304 lines
33 KiB
XML
304 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="4454F98409489E286F51E4965A1A75A6" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347311" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630203687125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PATTON, JAMES L., DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F. & MALCOLM, JAY R." docDate="2000" docId="039E01774B6AD801FEA1378FB43BFB72" docLanguage="en" docName="B244.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (244)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)244%3C0001%3AMOTRJA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Metachirus nudicaudatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFA7790F4B54D840FFB7335EB74EFFCF" masterDocTitle="Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1699183939665" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="39B07EC913AD42C77629ABFD81464AA4">Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B6DDFB8D2F4A274C53E0432D654ED24">PATTON, JAMES L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A25209AAF88F6C0CA855B20C36DB2186">DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD62074E23D4D244BEA687E5A14C6E68">MALCOLM, JAY R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7CBA7075DF28578F02EA3B85A41D3BF1">2000</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039E01774B6AD801FEA1378FB43BFB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E01774B6AD801FEA1378FB43BFB72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E01774B6AD801FEA1378FB43BFB72" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B6AD87EFEA1378FB559FACA" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87EFEA1378FB50EFB27" blockId="62.[278,576,1233,1285]" box="[278,576,1233,1256]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0C0070D4B6AD87EFEA1378FB50EFB27" box="[278,576,1233,1256]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6AD87EFEA1378FB50EFB27" ID-CoL="42952" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[278,576,1233,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6AD87EFEA1378FB50EFB27" box="[278,576,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Metachirus nudicaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87EFE8937B0B559FACA" blockId="62.[278,576,1233,1285]" box="[318,535,1262,1285]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="D0C0070D4B6AD87EFE8937B0B559FACA" box="[318,535,1262,1285]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="4">(Desmarest, 1817)</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B6AD87EFF773642B79DFA9F" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87EFF773642B79DFA9F" blockId="62.[163,692,1308,1741]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B6AD87EFF773642B7B7FAFD" box="[192,249,1308,1331]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY: ‘‘Cayenne,’’
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B6AD87EFD953642B781FA9F" name="French Guiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B6AD87EFF773608B424FAB0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87EFF773608B424FAB0" blockId="62.[163,692,1308,1741]" lastBlockId="62.[739,1268,1233,1741]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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DESCRIPTION: This is a terrestrial species that is readily distinguishable from all other sympatric marsupials by a combination of its moderate size, light yellow to reddishbrown dorsal coloration with creamywhite spots over the eyes, venter from chin to tail a uniform pinkish yellow, naked tail with only a very minimally furred base, long and rather narrow hind feet, lack of a pouch in adult females, and skull with rounded interorbital region without supraorbital ledges or postorbital processes. Sexual dimorphism is slight to nonexistent within our limited sam ple, but it is present in six of 19 characters (TOL, HF, CIL, ZB, RW, and CD; all at
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6AD87EFB7237B1B39AFAC9" box="[1221,1236,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">p</emphasis>
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<0.05, based on oneway ANOVA; table 11). Selected external and cranial measurements for adult individuals of both sexes are given in table 11.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B6AD87FFCB736D8B3BCF9BA" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87EFCB736D8B362F95E" blockId="62.[739,1268,1233,1741]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: We took
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6AD87EFB6436D9B4CEFA73" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6AD87EFB6436D9B3A5FA51" box="[1235,1259,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6AD87EFD5436FBB4CEFA73" box="[739,896,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">nudicaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only in the middle and lower reaches of the Rio Jurua´, and always on the ground in terra firme forest. However, in the Headwaters localities we found individuals in terra firme as well as in ‘‘várzea’’ forest which in this region is narrowly distributed along parts of the river and is probably only inundated in extreme years.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6AD87FFCB735C6B3BCF9BA" blockId="62.[739,1268,1233,1741]" lastBlockId="63.[743,1272,1572,1741]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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REPRODUCTION: The species appears to breed throughout the year as parous females with attached young were collected during the rainy season months of February, March, April, and May and during the dry season months of August and September. Very young aged individuals (age class 1 and 2 for
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6BD87FFF6335E9B54CF902" authority=", Gardner, 1982" authorityName=", Gardner" authorityYear="1982" box="[212,514,1718,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6BD87FFF6335E9B60BF901" box="[212,325,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Didelphis</emphasis>
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, Gardner, 1982
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</taxonomicName>
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) were taken at nearly all localities during the months from February to November. The modal number of attached young was 8 (range 6–9, n = 7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF48E0E94B6BD87FFF7637B5B5DEFA3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347415/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[193,231,1259,1280]" targetBox="[277,1161,189,1235]" targetPageId="63">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6BD87FFF7637B5B5DEFA3F" blockId="63.[167,1271,1259,1520]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Fig. 49. Strict consensus tree of two minimumlength parsimony trees of the brown foureyed opossum,
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6BD87FFF523658B6BBFAD4" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[229,501,1286,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6BD87FFF523658B6BBFAD4" box="[229,501,1286,1307]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Metachirus nudicaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on the initial 450 bp of the mtDNA cytochromeb gene, and rooted by comparison to sequences from
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6BD87FFDDD367EB59EFAFA" authorityName=", Gardner" authorityYear="1982" box="[618,720,1312,1333]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6BD87FFDDD367EB59EFAFA" box="[618,720,1312,1333]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Didelphis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B6BD87FFCBD367EB43DFAFA" authorityName="TIEDEMANN" authorityYear="1808" box="[778,883,1312,1333]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Philander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B6BD87FFCBD367EB43DFAFA" box="[778,883,1312,1333]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Philander</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of character changes. Regional reciprocally monophyletic clades are identified, and keyed to the localities mapped in fig. 48. Haplotypes for specimens from the Rio Juruá are identified by heavy lines and bold type; numbers refer to the specific locality as identified in the text and the map, fig. 1 Bold numbers at internal nodes are bootstrap values, based on 1000 iterations; percentages are average Kimura twoparameter distances. Individual haplotypes are identified by general locality, except for those from the Rio Jurua´, which are identified by specimen and locality numbers (see table 10). Tree length = 215 steps; CI = 0.730; RI = 0.842.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B6BD801FCB33522B43BFB72" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B6BD87FFCB33522B3B6F902" blockId="63.[743,1272,1572,1741]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">KARYOTYPE: 2n = 14, FN = 20 (fig. 47D) The autosomal complement consists of four pairs of large metacentric and submetacentric</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FF14308FB5CDFB7A" blockId="64.[163,692,977,1584]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">elements and two pairs of medium acrocentrics. The Xchromosome is a small acrocentric and the Y is an even smaller acrocentric. This karyotype has been described and figured by Reig et al. (1977), Palma and Yates (1996), and Svartman (1998). Chromosomal preparations are available from four individuals (MNFS 366, 380, 1038, and 1104).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FF7737E2B6D4F9FF" blockId="64.[163,692,977,1584]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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SPECIMENS EXAMINED (n = 44): (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDF337E5B51DFB1C" bold="true" box="[580,595,1211,1235]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">1</emphasis>
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)
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<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FDD237E2B5C3FB1C" box="[613,653,1212,1235]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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, 3f — MNFS 1068, 1104, 1117, 1234; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDE33787B52DFB3E" bold="true" box="[596,611,1241,1265]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">2</emphasis>
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) 1f — MNFS 1394; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FEF837A8B610FAC1" bold="true" box="[335,350,1270,1294]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">a</emphasis>
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)
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<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FEC737A8B6DBFAC2" box="[368,405,1270,1293]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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— MNFS 1006; (
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||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDD837A8B532FAC1" bold="true" box="[623,636,1270,1294]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">c</emphasis>
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)
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||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FD3937A8B5FDFAC2" box="[654,691,1270,1293]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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||
— MNFS 1038; (
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||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FECC364DB6C4FAE4" bold="true" box="[379,394,1299,1323]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">3</emphasis>
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||
) 1f — MNFS 1578; (
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||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FD2C364DB5E4FAE4" bold="true" box="[667,682,1299,1323]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">4</emphasis>
|
||
)
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||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FF14366EB784FA88" box="[163,202,1328,1351]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
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, 5f — MNFS 1479, 1529, 1659, JUR 211, 220 225, 244; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FE243613B6ECFAAA" bold="true" box="[403,418,1357,1381]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">6</emphasis>
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)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FE043610B695FAAA" box="[435,475,1358,1381]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
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||
, 3f — JLP 15542, 15567, 15569, 15620, 15661; (
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||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDAF3634B569FA4D" bold="true" box="[536,551,1386,1410]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">7</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FD8C3635B52DFA4D" box="[571,611,1387,1410]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
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||
, 9f — MNFS 366, 370, 380, 393395, 400, 474, JLP 15305, 15340, 15359; (
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||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDBE36FAB556FA73" bold="true" box="[521,536,1444,1468]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">9</emphasis>
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) 2f — JLP 16042–16043; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FED6369FB630FA16" bold="true" box="[353,382,1473,1497]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">12</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FE22369CB6F2FA16" box="[405,444,1474,1497]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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, 1f — MNFS 757– 758; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FF5A3681B644FA38" bold="true" box="[237,266,1503,1527]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">13</emphasis>
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)
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||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FE973681B60BFA39" box="[288,325,1503,1526]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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— JUR 292; (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDB23681B56CFA38" bold="true" box="[517,546,1503,1527]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">14</emphasis>
|
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)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FD8F3681B52EFA39" box="[568,608,1503,1526]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
|
||
, 2f — JUR 433, 466, 470, 495–496, 505; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FDE136A2B53DF9DB" bold="true" box="[598,627,1532,1556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">15</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B14D800FD3136A2B5E0F9DC" box="[646,686,1532,1555]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
, 1f — JUR 352, 399.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FEAC350FB574F9AB" blockId="64.[163,691,1617,1741]" box="[283,570,1617,1636]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FEAC350FB574F9AB" authority="LESSON, 1842" authorityName="LESSON" authorityYear="1842" box="[283,570,1617,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FEAC350FB6EEF9AB" box="[283,416,1617,1636]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">MICOUREUS</emphasis>
|
||
LESSON, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FEA0352DB571F945" blockId="64.[163,691,1617,1741]" box="[279,575,1651,1674]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Woolly mouse opossums</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FF7735C7B5FDF902" blockId="64.[163,691,1617,1741]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">The woolly mouse opossums are arboreal, omnivorous, and common members of the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B14D800FD54308FB3BDF902" blockId="64.[739,1268,977,1741]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Neotropical forest marsupial assemblage The genus is widely distributed, ranging from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FC923752B421FBEC" box="[805,879,1036,1059]" name="Belize" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FBB33752B335FBEC" box="[1028,1147,1036,1059]" name="Argentina" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from the lowland Amazonian to middle elevation elfin forests on both Andean slopes (Emmons and Feer, 1997). The number of species recognized in the genus is in flux, as adequate geographic analyses that can identify species boundaries have yet to be performed. For example, Gardner (1993) recognizes four species and Emmons and Feer (1997) five. Both sets of authors record three species within Amazonia:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FCDD366AB3E1FA84" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[874,1199,1332,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constantinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FCDD366AB4B1FA84" box="[874,1023,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">constantinae</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FCFF360CB4C1FAA6" box="[840,911,1362,1385]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FBDD360CB38CFAA6" box="[1130,1218,1362,1385]" name="Bolivia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FB66360CB4ACFA49" authority="Thomas, 1898" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FB66360CB459FA48" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">regina</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas, 1898
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in extreme western Amazonia, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FC1A36D3B3A0FA6B" authority="Thomas, 1905" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[941,1262,1421,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FC1A36D3B365FA6B" box="[941,1067,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, throughout Amazonia from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FB3936F5B39BFA0D" box="[1166,1237,1451,1474]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Guianan region and south to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FB003696B400FA32" authority="Atlantica" authorityName="Atlantica" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mata Atlântica</taxonomicName>
|
||
of coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B14D800FC6C36B8B368FA32" box="[987,1062,1510,1533]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FD54355AB4C1F9D4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[739,911,1539,1563]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FD54355AB5B5F9D4" box="[739,763,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FCA6355AB4C1F9D4" box="[785,911,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, exhibits considerable variation in coloration and other pelage characteristics, especially in the degree of the furred tailbase, and is likely to be composite (see immediately below). Its relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B14D800FD5435C7B4EDF97F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[739,931,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constantinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FD5435C7B5B5F97F" box="[739,763,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B14D800FCB935C7B4EDF97F" box="[782,931,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">constantinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example, needs clarification (contrast map in Emmons and Feer
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48E0E94B15D801FF7630D6B667FAE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5347417/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[193,231,904,925]" targetBox="[171,691,188,882]" targetPageId="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B15D801FF7630D6B667FAE2" blockId="65.[167,696,904,1325]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Fig. 50. Maximum parsimony tree of cytochromeb haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FE7230FDB5F9FC77" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[453,695,931,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FE7230FDB5F9FC77" box="[453,695,931,952]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Micoureus demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FF6130E0B60EFC1C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[214,320,957,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FF6130E0B7A2FC1C" box="[214,236,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FF4B30E0B60EFC1C" box="[252,320,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">regina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Rio Jurua´, based on 401 bp of sequence. The tree was rooted by comparison to homologous sequence from specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FF103750B600FBEC" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1931" box="[167,334,1038,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FF103750B600FBEC" box="[167,334,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marmosa rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FE353750B532FBEC" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[386,636,1038,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Monodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FE353750B532FBEC" box="[386,636,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Monodelphis domestica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(data from Patton et al., 1996). Branch lengths are proportional to the number of character changes. Comparisons were specifically made between specimens collected at the same or nearby localities. Each unique haplotype is identified by locality designation and field number. Bold numbers at internal nodes are bootstrap values, based on 1000 iterations; percentages are average Kimura twoparameter distances. Tree length = 131 steps; CI = 0.740.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B15D801FF10362AB5F6F9D2" blockId="65.[167,696,1396,1741]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
[1997] with area assignments by Anderson [1997]). Finally, populations from the middle elevations of the eastern Andean slopes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B15D801FF103692B792FA2C" box="[167,220,1484,1507]" name="Peru" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FE8C3692B6D4FA2C" box="[315,410,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">rapposa</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B15D801FDD53692B5F6FA2C" box="[610,696,1484,1507]" name="Bolivia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FF5A36B7B63BF9CF" box="[237,373,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">mapiriensis</emphasis>
|
||
Tate) need critical evaluation in relation to those from lowland forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B15D801FF73357AB34CFCEC" blockId="65.[167,696,1396,1741]" lastBlockId="65.[743,1273,193,1213]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
We examined 401 base pairs of cytochromeb sequence for 23 individual woolly mouse opossums from the Rio Jurua´. These comprise 17 separate haplotypes that form two deeply divergent clades that differ by more than 16% (fig. 50). Each of these clades is internally uniform with average divergences of less than 4%. We have placed these two clades in a broader set of geographic comparisons with specimens from Middle America, elsewhere throughout much of Amazonia, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FCC4320AB368FEA4" authority="Atlantica" authorityName="Atlantica" box="[883,1062,340,363]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mata Atlântica</taxonomicName>
|
||
of coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B15D801FB07320AB3B9FEA4" box="[1200,1271,340,363]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 51; table 12). For this larger data set the 630 base pairs of sequence available identify four clades that differ by an average of 10 to 15% (fig. 52). Both taxa found along the Rio Juruá have broader distributions outside of that river basin, one linking to samples from northern Peru´, and the other to a series of localities scattered throughout central, northeastern, and eastern Amazonia. The two additional clades are represented by a single individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FC6031C9B31EFD61" box="[983,1104,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alstoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FC6031C9B4A1FD61" box="[983,1007,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FBB631C9B31EFD61" box="[1025,1104,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">alstoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B15D801FB2C31C8B3B9FD62" box="[1179,1271,662,685]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a series of specimens from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FB3B31EAB47AFD27" authority="Atlantica" authorityName="Atlantica" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Mata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mata Atlântica</taxonomicName>
|
||
of coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B15D801FC0C318FB348FD27" box="[955,1030,721,744]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The significance of the latter is discussed below under the account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FCE43052B4B5FCEC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[851,1019,780,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FCE43052B425FCEC" box="[851,875,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FCCA3052B4B5FCEC" box="[893,1019,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B15D801FCB23077B43BFB72" blockId="65.[743,1273,193,1213]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Representatives of the two haplotype clades that occur within the Rio Juruá basin occupy generally separate habitats, although they are truly sympatric at some localities and broadly overlap in the middle and headwaters sections of the river. The two forms possess the morphological characteristics usually accorded to the western Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FD50374AB47DFBE4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[743,819,1044,1067]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FD50374AB47DFBE4" box="[743,819,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">regina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the eastern Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FB07374AB462FB87" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FB07374AB462FB87" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tate, 1933; updated by Gardner 1993).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FC883711B35AFBA9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[831,1044,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FC883711B35AFBA9" box="[831,1044,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Micoureus regina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies only the upper reaches of the Rio Juruá basin, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B15D801FD5037D7B4DFFB6F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" box="[743,913,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Micoureus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demerarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FD5037D7B5B1FB6F" box="[743,767,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B15D801FCA437D7B4DFFB6F" box="[787,913,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">demerarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found throughout the Rio Juruá basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |