
Jimi
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCD3A7A7FC00FA6D" box="[847,898,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A5FE1FFBF7725FF4CA7FBFAE0F828" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" type="key">
<keyStep id="308414CFFFBF7725FF4CA7FBFAE0F9D8" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA7FBFAE3FA22" blockId="6.[208,1378,1481,1563]" box="[208,1377,1481,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA7FBFAE3FA22" box="[208,1377,1481,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">1. Prostomium with eyes, sometimes coalescent; first branchiae with 3 or more filaments ............................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA7D4FAE0F9D8" blockId="6.[208,1378,1481,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA7D4FAE0F9D8" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
— Prostomium with indistinct eyes; body pale; first branchiae with 1-2 filaments ........................................... ..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FB80A431FB71F9D8" authority="Horst, 1912" authorityName="Horst" authorityYear="1912" box="[1052,1267,1539,1563]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FB80A431FBE9F9D9" box="[1052,1131,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FBEEA431FB71F9D8" author="HORST R." box="[1138,1267,1539,1563]" firstAuthor="Horst" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 43" part="24" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2187401" refId="ref6698" refString="HORST R. 1912. - Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae. Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900 24 a: 1 - 43, 10 Pls. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2187401" title="Polychaeta errantia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1, Amphinomidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Siboga-Expeditie Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900" year="1912">Horst, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3674CFAFFBF7725FB62A431FAE0F9D8" box="[1278,1378,1539,1563]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308414CFFFBF7725FF4CA404FAE3F94B" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA404FAE0F9A8" blockId="6.[208,1378,1590,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA404FAE0F9A8" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
2(1). Median segments branchiae with 15-20 filaments; body colorless ............................................................... ..................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FD9FA466FCB4F9A8" authority="(Hartman, 1967)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[515,822,1619,1643]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarctica" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FD9FA466FDFEF9A8" box="[515,636,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. antarctica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FD17A461FCACF9A8" author="HARTMAN O." box="[651,814,1619,1643]" firstAuthor="Hartman" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 387" part="2" refId="ref6623" refString="HARTMAN O. 1967. - Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology 2: 1 - 387." title="Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas" type="journal article" year="1967">Hartman, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FCA1A461FC1BF9A8" box="[829,921,1619,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(redescr.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC67A461FB3CF9A8" author="KUDENOV J. D." box="[1019,1214,1619,1643]" firstAuthor="Kudenov" journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas" page="95" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="93 - 150" part="22" refId="ref6983" refString="KUDENOV J. D. 1993. - Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) principally from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantarctic regions. Biology of the Antarctic Seas 22, Antarctic Research Series 58: 93 - 150." title="Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) principally from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantarctic regions" type="journal article" year="1993">Kudenov 1993: 95</bibRefCitation>
), Antarctic Seas
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA442FAE3F94B" blockId="6.[208,1378,1590,1672]" box="[208,1377,1648,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA442FAE3F94B" box="[208,1377,1648,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">— Median segments branchiae with 4-12 filaments; body variable ............................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308414CFFFBF7725FF4CA491FAE3F936" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA491FAE0F91B" blockId="6.[208,1378,1699,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA491FAE0F91B" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
3(2). Body pale; eyes nearly coalescent, forming an 8-shaped spot ....................................................................... ......
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FEDAA4F2FDEDF91B" authority="(Detinova, 1968)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Detinova" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[326,623,1728,1752]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FEDAA4F2FE37F91B" box="[326,437,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. islandica</emphasis>
(Detinova, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FDE9A4F2FD53F91B" box="[629,721,1728,1752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(recorded as
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FCC5A4F2FC5AF914" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[857,984,1728,1751]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Branchamphinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCC5A4F2FC5AF914" box="[857,984,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">B. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FC62A4F2FB53F91B" author="AMOUREUX L." box="[1022,1233,1728,1752]" firstAuthor="Amoureux" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologie marine" page="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="29 - 51" part="23" refId="ref5661" refString="AMOUREUX L. 1982. - Annelides polychetes recueillies sur la pente continentale de la Bretagne a l'Irlande. Campagne 1973 de la &quot; Thalassa &quot; (suite et fin) avec la description de quatre especes nouvelles pour la science. Cahiers de Biologie marine 23: 29 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. B 39 FC 2 B 8" title="Annelides polychetes recueillies sur la pente continentale de la Bretagne a l'Irlande. Campagne 1973 de la &quot; Thalassa &quot; (suite et fin) avec la description de quatre especes nouvelles pour la science" type="journal article" year="1982">Amoureux 1982: 34</bibRefCitation>
), NE Atlantic
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA4EFFAE3F936" blockId="6.[208,1378,1699,1781]" box="[208,1377,1756,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA4EFFAE3F936" box="[208,1377,1756,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">— Body with dorsal pigmentation; eyes separate, not coalescent ................................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308414CFFFBF7725FF4CA522FAE3F8A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA522FAE3F8EB" blockId="6.[208,1379,1808,1889]" box="[208,1377,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA522FAE3F8EB" box="[208,1377,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">4(3). Median branchiae with 4-8 filaments ....................................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA51FFAE3F8A2" blockId="6.[208,1379,1808,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA51FFAE3F8A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
— Median segments with about 12 filaments; dorsal pigmentation includes 5 spots, three dorsal and two interramal ..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FCF5A578FB4FF8A2" authority="Augener, 1927" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1927" box="[873,1229,1865,1889]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quinquemaculata">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCF5A578FBAFF8A2" box="[873,1069,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. quinquemaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FBAFA57BFB4FF8A2" author="AUGENER H." box="[1075,1229,1865,1889]" firstAuthor="Augener" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="71 - 275" part="83" publicationUrl="http://210.212.232.211:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1821" refId="ref5775" refString="AUGENER H. 1927. - Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 38. Polychaeten von Sudost- und Sud- Australien. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 83: 71 - 275. http: // 210.212.232.211: 8080 / jspui / handle / 123456789 / 1821" title="Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. 38. Polychaeten von Sudost- und Sud- Australien" type="journal article" year="1927">Augener, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3674CFAFFBF7725FB4BA578FAE3F8A2" box="[1239,1377,1865,1889]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA54EFAE3F872" blockId="6.[208,1378,1916,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA54EFAE3F872" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyStep id="308414CFFFBF7725FF4CA54EFAE3F872" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
5(4). Venter of first four chaetigers broadly pigmented, following segments pale ................................................. ................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FCA4A5A8FC2FF872" box="[824,941,1945,1969]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kohtsukai">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FCA4A5A8FC2FF872" box="[824,941,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. kohtsukai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jimi
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FC6CA5A8FB87F872" box="[1008,1029,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FB97A5ABFB33F872" author="JIMI N. &amp; HOOKABE N. &amp; TANI K. &amp; YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S." box="[1035,1201,1945,1969]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jimi" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 8" part="39" refId="ref6798" refString="JIMI N., HOOKABE N., TANI K., YOSHIDA R. &amp; IMURA S. 2021. - The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific. Zoological Science 39 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 210051" title="The phylogenetic position of Branchamphinome (Annelida, Amphinomidae) with a description of a new species from the North Pacific" type="journal article" year="2021">
Jimi
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FBA1A5A8FBECF872" box="[1085,1134,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021
</bibRefCitation>
) n. comb.,
<collectingCountry id="F3674CFAFFBF7725FAB4A5A8FAE3F872" box="[1320,1377,1946,1969]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">Japan</collectingCountry>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF0C6AFFBF7725FF4CA585FAE0F828" blockId="6.[208,1378,1916,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
<keyLead id="3081AF5FFFBF7725FF4CA585FAE0F828" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">
— Venter with similar pigmentation along body .............................................................................................. ...................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7077E9FFBF7725FDEBA5E6FBF1F828" authority="(Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov, 2017)" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; Harris &amp; Ten &amp; Hove &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[631,1139,2003,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Pherecardites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tropicalis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B904D078FFBF7725FDEBA5E6FD65F828" box="[631,743,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="439">P. tropicalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1719BFFBF7725FD68A5E1FBEEF828" author="BARROSO R. &amp; RANAURO N. &amp; KUDENOV J. D." box="[756,1132,2003,2027]" firstAuthor="Barroso" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" pagination="835 - 842" part="97" refId="ref5930" refString="BARROSO R., RANAURO N. &amp; KUDENOV J. D. 2017. - A new species of Branchamphinome (Annelida: Amphinomidae) from the South-western Atlantic, with an emendation of the genus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97 (5): 835 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315417000054" title="A new species of Branchamphinome (Annelida: Amphinomidae) from the South-western Atlantic, with an emendation of the genus" type="journal article" year="2017">Barroso, Ranauro &amp; Kudenov, 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2376D03FFBF7725FBE6A5E1FB5BF828" box="[1146,1241,2003,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SW Atlantic
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>