484 lines
58 KiB
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484 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A69D9E889DA6945092A4B8357C99F026">New Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Moghra, Early Miocene, Egypt</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4527B0DF90160352406E47C82D901C5">Morlo, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="99E4484AC4E1AB5D115DCB18E2640A4B">Miller, Ellen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A516C62DCCCB5629B17E5C2017147DB7">Bastl, Katharina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B67AC2CBB07E1BA51ED95E293B343494">Abdelgawad, Mohamed K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="475C1B03B4EA27F9B1FA9708AE1CB78A">Hamdan, Mohammed</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CAAB41E9A2ECFDA891B7D930FC9BBEE">El-Barkooky, Ahmed N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6E4EE75F68EE9009CA9F465117B5156">Nagel, Doris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEFC111096704392E0D38DA09B47402B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="63CAB6F5AE6DA8512146FF31DABD3A6C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F04B2E466154C49EF40ED7ABC6BC193A">2019-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CC6BD710B9D292C0347938F6225F2935">41</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0E9547CF96CF6BD40980B7D322A73FAC" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a21</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B11C736C51FFF2E05A8AD6FB382D87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162382207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B11C736C51FFF2E05A8AD6FB382D87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B11C736C51FFF2E05A8AD6FB382D87" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E05A8AD6FDCA28E5" box="[294,613,408,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E05A8AD6FDCA28E5" blockId="5.[294,613,408,435]" box="[294,613,408,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<heading id="D0EF1A096C51FFF2E05A8AD6FDCA28E5" box="[294,613,408,435]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E00F8AD7FDCA28E5" authority="Jourdan, 1862" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[371,613,408,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E00F8AD7FE6E28E5" box="[371,449,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0B48AD7FDCA28E5" author="JOURDAN C." box="[456,613,408,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="130 - 133" refId="ref12541" refString="JOURDAN C. 1862. - Des terrains siderolitiques. Revue des Societes savantes. Sciences mathematiques, physiques et naturelles, Paris 1: 130 - 133. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 202286 k / f 135. item" type="journal article" year="1862">Jourdan, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E1F88A9EFEC22B54" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1F88A9EFEC22B54" blockId="5.[132,775,465,516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<typeStatus id="54A313C76C51FFF2E1F88A9EFF1A28B1" box="[132,181,465,489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES. —
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0568A9DFE0628BE" box="[298,425,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0C98A9EFD9A28BE" author="POMEL A." box="[437,565,465,489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="353 - 373" refId="ref14288" refString="POMEL A. 1846. - Memoire pour servir a la geologie paleontologique des terrains tertiaires du departement de l'Allier. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, serie 2, 3: 353 - 373. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54306487" type="journal article" year="1846">Pomel, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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), subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1AC8AA3FEC82B53" author="JOURDAN C." box="[208,359,492,516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="130 - 133" refId="ref12541" refString="JOURDAN C. 1862. - Des terrains siderolitiques. Revue des Societes savantes. Sciences mathematiques, physiques et naturelles, Paris 1: 130 - 133. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 202286 k / f 135. item" type="journal article" year="1862">Jourdan (1862)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E1F88954FDF42D68" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1F88954FD242ADC" blockId="5.[132,776,539,907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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DIAGNOSIS. — Emended after
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0AF8954FCAE2B63" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." box="[467,769,539,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref13581" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden Wurttemberg, Germany - systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F88979FE272B19" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[132,392,566,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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: small to large sized amphicyonids with low, slender mandibles; diastemata between anterior premolars; premolars widest distally; p4 with strong postprotocuspid; the p4 is larger in relation to m1 and to m2 than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E33089CAFD192BCA" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[588,694,645,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E33089CAFD192BCA" box="[588,694,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Amphicyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the tip of the main cusp of p4 does not project posteriorly, and the p4 talonid is wider; m1 with low metaconid and tall hypoconid crest, entoconid crest distinct but low, talonid wider than trigonid; m2 mesiodistal length about two thirds the length of m1, m2 lacking the paraconid, with a long and wide talonid, protoconid lacking a distal crest; m3 single-rooted and not double rooted as in
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3A9886BFF012A01" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Afrocyon</emphasis>
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, P4 with small protocone, M1 rectangular, M2 slightly more reduced than M1, with paracone slightly larger than metacone, and v-shaped hypocone crests in African specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1F888ECFDF42D68" blockId="5.[132,775,931,1088]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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REFERRED AFRICAN SPECIES. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E0C888ECFDEC2AEC" authority="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel, 2019" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" box="[436,579,931,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anubisi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0C888ECFDEC2AEC" box="[436,579,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos anubisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C51FFF2E33B88ECFDD22AED" box="[583,637,931,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, from Moghra (includes “
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E18C88F2FEF52A82" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[240,346,957,981]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E18C88F2FEF52A82" box="[240,346,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Amphicyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.” in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0D488F2FDC62A81" author="MORALES J. & BREWER P. & PICKFORD M." box="[424,617,957,982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref13240" refString="MORALES J., BREWER P. & PICKFORD M. 2010. - Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya. Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society 5: 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Morales
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E08388F1FD802A82" box="[511,559,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4),
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3BC88F2FF722AA7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E3BC88F2FCA82A82" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[704,775,957,981]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
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euryodon
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1908897FED62AA7" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[236,377,984,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E0F18897FEF92D5D" authority="(Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile, 1998)" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0F18897FD972AA7" box="[397,568,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos ginsburgi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3358897FEE12D5D" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C51FFF2E02788BCFE192D5D" box="[347,438,1010,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0C288BDFDC62D5D" box="[446,617,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E0C288BDFDAA2D5D" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[446,517,1010,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
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macrodon
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E30988BDFD572D5D" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[629,760,1010,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E1F88F42FEA72D73" box="[132,264,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E1F88F42FF652D72" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,202,1037,1061]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|
minor
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(Morales & Pickford, 2008),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E35A8F42FDC32D72" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[550,620,1037,1061]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E35A8F42FDC32D72" box="[550,620,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from Buluk,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E1F88F67FF6C2D17" box="[132,195,1064,1088]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|
(KM WS 12663,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0078F68FDE32D68" author="ANEMONE R. & GROSSMAN A. & MILLER E. R. & WATKINS R." box="[379,588,1063,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="32" refId="ref10994" refString="ANEMONE R., GROSSMAN A., MILLER E. R. & WATKINS R. 2005. - Biochronology and paleoecology of the Buluk fauna, Early Miocene of northern Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3, Supplement): 32 A. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2005.10009942" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
|
Anemone
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E09E8F67FDBD2D68" box="[482,530,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E1F88F3AFF442DD9" box="[132,235,1141,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1F88F3AFF442DD9" blockId="5.[132,776,1141,2030]" box="[132,235,1141,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E1F88FD9FBC42885" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1F88FD9FE0C2F38" blockId="5.[132,776,1141,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E1F88FD9FF7C2DE7" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,211,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E1F88FD9FF7C2DE7" box="[132,211,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a widespread genus of amphicyonid carnivoran known from the late Oligocene through Early Miocene of Africa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1A88F99FEC92DA7" author="HOOIJER D. A." box="[212,358,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref12262" refString="HOOIJER D. A. 1963. - Miocene Mammalia of Congo. Annales, Musee royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Ser. in 8 °, 46: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1963">Hooijer 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E00E8F99FDD32DA7" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[370,636,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and Europe (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F28FBAFE1B2C47" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." box="[142,436,1269,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref13581" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden Wurttemberg, Germany - systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Early to Middle Miocene of North America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0458E59FE1B2C67" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[313,436,1302,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="196 - 227" refId="ref12295" refString="HUNT R. M. JR 1998. - Amphicyonidae in JANIS C. M., SCOTT K. M. & JACOBS L. L. (eds), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Volume 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 196 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1998">Hunt 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0BD8E59FD672C67" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." box="[449,712,1301,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12356" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A Skull of the Immigrant Eurasian Beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Early Miocene of Southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1) e 891229: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and the Middle Miocene of Asia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0B18E7AFD052C18" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." box="[461,682,1333,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3488E79FDC52C18" box="[564,618,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). North American and European members are well known (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F88E3AFEA22CD8" author="VIRANTA S." box="[132,269,1397,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref15006" refString="VIRANTA S. 1996. - European Miocene Amphicyonidae: taxonomy, systematics, and ecology. Acta Zoologica Fennica 204: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1996">Viranta 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0658E39FE222CD8" author="HUNT R. M. & JR" box="[281,397,1397,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="196 - 227" refId="ref12295" refString="HUNT R. M. JR 1998. - Amphicyonidae in JANIS C. M., SCOTT K. M. & JACOBS L. L. (eds), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Volume 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 196 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1998">Hunt 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0E58E3AFD092CD8" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." box="[409,678,1397,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref13581" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden Wurttemberg, Germany - systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3CE8E39FE8B2CE7" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12356" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A Skull of the Immigrant Eurasian Beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Early Miocene of Southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1) e 891229: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and the Asian material was recently reviewed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F28EFAFEC22C98" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." box="[142,365,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E18A8EF9FE822C98" box="[246,301,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Individual species representing the African record of the genus have been discussed by several authors (e.g., Morales & Pickford 2005, 2008;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3F48EBAFF122F78" author="MORLO M. & MILLER E. R. & BARKOOKY A. N." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref13359" refString="MORLO M., MILLER E. R. & EL- BARKOOKY A. N. 2007. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACFWM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Morlo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3A88EBAFCA72F58" box="[724,776,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1B78D5BFE312F78" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." box="[203,414,1556,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0568D5AFEF02F79" box="[298,351,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1998
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0D08D5AFE4A2F78" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & FRAILE S. & SALESA M. J. & SORIA D." box="[428,485,1557,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="177 - 194" refId="ref13042" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., FRAILE S., SALESA M. J. & SORIA D. 2003. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Miocene of Southern Namibia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19: 177 - 194." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 2008, 2010;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3FD8D5BFF122F18" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|
Adrian
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3AF8D5AFCA72F79" box="[723,776,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), with overviews given in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E09D8D7BFCA82F18" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[481,775,1588,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1C98D1BFE322F38" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[181,413,1620,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0688D1AFEE62F39" box="[276,329,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E2518E21FA002CD5" blockId="5.[813,1455,1390,1410]" box="[813,1455,1390,1410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
<uri id="FF89A1676C51FFF2E2518E21FA002CD5" box="[813,1455,1390,1410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
|
<uuid id="FFBE97B06C51FFF2E57D8E21FA002CD5" box="[1025,1455,1390,1410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">EED887B0-9F1C-4ADD-B4CF-7E8BBEB7514D</uuid>
|
|
</uri>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E1E78D3BFBC42885" blockId="5.[132,776,1141,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1456,217,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1E78D3BFE982FD8" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[155,311,1652,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described two amphicyonids, a small species,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E1C38DDBFE332FF9" box="[191,412,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides euryodon</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0D98DDBFD922FF8" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[421,573,1684,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
from Napak-I in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E1F88DFBFF722F99" box="[132,221,1716,1742]" name="Uganda" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and a large one,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0E88DFBFDC32F99" box="[404,620,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides macrodon</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E30E8DFBFCAF2F98" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[626,768,1716,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, from Rusinga Island,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E0058D9BFE102FB9" box="[377,447,1748,1774]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0B38D9BFD942FB9" box="[463,571,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E33F8D9BFD792FB8" author="SAVAGE R. J. G." box="[579,726,1748,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="239 - 316" refId="ref14490" refString="SAVAGE R. J. G. 1965. - Fossil mammals of Africa: 19. The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 10 (8): 239 - 316. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36359760" type="journal article" year="1965">Savage, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
was later included in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E0398DBBFDF42E59" authority="(Ginsburg 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[325,603,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0398DBBFE3B2E59" box="[325,404,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0DA8DBBFDFF2E59" author="GINSBURG L." box="[422,592,1780,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="19 - 73" refId="ref11784" refString="GINSBURG L. 1980. - Hyainailouros sulzeri, mammifere creodonte du Miocene d'Europe. Annales de Paleontologie, Vertebres, 66 (1): 19 - 73." type="journal article" year="1980">Ginsburg 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a decision followed by nearly all researchers (e.g., Schmidt-Kittler 1987;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F88C7CFEE42E19" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." box="[132,331,1843,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E1A28C7BFEBF2E1A" box="[222,272,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1998
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E02B8C7CFD8B2E19" author="PICKFORD M. & SENUT B. & GOMMERY D. & MUSIIME E." box="[343,548,1843,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="649 - 662" refId="ref14229" refString="PICKFORD M., SENUT B., GOMMERY D. & MUSIIME E. 2003. - New Catarrhine fossils from Moroto II, early middle Miocene (c. 17.5 Ma) Uganda. Comptes rendus Palevol 2: 649 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2003.10.001" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|
Pickford
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0CB8C7BFE472E1A" box="[439,488,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E34C8C7CFF122E39" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref13581" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden Wurttemberg, Germany - systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1B68C1CFE3A2E3A" author="PEIGNE S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & YAMEE C. & TIAN P. & JAEGER J. - J." box="[202,405,1875,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="519 - 532" refId="ref13639" refString="PEIGNE S., CHAIMANEE Y., YAMEE C., TIAN P. & JAEGER J. - J. 2006 a. - A new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26 (5): 519 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jseaes. 2004.11.003" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|
Peigné
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E0648C1BFEE42E3A" box="[280,331,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2006a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, b;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0C18C1CFDD62E39" author="MORLO M. & MILLER E. R. & BARKOOKY A. N." box="[445,633,1875,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref13359" refString="MORLO M., MILLER E. R. & EL- BARKOOKY A. N. 2007. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACFWM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Morlo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3748C1BFD942E3A" box="[520,571,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3F98C1CFE8F2EDA" author="WERDELIN L. & SIMPSON S. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="775 - 787" refId="ref15183" refString="WERDELIN L. & SIMPSON S. W. 2009. - The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa. Geodiversitas 31 (4): 775 - 787. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2009 n 4 a 775" type="journal article" year="2009">Werdelin & Simpson 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0508C3CFD9B2EDA" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[300,564,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné 2010</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E33D8C3CFCAF2EDA" author="LEAKEY M. & GROSSMANN A. & GUTIERREZ M. & FLEAGLE J. G." box="[577,768,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="238 - 253" refId="ref12631" refString="LEAKEY M., GROSSMANN A., GUTIERREZ M. & FLEAGLE J. G. 2011. - Faunal Change in the Turkana Basin during the Late Oligocene and Miocene. Evolutionary Anthropology 20: 238 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / evan. 20338" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
Leakey
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3ED8C3BFD6C2EDA" box="[657,707,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2011
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E1F88CDBFE222EF9" author="HUNT R. M. & JR & STEPLETON E." box="[132,397,1939,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref12356" refString="HUNT R. M. JR & STEPLETON E. 2015. - A Skull of the Immigrant Eurasian Beardog Cynelos (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Early Miocene of Southern California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1) e 891229: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 027246 34.2014. 891229" type="journal article" year="2015">Hunt & Stepleton 2015</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E0E68CDCFDDC2EFA" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." box="[410,627,1939,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E37C8CDBFD9A2EFA" box="[512,565,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3FD8CDCFF122E9A" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|
Adrian
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3AF8CDBFCA72EFA" box="[723,776,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). One exception to this is the work of Morales and colleagues (Morales & Pickford 2005;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E3518C9CFCAF2EBA" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D." box="[557,768,2003,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref13176" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. 2007. - New carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the Early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. Paleontological Research 11: 71 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / 1342 - 8144 (2007) 11 [71: NCMCCA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E3F08C9BFD6F2EBA" box="[652,704,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 2008, 2010, 2016), who emphasized differences between
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518BB5FC1D2844" box="[813,946,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">H. euryodon</emphasis>
|
|
and the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A313C76C51FFF2E56A8BB5FBEA2843" box="[1046,1093,250,276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E5C38BB6FAA12844" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1215,1294,249,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5C38BB6FAA12844" box="[1215,1294,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E4618BB6FA802844" box="[1309,1327,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E4438BB6FA002844" box="[1343,1455,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">lemanensis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E24A8A56FBBF2864" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[822,1040,281,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2EB8A55FC602864" box="[919,975,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, as
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E5C78A56FA002863" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." box="[1211,1455,281,308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E4588A55FAF42864" box="[1316,1371,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
discussed, the features cited in favor of retaining the name
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518A16FC362824" box="[813,921,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E2D78A16FB292824" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[939,1158,345,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5718A16FBEB2824" box="[1037,1092,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) can be regarded as intrageneric if other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E5338A37FB3128C5" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1103,1182,376,402]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5338A37FB3128C5" box="[1103,1182,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are considered. Here we follow the majority of authors in recognizing
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E45B8AD7FA3D28E5" box="[1319,1426,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides</emphasis>
|
|
as a junior synonym of
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5688AF7FBC42885" box="[1044,1131,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E5688AF7FBC82885" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1044,1127,440,466]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C51FFF2E23F8A97FB382D87" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C51FFF2E23F8A97FB382D87" blockId="5.[813,1456,217,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
Despite acknowledging the close morphological relationship between “
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2AC8AB7FB942B45" box="[976,1083,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides</emphasis>
|
|
”,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E52A8AB7FABA2B45" box="[1110,1301,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E52A8AB7FB0A2B45" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1110,1189,504,530]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|
macrodon
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, and “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E41C8AB7FA002B45" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1376,1455,504,530]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E41C8AB7FA002B45" box="[1376,1455,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.” from Moghra (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E5478957FAAF2B65" author="MORLO M. & MILLER E. R. & BARKOOKY A. N." box="[1083,1280,536,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref13359" refString="MORLO M., MILLER E. R. & EL- BARKOOKY A. N. 2007. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACFWM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Morlo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5F58956FB6F2B65" box="[1161,1216,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E4658957FCD62B04" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Morales
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E4068956FA1F2B65" box="[1402,1456,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
moved these large
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E52A8977FB092B05" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1110,1190,568,594]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E52A8977FB092B05" box="[1110,1190,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species from the genus
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518917FC412B25" box="[813,1006,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">
|
|
Hecubides/
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E2DC8917FC412B25" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[928,1006,600,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
to
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5648917FBDB2B25" box="[1048,1140,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Afrocyon</emphasis>
|
|
, a monotypic taxon erected on the basis of a partial mandible from the Early Miocene of Gebel Zelten in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E57989D7FBED2BE5" box="[1029,1090,664,690]" name="Libya" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E52889D7FABB2BE5" author="ARAMBOURG C." box="[1108,1300,664,690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="107" refId="ref11052" refString="ARAMBOURG C. 1961. - Note preliminaire sur quelques Vertebres nouveaux du Burdigalien de Libye. Compte rendu de la Societe Geologique de France 4: 107, 108." type="journal article" year="1961">Arambourg 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). This assignment effectively promoted the view that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E46F89F8FAC82B86" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1299,1383,695,721]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E46F89F8FAC82B86" box="[1299,1383,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was a taxon restricted to northern continents, and that all Early Miocene African amphicyonids belong to either the small
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518858FC3A2A66" box="[813,917,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Hecubides</emphasis>
|
|
or the large
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E56A8858FBC02A66" box="[1046,1135,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Afrocyon</emphasis>
|
|
, with the exception of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E41C8858FC6A2A06" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E41C8858FC6A2A06" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Arrisdrift,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E5F98878FB462A06" box="[1157,1257,823,849]" name="Namibia" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Recently,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E4188878FC172A25" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|
Adrian
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518817FCCB2A26" box="[813,868,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described new Early Miocene material from Kalodirr,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E2E88838FC722AC6" box="[916,989,887,913]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and attributed it to
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5C68838FAEE2AC6" box="[1210,1345,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|
, although without mentioning the previous allocation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E43C88D8FA202AE6" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1344,1423,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E43C88D8FA202AE6" box="[1344,1423,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the North African taxon
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E53988F8FB0E2A86" box="[1093,1185,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Afrocyon</emphasis>
|
|
. Here we follow
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C51FFF2E41888F8FC192AA6" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." pageId="5" pageNumber="734" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
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Adrian
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518898FCCC2AA7" box="[813,867,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and discuss clear differences between
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E41C8899FA002AA7" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1376,1455,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E41C8899FA002AA7" box="[1376,1455,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E22088B9FC172D47" box="[860,952,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Afrocyon</emphasis>
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, which unite
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E52C88B8FB772D47" box="[1104,1240,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. macrodon</emphasis>
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with
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E46B88B8FA072D47" box="[1303,1448,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518F58FC1E2D67" box="[813,945,1046,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. euryodon</emphasis>
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and other African specimens. Consequently, we not only re-establish the occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E5898F79FAEB2D07" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1269,1348,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5898F79FAEB2D07" box="[1269,1348,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Africa, but also recognize six African species in the genus: small
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2518F39FC012DC7" box="[813,942,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. euryodon</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E29B8F39FBE62DC7" box="[999,1097,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. minor</emphasis>
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, large
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E5E88F39FAB12DC7" box="[1172,1310,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. macrodon</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E4518F39FA002DC7" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1325,1455,1142,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E4518F39FA002DC7" box="[1325,1455,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">C. ginsburgi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C51FFF2E2518FD9FC3B2DE7" box="[813,916,1174,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C51FFF2E2DC8FD9FBE92DE7" authority="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel, 2019" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" box="[928,1094,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anubisi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C51FFF2E2DC8FD9FBE92DE7" box="[928,1094,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Cynelos anubisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C51FFF2E5338FD9FB222DE7" box="[1103,1165,1174,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="734" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from Moghra, and a very large species from Buluk,
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<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C51FFF2E5358FF9FB3C2D87" box="[1097,1171,1206,1232]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="734">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |