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<document id="694502CB22CB893265AD617562D7D102" ID-DOI="10.1590/S0031-10492003000400001" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4900701" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1622834307451" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. &amp; Höfling, Elizabeth" docDate="2003" docId="03D18A23C84818555BB22ED393FBFA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.43.4.55-91.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 43 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:339507A24AE38E7CF4119668AEB42BDB.2:PapAvZool.2002-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="339507A24AE38E7CF4119668AEB42BDB" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2002-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno &amp; Mercerat 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFE8F25BC842185E59622C52974AFF85" masterDocTitle="Systematic Revision Of The Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698955314535" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="485ED50954B2EA6D77376AC9AC4C446E">Systematic Revision Of The Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66DE6B1E1CFBEF0F58313E0652FE59A5">Alvarenga, Herculano M. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D84070AB932C0FEF8CF12F842CE4C37A">Museu de História Natural de Taubaté. Rua Colômbia, 99, CEP 12030 - 520, Taubaté, SP, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="90FAE059C165C0E329EFB7F8946E7573">Höfling, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="19A191239563EEC029A31DD8B96285F2">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.294, CEP 05422 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E223A45FB89EE07A34833369A71D71A0">Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E735A318CC072860ED16886BF1E9A332">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="E4AC189601D4225572C009D861D9401F" type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D18A23C84818555BB22ED393FBFA9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D18A23C84818555BB22ED393FBFA9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18A23C84818555BB22ED393FBFA9D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C36268BEC84818545BB22ED393A5FD1D" box="[720,1263,640,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BB22ED393A5FD1D" blockId="10.[720,1263,640,665]" box="[720,1263,640,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D08F8C59C84818545BB22ED393A5FD1D" bold="true" box="[720,1263,640,665]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545BB22ED393A5FD1D" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[720,1263,640,665]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BB22ED393A5FD1D" bold="true" box="[720,1263,640,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BB22ED39487FD1D" bold="true" box="[720,973,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis burmeisteri</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36268BEC84818545BAC2E93936BFCBC" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC2E9394E5FD7C" blockId="10.[718,1266,705,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545BAC2E9393A4FD5C" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891: 37" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1891" box="[718,1262,705,729]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC2E9394EAFD5C" box="[718,928,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis burmeisteri</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891:37
</taxonomicName>
; Brodkorb, 1967.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC2F53936BFCBC" blockId="10.[718,1266,705,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545BAC2F5393C2FC9C" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891: 40" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1891" box="[718,1160,769,793]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Rostrornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC2F539429FC9C" box="[718,867,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Rostrornis floweri</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891:40
</taxonomicName>
; Brodkorb 1967 (syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545AF42F739359FCBC" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[918,1043,801,825]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545AF42F739359FCBC" box="[918,1043,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">B. burmeisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36268BEC84818555BAC2F1393FBFA9D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC2F1394A2FCFC" blockId="10.[718,1266,705,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545BAC2F13930FFCDD" authority="Ameghino, 1895" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1895" box="[718,1093,832,857]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyonyx">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC2F1394C6FCDC" box="[718,908,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis platyonyx</emphasis>
Ameghino, 1895
</taxonomicName>
; Brodkorb 1967 (syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545A3F2F339491FCFC" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[861,987,865,889]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545A3F2F339491FCFC" box="[861,987,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">B. burmeisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC2FF3938AFC7C" blockId="10.[718,1267,929,1017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC2FF39462FC3D" box="[718,808,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="54C38597C84818545BAC2FF39462FC3D" box="[718,808,929,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="lectotype">Lectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
The left femur, tibiotarsus, fibula and tarsometatarsus (MLP-88-91), certainly belonging to the same individual, designated by Brodkorb (1967).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC287393B9FBFC" blockId="10.[718,1267,1057,1145]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC28739463FBBC" box="[718,809,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Hypodigm</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54C38597C84818545A23287394E3FBBC" box="[833,937,1057,1081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
; portion of the mandible including the symphysis and part of the right branch (MHNP-1902-6,
<figureCitation id="134327B0C84818545AE1283394F7FBFC" box="[899,957,1121,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[680,770,1779,1798]" captionTargetBox="[680,1228,695,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-402@9.[680,1228,695,1748]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. An incomplete jaw of Brontornis burmeisteri (MNHN-1902-6) in:A - dorsal view,B - lateral view and C - ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900721/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); two large fragments of the
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185459E6289397BCFB7D" blockId="10.[132,680,1216,1336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C848185459E6289396BFFB5D" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[132,501,1216,1240]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E6289397A9FB5D" box="[132,227,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891
</taxonomicName>
:20,37; Brodkorb, 1967.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185459E6295396F2FABD" blockId="10.[132,680,1216,1336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C848185459E6295396BFFA9D" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[132,501,1280,1304]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Rostrornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E6295397ABFA9D" box="[132,225,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Rostrornis</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891
</taxonomicName>
:20,40; Brodkorb, 1967 (syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C8481854582E297396E1FABD" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[332,427,1313,1336]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8481854582E297396E1FABD" box="[332,427,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185459E6293397F7FA1C" blockId="10.[132,680,1377,1497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E62933964EFAFD" box="[132,260,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Type Species </emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C8481854586B293397F3FA1C" authority="Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8481854586B2933969AFAFC" box="[265,464,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis burmeisteri</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185459E629939544FA5C" blockId="10.[132,680,1377,1497]" box="[132,526,1473,1497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E629939658FA5D" box="[132,274,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Included Species</emphasis>
Only the
<typeStatus id="54C38597C848185458EC299396F0FA5C" box="[398,442,1473,1497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185459E62A5395C3F99C" blockId="10.[132,649,1537,1561]" box="[132,649,1537,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E62A5397B8F99C" box="[132,242,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Distribution</emphasis>
Lower to Mid-Miocene in
<collectingCountry id="F36F7BA5C84818545B7E2A5395CFF99C" box="[540,645,1537,1561]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C848185559E62A10952DFDBD" blockId="10.[132,681,1601,1849]" lastBlockId="11.[94,643,192,568]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E62A10979EF9DC" box="[132,212,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Diagnos</emphasis>
i
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459BF2A109670F9DC" box="[221,314,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">s Revised</emphasis>
Certainly the biggest of the
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C848185459E62A33966CF9FC" box="[132,294,1633,1657]" class="Aves" family="Phorusrhacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phorusrhacidae</taxonomicName>
, it is the largest bird known from the Americas and one of the largest that has ever existed. The mandibule possesses a proportionally shorter, wider and higher symphysis than
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545B762A939539F95C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1895" box="[532,627,1729,1753]" class="Aves" family="Phorusrhacidae" genus="Physornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545B762A939539F95C" box="[532,627,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Physornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C848185459E62AB3964AF97C" authorityName="Alvarenga" authorityYear="1993" box="[132,256,1761,1785]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Paraphysornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C848185459E62AB3964AF97C" box="[132,256,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Paraphysornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8481854586C2AB0965CF97C" box="[270,278,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">e</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8481854587E2AB0966FF97C" box="[284,293,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">g</emphasis>
. Alvarenga, 1993:
<figureCitation id="134327B0C848185458812AB39550F97C" box="[483,538,1761,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[680,763,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[681,1227,1262,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-600@3.[680,1228,1261,1675]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Reproduction (by E. Brettas) of some Phorusrhacidae keeping the due proportion as to size. The silhouette of a man 1.75 m high is used as a scale. A - Brontornis burmeisteri; B - Paraphysornis brasiliensis; C - Phorusrhacos longissimus; D - Andalgalornis steuletti; E - Psilopterus bachmanni; F - Psilopterus lemoinei; G - Procariama simplex; H - Mesembriornis milneedwardsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) The internal condyle of the tibiotarsus is medially diverted. The cotyls of the tarsometatarsus are rounded off and the mandibular symphysis (MLP-94-95), mistakenly attributed to the premaxillas by Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891); quadrate, several complete and incomplete thoracic and caudal vertebras, phalanges and fragments of the hindlimbs (MLP-92-93 and 96-117,
<figureCitation id="134327B0C849185558FA2D1296A5FEDD" box="[408,495,320,344]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[94,177,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-360@11.[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brontornis burmeisteri: distal view of the right tarsometatarsus. A - cast of specimen FM-P13259, lacking the external trochlea; B - specimen MLP-112. Note the error in assembling (B) the “internal” trochlea (arrow), which, in fact, is the left external trochlea.This mistake,which was initially made by Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891), was also passed on by Dolgopol de Saez (1927), serving as a notable difference for the characterization of the genus Rostrornis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900733/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
); the complete left and the distal end of the right tarsometatarsus (FM-P13259,
<figureCitation id="134327B0C8491855598F2DD2960DFE1D" box="[237,327,384,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[94,177,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-360@11.[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brontornis burmeisteri: distal view of the right tarsometatarsus. A - cast of specimen FM-P13259, lacking the external trochlea; B - specimen MLP-112. Note the error in assembling (B) the “internal” trochlea (arrow), which, in fact, is the left external trochlea.This mistake,which was initially made by Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891), was also passed on by Dolgopol de Saez (1927), serving as a notable difference for the characterization of the genus Rostrornis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900733/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
); a distal extremity of the right tarsometatarsus (BMNH-A578); distal extremity of the left tarsometatarsus (BMNH-A580); 10 podal and ungual phalanges, the majority belonging to the left foot, apparently from the same specimen (BMNH-A549,
<figureCitation id="134327B0C8491855593C2E7297EFFDBD" box="[94,165,544,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="11.[680,763,676,695]" captionTargetBox="[680,1228,189,648]" captionTargetId="figure-444@11.[680,1228,189,648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Podal phalanges (BMNH-A549), type of Brontornis platyonyx Ameghino, 1895. The measurements and morphology are concordant with those of B. burmeisteri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900729/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); distal end of the left femur (FM-P15309).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF076BBDC84818545BAC2A8A93FAF8BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4900725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900725/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" startId="10.[718,801,1752,1771]" targetBox="[721,1263,1185,1721]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84818545BAC2A8A93FAF8BE" blockId="10.[718,1267,1752,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545BAC2A8A947DF96E" bold="true" box="[718,823,1752,1771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
The hypotarsal region of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545D772A8B93FFF96E" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[1045,1205,1752,1771]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545D772A8B93FFF96E" box="[1045,1205,1752,1771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Brontornis burmeisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimen FM-P13259) is situated on a more distal level than the articular cotylae, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545AEB2B5C9487F8A4" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1895" box="[905,973,1806,1825]" class="Aves" family="Phorusrhacidae" genus="Physornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545AEB2B5C9487F8A4" box="[905,973,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Physornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84818545A952B5C9311F8A4" authorityName="Alvarenga" authorityYear="1993" box="[1015,1115,1806,1825]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Paraphysornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84818545A952B5C9311F8A4" box="[1015,1115,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Paraphysornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the proximal portion of the hypotarsus is on approximately the same level.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C8491855593C2E3395C8FDFD" blockId="11.[94,643,610,728]" box="[94,642,608,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8491855593C2E339665FDFD" box="[94,303,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Horizon and Locality</emphasis>
Lower and Middle Miocene
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C8491855593C2ED2968BFD5D" blockId="11.[94,643,610,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
(Santacrucian) of
<collectingCountry id="F36F7BA5C849185558752ED296CAFD1D" box="[279,384,640,664]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Province of
<collectingRegion id="49BCF5D7C84918555B6E2ED295CAFD1D" box="[524,640,640,664]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
: Lago
<collectingCountry id="F36F7BA5C849185559FF2EF2964CFD3D" box="[157,262,672,696]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Monte Leon, Monte Observación, Kariaken, La Cueva, Rio Gallegos.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF076BBDC84918555BCA2EF694A4FD68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4900729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900729/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" startId="11.[680,763,676,695]" targetBox="[680,1228,189,648]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84918555BCA2EF694A4FD68" blockId="11.[680,1228,676,749]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555BCA2EF69450FD32" bold="true" box="[680,794,676,695]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Podal phalanges (BMNH-A549), type of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555DE22EF79431FD54" authority="Ameghino, 1895" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1895" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyonyx">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555DE22EF795A6FD54" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Brontornis platyonyx</emphasis>
Ameghino, 1895
</taxonomicName>
. The measurements and morphology are concordant with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555AE62E8894A2FD69" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[900,1000,729,748]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555AE62E8894A2FD69" box="[900,1000,729,748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">B. burmeisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C8491855593C2F539603FC9D" blockId="11.[94,329,768,792]" box="[94,329,768,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8491855593C2F539796FC9D" box="[94,220,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Measurements</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C6FA0E8EC849185559952F52960FFC9D" box="[247,325,768,792]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[132,202,192,211]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of Brontornis burmeisteri (cm). Numbers in brackets are estimates on incomplete bones." pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C8491855593C2F13954BFCDC" blockId="11.[94,513,833,857]" box="[94,513,833,857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8491855593C2F139782FCDC" box="[94,200,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Illustrations</emphasis>
Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C8491855593C2FD39387FB1D" blockId="11.[94,643,897,985]" lastBlockId="11.[680,1229,800,1304]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C8491855593C2FD397FAFC1C" box="[94,176,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Remarks</emphasis>
The trochleae of the right tarsometatarsus of specimen MLP-112 (
<figureCitation id="134327B0C8491855583C2FF396FCFC3C" box="[350,438,929,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[94,177,1672,1691]" captionTargetBox="[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-360@11.[94,642,1019,1642]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Brontornis burmeisteri: distal view of the right tarsometatarsus. A - cast of specimen FM-P13259, lacking the external trochlea; B - specimen MLP-112. Note the error in assembling (B) the “internal” trochlea (arrow), which, in fact, is the left external trochlea.This mistake,which was initially made by Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891), was also passed on by Dolgopol de Saez (1927), serving as a notable difference for the characterization of the genus Rostrornis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900733/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
), which Moreno &amp; Mercerat (1891) conceived and assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555B442F9395ABFCBD" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[550,737,800,984]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Rostrornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555B442F9395ABFCBD" box="[550,737,800,984]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Rostrornis floweri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a mistaken assemblage, wherein the internal trochlea is, in fact, an external left trochlea. Such an error in assemblage also served Dolgopol de Saez (1927) to characterize the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555A9B2FD3931CFC1D" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[1017,1110,897,920]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Rostrornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555A9B2FD3931CFC1D" box="[1017,1110,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Rostrornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An appreciable difference in the size of the tarsometatarsus of specimens FM-P13259 and MLP-91 (
<typeStatus id="54C38597C84918555D3E2F92938FFC5D" box="[1116,1221,960,984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation id="134327B0C84918555BCD2FB29407FC7D" box="[687,845,992,1016]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[94,184,1645,1664]" captionTargetBox="[94,642,1298,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-718@5.[94,642,1298,1617]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of the tarsometatarsi of the Brontornithinae (A-D) and Phorusrhacinae (E-F):A - Physornis fortis (MACN-A-52-185); B - Paraphysornis brasiliensis (DGM-1418-R); C - Brontornis burmeisteri (FM-P13259); D - Brontornis burmeisteri (lectotype MLP-91); E - Phorusrhacos longissimus (MLP-76.V.10.11, type of Liornis minor Dolgopol de Saez, 1927); F - Devincenzia pozzi (MNHN-M-189, type of Devincenzia gallinali Kraglievich, 1932).A-D left side; E-F right side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900707/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2C and 2D</figureCitation>
), shows the second to be around 33% larger than the first, which possibly testifies to a sexual dimorphism, seeing that by the characteristics, both are adults. Two distal fragments of tarsometatarsus from the museum in London (BMNH-A578 and A580) are in accordance with this difference in size (
<tableCitation id="C6FA0E8EC84918555D1028D2938AFB1D" box="[1138,1216,1152,1176]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[132,202,192,211]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of Brontornis burmeisteri (cm). Numbers in brackets are estimates on incomplete bones." pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73B35C84918555B8328F293FBFA9D" blockId="11.[680,1229,800,1304]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
Ameghino (1895) described
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555D6828F3938DFB3D" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1895" box="[1034,1223,1184,1208]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyonyx">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555D6828F3938DFB3D" box="[1034,1223,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Brontornis platyonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, basing it on the much smaller build than
<taxonomicName id="4C7840B6C84918555D2B2893938DFB5D" authorityName="Moreno &amp; Mercerat" authorityYear="1891" box="[1097,1223,1216,1240]" class="Aves" family="Brontornithidae" genus="Brontornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
<emphasis id="B90CE727C84918555D2B2893938DFB5D" box="[1097,1223,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">B. burmeisteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His measurements are, however, compatible with the abovementioned variation for the species (
<figureCitation id="134327B0C84918555D3C295293EEFA9D" box="[1118,1188,1280,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="11.[680,763,676,695]" captionTargetBox="[680,1228,189,648]" captionTargetId="figure-444@11.[680,1228,189,648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Podal phalanges (BMNH-A549), type of Brontornis platyonyx Ameghino, 1895. The measurements and morphology are concordant with those of B. burmeisteri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4900729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4900729/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>