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<document id="E60478E2BA8A6843B74EC11F872438B8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fad4163f-156b-4f1a-a5e9-c9f48df52e0a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248539" ID-ZooBank="C8CDC011-974C-48B4-9E03-88F570EEDE13" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460683027315" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Morehouse, Reid L. &amp; Tobler, Michael" docDate="2013" docId="039504762C6A144AFF11F8BFFC663743" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03717p157.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3717 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fallicambarus fodiens Cottle 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FFAC7C0E2C7D1452FF86FFBBFFE3316F" masterDocTitle="Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1698350735770" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4265B02B69AD008C989EF7719BD90AB8">Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CB0DD4FFFBF042FE8E5908CE6993C32">Morehouse, Reid L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="321A6C6B51F88700E0FB441228A42908">Tobler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="700959AE032CD23FA787704C2602AE4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4CCDB548F5936D77F1473569F2EFE6EE">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="239C8B170764C92C4F250E1388C005F6">3717</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D206325DEEFE1EEC339A3316D9D6936A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039504762C6A144AFF11F8BFFC663743" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686016" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039504762C6A144AFF11F8BFFC663743" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039504762C6A144AFF11F8BFFC663743" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C6A144AFF11F8BFFCEB3197" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C6A1445FF11F8BFFCD13671" blockId="23.[151,818,1796,1822]" box="[151,818,1796,1822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<heading id="D0CB020C2C6A1445FF11F8BFFCD13671" bold="true" box="[151,818,1796,1822]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94869722C6A1445FF11F8BFFCD13671" bold="true" box="[151,818,1796,1822]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C6A1445FF11F8BFFDBF3671" ID-CoL="7TVHQ" authority="Cottle, 1863" authorityName="Cottle" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,604,1796,1822]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C6A1445FF11F8BFFE4B3671" bold="true" box="[151,424,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
(Cottle, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
: Digger Crayfish
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C6A144AFF11F8F1FCEB3197" blockId="23.[151,1436,1866,2035]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B94869722C6A1445FF11F8F1FE44360C" bold="true" box="[151,423,1866,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">General charateristics.</emphasis>
A heavy-bodied crayfish with broad chelae that rarely exceeds
<quantity id="4CC418852C6A1445FBF7F8F0FB23360D" box="[1137,1216,1867,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
in total length. The rostrum is broad and moderately excavated with no rostral spines. The acumen is very short with thinner margins than found on the rostrum. The areola is closed. Chelae are nearly oval or egg-shaped in outline, dorsoventrally flattened at the base of the fingers, and with a distinct basal notch on dactyl and dense patch of setae at base of propodus. There is a gap at the area of the notch when fingers are closed. In form I males, gonopods have two terminal processes that are at right angles to the main gonopod axis, and the primary process is strongly curved and bladelike. In females, the annulus ventralis is subcircular in outline and slightly asymmetrical with a deep medial trough through cephalic half (Taylor &amp; Schuster, 2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C65144AFF41FEBFFA7F309B" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FEBFFD61300A" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FEBFFE633072" bold="true" box="[199,384,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Life coloration.</emphasis>
Chelae, carapace, and abdomen are reddish-tan to light and dark brown in color (
<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C65144AFA9AFEBFFA6C3073" box="[1308,1423,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 44. 37" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 44. 37. Cambarus tartarus 38. Potential distribution of Cambarus tartarus (distribution map was not made for this species due to it subterranean lifestyle; climatic variables outside the cave systems do not accurately represent the climate within the cave) 39. Fallicambarus fodiens 40. Potential distribution of Fallicambarus fodiens 41. Faxonella blairi 42. Potential distribution of Faxonella blairi 43. Faxonella clypeata 44. Potential distribution of Faxonella clypeata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248542/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Figure 39</figureCitation>
). The ventral side may be lighter from light brown to pale yellow. The abdomen sometimes exhibits darker brown longitudinal stripes on each side of midline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FED4FA7F309B" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FED4FE6230E7" bold="true" box="[199,385,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Similar species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFE0FFECBFD6B30E7" box="[393,648,368,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFE0FFECBFD6B30E7" box="[393,648,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFC18FECBFB9D30E7" box="[926,1150,368,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFC18FECBFB9D30E7" box="[926,1150,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Cambarus diogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFB3EFECBFA8A30E7" box="[1208,1385,368,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludovicianus">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFB3EFECBFB2830E8" box="[1208,1227,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFB5CFECBFA8A30E7" box="[1242,1385,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">ludovicianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All of these species have a closed areola and a notch in the base of the dactyl. However, this notch is deeper and lacks tubercles along its distal margin in
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFD98FE02FD6F30BF" box="[542,652,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFD98FE02FDCE30BF" box="[542,557,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFDBDFE03FD6F30BF" box="[571,652,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFD1CFE03FC7530BF" box="[666,918,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFD1CFE03FC7530BF" box="[666,918,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be separated from the two
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFAA1FE03FA7F30BF" box="[1319,1436,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFAA1FE03FA7F30BF" box="[1319,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Cambarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the lack of a suborbital angle, a trait that is even visible in smaller individuals (Taylor &amp; Schuster, 2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C65144AFF41FE44FD003417" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FE44FE0832CA" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FE44FE123377" bold="true" box="[199,497,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFE7EFDBBFD163377" box="[504,757,512,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFE7EFDBBFD163377" box="[504,757,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a large but disjunct distribution (Hobbs, 1989; Hobbs &amp; Robison, 1989; Jezerinac
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFE3BFD9EFE143353" box="[445,503,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995). The species occurs in the southern Great Lakes in Ontario and Michigan, south in the lower Ohio and central Mississippi River valleys, and along the Gulf Coast from east Texas to Florida. It can also be found along the Atlantic Coast from Maryland to South Carolina. Jezerinac and Stocker (1987) reported a third disjunct population along the Ohio River in west-central West Virginia. In Oklahoma,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFA92FD2AFA6133C7" box="[1300,1410,656,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFA92FD2AFAC033C7" box="[1300,1315,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFAB7FD2BFA6133C7" box="[1329,1410,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 3 localities in LeFlore and McCurtain Counties, and 1 location in the north central portion of the state. According to the ecological niche model, suitable environmental conditions may also be found west of the 3 known southeast southeastern locations and north into the Ouachita and Boston Mountain ranges (
<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C65144AFA95FD47FA73327B" box="[1299,1424,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 44. 37" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 44. 37. Cambarus tartarus 38. Potential distribution of Cambarus tartarus (distribution map was not made for this species due to it subterranean lifestyle; climatic variables outside the cave systems do not accurately represent the climate within the cave) 39. Fallicambarus fodiens 40. Potential distribution of Fallicambarus fodiens 41. Faxonella blairi 42. Potential distribution of Faxonella blairi 43. Faxonella clypeata 44. Potential distribution of Faxonella clypeata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248542/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Figure 40</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFF11FC9BFE753257" box="[151,406,800,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF11FC9BFE753257" box="[151,406,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a primary burrower in ephemeral wetlands, wooded flood plains, and low-lying fields (Jezerinac &amp; Stocker, 1987; Page, 1985; Pflieger, 1996; Taylor &amp; Schuster, 2004). Because this species is a primary burrower, it is often difficult to collect and easy to overlook. Hence,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFC22FCD2FBF732EF" box="[932,1044,872,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFC22FCD2FC5032EF" box="[932,947,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFC45FCD3FBF732EF" box="[963,1044,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ distribution in Oklahoma may be broader than currently known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FC14FD003417" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FC14FEB932A7" bold="true" box="[199,346,943,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Life history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFEE5FC0BFD8232A7" box="[355,609,944,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFEE5FC0BFD8232A7" box="[355,609,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constructs one of the least complex burrows of any species in its genus (Hobbs &amp; Robison, 1989). Burrows often consist of a single, nearly vertical shaft, and depth varies depending on the distance to the water table. Frequently, there are other side passages leading away from the main shaft to the surface or a nearby water source. Surface openings are identified by a mound or chimney of mud, which is usually capped during drier periods. During high humidity, especially after warm rains, the crayfish may sit at the entrance of their burrow or move around the entrance in search of food, mates, or a new location for a burrow. Their food consists of plant fragments, especially grass seeds, and animal material, including insect fragments, crayfish parts, and juvenile salamanders (Bovbjerg, 1952). Creaser (1931) reported copulations occurring in the fall and early spring. Other studies have corroborated this finding with the collection of form I males, ovigerous females, and females with young from February through May and August through November, depending on the latitude (Bovbjerg, 1952; Creaser, 1931; Jezerinac
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFD0CFAA2FD25345F" box="[650,710,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995; Page, 1985; Pflieger, 1996; Taylor &amp; Schuster, 2004). Furthermore, Ainscough
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFE3CFA86FE15343B" box="[442,502,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
(2013) have stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFC9CFA86FC6F343A" box="[794,908,1340,1365]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">F. fodiens</taxonomicName>
is a species complex so as more research is conducted certain life history attributes may change.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C65144AFF41FA3FFC663743" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FA3FFB6634F3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,1157,1412,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FA3FFE6C34F2" bold="true" box="[199,399,1412,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Syntopic species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFE10FA3FFDBC34F3" box="[406,607,1412,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puer">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFE10FA3FFDBC34F3" box="[406,607,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Cambarellus puer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFDEBFA3FFCAF34F3" box="[621,844,1412,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFDEBFA3FFCAF34F3" box="[621,844,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Cambarus diogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C65144AFC0CFA3FFB9E34F3" box="[906,1149,1412,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFC0CFA3FFB9E34F3" box="[906,1149,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FA1CFE99348A" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FA1CFE2034AF" bold="true" box="[199,451,1447,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Conservation status.</emphasis>
AFS: Currently Stable; Heritage Rank: Widespread (G5); IUCN: Least Concern; ODWC: Not Listed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C65144AFF41FA54FC663743" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFF41FA54FE243767" bold="true" box="[199,455,1519,1544]" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">Additional resources.</emphasis>
Ainscough
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFDD6FA4AFD693767" box="[592,650,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
(2013); Bovbjerg (1952); Guiasu (2007); Guiasu &amp; Dunham (2002); Jezerinac &amp; Stocker (1987); Norrocky (1991); Taylor
<emphasis id="B94869722C65144AFD72F9AEFCCF3743" box="[756,812,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
(2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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