255 lines
37 KiB
XML
255 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6F9F4D8E912EEA803AE635150123A55F">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B9DB60FD909F05D63ED64F7AB37FE1E">Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F727FFEB2EEDA6509116B7FDEB062E1">Zhan, Zifeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93CE57429AE95D7F43E991E518C6C00B">Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="606CFC05DF4B0B9158BFD96F1AAF23EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4F1770184596609595685F87D4DBD93">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388878CFFB59C5B099CE916774DFDF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212424462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388878CFFB59C5B099CE916774DFDF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388878CFFB59C5B099CE916774DFDF2" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D099CE916764EFBB3" blockId="67.[151,582,1086,1149]" box="[151,582,1086,1113]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0D681F6FFB59C5D099CE916764EFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,582,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB59C5D099CE916764EFBB3" ID-CoL="5Z2D2" authority="Versluys, 1902" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,582,1086,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D099CE916764EFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,582,1086,1113]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D099CE9167583FBB2" bold="true" box="[151,395,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Chrysogorgia rigida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D0899E917764EFBB3" author="Versluys, J." box="[402,582,1086,1113]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB59C5D099CE94B7582FB96" box="[151,394,1123,1149]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D099CE94B7582FB96" blockId="67.[151,582,1086,1149]" box="[151,394,1123,1149]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D099CE94B74FCFB96" box="[151,244,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D09F4E94B7515FB96" box="[255,285,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">41</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFB59C5D0822E94B7582FB96" box="[297,394,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="61.[118,210,576,602]" captionTargetBox="[133,1993,618,1570]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphological comparisons among the species with long toothed rib-like scales in pinnules within the Group C." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1">Table 10</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D099CE98F76F8FB54" blockId="67.[151,752,1191,1246]" box="[151,752,1191,1215]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFB59C5D099CE98F76F8FB54" box="[151,752,1191,1215]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFB59C5D099CE98F765BFB54" author="Versluys, J." box="[151,595,1191,1215]" page="83" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1902">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB59C5D099CE98F765BFB54" ID-CoL="5Z2D2" authority="Versluys, 1902: 81 - 83" authorityName="Versluys" authorityPageNumber="81 - 83" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,595,1191,1215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D099CE98F756FFB54" box="[151,359,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Chrysogorgia rigida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D0866E98F765BFB54" author="Versluys, J." box="[365,595,1191,1215]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902: 81–83</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 136–142.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D099CE9EE765AFB35" blockId="67.[151,752,1191,1246]" box="[151,594,1222,1246]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFB59C5D099CE9EE765AFB35" box="[151,594,1222,1246]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFB59C5D099CE9EE7646FB35" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,590,1222,1246]" page="536" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB59C5D099CE9EE7646FB35" ID-CoL="5Z2D2" authority=": Kukenthal 1919: 536" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="536" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,590,1222,1246]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D099CE9EE756FFB35" box="[151,359,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Chrysogorgia rigida</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB59C5D087EE9EE7646FB35" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[373,590,1222,1246]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref38389" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergennisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 536</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB59C5D099CE82476F7FAA1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D099CE82476F7FAA1" blockId="67.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D099CE8247588FACD" bold="true" box="[151,384,1292,1318]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFB59C5D088EE82476F3FAA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152322" collectingDate="2017-08-26" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="691" latitude="10.505555" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="140.15889" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MBM286356" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFB59C5D088EE8247629FACC" box="[389,545,1292,1319]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MBM286356</specimenCode>
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, station FX-Dive 143 (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFB59C5D0ABBE825703EFAC3" box="[944,1078,1293,1320]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="32" value="140.15889">140°9′32″E</geoCoordinate>
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), a seamount (tentatively named as M4) on the Caroline Ridge,
|
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D08FAE8187632FAA0" box="[497,570,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.909999999999999" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="691.0">
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<elevation id="000CD1A9FFB59C5D08FAE8187632FAA0" box="[497,570,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.909999999999999" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="691.0">691 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9F105AFFB59C5D0B4DE81876F3FAA1" box="[582,763,1328,1354]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2017-08-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFB59C5D0B4DE81876F3FAA1" box="[582,763,1328,1354]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2017-08-26">26 August 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB59C5A09CCE87C717FFE8E" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5D09CCE87C712DF965" blockId="67.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB59C5D09CCE87C7551FA85" bold="true" box="[199,345,1364,1390]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony bottlebrush-shaped and attached to a rock (
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0AA1E87C701DFA85" box="[938,1045,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 40A</figureCitation>
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). Specimen about
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0DE2E87C7138FA84" box="[1257,1328,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D099CE85074C7FA78" box="[151,207,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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wide in maximum with an unbranched stem about
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0A1EE8507745FA78" box="[789,845,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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long. Holdfast small and nearly same as the base of the stem. Stem about
|
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0884E8B475EEFA5C" box="[399,486,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at base with a strong blue metallic luster and became brown in branch. Branching sequence 1/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFB59C5D089CE8E875B6FA31" box="[407,446,1472,1498]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic">3L.</specimenCount>
|
||
Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to four orders with branching angle 90°–100°. Distance between adjacent branch about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0B6BE8CC76ABFA14" box="[608,675,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, orthostiche intervals
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0A92E8CC701CFA14" box="[921,1044,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the first internode of branch about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D099CEB2074D2F9C8" box="[151,218,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the terminal branchlets up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0B6FEB2076A2F9C8" box="[612,682,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Polyps 1.5–2.0 mm tall and 1.0 mm wide, usually with a conical shape, some of them with an expanded body and became narrow at the base of tentacular part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0DE8EB047198F9AD" box="[1251,1424,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 40C–E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps often arranged one on first and medial internodes, and up to three in terminal branchlets. Polyps absent in stem internodes and verrucae also absent. Tentacular part 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB59C5D0A5BEB5C77ADF964" box="[848,933,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with eight obvious tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB59C5A09CCEBB0717FFE8E" blockId="67.[151,1437,1292,2039]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1436,150,357]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Scales in aboral face of tentacle rachis transversely arranged in a single row, thick and curved, branched or forked with irregular shape but relatively uniform from the tentacle bottom to top, usually with broad ends and many obvious fine or coarse warts, measuring 72–267 × 13–161 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0A6DEBC877D1F911" box="[870,985,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 40G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0AEEEBC87010F911" box="[997,1048,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">41C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules longitudinally arranged, slender and curved with rib-like shape, usually coarse and the margins of its two side often bent up to form a shallow groove, some of them nearly smooth with sparse warts on one end. It usually with one end more toothed and the other end slightly lobed and one side serrated at the distal, measuring 266–444 × 11–89 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0C2FEA647190F88D" box="[1316,1432,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 40G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D099CEA5874C3F861" box="[151,203,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with one or two ends forked or sharp with one side slightly serrated at the proximal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB59C5D0DA4EA58711DF861" box="[1199,1301,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
|
||
), measuring 344–461 × 5–28 μm. Scales at the base of tentacular part longitudinally or transversely arranged, elongate with an obvious medial contraction, some of them one or two ends became broad and straight, usually irregular with lobed edges, nearly smooth or with sparse fine warts on surface and shallow toothed traces on edge surface, measuring 100–356 × 33–267 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB29C5A08AEEDBF7606FF5A" box="[421,526,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 41D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in basal polyp body wall longitudinally or transversely arranged, stacked with each other, elongate with an obvious medial contraction and rounded ends and shallow toothed traces on edge surface, nearly smooth, occasionally with sparse fine warts and lobed with irregular shape, measuring 78–333 × 17–167 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB29C5A0822EC2B7594FEF6" box="[297,412,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 40G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB29C5A08A2EC2B75D2FEF6" box="[425,474,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">41E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in coenenchyme longitudinally arranged, elongate and thin with usually one or more large oval warts on center and many fine warts, measuring 95–241 × 17–59 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB29C5A0D70EC0F70EEFEAA" box="[1147,1254,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-125@68.[182,1406,381,1911]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 40. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, D, G. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyp under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E, G); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 40F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB29C5A0DFAEC0F7128FEAA" box="[1265,1312,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-192@69.[164,1423,561,1904]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 41. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia rigida Versluys, 1902. A. Sclerites with toothed ends in pinnules. B. Sclerites with forked or sharp ends in pinnules. C. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. D. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. E. Sclerites in the basal polyp body wall. F. Sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203524/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">41F</figureCitation>
|
||
). It usually with a slight medial contraction and irregular and coarse edges, which surface arranged with dense small warts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFB29C5A099CEAA670AAF805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203522/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,250,1934,1958]" targetBox="[182,1406,381,1911]" targetPageId="68" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB29C5A099CEAA670AAF805" blockId="68.[151,1436,1934,2031]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A099CEAA67517F84D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1934,1958]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB29C5A0BBDEAA6702CF84D" authority="Versluys, 1902" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1902" box="[694,1060,1934,1958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0BBDEAA6778EF84D" box="[694,902,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Chrysogorgia rigida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB29C5A0A80EAA6702CF84D" author="Versluys, J." box="[907,1060,1934,1958]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0D27EAA67036F84D" bold="true" box="[1068,1086,1934,1958]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A</emphasis>
|
||
, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A08A4EA9A75C9F821" bold="true" box="[431,449,1970,1994]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A08C5EA9A75E8F821" bold="true" box="[462,480,1970,1994]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A08E7EA9A760EF821" bold="true" box="[492,518,1970,1994]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0DD8EA9A70E2F821" bold="true" box="[1235,1258,1970,1994]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A single terminal polyp under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0853EAFE7563F805" bold="true" box="[344,363,2006,2030]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">F.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0A59EAFE776BF805" bold="true" box="[850,867,2006,2030]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0AC9EAFE77FAF805" bold="true" box="[962,1010,2006,2030]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0AF4EAFE701BF805" bold="true" box="[1023,1043,2006,2030]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">G</emphasis>
|
||
); 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB29C5A0D8EEAFE709CF805" bold="true" box="[1157,1172,2006,2030]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB39C5B09CCEDBE7612FF3E" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB39C5B09CCEDBE7612FF3E" blockId="69.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB39C5B09CCEDBE75FDFF5B" bold="true" box="[199,501,150,177]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336760AFFB39C5B0B5CEDBF76D0FF5A" box="[599,728,151,177]" name="Philippines" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB39C5B0BEFEDBE7725FF5A" box="[740,813,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.22" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="522.0">522 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB39C5B0A36EDBF77ECFF5A" author="Versluys, J." box="[829,996,151,177]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount on the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific Ocean,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFB39C5B08C7ED937612FF3E" box="[460,538,187,213]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFB39C5B08C7ED93761EFF3E" box="[460,534,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.909999999999999" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="691.0">691 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFB39C5B09CCEDF7774DFDF2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB39C5B09CCEDF777F2FE46" blockId="69.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB39C5B09CCEDF77533FF12" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,249]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB39C5B084EEDF776E8FF12" authority="Versluys, 1902" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1902" box="[325,736,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB39C5B084EEDF77625FF12" box="[325,557,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chrysogorgia rigida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB39C5B0B3CEDF776E8FF12" author="Versluys, J." box="[567,736,223,249]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a typical bottlebrush-shaped colony, thin scales usually with an large wart on center and coarse warty edges in coenenchyme, irregular scales with relatively uniform shape and many fine warts in tentacles, and a strong blue metallic luster in stem. It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB39C5B0C88EC0F7505FE8E" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB39C5B0C88EC0F7505FE8E" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from it by relatively regular scales in polyp body wall (vs. elongate and slender with irregular shape), thin scales with usually one large warts on center in coenenchyme (vs. thick with many large warts), more rib-like scales with forked or two sharp ends in pinnules (vs. rare) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFB39C5B0A8CECBB77E4FE46" box="[903,1004,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="61.[118,210,576,602]" captionTargetBox="[133,1993,618,1570]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="TABLE 10. Morphological comparisons among the species with long toothed rib-like scales in pinnules within the Group C." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFCB9C23097DEF6871A6FDB1">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB39C5B09CCEC9F774DFDF2" blockId="69.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Our specimen matches well with the original descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB39C5B0A73EC9F77D6FE3A" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1902" box="[888,990,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB39C5B0A73EC9F77D6FE3A" box="[888,990,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C. rigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sclerite forms and colony shape, but differs by larger orthostiche intervals and smaller polyp size, which may be caused by different status of tentacles and growth stage, and is treated as the intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |