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<document id="C49FBF29C9FC51B89A960796442A5457" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12364" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5460600" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630238996968" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Yan, Ying, Xu, Yuan, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. &amp; Song, Weibo" docDate="2016" docId="03DC776A9122FFA4FCF52E9094C7C057" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12364.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12364" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song 2016, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="FFE50F129120FFA7FFAF2D459736C643" masterDocTitle="Morphology and phylogeny of three trachelocercids (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with description of two new species and insight into the evolution of the family Trachelocercidae" masterLastPageNumber="319" masterPageNumber="306" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1699195178285" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="50A7472B26E83D04164BA2787C72CCD6">Morphology and phylogeny of three trachelocercids (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with description of two new species and insight into the evolution of the family Trachelocercidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A8920EB06AC635C36BCE14F120494BC">Yan, Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA3EC0C23AA8D5A6557D523CA85CA15B">Xu, Yuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95BC61E10A8B7B71452B2D62FC4BCF95">Al-Farraj, Saleh A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FBC05AE20FF2200CE767835FC71BD76">Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB7235F926F516CD457C78C68F274AD4">Song, Weibo</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FCF52E9092B3C5A9" blockId="2.[858,1413,981,1035]" box="[858,1413,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<heading id="D08271109122FFA5FCF52E9092B3C5A9" box="[858,1413,981,1002]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9122FFA5FCF52E909216C5AA" authority="Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song, 2016" authorityName="Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song" authorityYear="2016" box="[858,1312,981,1002]" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="quadrinucleatus" status="sp. nov.">TRACHELOLOPHOS QUADRINUCLEATUS</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FA872E9D92B3C5A9" bold="true" box="[1320,1413,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232A7159122FFA5FA872E9D92B3C5A9" box="[1320,1413,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FC532EB093D5C248" blockId="2.[858,1413,981,1035]" box="[1020,1251,1013,1035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
(
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99122FFA5FBAA2EB09367C249" box="[1029,1105,1013,1034]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99122FFA5FBF12EB09358C249" box="[1118,1134,1013,1034]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6F7F3C79122FFA5FBD32EB093EEC248" box="[1148,1240,1013,1035]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[142,206,197,216]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. (upper line), Trachelolophos binucleatus sp. nov. (middle line) and Tracheloraphis similis (lower line) from protargol-impregnated specimens" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FC93295994FFC2AA" blockId="2.[828,1444,1051,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC9329599485C272" box="[828,947,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Body size 
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FB95295993BDC272" box="[1082,1163,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">in vivo</emphasis>
1100–1400 × 25–40 μm; 14–25 and 26–40 somatic kineties on head and trunk, respectively; single nuclear group composed of three or four macronuclei and two micronuclei; glabrous stripe narrow, corresponding to area occupied by two somatic kineties; cortical granules colourless and about 0.5 μm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FC9328549490C3C1" blockId="2.[828,1443,1296,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<materialsCitation id="3B1DCC219122FFA5FC9328549497C3C1" country="China" latitude="21.16111" location="Techeng island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="110.42722" municipality="Zhanjiang" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC93285494E4C366" box="[828,978,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<typeStatus id="54CE78DE9122FFA5FC9328549446C365" box="[828,880,1297,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
A mangrove wetland on 
<location id="8EAA90A79122FFA5FB5D285592A9C365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC776A9122FFA4FCF52E9094C7C057:8EAA90A79122FFA5FB5D285592A9C365" box="[1266,1439,1296,1318]" country="China" latitude="21.16111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="110.42722" municipality="Zhanjiang" name="Techeng island" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Techeng island</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAE5C069122FFA5FC93286A9499C306" box="[828,943,1327,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Zhanjiang</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36286EC9122FFA5FC15286A94C8C306" box="[954,1022,1327,1349]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">China</collectingCountry>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE41A0BB9122FFA5FB37286A9229C307" box="[1176,1311,1327,1349]" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="38" value="110.42722">110°25′38″E</geoCoordinate>
), where the water temperature was 26 °C and salinity about 25‰ (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99122FFA5FCEB282994AEC3C1" box="[836,920,1388,1410]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[142,221,982,1001]" captionTargetBox="[301,1261,194,952]" captionTargetId="figure-384@1.[301,1261,194,952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of the sample site. A, an intertidal zone of a sandy beach in Qingdao (35°55′45″N, 120°12′59″E); B, an intertidal zone of a sandy beach in Daya Bay, Guangzhou (22°46′32″N, 114°40′13″E); C, a mangrove wetland in Zhanjiang (21°09′40″N, 110°25′38″E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FC9328EE9300C034" blockId="2.[828,1443,1450,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC9328EE94C1C383" box="[828,1015,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Type specimens:</emphasis>
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A protargol-impregnated slide containing the 
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specimen marked with an ink circle is deposited in the 
<location id="8EAA90A79122FFA5FBB528A29279C3BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC776A9122FFA4FCF52E9094C7C057:8EAA90A79122FFA5FBB528A29279C3BE" box="[1050,1359,1511,1533]" country="China" municipality="Ocean University" name="Laboratory of Protozoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Laboratory of Protozoology</location>
, 
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of 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F36286EC9122FFA5FB802B439342C05F" box="[1071,1140,1542,1564]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">China</collectingCountry>
(No. 
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). One 
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slide is deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK, with registration number 
<specimenCode id="DBD36E079122FFA5FC932B279336C034" box="[828,1024,1633,1655]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" type="Museum">NHMUK 2015.9</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.15.1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA5FC932BDA9331C0B0" blockId="2.[828,1443,1695,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC932BDA948CC0F7" box="[828,954,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species-group name 
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9122FFA5FB462BDA9295C0F7" authorityName="Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song" authorityYear="2016" box="[1257,1443,1695,1716]" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="2" pageNumber="308" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="quadrinucleatus">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FB462BDA9295C0F7" box="[1257,1443,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">quadrinucleatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reflects the fact that this organism usually possesses four macronuclei.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9122FFA4FC932A5E9536C338" blockId="2.[828,1443,1818,1902]" lastBlockId="3.[142,757,1044,1770]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC932A5E94F2C173" box="[828,964,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Description:</emphasis>
Fully extended cells about 1300 × 35 μm 
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9122FFA5FC932A7F94BCC10C" box="[828,906,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">in vivo</emphasis>
; body flexible and contractile (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99122FFA5FB402A7C925FC10D" box="[1263,1385,1849,1871]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99122FFA5FAD92A7C9464C12E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="308">3A– D</figureCitation>
). Cell distinctly tripartite, with neck, tail and trunk regions (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FF50295196B3C26A" box="[255,389,1044,1066]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FE38295196E9C269" box="[407,479,1044,1066]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3A–C</figureCitation>
). Head conspicuously claviform; tail wedge-shaped (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FE4E2976956DC20B" box="[481,603,1075,1097]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2A, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FDC829769591C20B" box="[615,679,1075,1096]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3A, F</figureCitation>
). Body colour dark brown at low magnification due to multiple refractile inclusions, with several food vacuoles containing ingested algae (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FE2529CA96C9C2E7" box="[394,511,1167,1189]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2D, G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FDA529CA9571C2E7" box="[522,583,1167,1188]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3E, F</figureCitation>
). Single nuclear group located in centre of trunk, containing three or four macronuclei, 7–10 μm in diameter, and two micronuclei, 2–4 μm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FDB429AF9541C343" box="[539,631,1258,1280]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FD2A29AE95D1C343" box="[645,743,1259,1280]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3E, H, I</figureCitation>
). Colourless cortical granules, 
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FE63284F96E0C35C" box="[460,470,1290,1311]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">c</emphasis>
. 0.5 μm in diameter, scattered between ciliary rows, which are not found in glabrous stripe (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FEB32803965DC318" box="[284,363,1350,1372]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FED9280396A1C31F" box="[374,407,1350,1372]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3G</figureCitation>
). Locomotion by gliding between sand grains and organic debris.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A96F49123FFA4FF212F9A932AC5FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" startId="3.[142,221,735,754]" targetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9123FFA4FF212F9A932AC5FC" blockId="3.[142,1420,734,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FF212F9A95D2C4B1" bold="true" box="[142,740,734,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9123FFA4FEAE2F9B95B4C4B2" authority="Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song, 2016" authorityName="Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song" authorityYear="2016" box="[257,642,734,753]" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="quadrinucleatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FEAE2F9B95B4C4B2" bold="true" box="[257,642,734,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232A7159123FFA4FD242F9A95D2C4B1" box="[651,740,735,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9123FFA4FF0928C696EFC0AA" blockId="3.[142,757,1044,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
Cell surface densely ciliated with unciliated zone, glabrous stripe, about as wide as two somatic kineties (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FF3928849633C395" box="[150,261,1473,1495]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2I, J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FEBA2884966EC394" box="[277,344,1473,1495]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3J–M</figureCitation>
). Entire infraciliature consisting of dikinetids. About 18 and 35 somatic kineties on head and trunk, respectively, with cilia 
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FDBC28BA9513C057" box="[531,549,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">c.</emphasis>
13 μm long. Anterior and posterior secant system formed on left side of glabrous stripe where some kineties abut to bristle kinety (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FF4A2B1F966AC02C" box="[229,348,1626,1648]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2H, J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FEC52B1F9682C02C" box="[362,436,1626,1647]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3K, M</figureCitation>
). Oral infraciliature consisting of uninterrupted circumoral kinety with cilia about 5 μm long and roundish patch of disordered dikinetids in centre of oral cavity with cilia forming conspicuous tuft (
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FF552B91964CC0AA" box="[250,378,1748,1770]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[142,221,735,754]" captionTargetBox="[371,1196,200,700]" captionTargetId="figure-428@3.[365,1197,195,705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–D, F, G) and after protargol staining (E, H–J). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, wedge-like tail; E, H, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrows point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; F, cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties; G, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; I, J, general infraciliature of the holotype specimen, marking single nuclear group, narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CG, cortical granules; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–C; 200 μm in I, J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Figs 2E, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134EDAF99123FFA4FE272B9196FAC0AA" box="[392,460,1748,1769]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[166,245,854,873]" captionTargetBox="[327,1284,195,825]" captionTargetId="figure-326@4.[325,1284,195,825]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). A, typical individual; B, C, different body shapes; D, contracted cell; E, macronuclei forming a nuclear group and food vacuoles (arrows); F, wedge-shaped tail, noting food vacuoles including ingested algae (arrows); G, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); H, I, four macronuclei and two micronuclei forming a nuclear group; J, general infraciliature, marking single nuclear group; K, L, infraciliature of anterior end, showing circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; arrowheads point to anterior secant system forming on the left side of glabrous stripe; M, infraciliature of anterior portion indicating narrow glabrous stripe, bristle kinety and anterior secant system (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear group; NU, nucleolus; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 500 μm in A–D; 200 μm in J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5460608/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">3K, L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9123FFA4FF212A5E9561C12D" blockId="3.[142,757,1818,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FF212A5E9628C173" box="[142,286,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Comparison:</emphasis>
Since the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9123FFA4FE442A5F95A3C16C" authorityName="FOISSNER &amp; DRAGESCO" authorityYear="1996" box="[491,661,1818,1839]" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FE442A5F95A3C16C" box="[491,661,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Trachelolophos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4BB8D9123FFA4FEB12A7C9555C10C" author="Foissner W &amp; Dragesco J" box="[286,611,1849,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" pagination="12 - 25" refId="ref7702" refString="Foissner W, Dragesco J. 1996 b. Updating the trachelocercids (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea). I. A detailed description of Trachelolophos gigas n. g., n. sp. and T. filum (Dragesco et Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 43: 12 - 25." type="journal article" year="1996">Foissner &amp; Dragesco (1996b)</bibRefCitation>
, only the following two species have been reported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F95F79123FFA4FC92295194C7C057" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9123FFA4FC922951944EC343" blockId="3.[804,1420,1044,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9123FFA4FC9229519453C20A" ID-CoL="7CLC6" authority="(Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="filum">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FC9229519310C26A" box="[829,1062,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Trachelolophos filum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4BB8D9123FFA4FB9A2951946AC20A" author="Dragesco J &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis A" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 559" refId="ref7264" refString="Dragesco J, Dragesco-Kerneis A. 1986. Cilies libres de l'Afrique intertropicale. Faune Tropicale 26: 1 - 559." type="journal article" year="1986">Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
resembles the new species in the number of somatic kineties on trunk. Although there is no 
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FAEF291792BDC224" box="[1344,1419,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">in vivo</emphasis>
information available for this species, it clearly differs from our new species in possessing more macronuclei (6–30 forming a strand vs. three or four macronuclei forming a single nuclear group) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4BB8D9123FFA4FB362989945AC343" author="Foissner W &amp; Dragesco J" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" pagination="12 - 25" refId="ref7702" refString="Foissner W, Dragesco J. 1996 b. Updating the trachelocercids (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea). I. A detailed description of Trachelolophos gigas n. g., n. sp. and T. filum (Dragesco et Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 43: 12 - 25." type="journal article" year="1996">Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAC67C9123FFA4FC92284C94C7C057" blockId="3.[804,1420,1044,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicName id="4C75BDFF9123FFA4FC92284C92BCC35C" ID-CoL="7CLBR" authority="Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Dragesco" authorityYear="1996" box="[829,1418,1289,1311]" class="Karyorelictea" family="Trachelocercidae" genus="Trachelolophos" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trachelocercida" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B9011A6E9123FFA4FC92284C9305C35C" box="[829,1075,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="309">Trachelolophos gigas</emphasis>
Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996
</taxonomicName>
has a similar body shape to the new form, but can be distinguished from the latter by having a larger size (2000 μm vs. 1100–1400 μm), a conspicuously higher number of somatic kineties on the trunk (52–71 vs. 26–40) and many more macronuclei (17–33 macronuclei forming a strand vs. three or four macronuclei forming a nuclear group) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4BB8D9123FFA4FAA9289A94D2C057" author="Foissner W &amp; Dragesco J" pageId="3" pageNumber="309" pagination="12 - 25" refId="ref7702" refString="Foissner W, Dragesco J. 1996 b. Updating the trachelocercids (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea). I. A detailed description of Trachelolophos gigas n. g., n. sp. and T. filum (Dragesco et Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 43: 12 - 25." type="journal article" year="1996">Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>