605 lines
73 KiB
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605 lines
73 KiB
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<mods:title id="0ACB818E53EED675CD6C1C0A2EA384D5">Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE08EFE78F9E7" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,432,1520,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFF2EE08EFE78F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,432,1520,1547]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Oligosoma auroraensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE327FECAF99D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,258,1625,1649]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Synonyms</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE309FE7FF97C" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,439,1655,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE309FE7FF97C" authorityName="Mccann" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,439,1655,1680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">Leiolopisma infrapunctatum</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF7EE3E8FE92F942" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[199,346,1686,1710]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE3E8FE92F942" author="Hardy, G. S." box="[199,346,1686,1710]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="221 - 325" refId="ref26326" refString="Hardy, G. S. (1977) The New Zealand Scincidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia); a taxonomic and zoogeographic study. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 4, 221 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1977.9517956" type="journal article" year="1977">HARDY 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE3CBFE61F921" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,425,1717,1741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE3CBFE61F921" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,425,1717,1741]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFF2EE3CBFE61F921" box="[151,425,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Oligosoma infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF7EE3ADFE8CF8E6" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE3ADFE73F907" author="Bidinosti, L. & Flynn, K. & Leith, J. & Ocock, J." box="[199,443,1747,1771]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" refId="ref24741" refString="Bidinosti, L., Flynn, K., Leith, J. & Ocock, J. (2008) Skink biodiversity at Cape Kidnappers: historic distribution, current status and future prospects. What was, what is and what could be. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 43 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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BIDINOSTI
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFEF5E3AAFEB7F907" box="[332,383,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFE7CE3ADFD63F907" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." box="[453,683,1747,1771]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
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GREAVES
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFD84E3AAFDB8F907" box="[573,624,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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; CHAPPLE
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFC95E3AAFC97F907" box="[812,863,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2009;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFC1CE3AAFB08F907" author="Jewell, T. & Morris, R." box="[933,1216,1747,1771]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" refId="ref26877" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2011) A photographic guide to reptiles & amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, 143 pp." type="book" year="2011">JEWELL & MORRIS 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFB73E3ADFA51F907" author="Towns, D. R. & Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[1226,1433,1747,1771]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" refId="ref29228" refString="Towns, D. R., Neilson, K. A. & Whitaker, A. H. (2002) North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan, 2002 - 2012. Threatened Species Recvovery Plan 48. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 61 pp." type="book" year="2002">
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TOWNS
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFA93E3AAFA95F907" box="[1322,1373,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE38DFE8CF8E6" author="Dent, E." box="[199,324,1777,1802]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" refId="ref25626" refString="Dent, E. (2016) The impacts of an introduced mammalian predator (Mus musculus) on tree weta (Hemideina trewicki) and skinks (Oligosoma polychroma, Oligosoma infrapunctatum and Oligosoma lineoocellatum) in Cape Sanctuary, Hawkes Bay. Unpublished MS thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 84 pp." type="book" year="2016">DENT 2016</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE26FFD03F8C5" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,715,1808,1833]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE26FFE19F8C5" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,465,1808,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFF2EE26FFECEF8C5" box="[151,262,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFE8CE26FFE19F8C5" box="[309,465,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“southern North Island”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF7EE251FC67F88A" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
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HITCHMOUGH, R., BULL, L. & CROMARTY, P. 2007;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFC8AE251FB97F8AB" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Hoare, J. M. & Jamieson, H. & Newman, D. & Tocher, M. D. & Anderson, P. J. & Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[819,1119,1839,1863]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="203 - 224" refId="ref26527" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D. Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37 (3), 203 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2010.496487" type="journal article" year="2010">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFC53E24EFBE8F8AB" box="[1002,1056,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFBD5E251FA51F8AB" author="Hitchmough, R. & Anderson, P. & Barr, B. & Monks, J. & Lettink, M. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T." box="[1132,1433,1839,1863]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref26612" refString="Hitchmough, R., Anderson, P., Barr, B., Monks, J., Lettink, M., Reardon, J., Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T. (2013) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 2. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2013">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFA9AE24EFA92F8AB" box="[1315,1370,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE231FE8AF88A" author="Bell, T." box="[199,322,1870,1894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="8 - 11" refId="ref24718" refString="Bell, T. (2014) Standardized common names for New Zealand reptiles. BioGecko, 2, 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="2014">BELL 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFEF5E230FDB1F88A" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G." box="[332,633,1869,1894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref26684" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G. (2016 a) Putting a name to diversity: taxonomy of the New Zealand lizard fauna. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand lizards. Springer International Publishing, pp. 87 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8" type="book chapter" year="2016">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFE46E231FDFBF88A" box="[511,563,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
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2016a
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFD3DE230FC67F88A" author="Hitchmough, R. & Barr, B. & Lettink, M. & Monks, J. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J." box="[644,943,1869,1894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26767" refString="Hitchmough, R., Barr, B., Lettink, M., Monks, J., Reardon, J., Tocher, M., van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J. (2016 b) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 17. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2016">
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HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFC8EE231FCA2F88A" box="[823,874,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE213FDCBF869" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,515,1900,1925]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFF2EE213FED3F868" box="[151,283,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE213FECEF869" baseAuthorityName="Patterson & Daugherty" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[151,262,1901,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oligosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
southern North Island”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF7EE2F5FE4FF84F" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[199,391,1931,1955]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE2F5FE4FF84F" author="Wiles, A." box="[199,391,1931,1955]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" pagination="73 - 75" refId="ref29762" refString="Wiles, A. (2017) First record of Kupe skink (Oligosoma ' Southern North Island') displaying melanistic traits at the Cape Sanctuary, Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand. BioGecko, 4, 73 - 75." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
WILES
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFEA2E2F2FE86F84F" box="[283,334,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF2EE2D4FDBEF82E" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[151,630,1961,1986]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3F2B0DFF2EE2D4FE19F82E" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,465,1961,1986]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFF2EE2D4FECEF82E" box="[151,262,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFE8CE2D4FE19F82E" box="[309,465,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3F2B0DFE58E2D7FDA5F82E" box="[481,621,1961,1986]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">Hawke’s Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3F2B0DFF7EE2B7FE15F80D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1625,2017]" box="[199,477,1993,2017]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3F2B0DFF7EE2B7FE11F80D" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[199,473,1993,2017]" pageId="32" pageNumber="473" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
VAN WINKEL
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3F2B0DFED3E2B4FE55F80D" box="[362,413,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3E2B0CFF2EE5E7FDF0FE60" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF2EE5E7FF28FF3B" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB3E2B0CFF2EE5E7FF28FF3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823858" collectingDate="2015-03-26" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="T. Bell" latitude="-39.75" longLatPrecision="1167" longitude="177.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF2EE5E7FEC3FF5F" bold="true" box="[151,267,153,179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFF2EE5E7FECEFF5F" box="[151,262,153,179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ocean Beach, Cape Kidnappers (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFD36E5E7FD3CFF5F" box="[655,756,152,179]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="-39.75">39º 45’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFCBBE5E7FCBFFF5F" box="[770,887,153,179]" degrees="177" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="177.0">177º 00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFC34E5E7FC17FF5F" box="[909,991,153,179]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE007397, male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB3E2B0CFB4BE5E7FA88FF5F" box="[1266,1344,153,179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">T. Bell</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB3E2B0CFAF0E5E7FF1CFF3B" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" value="2015-03-26">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB3E2B0CFAF0E5E7FF1CFF3B" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" value="2015-03-26">26 Mar 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE59FFEA6FEAF" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE59FFE33FF17" bold="true" box="[199,507,224,251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFF7EE59FFEF7FF17" box="[199,319,225,251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB3E2B0CFEECE59EFE26FF17" box="[341,494,224,251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ocean Beach, Cape Kidnappers (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFC2DE59FFC36FF17" box="[916,1022,224,251]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="-39.75">39º 45’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFBA8E59FFB42FF17" box="[1041,1162,225,251]" degrees="177" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="177.0">177º 00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB3E2B0CFB1CE59FFAF1FF17" box="[1189,1337,225,251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB3E2B0CFAF3E59FFEB8FEF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823807" collectionCode="NMNZ" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFAF3E59FFA54FF17" box="[1354,1436,225,251]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE007400, female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB3E2B0CFEC7E47BFD7CFEF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823812" box="[382,692,261,287]" collectionCode="NMNZ" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFEC7E47BFE18FEF3" box="[382,464,261,287]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE007398, female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB3E2B0CFD7BE47BFC30FEF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823848" box="[706,1016,261,287]" collectionCode="NMNZ" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFD7BE47BFCDCFEF3" box="[706,788,261,287]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE007399, female
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB3E2B0CFBBFE47BFEA2FEAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823829" collectingDate="2015-03-26" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="T. Bell" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFBBFE47BFB90FEF3" box="[1030,1112,261,287]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE007396, female (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB3E2B0CFA3FE47BFF0EFEAF" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">T. Bell</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB3E2B0CFF74E457FEABFEAF" box="[205,355,296,323]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" value="2015-03-26">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB3E2B0CFF74E457FEABFEAF" box="[205,355,296,323]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" value="2015-03-26">26 Mar 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE432FDF0FE60" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE432FD6AFE8B" bold="true" box="[199,674,332,359]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Other specimens examined (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB3E2B0CFDA8E432FD5DFE8B" box="[529,661,332,359]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Waimarama,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3E2B0CFC81E433FC05FE8B" box="[824,973,333,359]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">Hawke‘s Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFC63E433FBF3FE8B" box="[986,1083,333,359]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="-39.816666">39º 49’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB3E2B0CFBFDE433FB7CFE8B" box="[1092,1204,332,359]" degrees="176" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" precision="925" value="176.98334">176º 59’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFB7EE433FAD1FE8B" box="[1223,1305,333,359]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE000959, female (coll. Wilson, unknown date).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3E2B0CFF7EE4EAFBA1FC4B" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE4EAFBA1FC4B" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE4EAFEF2FE43" bold="true" box="[199,314,404,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFEFEE4EBFE25FE43" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[327,493,405,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFEFEE4EBFE25FE43" box="[327,493,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFC49E4EBFB76FE43" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1008,1214,405,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFC49E4EBFB76FE43" box="[1008,1214,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by a combination of characters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB3E2B0CFE59E4C7FD8AFE38" box="[480,578,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1653,1678]" captionTargetBox="[158,1395,227,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,194,1632]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. a–j. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species group (O. albornense, n=4; O. auroraensis, n=6; O. newmani, n=50; O. robinsoni, n=14; O. salmo, n=5). a) snout-ear (SE)/ear-axilla (EF), b) midbody scales, c) ventral scales, d) upper ciliaries, e) supraciliaries, f) supralabials, g) snout-vent length (SVL)/ hindlimb length (HLL), h) subdigital lamellae, i) axilla-groin (AG)/snout-forelimb (SF), j) head-length (HL)/ head-width (HW). If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence interval." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258590/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a–j). Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFC8BE4C7FC72FE3F" box="[818,954,441,467]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFC8BE4C7FC72FE3F" box="[818,954,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has 20 or fewer subdigital lamellae on fourth hind toe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFEDEE4A3FDC6FE1B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[359,526,477,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFEDEE4A3FDC6FE1B" box="[359,526,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has more than 20. The mean TL/SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFB96E4A3FB1EFE1B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1071,1238,477,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFB96E4A3FB1EFE1B" box="[1071,1238,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 1.38 compared with 1.22 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFE8FE77FFE08FDF7" box="[310,448,513,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFE8FE77FFE08FDF7" box="[310,448,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and there is also a significantly higher VS count in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFBA5E77FFB0EFDF7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1052,1222,513,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFBA5E77FFB0EFDF7" box="[1052,1222,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFA38E77FFF34FDD3" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFA38E77FFF34FDD3" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFD62E75BFCB3FDD3" box="[731,891,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFD62E75BFCB3FDD3" box="[731,891,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFC0CE75BFB95FDD3" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[949,1117,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFC0CE75BFB95FDD3" box="[949,1117,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VS).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFB12E75BFA83FDD3" box="[1195,1355,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFB12E75BFA83FDD3" box="[1195,1355,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFF6EE737FE49FD8F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[215,385,585,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF6EE737FE49FD8F" box="[215,385,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFC60E737FB4BFD8F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[985,1155,585,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFC60E737FB4BFD8F" box="[985,1155,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) versus 21 or below.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFA38E737FEDBFD6B" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFA38E737FEDBFD6B" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have a shorter tail (1.28 TL/SVL versus mean TL/SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3E2B0CFB99E713FBA6FD6B" box="[1056,1134,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5052" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" unit="in" value="1.38">1.38 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFBCCE713FAD4FD6B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1141,1308,621,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFBCCE713FAD4FD6B" box="[1141,1308,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). VS count in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFF0CE7EFFE8AFD47" box="[181,322,657,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF0CE7EFFE8AFD47" box="[181,322,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually less than 75 whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFD74E7EFFCBDFD47" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[717,885,657,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFD74E7EFFCBDFD47" box="[717,885,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is greater than 75. It differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFAB6E7EFFF57FD23" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFAB6E7EFFA54FD47" box="[1295,1436,657,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">O. robinsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
i
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
n having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFD51E7CBFC5AFD23" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[744,914,693,719]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFD51E7CBFC5AFD23" box="[744,914,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) versus usually 21 or below. The mid-dorsal stripe is to base of tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFE0DE7A7FD88FD1F" box="[436,576,729,755]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFE0DE7A7FD88FD1F" box="[436,576,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, past base of tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFC9AE7A7FC03FD1F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[803,971,729,755]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFC9AE7A7FC03FD1F" box="[803,971,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFF2EE783FF36FCFB" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,254,765,791]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF2EE783FF36FCFB" box="[151,254,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFE8EE783FE17FCFB" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[311,479,765,791]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFE8EE783FE17FCFB" box="[311,479,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VS).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFD94E783FD5BFCFB" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[557,659,765,791]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFD94E783FD5BFCFB" box="[557,659,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has fewer than 20 subdigital lamellae on the fourth hind toe versus usually greater than 20. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFD27E65FFC8DFCD7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[670,837,801,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFD27E65FFC8DFCD7" box="[670,837,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFA38E65FFED4FCB3" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFA38E65FFED4FCB3" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) versus usually 21 or below. It appears to have a shorter tail (1.25 TL/SVL versus mean TL/SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3E2B0CFAD2E63BFF65FC6F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5052" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" unit="in" value="1.38">1.38 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFF0DE617FE92FC6F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[180,346,873,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF0DE617FE92FC6F" box="[180,346,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). None of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFE42E617FD6AFC6F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[507,674,873,899]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFE42E617FD6AFC6F" box="[507,674,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens have the extra scale between prefrontals possessed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFA38E617FE8CFC4B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFA38E617FE8CFC4B" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFEC3E6F3FDE9FC4B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[378,545,909,935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFEC3E6F3FDE9FC4B" box="[378,545,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 7 infralabials whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3E2B0CFCE8E6F3FBE8FC4B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[849,1056,909,935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFCE8E6F3FBE8FC4B" box="[849,1056,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3E2B0CFF7EE6CEFD1FFA0B" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE6CEFD1FFA0B" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE6CEFE25FC27" bold="true" box="[199,493,944,971]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFEC0E6CFFE20FC27" box="[377,488,945,971]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Habit lacertiform, body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs well developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Snout moderately blunt. Nostril centred in lower middle of nasal, not touching bottom edge of nasal, pointing up and back. Supranasals absent. Rostral similar in depth to width. Frontonasal broader than long, not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Frontal longer than broad, shorter than frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars. Supraoculars 4, 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFC2AE11AFC6BFB9E" attach="left" box="[915,931,1124,1138]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">nd</superScript>
|
||
largest. Preoculars, 2, upper upper one larger. Frontoparietals distinct, larger than the interparietal. A pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFB06E1D2FB05FB56" attach="left" box="[1215,1229,1196,1210]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">rd</superScript>
|
||
supraocular, and 2 postoculars. Loreals 2, similar size; anterior loreal in contact with 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFC3DE1AEFC47FB32" attach="left" box="[900,911,1232,1246]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">st</superScript>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFC68E1AEFC29FB32" attach="left" box="[977,993,1232,1246]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">nd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal, and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFCBAE18AFCDBFAEE" attach="left" box="[771,787,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFCEEE18AFCADFAEE" attach="left" box="[855,869,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFBB8E18AFBC4FAEE" attach="left" box="[1025,1036,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">st</superScript>
|
||
subocular, upper and lower preocular, prefrontal, and anterior loreal. Supralabials 7, 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFD68E066FD16FACA" attach="left" box="[721,734,1304,1318]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">th</superScript>
|
||
largest. Infralabials 6, several equally largest. Fifth supralabial below centre of the eye. Temporals: 1 primary; 2 secondary. Ear opening round, moderately large (1.9% as percentage of SVL), with several small projecting granules on anterior margin. Suboculars 8, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFB39E01EFB45FA82" attach="left" box="[1152,1165,1376,1390]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">th</superScript>
|
||
and 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFB6CE01EFB2AFA82" attach="left" box="[1237,1250,1376,1390]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">th</superScript>
|
||
separated by 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFA29E01EFA55FA82" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1376,1390]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Postmental larger than mental. Chinshields 3 pairs. Dorsal scales largest. Ventral scales and subdigital lamellae smooth. Adpressed limbs meeting. Digits moderately long, subcylindrical. Third front digit shorter than the 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB3E2B0CFD7AE0B2FD18FA36" attach="none" box="[707,720,1484,1498]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">th</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3E2B0EFF7EE08FFB93FE67" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE08FFEBAF977" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE08FFF01F9C3" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFE31E08EFE38F9E7" box="[392,496,1520,1547]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFC31E08EFC35F9E7" box="[904,1021,1520,1547]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
/specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFF6AE36BFECFF9C3" box="[211,263,1557,1583]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
70.1 (mean 77.9, range 68.0–92.0), HL 11.6 (mean 12.2, range 11.2–13.8), HW 6.6 (mean 7.1, range 6.4–8.1), AG 36.2 (mean 41.0, range 34.0–49.7), SF 27.5 (mean 29.3, range 27.0–32.4), S-Ear 14.8 (mean 14.8, range 14.0–15.7), EF 14.7 (mean 15.8, range 14.0–18.3), HLL 27.0 (mean 28.5, range 26.0–31.0), D-Ear 1.3 (mean 1.3, range 1.1–1.7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3E2B0CFF7EE3DAFECAF857" blockId="33.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3E2B0CFF7EE3DAFAA1F953" bold="true" box="[199,1385,1700,1727]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFEFEE3DAFE67F953" box="[327,431,1700,1727]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB3E2B0CFC8DE3DAFC61F953" box="[820,937,1700,1727]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
/specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 7 (mean 7, range 5–8); lower ciliaries 12 (mean 10, range 8–12); nuchals 3 pair (mean 3 pairs, range 2–3 pairs); midbody scale rows 32 (mean 31, range 30–32); ventral scale rows 73 (mean 77, range 73–82); subdigital lamellae 22 (mean 21, range 19–22); supraciliaries 5L/6R (mean 5, range 5–6); suboculars 6 (mean 6, range 5–6). Frontonasal usually not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Anterior loreal always in contact with first and second supralabial, posterior loreal always in contact with second and third supralabial. Supralabials 7, the sixth the largest. Infralabials 6 (usual) or 7. Projecting scales usually present in ear opening. Maximum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3E2B0CFAD1E203FA54F87B" box="[1384,1436,1917,1943]" pageId="33" pageNumber="474">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
92.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4654EACB3D2B0FFF2EE3FCFC2DF957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258610/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="475" startId="34.[151,250,1666,1691]" targetBox="[151,1431,162,1594]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3D2B0FFF2EE3FCFC2DF957" blockId="34.[151,1436,1666,1723]" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3D2B0FFF2EE3FCFEE9F977" bold="true" box="[151,289,1666,1691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3D2B0FFEF5E3FDFE2DF976" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[332,485,1667,1690]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3D2B0FFEF5E3FDFE2DF976" box="[332,485,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, Ocean Beach, Cape Kidnappers, North Island (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl). b) Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3D2B0FFEA0E3DDFE78F956" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,432,1699,1722]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="34" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3D2B0FFEA0E3DDFE78F956" box="[281,432,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Hawkes Bay, North Island (photo: Dylan van Winkel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3D2B0FFF7EE397FDC4F8A0" blockId="34.[151,1436,1769,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">
|
||
Two of the specimens examined had an intact tail, tail length of intact specimens ranging between
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3D2B0FFA95E397FF0EF8CB" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="112.0" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="110.0">110 – 114 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Mean TL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB3D2B0FFEFAE273FEBEF8CB" box="[323,374,1805,1831]" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.40. Ratios for morphological measurements (+ SD): AG/SF 1.39 + 0.13; S-Ear/EF 0.94 + 0.07; HL/HW 1.72 + 0.24 (N=6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3D2B0EFF7EE22AFB93FE67" blockId="34.[151,1436,1769,2011]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1443,153,1836]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3D2B0FFF7EE22AFE97F883" bold="true" box="[199,351,1876,1903]" pageId="34" pageNumber="475">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
This is variable among specimens, but the most common colouration is as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe where present not usually continuous, but if continuous carries past base of tail. Dorsal surface mid brown, usually with light and dark flecking, 5–6 scale rows wide, grading into pale dorsolateral stripe extending from behind eye to base of tail. This pale stripe is bordered below by a ½ scale row wide dark brown band, below that a 2-scale wide lighter brown row, notched on upper and lower edges, running from behind nostril through eye towards base of tail and becoming indistinct towards tip of tail. This band may have lighter speckling. Then a darker brown band 1 half-scales wide. This lower dark brown band is bordered below by a pale stripe, 1 to 2 half-scale rows wide running from below the eye, through the ear, above the limbs to become indistinct after the hindlimbs. This band is notched above and below. Soles of feet cream/brown. Belly pale yellow, speckled with darker flecks. Throat pale, speckled. Outer surface of forelimbs brown, speckled with light and dark. Dorsal surface of head with few dark markings. Under surface of tail shades to grey from yellow. Juvenile colour unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3C2B0EFF7EE4EBFB50FE3F" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3C2B0EFF7EE4EBFB50FE3F" blockId="35.[151,1443,153,1836]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFF7EE4EBFE86FE43" bold="true" box="[199,334,405,431]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The scientific name is derived from the meaning of aurora ‘of the dawn’ and the eastern location of the species. Suggested vernacular names are
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFD37E4C7FCECFE3F" box="[654,804,441,467]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawke’s Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
skink, or eastern speckled skink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3C2B0EFF7EE4A2FF28FBB7" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3C2B0EFF7EE4A2FEBFFD47" blockId="35.[151,1443,153,1836]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFF7EE4A2FEA9FE1B" bold="true" box="[199,353,476,503]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is recorded from the Hawke’s Bay region of the North Island, in the 34.01 Eastern Hawkes Bay Ecological District. This distribution is well southeast of what is termed as the ‘Taupo Line biogeographic barrier’; other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3C2B0EFE2FE75BFD59FDD3" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[406,657,549,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFE2FE75BFE79FDD3" box="[406,433,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFE5DE75BFD59FDD3" box="[484,657,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records also exists for south of this line but their identities are not yet confirmed at specific level (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFE68E737FCEEFD88" author="Chapple, D. G. & Hitchmough, R. A." box="[465,806,585,612]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" pagination="109 - 131" refId="ref25498" refString="Chapple, D. G. & Hitchmough, R. A. (2016) Biogeography of New Zealand lizards. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), Biogeography of New Zealand Lizards. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 109 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8 _ 5" type="book chapter" year="2016">Chapple & Hitchmough 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is recorded from the coast to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFAAAE737FA93FD8F" box="[1299,1371,585,611]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
|
||
ASL. The species has been found in coastal dunes, grassland, low shrubland, scrubland and coastal forest edges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFACBE713FEA3FD47" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFF56E7ECFEE0FD47" box="[239,296,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3C2B0EFF7EE7CBFF28FBB7" blockId="35.[151,1443,153,1836]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFF7EE7CBFE45FD23" bold="true" box="[199,397,692,719]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal, strongly heliothermic, terrestrial. A large skink (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFBDFE7CBFB0DFD23" box="[1126,1221,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFAABE7CBFA8EFD23" box="[1298,1350,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="g" value="23.0">23 g</quantity>
|
||
) that is known from coast and lowland habitats. Population studies have been undertaken at Cape Sanctuary by
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFAFBE7A7FA54FD1F" box="[1346,1436,729,755]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFE81E783FE7CFCFB" box="[312,436,765,791]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFE7DE783FD7EFCFB" author="Bidinosti, L. & Flynn, K. & Leith, J. & Ocock, J." box="[452,694,765,791]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref24741" refString="Bidinosti, L., Flynn, K., Leith, J. & Ocock, J. (2008) Skink biodiversity at Cape Kidnappers: historic distribution, current status and future prospects. What was, what is and what could be. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 43 pp." type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Bidinosti
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFD8EE780FDBAFCFB" box="[567,626,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFD7DE783FCF7FCFB" author="Dent, E." box="[708,831,765,791]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref25626" refString="Dent, E. (2016) The impacts of an introduced mammalian predator (Mus musculus) on tree weta (Hemideina trewicki) and skinks (Oligosoma polychroma, Oligosoma infrapunctatum and Oligosoma lineoocellatum) in Cape Sanctuary, Hawkes Bay. Unpublished MS thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 84 pp." type="book" year="2016">Dent 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFCC8E783FC08FCFB" box="[881,960,765,791]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
pers. comm.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFBC8E783FB33FCF4" author="Dent, E." box="[1137,1275,765,792]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref25626" refString="Dent, E. (2016) The impacts of an introduced mammalian predator (Mus musculus) on tree weta (Hemideina trewicki) and skinks (Oligosoma polychroma, Oligosoma infrapunctatum and Oligosoma lineoocellatum) in Cape Sanctuary, Hawkes Bay. Unpublished MS thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 84 pp." type="book" year="2016">Dent (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated the density of eastern speckled skinks to range between 880–990 / ha in exotic grassland and represented 97–99% of all skink captures at a small study site in Cape Sanctuary, but this population was apparently not increasing in response to predatory pest control. The range of these skinks within Cape Sanctuary is currently restricted to a few known grassland and duneland sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFE5FE6F3FD18FC4B" author="Bidinosti, L. & Flynn, K. & Leith, J. & Ocock, J." box="[486,720,909,935]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref24741" refString="Bidinosti, L., Flynn, K., Leith, J. & Ocock, J. (2008) Skink biodiversity at Cape Kidnappers: historic distribution, current status and future prospects. What was, what is and what could be. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 43 pp." type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Bidinosti
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFDEFE6F0FD46FC4B" box="[598,654,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFD62E6F3FC9EFC44" author="Dent, E." box="[731,854,909,936]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref25626" refString="Dent, E. (2016) The impacts of an introduced mammalian predator (Mus musculus) on tree weta (Hemideina trewicki) and skinks (Oligosoma polychroma, Oligosoma infrapunctatum and Oligosoma lineoocellatum) in Cape Sanctuary, Hawkes Bay. Unpublished MS thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 84 pp." type="book" year="2016">Dent 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sex ratios at this population are equal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFAA7E6F3FA50FC4B" author="Dent, E." box="[1310,1432,909,935]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" refId="ref25626" refString="Dent, E. (2016) The impacts of an introduced mammalian predator (Mus musculus) on tree weta (Hemideina trewicki) and skinks (Oligosoma polychroma, Oligosoma infrapunctatum and Oligosoma lineoocellatum) in Cape Sanctuary, Hawkes Bay. Unpublished MS thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 84 pp." type="book" year="2016">Dent 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, T. Bell, unpub. data). From a large sample of individuals at this location, the mean SVL was
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFB1DE6CFFB3BFC27" box="[1188,1267,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFAF1E6CFFF0FFC03" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
), original tail length exceeds SVL by a ratio of 1.3, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFCDCE6ABFC0FFC03" box="[869,967,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mean weight was
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFB1AE6AAFB24FC03" box="[1187,1260,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.75" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="g" value="8.75">8.75 g</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB3C2B0EFAFCE6ABFA47FC03" box="[1349,1423,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" unit="g" value="12.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="2.0">2–23g</quantity>
|
||
); and the percentage of tail loss was very high (81%) although these were typically represented as loss of tail tips (E. Dent, unpub. data; T. Bell, unpub. data). A single melanistic individual has been recorded in this population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFAE3E163FF1CFBB7" author="Wiles, A." pageId="35" pageNumber="476" pagination="73 - 75" refId="ref29762" refString="Wiles, A. (2017) First record of Kupe skink (Oligosoma ' Southern North Island') displaying melanistic traits at the Cape Sanctuary, Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand. BioGecko, 4, 73 - 75." type="journal article" year="2017">Wiles 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB3C2B0EFF7EE11AFCB4F8C7" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB3C2B0EFF7EE11AFCB4F8C7" blockId="35.[151,1443,153,1836]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFF7EE11AFE84FB93" bold="true" box="[199,332,1124,1151]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens from five localities have been genotyped and are members of or close to Clade 4 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB3C2B0EFF01E1F7FE60FB4F" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." box="[184,424,1161,1187]" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Greaves
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFEA7E1F4FE91FB4F" box="[286,345,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB3C2B0EFE0CE1F7FDD1FB4F" box="[437,537,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1987,2012]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,725,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,686,1968]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree, with 1,000 bootstraps, for the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species complex. Well-supported nodes (i.e. bootstrap support>70) are indicated with an asterisk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258586/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). This clade originally included specimens from the coast near Whanganui. A specimen from Westport was sister to this clade and is separated by 2.9% sequence divergence (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BB31D9CB3C2B0EFB76E1D3FAEFFB2B" box="[1231,1319,1197,1223]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[144,232,801,827]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Tamura-Nei corrected genetic distances (below the diagonal), and standard errors (above the diagonal; based on 1,000 bootstraps) among taxa within the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species complex." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4654EACB142B26FF29E65FFE3AFCB3" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" tableUuid="DF4654EACB142B26FF29E65FFE3AFCB3">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). We have obtained ND2 sequences from additional specimens from Ngamatea Station, Kaimanawa Ranges, and from Cape Kidnappers,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFE91E18BFE71FAE3" box="[296,441,1269,1295]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The Ngamatea Station samples clustered most closely with the Whanganui coast clade (2.8% model corrected ND2 sequence divergence), and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFC92E067FC71FADF" box="[811,953,1305,1331]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples with the Westport specimen (2.9% model corrected ND2 sequence divergence). An additional specimen labelled „Awarua Point“, but in our opinion clearly mislabelled, also clustered closely with the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFD77E01FFC94FA97" box="[718,860,1377,1403]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples. DNA could not be extracted from a museum specimen from Waimarama,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFDBDE0FBFD55FA73" box="[516,669,1413,1439]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawke‘s Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but this locality is geographically close to Cape Kidnappers and the specimen is morphologically similar to the Cape Kidnappers ones. We have based this description on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFAFBE0D7FF0CFA0B" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations only, recognising that the Whanganui
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFCB3E0B3FC82FA0B" box="[778,842,1485,1511]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Kaimanawas populations (5.3% divergent from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB3C2B0EFF06E08FFE85F9E7" box="[191,333,1521,1547]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">Hawkes Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
population, a deeper separation than that between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3C2B0EFCC4E08FFC2AF9E7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[893,994,1521,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFCC4E08FFC2AF9E7" box="[893,994,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3C2B0EFBAFE08FFB7BF9E7" box="[1046,1203,1521,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFBAFE08FFB7BF9E7" box="[1046,1203,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are likely to require description as a distinct species. These populations are also morphologically distinctive, in particular a specimen from Waiinu Beach seen by one of us (GBP) is quite different from any other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB3C2B0EFB75E347FA55F9BF" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1228,1437,1593,1619]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB3C2B0EFB75E347FA55F9BF" box="[1228,1437,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="476">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group so far examined. However, we lack sufficient preserved material to fully assess or formally describe this potential species here. DNA could not be extracted from the Wairarapa museum specimens, and no live individuals have been found in the Wairarapa region since the 1970s, despite recent species-specific survey effort (T. Bell, unpub. data, 2018). These specimens show some morphological differences from the Cape Kidnappers ones and their taxonomic identity requires further work. The taxonomic status of the unique Westport specimen (2.9% divergent from the Cape Kidnappers population) also requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |