176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="B195CF3B5EDB00470C256EA2A857CA9D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fad4163f-156b-4f1a-a5e9-c9f48df52e0a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248539" ID-ZooBank="C8CDC011-974C-48B4-9E03-88F570EEDE13" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460683027315" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Morehouse, Reid L. & Tobler, Michael" docDate="2013" docId="039504762C591477FF11F9C5FB0A3283" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03717p157.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3717 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Procambarus gracilis Bundy 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FFAC7C0E2C7D1452FF86FFBBFFE3316F" masterDocTitle="Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1698350735770" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1FA62B02337747BEBD834CB032868402" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E376CC3295625C36F22D4E12B86C39FD">
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<mods:title id="B277B745C349B5DE8879A25030EAFD13">Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F72144477D6ED23A3A1E4A89115FCC9">Morehouse, Reid L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B941642DD44C242F9BF882737736F3C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="143D8AF4BCD41FB2CC3B0EB1FFEAAC9F">Tobler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="712B1DDCA2EE09DC41411ADD83EC234F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="69B07280BF6D8F34FD662ED8E7554188">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="51C96BDDC76DC99822D6856BB8363EAA">
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<mods:date id="114159CD4FEC7CFCD8FEC07AD3EC5A65">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D3E4E187998D00596D0CDCC83EA41DF5">3717</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E53D755B74FE08EBF58EF2CB853FAF03">101</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="3EED1B63B74A0B1D781314E4FD1DA2C5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="484CA12B2FFBCB2E5F5001D771B994CE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3717.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A54E91BCFD2157FA2A23516249D2E7C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039504762C591477FF11F9C5FB0A3283" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039504762C591477FF11F9C5FB0A3283" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039504762C591477FF11F9C5FB0A3283" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C591476FF11F9C5FAF63601" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C591476FF11F9C5FCCE37F7" blockId="36.[151,813,1662,1688]" box="[151,813,1662,1688]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0CB020C2C591476FF11F9C5FCCE37F7" bold="true" box="[151,813,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FF11F9C5FCCE37F7" bold="true" box="[151,813,1662,1688]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C591476FF11F9C5FDB737F7" ID-CoL="7WLT5" authority="Bundy, 1876" authorityName="Bundy" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,596,1662,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FF11F9C5FE7937F7" bold="true" box="[151,410,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
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(Bundy, 1876)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Prairie Crayfish
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C591476FF11F97EFAF63601" blockId="36.[151,1436,1733,2010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FF11F97EFE4437B1" bold="true" box="[151,423,1733,1758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">General charateristics.</emphasis>
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Adults rarely exceed
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<quantity id="4CC418852C591476FD1BF97EFD0F37B2" box="[669,748,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
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in total length. The carapace is dome shaped, longer than the abdomen, and the areola is closed. Chelae are broad, powerful, and have a notch near the base of the dactyl, and lack tubercles except along inside margins of the dactyl and the palm. In form I males, gonopods have four short processes, with the longest process being slender, slightly curved, and tapering into a sharp tip. In females, the annulus ventralis is round in outline and has a deep fossa on either side of the midline (Pflieger, 1996).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C591477FF41F8C2FE8E302F" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C591476FF41F8C2FB4636D9" blockId="36.[151,1436,1733,2010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FF41F8C2FE6136FD" bold="true" box="[199,386,1913,1938]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">Life coloration.</emphasis>
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The background color is reddish brown to grayish brown and nearly uniform. Chelae are similar in color but with a bluish green tint (
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<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C591476FD02F826FD1636D9" box="[644,757,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 – 84. 77" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 77 – 84. 77. Procambarus curdi 78. Potential distribution of Procambarus curdi 79. Procambarus dupratzi 80. Potential distribution of Procambarus dupratzi 81. Procambarus gracilis 82. Potential distribution of Procambarus gracilis 83. Procambarus liberorum 84. Potential distribution of Procambarus liberorum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248547/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">Figure 81</figureCitation>
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). The ventral side is light tan to white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C591477FF41F87AFE8E302F" blockId="36.[151,1436,1733,2010]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FF41F87AFE6536B5" bold="true" box="[199,390,1985,2010]" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">Similar species.</emphasis>
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In Oklahoma,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C591476FDB8F879FD5636B6" box="[574,693,1985,2009]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FDB8F879FDAF36B6" box="[574,588,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591476FDE6F87AFD5636B6" box="[608,693,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles other primary burrowers such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C591477FAA1F87AFF1831DF" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="138" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C591477FAA1F87AFF1831DF" italics="true" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="36" pageNumber="137">Cambarus diogenes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FE88FF23FE2031DF" box="[270,451,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludovicianus">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FE88FF23FEC231C0" box="[270,289,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FEB2FF23FE2031DF" box="[308,451,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">ludovicianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FE51FF23FD3A31DF" box="[471,729,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FE51FF23FD3A31DF" box="[471,729,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FCA4FF23FBD731DF" box="[802,1076,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberorum">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FCA4FF23FBD731DF" box="[802,1076,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus liberorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FBCEFF23FAA131DF" box="[1096,1346,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FBCEFF23FAA131DF" box="[1096,1346,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily differentiated from the first three species, due to its four short processes on the male gonopod as opposed to two long, curved, bladelike processes. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FD7BFF5AFC693197" box="[765,906,224,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberorum">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FD7BFF5AFCE83197" box="[765,779,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FC9DFF5BFC693197" box="[795,906,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">liberorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the caudal process being thinner and more narrow. In females of all listed species, the annulus ventralis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FCDBFEBEFC2C3073" box="[861,975,260,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FCDBFEBEFC883073" box="[861,875,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FCFFFEBFFC2C3073" box="[889,975,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique, as it does not have a groove in its anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C581477FF41FEF7FC853257" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C581477FF41FEF7FA873353" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FF41FEF7FDE3300A" bold="true" box="[199,512,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FD88FEF7FCEA300B" box="[526,777,332,356]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FD88FEF7FCEA300B" box="[526,777,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs from southeastern Wisconsin and northwestern Indiana through Iowa, Illinois, northern Missouri, and into eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and northern Texas. In Oklahoma, it is found throughout the prairie region in the north central and northeastern portions, down through the eastern side into the southeast corner of the state. Our ecological niche model confirms that the northeastern quarter of the state provides suitable environmental conditions in addition to the known distribution (
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<figureCitation id="1307A9E52C581477FB5CFE67FAAC309B" box="[1242,1359,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 – 84. 77" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[253,1332,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[253,1333,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 77 – 84. 77. Procambarus curdi 78. Potential distribution of Procambarus curdi 79. Procambarus dupratzi 80. Potential distribution of Procambarus dupratzi 81. Procambarus gracilis 82. Potential distribution of Procambarus gracilis 83. Procambarus liberorum 84. Potential distribution of Procambarus liberorum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248547/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Figure 82</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="F32BF5F02C581477FAE0FE67FA66309B" box="[1382,1413,476,500]" name="American Samoa" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">As</collectingCountry>
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a primary burrower,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FEF6FDBAFE073377" box="[368,484,512,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FEF6FDBAFE9D3377" box="[368,382,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FE09FDBBFE073377" box="[399,484,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabits native grasslands and areas that were formerly native grasslands, as well roadside ditches. Notably, this species can often be found long distances away from permanent water sources.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C581477FF41FDFCFC853257" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FF41FDFCFEBA330F" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Life history.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FED9FDF3FDB0330F" box="[351,595,584,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FED9FDF3FDB0330F" box="[351,595,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remains in its burrow for extended periods of time, usually emerging only during warm humid nights (Bundy, 1876). It has been noted that this species is most active right before sunset until an hour or so after sunset (Hayes, 1975). Reproduction may occur over an extended period of time as juveniles recently dispersed from the females have been found from late October through June (Page, 1985). In Missouri, form I males have been collected in traps set at the entrances of burrows in June (Pflieger, 1996). We have collected form II males and females in June from roadside ditches in the north central part of the state.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FB2EFD47FA78327B" box="[1192,1435,764,788]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FB2EFD47FA78327B" box="[1192,1435,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an approximate life span of three to four years (Page, 1985).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326E6EB2C581477FF41FCFFFB0A3283" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B83B5602C581477FF41FCFFFEEE3210" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FF41FCFFFE7A3232" bold="true" box="[199,409,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Syntopic species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FE2EFCFFFD723233" box="[424,657,836,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diogenes">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FE2EFCFFFD723233" box="[424,657,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Cambarus diogenes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FD2EFCFFFC4E3233" box="[680,941,836,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Fallicambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">
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<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FD2EFCFFFC4E3233" box="[680,941,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Fallicambarus fodiens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FC42FCFFFB563233" box="[964,1205,836,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FC42FCFFFB563233" box="[964,1205,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CCEE32C581477FA82FCFFFEE532EF" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Procambarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FA82FCFFFEE532EF" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Procambarus liberorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C581477FF41FC37FE9932A7" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FF41FC37FE2032CA" bold="true" box="[199,451,908,933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
AFS: Currently Stable; Heritage Rank: Widespread (G5); IUCN: Least Concern; ODWC: Not Listed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83B5602C581477FF41FC6FFB0A3283" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,1005]" box="[199,1257,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94869722C581477FF41FC6FFE263282" bold="true" box="[199,453,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="138">Additional resources.</emphasis>
|
||
Hobbs & Rewolinski (1985); Hobbs & Robison (1988); Secker (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |