508 lines
59 KiB
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508 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="239B41070BA8986A716E6F71E1FDCEDB" ID-CLB-Dataset="45859" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f255bd6-4072-4dfc-ab35-d233e0766ff3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285997" ID-ZooBank="51852298-F299-4392-9C89-A6FD14D3E1D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460415861649" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Parra-Velandia, Fernando J., Zea, Sven & Van Soest, Rob W. M." docDate="2014" docId="03F7DF34C013FFD9FF40CBE8DBCDE8A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03794p343.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3794 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Agelas conifera Schmidt 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="FFCEA74CC002FFCBFFD7CF1CDF59EF3C" masterDocTitle="Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="343" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1698328800454" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4487922056B99ABAF9657D0A4617368E">Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06A201DEB0CBA373762771858F412978">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28E65C6D4EFD9BB3A277C61420B1CCD0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F8AAC9FB2B4D1FD9DF78AD7881D7F322">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6FA50365DF47A689AB95DCB884362A76">3794</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F7DF34C013FFD9FF40CBE8DBCDE8A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7DF34C013FFD9FF40CBE8DBCDE8A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7DF34C013FFD9FF40CBE8DBCDE8A8" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C013FFDAFF40CBE8DEF1EA13" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CBE8DD78EA32" blockId="17.[151,545,1268,1327]" box="[151,545,1268,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="D0A9D94EC013FFDAFF40CBE8DD78EA32" bold="true" box="[151,545,1268,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFF40CBE8DD78EA32" ID-CoL="65QF6" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,545,1268,1294]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF40CBE8DD78EA32" bold="true" box="[151,545,1268,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF40CBE8DE0DEA32" bold="true" box="[151,340,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Agelas conifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFEB3CBE8DD41EA32" author="Schmidt" box="[356,536,1268,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Schmidt, E. O. (1870) Grundzuge Einer Spongien-Fauna Des Atlanthischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CA0ADEF1EA13" blockId="17.[151,545,1268,1327]" box="[151,424,1302,1327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C013FFDAFF40CA0ADF86EA13" box="[151,223,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,293,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,293,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM images of Agelas. A) Spicules of A. conifera holotype. B) Spicules of A. clathrodes holotype. C) to D) Fibre skeleton with primary and secondary fibre echination, in A. citrina (C), A. dispar (D, curved fibres) and A. conifera (E). F) Detail of the skeleton of A. conifera showing coring spicules in a broken primary fibre. G) Detail of the skeleton of A. citrina with its long spicules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285998/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A, 1E, 1F, 7, 15A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C013FFDAFF40CA42DDDEEA48" box="[151,647,1374,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CA42DDDEEA48" blockId="17.[151,704,1374,1427]" box="[151,647,1374,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Etymology from Latin, meaning bearer of cones.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C013FFDAFF40CA61DA3DE99B" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CA61DD99EAAF" blockId="17.[151,704,1374,1427]" box="[151,704,1405,1427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC013FFDAFF40CA61DD99EAAF" box="[151,704,1405,1427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFF40CA61DD74EAAF" ID-CoL="THGM" authority="Schmidt, 1870: 60" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,557,1405,1427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Chalinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF40CA61DE33EAAF" box="[151,362,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Chalinopsis conifera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFEA7CA61DD74EAAF" author="Schmidt" box="[368,557,1405,1427]" page="60" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFEA7CA61DD51EAAF" author="Schmidt" box="[368,520,1405,1427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Schmidt, E. O. (1870) Grundzuge Einer Spongien-Fauna Des Atlanthischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 60
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 5,
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C013FFDAFDA6CA61DDF4EAAF" box="[625,685,1405,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Agelas dispar. A) Holotype. B) Bahamas massive specimen; note clustered collared oscules, and small circular oscules. C) Barbados round lobate specimen. D) Belize. E) Jamaica. F) San Andres Island (Colombia) flabellate specimen; note the keyhole-shaped oscules. G) Rosario Islands (Colombia) lobate specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285999/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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b.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CAA6DDC2EAD3" blockId="17.[151,1436,1466,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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Synonyms and taxonomic treatment in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFDE7CAA6DC50EAEC" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[560,777,1466,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) A monograph of the shallow-water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia. Supplementum. 28. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel und Stuttgart, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFCE8CAA7DD43EAD3" author="Zea" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">
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Zea (1987, excepting material from Santa
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<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFB2ECAA7DA61EAEC" box="[1273,1336,1467,1488]" name="Malta" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Marta</collectingCountry>
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||
, which is here assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFEA7CAC5DD56EAD3" ID-CoL="5TQGF" box="[368,527,1497,1519]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFEA7CAC5DD56EAD3" box="[368,527,1497,1519]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. In addition:
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40CAE4DB89E956" blockId="17.[151,1436,1466,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC013FFDAFF40CAE4DB89E956" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFF40CAE4DE61E932" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[151,312,1528,1550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF40CAE4DE61E932" box="[151,312,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Agelas conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFE9FCAE4DD0AE932" author="Alvarez" box="[328,595,1528,1550]" page="84" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFE9FCAE4DD72E932" author="Alvarez" box="[328,555,1528,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Alvarez, B. & Diaz, M. C. (1985) Las esponjas de un arrecife coralino en el Parque Nacional Archipielago Los Roques: taxonomia y ecologia. B. Sc. thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 216 pp." type="book" year="1985">Álvarez & Díaz 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 84
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Fig. 24; Kobluk & van
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFC82CAE4DB54E932" author="Soest" box="[853,1037,1528,1550]" page="1210" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFC82CAE4DC92E932" author="Soest" box="[853,971,1528,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Kobluk, D. R. & Soest, R. W. M. van (1989) Cavity-dwelling sponges in a Southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44 (3), 1207 - 1235." type="journal article" year="1989">Soest 1989</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1210
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFBCECAE5DB8AE932" author="Humann" box="[1049,1235,1528,1550]" page="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFBCECAE5DBF7E932" author="Humann" box="[1049,1198,1528,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Humann, P. (1992) Reef creature identification. Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Inc., Jacksonville, 320 pp." type="book" year="1992">Humann 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in part, only right photo p. 22 and lower photo p. 23);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFDE2C90ADC24E910" author="Erhardt" box="[565,893,1558,1580]" page="78" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFDE2C90ADC00E910" author="Erhardt" box="[565,857,1558,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Erhardt, H. & Mooseleitner, H. (1995) Meerwasser Atlas. Wirbellose Tiere. Mergus, Melle, 2, 736 pp." type="book" year="1995">Erhardt & Moosleitner 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, only Fig. p. 78);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFB51C90ADA1BE910" author="Gammill" box="[1158,1346,1558,1580]" page="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFB51C90ADA45E910" author="Gammill" box="[1158,1308,1558,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Gammill, E. R. (1997) Identification of Coral Reef Sponges. Atlantic / Caribbean Edition. Providence Marine Publishing, Inc., Tampa, 117 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gammill 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C013FFDAFA9AC90ADACEE910" box="[1357,1431,1558,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[172,1429,609,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,603,1477]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Depth range for each species from the authors database (qualitative data). Thick areas represent the range of 60 % of specimens. Thin lines represent max and min depths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286012/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFF10C929DEE0E977" author="Rutzler" box="[199,441,1589,1611]" page="235" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2000">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFF10C929DEDEE977" author="Rutzler" box="[199,391,1589,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., Soest, R. W. M. van, Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. & Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research bulletin, 476, 229 - 248." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFEC0C92ADE1DE977" box="[279,324,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 235
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFE13C92ADDDAE977" author="Assmann" box="[452,643,1589,1611]" page="38" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2000">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFE13C92ADD06E977" author="Assmann" box="[452,607,1589,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Assmann, M. (2000) Bromierte Pyrrol-Alkaloide aus karibischen Schwammed der Gattung Agelas: Isolierung, Strukturaufklarung und chemische Okologie. Dr. rer. Nat. dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt, 165 pp." type="book" year="2000">Assmann 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFD1FC92ADCB5E977" author="Assmann" box="[712,1004,1589,1611]" page="157" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFD1FC92ADCE3E977" author="Assmann" box="[712,954,1589,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Assmann, M. & Kock, M. (2002) Bromosceptrin, an Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas conifera, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C., 57, 157 - 160." type="journal article" year="2002">Assmann & Köck 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 157
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFC20C929DBEAE977" author="Alcolado" box="[1015,1203,1589,1611]" page="61" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFC20C929DBC8E977" author="Alcolado" box="[1015,1169,1589,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 61
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part); Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFABEC92ADACFE977" box="[1385,1430,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009: 302; Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFEB1C949DECAE956" box="[358,403,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFE08C948DDF3E956" author="Messing" box="[479,682,1620,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Messing, C. G., Diaz, M. C., Kohler, K. E., Reed, J. K., Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van, Wulff, J. & Zea, S. (2009) South Florida Sponges. A guide to identification. Available from http: // www. nova. edu / ncri / sofla _ sponge _ guide / index. html (accessed 11 August 2012)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFDECC949DD31E956" box="[571,616,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFD63C948DCC0E956" author="Muricy" box="[692,921,1620,1642]" page="38" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFD63C948DC2AE956" author="Muricy" box="[692,883,1620,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFCD2C949DC6BE956" box="[773,818,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C013FFDAFC73C948DB95E956" author="Alcolado" box="[932,1228,1620,1642]" page="69" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFC73C948DBFEE956" author="Alcolado" box="[932,1191,1620,1642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Alcolado, P. M & Busutil, L. (2012) Inventaire des spongiaires neritiques du Parc National de La Guadeloupe. Serie Oceanologica, 10, 62 - 76." type="journal article" year="2012">Alcolado & Busutil 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40C96FDA3DE99B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1466,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Non:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFF07C96EDE29E9B4" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[208,368,1650,1672]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF07C96EDE29E9B4" box="[208,368,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Agelas conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFEAAC96EDD86E9B4" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[381,735,1650,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia) part 2. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528409360650" type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 132;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFCCAC96FDCD9E9B4" author="Zea" box="[797,896,1650,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 212 (in part, only material from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFAC6C96FDA09E9B4" box="[1297,1360,1651,1672]" name="Malta" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see pl. 13,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C013FFDAFF3AC98DDE7EE99B" box="[237,295,1681,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,293,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,293,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM images of Agelas. A) Spicules of A. conifera holotype. B) Spicules of A. clathrodes holotype. C) to D) Fibre skeleton with primary and secondary fibre echination, in A. citrina (C), A. dispar (D, curved fibres) and A. conifera (E). F) Detail of the skeleton of A. conifera showing coring spicules in a broken primary fibre. G) Detail of the skeleton of A. citrina with its long spicules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285998/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFEE9C98DDE9DE99B" author="Gomez" box="[318,452,1681,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y del Caribe. AGT Editor, S. A., Mexico D. F., 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">Gómez 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 75; Díaz 2005: 470;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFD4AC98DDC0BE99B" author="Collin" box="[669,850,1681,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, M. J., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, J. A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFD34C98EDC56E99B" box="[739,783,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 650 (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C013FFDAFC48C98DDBCAE99B" ID-CoL="5TQGF" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" box="[927,1171,1681,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFC48C98DDB66E99B" box="[927,1087,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
Lehnert
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFB09C98DDA01E99B" author="Soest" box="[1246,1368,1681,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46, 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C013FFD9FF40C9C8DD6AEE03" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF40C9C8DDE0E864" blockId="17.[151,1437,1748,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFF40C9C8DE89E9D1" bold="true" box="[151,464,1748,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Material and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E5D080C013FFDAFE00C9C8DD66E9D1" box="[471,575,1748,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined, deposited at the Zoologisk Museum København; it was collected in Caracas without any further information. The material reviewed here includes (but is not restricted to) specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFF0CC800DE2BE809" box="[219,370,1820,1845]" name="Bahamas" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C013FFDAFE10C800DEA6E808" box="[455,511,1820,1844]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
924),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFD82C800DDC4E809" box="[597,669,1820,1845]" name="Belize" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C013FFDAFD25C800DC73E808" box="[754,810,1820,1844]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
957), San Andres Island (INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C013FFDAFB66C800DBB0E808" box="[1201,1257,1820,1844]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
977),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFAE8C800DAC5E808" box="[1343,1436,1820,1844]" name="Curaçao" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C013FFDAFF09C85CDE4FE864" box="[222,278,1856,1880]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
904) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFE50C823DEA8E864" box="[391,497,1855,1880]" name="Barbados" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C013FFDAFDE8C85CDD2EE864" box="[575,631,1856,1880]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
912).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C013FFDAFF10C878DAC5E8D4" blockId="17.[151,1437,1748,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
|
||
Other records (including accounts by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFDA5C878DC17E840" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[626,846,1892,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) A monograph of the shallow-water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia. Supplementum. 28. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel und Stuttgart, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFC51C879DCACE840" author="Zea" box="[902,1013,1892,1916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFBDEC878DB29E841" box="[1033,1136,1892,1917]" name="Bahamas" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFBA8C878DA7EE840" author="Gammill" box="[1151,1319,1892,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Gammill, E. R. (1997) Identification of Coral Reef Sponges. Atlantic / Caribbean Edition. Providence Marine Publishing, Inc., Tampa, 117 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gammill 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFAE3C878DF8AE89C" author="Assmann" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Assmann, M. (2000) Bromierte Pyrrol-Alkaloide aus karibischen Schwammed der Gattung Agelas: Isolierung, Strukturaufklarung und chemische Okologie. Dr. rer. Nat. dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt, 165 pp." type="book" year="2000">Assmann 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFEC2C895DE10E89C" box="[277,329,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009), Florida East coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFD47C894DCF1E89C" author="Assmann" box="[656,936,1927,1952]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Assmann, M. & Kock, M. (2002) Bromosceptrin, an Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas conifera, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C., 57, 157 - 160." type="journal article" year="2002">Assmann & Köck 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFBC3C895DB11E89C" box="[1044,1096,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFB73C89BDAC9E89C" author="Messing" box="[1188,1424,1927,1952]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Messing, C. G., Diaz, M. C., Kohler, K. E., Reed, J. K., Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van, Wulff, J. & Zea, S. (2009) South Florida Sponges. A guide to identification. Available from http: // www. nova. edu / ncri / sofla _ sponge _ guide / index. html (accessed 11 August 2012)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFADAC895DA1BE89C" box="[1293,1346,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Florida West coast in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFDDDC8B0DD39E8F9" box="[522,608,1964,1989]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFD1FC8B1DDA0E8F8" box="[712,761,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFC81C8B0DCC8E8F9" box="[854,913,1964,1989]" name="Cuba" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFC48C8B0DB13E8F8" author="Alcolado" box="[927,1098,1964,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFB8AC8B0DA11E8F9" box="[1117,1352,1964,1989]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFA84C8B1DF95E8D5" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFF0DC8CCDE0AE8D5" author="Weil" box="[218,339,2000,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Weil, E. (2006) Diversidad y abundancia relativa de corales, octocorales y esponjas en el Parque Nacional Jaragua, Republica Dominicana. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54 (2), 423 - 443." type="journal article" year="2006">Weil 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFEB1C8CCDEB4E8D5" box="[358,493,2000,2025]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFE2BC8CCDC42E8D4" author="Alcolado" box="[508,795,2000,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Alcolado, P. M & Busutil, L. (2012) Inventaire des spongiaires neritiques du Parc National de La Guadeloupe. Serie Oceanologica, 10, 62 - 76." type="journal article" year="2012">Alcolado & Busutil 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFCF9C8CCDCD7E8D4" box="[814,910,2000,2024]" name="Curaçao" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C013FFDAFC4DC8CCDCAAE8D5" box="[922,1011,2000,2025]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kobluk & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C013FFDAFB7EC8CCDA70E8D4" author="Soest" box="[1193,1321,2000,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" refString="Kobluk, D. R. & Soest, R. W. M. van (1989) Cavity-dwelling sponges in a Southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44 (3), 1207 - 1235." type="journal article" year="1989">Soest 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C013FFDAFAB3C8CDDACDE8D4" box="[1380,1428,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF40CF84DD6AEE03" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
2009), Los Roques (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FEADCF8BDEABEF8C" box="[378,498,151,176]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FE2ACF8BDDABEF8C" author="Alvarez" box="[509,754,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Alvarez, B. & Diaz, M. C. (1985) Las esponjas de un arrecife coralino en el Parque Nacional Archipielago Los Roques: taxonomia y ecologia. B. Sc. thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 216 pp." type="book" year="1985">Álvarez & Díaz 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FCD1CF8BDC17EF8C" box="[774,846,151,176]" name="Belize" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FC8ACF8BDB6DEF8C" author="Rutzler" box="[861,1076,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., Soest, R. W. M. van, Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. & Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research bulletin, 476, 229 - 248." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FC6FCF85DCB3EF8C" box="[952,1002,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FBA0CF8BDBE2EF8C" box="[1143,1211,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NE in Bahia to SE in Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FEB3CFA0DD61EFE8" author="Muricy" box="[356,568,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE6ACFA1DEB4EFE8" box="[445,493,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species has been seen by the authors in Old Providence and continental coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FF2FCFC3DE30EFC4" box="[248,361,223,248]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, excepting Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FDE6CFFCDD2EEFCB" box="[561,631,224,247]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
. From the above, we consider this species as tropical western Atlantic. Its apparent absence from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FDDECE19DD15EE20" box="[521,588,261,284]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
could be related to local upwelling. Our specimens were found from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FAB4CE18DF89EE03" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="11.0">11 to 42 m</quantity>
|
||
in depth, abundant at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FE1FCE3BDD76EE03" box="[456,559,295,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
25–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D58A5ABC010FFD9FE24CE3BDD76EE03" box="[499,559,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="generic">32 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C010FFD9FF10CE50DCCAECBC" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CE50DD80EDB8" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FF10CE50DE00EE59" bold="true" box="[199,345,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
This species forms an irregular flabellum or branch(es) made of oscular cones joined laterally or at their bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C010FFD9FEEBCE73DE23EEB4" box="[316,378,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,239,1751]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of Agelas conifera. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis. A) Holotype; note the cones. B) The Bahamas. C) Yellow right specimen of this species, compared to a A. sceptrum, left specimen, Barbados. D) Pink specimen from Belize. E) Curaçao. F) Dark specimen from Los Roques, Venezuela; note the membranous oscules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A), sometimes forming repent or erect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C010FFD9FCE9CE73DC25EEB4" box="[830,892,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,239,1751]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of Agelas conifera. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis. A) Holotype; note the cones. B) The Bahamas. C) Yellow right specimen of this species, compared to a A. sceptrum, left specimen, Barbados. D) Pink specimen from Belize. E) Curaçao. F) Dark specimen from Los Roques, Venezuela; note the membranous oscules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F), elongated bodies with pinnated or alternated lobes/cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C010FFD9FEFECE88DE3EEE90" box="[297,359,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,239,1751]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of Agelas conifera. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis. A) Holotype; note the cones. B) The Bahamas. C) Yellow right specimen of this species, compared to a A. sceptrum, left specimen, Barbados. D) Pink specimen from Belize. E) Curaçao. F) Dark specimen from Los Roques, Venezuela; note the membranous oscules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 7E). When the sponge grows erect from the substratum, it may take the form of an irregular club (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C010FFD9FF01CEABDE4AEEEC" box="[214,275,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,239,1751]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of Agelas conifera. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis. A) Holotype; note the cones. B) The Bahamas. C) Yellow right specimen of this species, compared to a A. sceptrum, left specimen, Barbados. D) Pink specimen from Belize. E) Curaçao. F) Dark specimen from Los Roques, Venezuela; note the membranous oscules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Sizes are
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FE70CEABDD4FEEF3" box="[423,534,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length (but longer specimens were observed),
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FB97CEABDBF8EEF3" box="[1088,1185,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in width and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FAECCEABDAC5EEF3" box="[1339,1436,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick. The external colour is quite variable, bright scarlet, orange, orange yellow, brownish red, tan or even pinkish; ends and shaded parts have lighter colours, contrasting with the general specimen colour. Internal colour is quite constantly yellowish orange. Dry and preserved specimens become brownish or greyish. The pinacoderm is smooth, resting on tracts of spicules; it collapses out of the water giving a pockmarked aspect shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FA53CD54DFADEDB8" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FA53CD54DFADEDB8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FED5CD70DE27EDB8" box="[258,382,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FED5CD70DE27EDB8" box="[258,382,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FE5BCD70DD4FEDB8" box="[396,534,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE5BCD70DD4FEDB8" box="[396,534,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FD9BCD70DD8BEDB8" box="[588,722,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FD9BCD70DD8BEDB8" box="[588,722,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CD8CDA5EEDCC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
Cones or mound openings (pseudoscula and oscula) are
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FC9DCD93DCEDED9B" box="[842,948,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FB9BCD8CDBF9ED9B" box="[1100,1184,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep, usually with an occluding membrane ring; tiny oscules inside atrial walls
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FCC8CDA8DC25EDF0" box="[799,892,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Consistency is spongy, elastic, hard to tear or cut; hard when dry. Choanosome dense, with narrow channels (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C010FFD9FC0DCDCBDB45EDCC" box="[986,1052,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) connecting oscules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CDE0DCCAECBC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
Spongin skeleton with cored and heavily echinated primary fibres (70–110 µm in diameter) and echinated interconnecting secondary fibres (40–90 µm in diameter). Spicules are straight acanthostyles with whorls of 5–9 spines; length 72–205 (135±24.8) µm, width 3–18 (10±2.3) µm and 6–21 (13±2.7) whorls per spicule. Detailed lengths, widths and average number of whorls are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC5B99C010FFD9FCEECC7BDCD6ECBC" box="[825,911,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,764,787]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Caribbean Agelas. n = 25. Values are minimum – maximum (mean ± 1 standard deviation)" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C010FFD9FF10CC90DA14EA0C" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CC90DEFCEBF9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FF10CC90DE62EC99" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The typical habit of this species is that of cones, wider than longer, growing on one another in an alternating or pinnate pattern; conforming to what is called the octopus form when cones are somewhat long, the club-shaped form when the sponge is erect and cones very low, or the antler-like form when groups of cones branch out. Octopus and club-shaped forms commonly coexist, being manifestations of the same growth pattern. Predominant morphology seems to be fixed for certain locations. For example, octopus-like, hanging or creeping branches predominate in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FE60CB23DD74EB64" box="[439,557,1087,1112]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FDECCB5CDDC1EB64" box="[571,664,1088,1112]" name="Curaçao" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FD04CB23DC19EB64" box="[723,832,1087,1112]" name="Barbados" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while club-shaped forms predominate in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FAF4CB23DA33EB64" box="[1315,1386,1087,1112]" name="Belize" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FF40CB78DFADEB41" box="[151,244,1124,1149]" name="Jamaica" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and antler-like morphotypes are common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FCD0CB78DCC4EB41" box="[775,925,1124,1149]" name="Bahamas" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in the Rosario Islands both club and antler shapes are found together, the later often very long and developed, especially in deep southern-facing reef slopes where food is abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CBD3DA14EA0C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
Club-shaped specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FE2DCBCCDD20EBD4" box="[506,633,1232,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE2DCBCCDD20EBD4" box="[506,633,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C010FFD9FD5ECBD3DD94EBD4" box="[649,717,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,239,1751]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photographs of Agelas conifera. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis. A) Holotype; note the cones. B) The Bahamas. C) Yellow right specimen of this species, compared to a A. sceptrum, left specimen, Barbados. D) Pink specimen from Belize. E) Curaçao. F) Dark specimen from Los Roques, Venezuela; note the membranous oscules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D) could be confused with the
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FBE7CBCCDB98EBD4" box="[1072,1217,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">clavaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
morphotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FA53CBCCDF86EA30" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FA53CBCCDF86EA30" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, those specimens could be separated with characters as more spines per spicule whorl in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FA53CBE8DFADEA0C" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FA53CBE8DFADEA0C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FEE5CA04DEC0EA0C" box="[306,409,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FEE5CA04DEC0EA0C" box="[306,409,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and acne-like pinacoderm aspect in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FCE5CA04DCF7EA0C" box="[818,942,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FCE5CA04DCF7EA0C" box="[818,942,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. velvet-potato aspect in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FB36CA04DA1FEA0C" box="[1249,1350,1304,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FB36CA04DA1FEA0C" box="[1249,1350,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C010FFD9FF10CA20DBCDE8A8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C010FFD9FF10CA20DBCDE8A8" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FF10CA20DE13EA68" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[199,330,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FF10CA20DE13EA68" box="[199,330,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coexists in some areas with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FD7CCA20DC39EA68" ID-CoL="5TQGF" box="[683,864,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FD7CCA20DC39EA68" box="[683,864,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FC74CA20DB61EA68" box="[931,1080,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FC74CA20DB6DEA68" ID-CoL="5TQG2" box="[931,1076,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">A. cerebrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species with which it can be confused. Dr. P.M. Alcolado (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE22CA7DDD22EA44" box="[501,635,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">pers comm.</emphasis>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FD6BCA43DC31EA44" author="Alcolado" box="[700,872,1375,1400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) considers that these three species are the same (whose name should be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FE12CA98DD10EAA0" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[453,585,1412,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE12CA98DD10EAA0" box="[453,585,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the different growth forms being manifestations of local and micro environmental conditions and of the effect of tube size, wall thickness and presence of external oscula on the hydraulics of the pumping system. Although in a molecular study carried out in a parallel study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FB23CAD0DF89E934" author="Parra-Velandia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Parra-Velandia, F. J. (2011) Speciation scenarios of sessile organisms in the Caribbean Sea: The genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae), a case of high diversity in the area. Dr. Sc. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, 125 pp." type="book" year="2011">Parra-Velandia 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) there was not enough resolution to separate these three and other species, we decided to keep them separated owing to rather consistent morphological differences, especially in sites where they happened to coexist.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FA53C908DFADE96C" ID-CoL="5TQGF" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FA53C908DFADE96C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms single tubes or groups of tubes (longer than wider), sometimes laterally fused, but usually arising from a common base; major tubes represent the whole length of the sponge. Laterally fused cones are common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FF40C99CDE40E9A4" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[151,281,1664,1688]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FF40C99CDE40E9A4" box="[151,281,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but they do not arise from a common base, and instead arise repeatedly from one another, often conforming flabellated or antler-like shapes; a single cone rarely takes the length of the sponge. In some areas, such as Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FF2AC9D5DE1AE9DC" box="[253,323,1737,1760]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the continental coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FD57C9DBDDA8E9DC" box="[640,753,1735,1760]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, however, the only form present consists of clusters of long tubes arising from a rather wide base, some of them branching from one another. As major tubes span the entire length of the sponge, we decided they belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FD68C80CDC65E814" ID-CoL="5TQGF" box="[703,828,1808,1832]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FD68C80CDC65E814" box="[703,828,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gómez’s (2002)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FBDDC80CDBD1E814" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[1034,1160,1808,1832]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FBDDC80CDBD1E814" box="[1034,1160,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pictured specimen from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FEF5C828DE21E871" box="[290,376,1844,1869]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
is clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FE23C828DDFEE870" ID-CoL="5TQGF" box="[500,679,1844,1868]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FE23C828DDFEE870" box="[500,679,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined here. Also those pictured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C010FFD9FBABC828DA05E871" box="[1148,1372,1844,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, M. J., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, J. A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 638 - 707." type="journal article">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FB1BC829DA59E870" box="[1228,1280,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Bocas del Toro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C010FFD9FE98C844DEF2E84C" box="[335,427,1880,1904]" name="Panama" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As those few specimens of tubular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FC94C844DCC9E84C" ID-CoL="84L77" box="[835,912,1880,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FC94C844DCC9E84C" box="[835,912,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
observed by S. Zea in Bocas del Toro were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FA53C844DFADE8A8" ID-CoL="5TQGF" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FA53C844DFADE8A8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is probable that the record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FDB5C860DD86E8A8" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[610,735,1916,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FDB5C860DD86E8A8" box="[610,735,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Díaz (2005) belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C010FFD9FBC6C860DBD4E8A8" ID-CoL="5TQGF" box="[1041,1165,1916,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C010FFD9FBC6C860DBD4E8A8" box="[1041,1165,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |