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<heading id="D0A0818AFF95FFEEFF57FB8EFDF7FBC0" bold="true" box="[151,574,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF57FB8EFDF7FBC0" bold="true" box="[151,574,1049,1075]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF95FFEEFF6DFB8EFDF7FBC0" ID-CoL="WDZV" authority="Koehler, 1922" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1922" box="[173,574,1049,1075]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF6DFB8EFE42FBC0" bold="true" box="[173,395,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Clypeaster fervens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFE52FB8EFDF7FBC0" author="Koehler" box="[402,574,1049,1075]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, II: Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 9, 5 - 161." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFF57FBACFF2FFBA7" box="[151,230,1083,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[362,1245,1289,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,1288,1780]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 57. Clypeaster fervens (SAMC-A 28220). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843441/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
AD.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF95FFEEFF57FB14FB4EFB25" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF95FFEEFF57FB14FD37FB6A" ID-CoL="WDZV" authority=": Mortensen, 1948 d: 84" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,766,1155,1177]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens" subGenus="Rhaphidoclypus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF57FB14FECCFB6A" box="[151,261,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Clypeaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFED4FB14FE7EFB6A" box="[276,439,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rhaphidoclypus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFE06FB14FDC6FB6A" box="[454,527,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">fervens</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF95FFEEFDDDFB13FD37FB6A" author="Mortensen" box="[541,766,1155,1177]" page="84" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFDDDFB13FD13FB6A" author="Mortensen" box="[541,730,1155,1177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Mortensen, T., (1948 d) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroidea. Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, pp. 471." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="d">Mortensen, 1948d</bibRefCitation>
: 84
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86. Pl. XIII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFC4CFB14FC05FB6A" box="[908,972,1155,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFC18FB14FC2EFB6A" box="[984,999,1155,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">3</figureCitation>
. Pl. XXII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFB97FB14FB77FB6A" box="[1111,1214,1155,1177]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-10="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-8="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-9="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-10="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-8="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-9="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-10="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-9="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-10="15" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionTargetPageId-9="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 111</figureCitation>
. Pl. XXVI,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFAF7FB14FABCFB6A" box="[1335,1397,1155,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
. Pl. LXV,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFEC4FB35FE96FB4B" box="[260,351,1186,1208]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-2="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 79</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFEA9FB35FE4DFB4B" box="[361,388,1186,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF95FFEEFE4FFB35FE62FB4B" box="[399,427,1186,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">20</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF57FB57FB4EFB25" blockId="50.[151,1436,1155,1238]" box="[151,1159,1216,1238]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF95FFEEFF57FB57FB4EFB25" box="[151,1159,1216,1238]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF95FFEEFF57FB57FDEBFB25" ID-CoL="WDZV" authority=": Schultz, 2009: 541" authorityName=": Schultz" authorityPageNumber="541" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,546,1216,1238]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF57FB57FE9DFB25" box="[151,340,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Clypeaster fervens</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF95FFEEFEA1FB57FDEBFB25" author="Schultz" box="[353,546,1216,1238]" page="541" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFEA1FB57FE39FB25" author="Schultz" box="[353,496,1216,1238]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Schultz, H. (2009) Sea-Urchins II, Worldwide Irregular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 849 pp." type="book" year="2009">Schultz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 541
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Figs 917920;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF95FFEEFD04FB57FC31FB25" author="Filander" box="[708,1016,1216,1238]" page="55" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFD04FB57FC1AFB25" author="Filander" box="[708,979,1216,1238]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Filander, Z. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander &amp; Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 55
</treatmentCitation>
. Pl. II, Fig. G.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28666EFF95FFEEFF57F890FCAEF8CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843441/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[362,1245,1289,1778]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF57F890FCAEF8CF" blockId="50.[151,1435,1799,1852]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF57F890FEE8F8EE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1799,1821]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 57.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF95FFEEFEE9F890FE2EF8EE" authorityName=": Schultz" authorityYear="2009" box="[297,487,1799,1821]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFEE9F890FE2EF8EE" box="[297,487,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Clypeaster fervens</emphasis>
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(SAMC-A28220).
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFD70F890FD0BF8EE" bold="true" box="[688,706,1799,1821]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
. Map showing distribution.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFC28F890FC30F8EE" bold="true" box="[1000,1017,1799,1821]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
. Aboral view of preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFA43F890FA5CF8EE" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1799,1821]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
. Oral view of preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFE32F8B1FDCDF8CF" bold="true" box="[498,516,1830,1852]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
. Side view of preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF95FFEEFF57F8FEFCC6F807" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF57F8FEFC0CF872" blockId="50.[151,1436,1897,2037]" box="[151,965,1897,1922]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF57F8FEFE49F871" bold="true" box="[151,384,1897,1922]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</emphasis>
SAMC-A28220; SAMC-A28214; SAMC-A28223.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF07F807FCC6F807" blockId="50.[151,1436,1897,2037]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF07F807FEB9F85A" bold="true" box="[199,368,1936,1961]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Identification.</emphasis>
Test oval, concave sides, slightly elevated aborally towards petaliod area. Petals broad, closed, except anterior one, which is open distally. Live specimens reddish brown in color; denuded test white.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF07F84BFE1BF806" bold="true" box="[199,466,2012,2037]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test length
<specimenCount id="9D51FD6FFF95FFEEFD0FF84AFCC6F807" box="[719,783,2013,2037]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF95FFEEFD0FF84AFCC2F807" box="[719,779,2013,2037]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF94FFEFFF07FF00FCE5FF27" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF94FFEFFF07FF00FCE5FF27" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF94FFEFFF07FF00FE7AFF43" bold="true" box="[199,435,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Global distribution.</emphasis>
East coast region of South Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF94FFEFFCF9FF00FB94FF43" author="Filander" box="[825,1117,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Filander, Z. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander &amp; Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
), Red Sea and East Africa to Malayan Archipelago; at
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF94FFEFFE74FF2BFDFBFF27" box="[436,562,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="61.5" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="13.0">13 110 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF94FFEFFD46FF2BFCD6FF27" author="Schultz" box="[646,799,188,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Schultz, H. (2009) Sea-Urchins II, Worldwide Irregular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 849 pp." type="book" year="2009">Schultz 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF94FFEFFF07FF48FB56FF0B" box="[199,1183,223,248]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF94FFEFFF07FF48FB56FF0B" blockId="51.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,1183,223,248]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF94FFEFFF07FF48FEF2FF0B" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
Differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF94FFEFFE15FF77FDB2FF0B" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[469,635,223,248]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eurychorius">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF94FFEFFE15FF77FDB2FF0B" box="[469,635,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. eurychorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its broad petals, with the anterior one opened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>