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<mods:title id="A59D727841CAF2F65AC648C70E71C083">The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB3DD9F4BDEBA25E3579B177FC9B0DCE">Landau, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5415574A7F85601E3B5FFFFACE07251">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CF879C2C720925FF1DFDBBFBF670E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7976041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209633063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7976041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C720925FF1DFDBBFBF670E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF879C2C720925FF1DFDBBFBF670E1" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF1DFDBBFD24760A" blockId="96.[151,670,601,671]" box="[151,670,601,629]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<heading id="D09181E62C720925FF1DFDBBFD24760A" bold="true" box="[151,670,601,629]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FF1DFDBBFD24760A" authority="(Penas &amp; Rolan 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Penas &amp; Rolan" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[151,670,601,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Pyrgostylus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abreui">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF1DFDBBFD24760A" bold="true" box="[151,670,601,629]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF1DFDBBFEA7760B" bold="true" box="[151,285,602,629]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pyrgostylus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FEC2FDBBFE29760B" bold="true" box="[328,403,602,629]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">abreui</emphasis>
(Peñas &amp; Rolán 2000)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C720925FF1DFD9FFBE9776D" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C720925FF1DFD9FFF4576E7" box="[151,255,638,665]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="148.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@148.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="148" captionText="PLATE 6. A1-A2. Conus s.l. sp. A, DBUA-F 1292-1, height 19.0 mm, diameter 13.0 mm, Ponta dos Frades. B. Tomellana sp., height 25.0 mm (apical fragment), Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). C, D. Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838), height 12.0 mm, width 4.5 mm, Pinheiros (figure C taken from Bronn in Reiss, pl. 1, fig. 9 and figure D taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 6, fig. 50). E1-E2. Psilaxis simplex (Bronn, 1831), DBUA-F 828-3 height 1.5 mm, width 4.5 mm, Ponta dos Frades. F. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814), DBUA-F 1023-2, height 1.9 mm, width 1.1 mm, Ponta do Castelo. G1-G2. Acteon semistriatus (Férussac, 1822), DBUA-F 191-9, height 7.3 mm width 3.9 mm, Malbusca. H1-H2. Cylichna sp., DBUA-F 1034-1, height 10.0 mm, width 5.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. I1-I3. Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814), DBUA-F 1027-2, height 8.2 mm, width 4.5 mm, Malbusca II. J1-J2. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758), height 27.0 mm, width 15.5 mm, unknown locality, LNEG collection (unnumbered). K1-K2. Pyrgostylus cf. abreui (Peñas &amp; Rolán, 2000), DBUA-F 471-2, height 6.0 mm, width 3.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. L1-L3. Clathrella clathrata (Philippi, 1844), DBUA-F 471-1, height 6.0 mm, width 7.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. M, N. Ranella bicoronata Bronn, 1862 species inquirenda, height 19.0 mm, width 15.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure M taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 8 and figure N taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 7, fig. 53)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965301/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Plate 6 K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C720925FF75FD70FE9F76E7" box="[255,293,639,671]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="138.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@138.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="138" captionText="PLATE 1. A. Danilia pterostomus (Bronn, 1861), height 5.0 mm, width 4.0 mm, Forno da Cré (figure taken from Bronn in Hartung, 1861, pl. 19, fig. 2). B1-B2. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939, DBUA-F 487-1, height 1.8 mm, diameter 3.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Bolma cf. rugosa (Linné, 1767), DBUA-F 471-3, diameter 4.1 mm, Ponta do Castelo. D1-D5. Turbo hartungi Bronn 1861, DBUA-F 1295-1, height 9.0 mm, width 8.0 mm, Malbusca (east cave). E1-E3. Nerita cf. funata Dujardin, 1837, DBUA-F 917-1, height 4.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. F1-F2. Thericium crenulosum (Bronn, 1862), height 10.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). G1-G2. Thericium hartungi (Mayer, 1862), height 29.0 mm, width 13.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 11). H1-H2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1034-2, height 23.0 mm, width 10.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. I1-I2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1027-1, height 29.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Malbusca II. J1-J2, K1-K2. Bittium miradouroense nov. sp., Holotype DBUAF 1034-5, height 6.8 mm, width 1.9 mm (J); Paratype DBUA-F 1034-6(1), height 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm (K), Macela viewpoint. L1-L2, M1-M2. Bittium nov. sp., DBUA-F 488-2, height 4.5 mm, width 1.8 mm (L), height 4.2 mm, width 1.7 mm (M), Ponta do Castelo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965287/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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-K
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C720925FEAFFD70FE9776E1" box="[293,301,657,671]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="140.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@140.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="PLATE 2. A1-A2. Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864), DBUA-F 1296-2, height 4.9 mm, width 2.0 mm, Malbusca. B. Tenagodus (Tenagodus) obtusus (Schumacher, 1817), DBUA-F 1283-2, height 12.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Epitonium sp., DBUA-F 931-1, height 4.0 mm, width 2.8 mm, Pedra-que-pica. D1-D3. Janthina krejcii, SMF10135a, height 25.0 mm, diameter 32.0 mm, Macela viewpoint (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 26). E1-E3. Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861), DBUA-F-428, height 19.0 mm, diameter 21.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo, (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 25). F.Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 1283-1, diameter 30.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. G1-G3. Hipponix sulcatus (Borson, 1820), DBUA-F 937-1, height 5.3 mm, diameter 14.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. H1-H2. Euspira atlantica (Mayer, 1862), height 16.0 mm, diameter 19.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). I. Triphorid s.l., DBUA-F 471-5, height 3.2 mm, width 1.3 mm, Ponta do Castelo. J1-J2. Cerithiopsis cf. tubercularis (Montagu, 1803), DBUA-F 1023-1, height 3.0 mm, width 1.2 mm, Ponta do Castelo. K. Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck, 1818), DBUA-F 946-2, height 13.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. L. Thylacodes arenarius (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 869-1, height 33.0 mm, width 24.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. M1-M3. Alvania cancellata (da Costa, 1778), DBUA-F 1296-3, height 4.0 mm, width 2.2 mm, Malbusca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965291/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<subScript id="17E234CF2C720925FEAFFD70FE9776E1" attach="left" box="[293,301,657,671]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF1DFD5CFD4C76AB" blockId="96.[151,1107,701,787]" box="[151,758,701,725]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
cf. * 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FF4EFD5CFDCD76AB" authority="Penas &amp; Rolan 2000: 70" authorityName="Penas &amp; Rolan" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="2000" box="[196,631,701,725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Turbonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abreui">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF4EFD5CFECD76AB" box="[196,375,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Turbonilla abreui</emphasis>
Peñas &amp; Rolán 2000: 70
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 40-45.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF1DFD3DFC77768A" blockId="96.[151,1107,701,787]" box="[151,973,732,756]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FF32FD3DFDF2768A" authority="Penas &amp; Rolan, 2000" authorityName="Penas &amp; Rolan" authorityYear="2000" box="[184,584,732,756]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Turbonilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abreui">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF32FD3DFED0768A" box="[184,362,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Turbonilla abreui</emphasis>
Peñas &amp; Rolán, 2000
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C720925FDE8FD3DFCFE768A" author="Penas, A." box="[610,836,732,756]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="59 - 80" refId="ref119288" refString="Penas, A. &amp; Rola´n, E. (2000) The family Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterostropha) in West Africa. 7. Addenda to the genera Eulimella and Turbonilla, with a list of the East Atlantic species and synonyms. Argonauta, 13 (2), 59 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">
Peñas 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FD28FD3CFD75768A" box="[674,719,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al</emphasis>
. 2000: 186
</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 27A-B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF1DFD1AFBE9776D" blockId="96.[151,1107,701,787]" box="[151,1107,763,787]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FF32FD1AFDDE776D" authority="(Penas &amp; Rolan, 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Penas &amp; Rolan" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[184,612,763,787]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Pyrgostylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abreui">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF32FD1AFECC776D" box="[184,374,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pyrgostylus abreui</emphasis>
(Peñas &amp; Rolán, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FDEEFD1AFDC7776D" bold="true" box="[612,637,763,787]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C720925FDF4FD1AFC20776D" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Micali, P." box="[638,922,763,787]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="201 - 393" refId="ref111719" refString="Landau, B. M. &amp; Micali, P. (2021) The Pliocene Gastropoda of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 13. Murchisonelloidea and Pyramidelloidea. Cainozoic Research, 21 (2), 201 - 393." type="journal article" year="2021">Landau &amp; Micali 2021: 314</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 121, figs. 1-2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C720925FF1DFCA0FCF67701" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF1DFCA0FCF67701" blockId="96.[151,1436,833,1183]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF1DFCA0FDA37725" bold="true" box="[151,537,833,859]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Santa Maria material examined.</emphasis>
Maximum height 6.0 mm, width 3.0 mm. 
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C720925FC79FCA0FBE17725" box="[1011,1115,833,859]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DBUA-F</collectionCode>
471-2 (3), Ponta do Castelo, Santa Maria Island, 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C720925FEFDFC84FE737701" box="[375,457,869,895]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Azores</collectingRegion>
, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C720925FF4DFC68FAE97005" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF4DFC68FAE97005" blockId="96.[151,1436,833,1183]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF4DFC68FEF677DD" bold="true" box="[199,332,905,931]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Discussion.</emphasis>
The specimens at hand are all too incomplete to offer a description and all lack the protoconch, which is of paramount importance in the classification of pyramidellids. Nevertheless, the specimens can be attributed to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FE80FC30FDD67795" authority="Monterosato, 1884" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1884" box="[266,620,977,1003]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Pyrgostylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FE80FC30FE377795" box="[266,397,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pyrgostylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C720925FE1FFC30FDD67795" author="Monterosato, T. A. di" box="[405,620,977,1003]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref116413" refString="Monterosato, T. A. di (1884) Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee. Virzi, Palermo, 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51528" type="book" year="1884">Monterosato, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on their very strong axial sculpture with an occasional varix, and the outer lip also thickened by varix. They are most like 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FC8DFC17FBCB7071" authority="(Penas &amp; Rolan, 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Penas &amp; Rolan" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[775,1137,1013,1039]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Pyrgostylus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abreui">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FC8DFC17FCD37071" box="[775,873,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. abreui</emphasis>
(Peñas &amp; Rolán, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
, an extant species endemic to the island of Madeira, in their relatively slender form and very strong axial sculpture. This species was recently also recorded from the Upper Pliocene western Mediterranean of the Estepona Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C720925FB08FBDCFB787029" box="[1154,1218,1085,1111]" name="Spain" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C720925FB59FBDCFF697005" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Micali, P." pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="201 - 393" refId="ref111719" refString="Landau, B. M. &amp; Micali, P. (2021) The Pliocene Gastropoda of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 13. Murchisonelloidea and Pyramidelloidea. Cainozoic Research, 21 (2), 201 - 393." type="journal article" year="2021">Landau &amp; Micali 2021</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C720925FF6DFB80FE817005" box="[231,315,1121,1147]" class="Gastropoda" family="Epitoniidae" genus="Ianthina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="view">In view</taxonomicName>
of the incompleteness of the Azorean fossil specimens, we leave them in open nomenclature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C720925FF4DFB64FBF670E1" box="[199,1100,1157,1183]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C720925FF4DFB64FBF670E1" blockId="96.[151,1436,833,1183]" box="[199,1100,1157,1183]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C720925FF4DFB64FEDB70E1" bold="true" box="[199,353,1157,1183]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</emphasis>
Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C720925FCE7FB64FC0670E1" box="[877,956,1157,1183]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Azores</collectingRegion>
(this paper).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>