461 lines
62 KiB
XML
461 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F4D1798CD82B564F9187E214948B61B">Description of the final stadium larvae of Onychargia atrocyana Selys, 1865 from Sarawak, identified using DNA barcoding (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae), with an overview of larval characters in the Platycnemididae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D78B9265C877671CBC4FFCFA9E4DCF0C">Orr, Albert G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B18A42858A1993F3C39298C4ED020D3">Dow, Rory A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CF18D92C4A61CA99B18D85D33D5DD05D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2B992FD8C7BB1E9EFEB5ED5AB22BC323">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="163F647038B86ACF2A5F9E8796F8F0DE">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8178C0BC7A0B8E54399F3A3BBA683312">4040</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="32E070772FF4F1FFD9EA34C76DBA86F5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4040.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F78539793B2B22FF2FFF73FDEE85F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119644543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F78539793B2B22FF2FFF73FDEE85F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F78539793B2B22FF2FFF73FDEE85F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<subSubSection id="C34467A4793B2B26FF2FFF73FCFA80E7" box="[151,892,222,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793B2B26FF2FFF73FCFA80E7" blockId="3.[151,892,222,247]" box="[151,892,222,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<heading id="D0A98343793B2B26FF2FFF73FCFA80E7" bold="true" box="[151,892,222,247]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FF2FFF73FCFA80E7" bold="true" box="[151,892,222,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793B2B26FF2FFF73FE5880E7" ID-CoL="49QNJ" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" box="[151,478,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FF2FFF73FE1C80E6" bold="true" box="[151,410,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Onychargia atrocyana</emphasis>
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Selys
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793B2B26FE5CFF73FDA880E7" box="[484,558,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1994,2015]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Onychargia atrocyana, larval habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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; 3a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h; 4a, b, c
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34467A4793B2B26FF2FFE84FC578177" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793B2B26FF2FFE84FC578177" blockId="3.[151,1437,294,574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FF2FFE84FE808152" bold="true" box="[151,262,297,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Material.</emphasis>
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Two F larvae, ♀, both Gunung Mulu National Park,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6A52E8793B2B26FCCBFE84FC718151" box="[883,1015,297,321]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" precision="1" value="4.04318">4.04318° N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6A52E8793B2B26FBB8FE84FB088151" box="[1024,1166,297,321]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" precision="5" value="114.8104">114.8104° E</geoCoordinate>
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<date id="FFE012EF793B2B26FB2FFE84FAAF8152" box="[1175,1321,297,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" value="2008-01-14" valueMax="2008-01-15" valueMin="2008-01-14">14-15.i.2008</date>
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, 45–
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<quantity id="4CA699CA793B2B26FADAFE84FA1A8151" box="[1378,1436,297,322]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
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a.s.l., leg S.G. Butler. Both deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED4FACEA793B2B26FDEFFEE2FD2F8176" box="[599,681,335,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">RHNH</collectionCode>
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, Leiden,
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<collectingCountry id="F34974BF793B2B26FCA8FEE3FC4B8177" box="[784,973,334,359]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34467A4793B2B20FF7FFEDFFC298773" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793B2B26FF7FFEDFFF50822E" blockId="3.[151,1437,294,574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FF7FFEDFFEDF819B" bold="true" box="[199,345,370,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Description.</emphasis>
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In general appearance a small, moderately long-legged zygopteran of medium build and typical coenagrionoid appearance. Postocular lobes of head angulated and bearing a cluster of small, robust processes posterolaterally. Caudal lamellae foliate, with distinct petiole, the central lamella considerably longer and broader than the laterals (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793B2B26FED5FE73FE3E81E7" box="[365,440,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1994,2015]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Onychargia atrocyana, larval habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Coloration overall neutral brown, with darker brown mottling at the extremities, especially the antennae, legs and caudal lamellae. Body surface relatively smooth, bearing only sparse, very fine setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2164A7793B2B26FF2FF867FDF987CF" box="[151,639,1994,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793B2B26FF2FF867FDF987CF" blockId="3.[151,639,1994,2015]" box="[151,639,1994,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FF2FF867FE8087CF" bold="true" box="[151,262,1994,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793B2B26FEAAF867FE6C87CF" box="[274,490,1994,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793B2B26FEAAF867FE6C87CF" box="[274,490,1994,2015]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="387">Onychargia atrocyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, larval habitus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2164A7793C2B21FF2FF80DFC3187E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="388" targetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793C2B21FF2FF80DFC3187E0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1952,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="388">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793C2B21FF2FF80DFE8B87A5" bold="true" box="[151,269,1952,1973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="388">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Anterior details of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793C2B21FE75F80DFD2087A5" box="[461,678,1952,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="4" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
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<emphasis id="B92AE83D793C2B21FE75F80DFD2087A5" box="[461,678,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="388">Onychargia atrocyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE1342F793D2B20FF7FFF3AFAED8425" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">
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Head in dorsal view (
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||
<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FE06FF3AFD8780A0" box="[446,513,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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a) rather squat and angular in outline, especially at posterolateral margins, which bear patches of short robust processes, best seen in ventral view (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FC11FF11FC7680C5" box="[937,1008,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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b, c). Labrum produced and slightly angulated medially. Labial palps clearly visible projecting beyond labrum in dorsal view. Upper surface of head with low profile and no distinctive features. Occipital triangle (which bears the ocelli) only a slight bump. Antennae long, seven segmented, final segment very short, segments 4 and 6 dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FB3FFE8AFB448150" box="[1159,1218,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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d). Compound eyes moderately large. Mandibles not evident in dorsal view. In ventral view (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FC71FEE1FB8C8174" box="[969,1034,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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e) mandibles rather squat, with four strong well-developed short teeth (central pair partly fused) on each incisor lobe and a vestigial lower tooth; molar lobe unarmed except for small thorn-like processes near inner margin; outer angle of each mandible rounded, bearing sparse tuft of long setae. Galeolacinea of maxilla seen in ventral view with five thin outer (ventral) spines and three strong inner spines; maxillary palp narrow, curved and bearing long, dense, fine setae (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FA81FE71FA0481E5" box="[1337,1410,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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f). Articulation of labial mask reaching midpoint of mesocoxae when retracted (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FBA8FE52FBD08208" box="[1040,1110,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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b). Prementum (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FAA9FE52FAD38208" box="[1297,1365,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">
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Fig.
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g) flat ventrally, only slightly concave dorsally, with a single pair of long, strong setae seated post medially. In outline broad distally and tapered to a narrow base a little less than one third its maximum distal breadth; median lobe (ligula) produced to form an obtuse triangle, the two slightly convex sides forming an angle of about 100°; median cleft absent; lateral margins of prementum bearing short spines in distal half, smooth in basal half. Labial palp long, terminating in a strong ventral hook and a dorsal straight, slightly serrate edge (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FBA1FD19FBFF82DD" box="[1049,1145,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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h), the two separated by a short notch. Palp bearing five long, strong, inwardly directed setae and a rather short movable hook, seated well back from its apex. Prothorax with two small supracoxal spines best seen in ventral view (
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<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FB3AFD51FB388304" box="[1154,1214,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[213,1365,186,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1383,183,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) dorsal detail head; (b) ventral detail head and anterior thoracic segments; (c) ventral detail posterior margin of head and supracoxal spurs; (d) detail of antenna; (e) mandibles ventral view; (f) right maxilla ventral view; (g) labial mask dorsal view; (h) detail labial palp in dorsolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243517/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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c). Legs moderately long; femora stout and somewhat angular, with distinct dark markings and short spines; tibiae thin with only very fine sparse setae. Wing pads just reaching hind margin of S4, with intricate pattern of dark markings. Abdomen unmarked, smooth, gradually tapered posteriorly. Caudal lamellae clearly dorsoventrally flattened, foliate with elongate petiole; median lamella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FDACFC21FDD783B4" box="[532,593,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,244,1700,1721]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1132,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,1127,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Posterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) median caudal lamella; (b) right caudal lamella; (c) ventral view of terminal abdominal segments showing female gonapophyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a) about two-thirds length of abdomen, broadly foliate and acuminate, well tracheated and with mottled dark markings; petiole with distinct dorsal and ventral spines. Lateral lamellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FAF2FC02FA0083D8" box="[1354,1414,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,244,1700,1721]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1132,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,1127,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Posterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) median caudal lamella; (b) right caudal lamella; (c) ventral view of terminal abdominal segments showing female gonapophyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b) narrower, about five-sevenths length of median lamella; petiole with outer lateral, as well as dorsal and ventral spines. Cerci small and budlike. Female gonapophyses extending well beyond posterior margin of S10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136528AA793D2B20FAF9FC5AFA048400" box="[1345,1410,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,244,1700,1721]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,1132,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,1127,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Posterior details of Onychargia atrocyana: (a) median caudal lamella; (b) right caudal lamella; (c) ventral view of terminal abdominal segments showing female gonapophyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Inner and outer gonapophyses subequal in length; outer gonapophyses with well-developed subbasal shoulder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2164A7793D2B20FF2FF909FD6286C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243518/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="389" targetBox="[157,1425,1132,1678]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793D2B20FF2FF909FD6286C6" blockId="5.[151,1435,1700,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793D2B20FF2FF909FE9686A9" bold="true" box="[151,272,1700,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Posterior details of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793D2B20FE59F909FD3A86A9" box="[481,700,1700,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793D2B20FE59F909FD3A86A9" box="[481,700,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Onychargia atrocyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) median caudal lamella; (b) right caudal lamella; (c) ventral view of terminal abdominal segments showing female gonapophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793D2B20FF7FF88BFC298773" blockId="5.[151,1436,1830,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793D2B20FF7FF88BFEF0872F" bold="true" box="[199,374,1830,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(mm): Total length (without caudal lamellae) 10.2–11.3; maximum width of head 3.14–3.25; hind femur 2.5–2.6; cercus 0.1; right lamella 3.45; median lamella 4.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34467A4793D2B22FF7FF8C3FDEE85F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="5" pageNumber="389" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793D2B20FF7FF8C3FD1787BC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1830,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793D2B20FF7FF8C3FEBD8797" bold="true" box="[199,315,1902,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="389">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Male larva unknown. Apart from a slight difference in size and the maturity of the wing pads, the two specimens show no significant variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" ID-Table-UUID="DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" targetBox="[151,1418,241,1888]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF2FFF3AFF7880BC" bold="true" box="[151,254,151,172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A summary of main diagnostic characters occurring in the various subfamilies of the Platycnemiidae
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FB76FF3AFAA880BC" box="[1230,1326,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
, as defined by Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FEB0FF17FEBF80DF" box="[264,313,186,207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793E2B23FEC0FF5CFE9D8770" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<table id="F95EC68F793ED4DAFF2FFF5CFA0C8770" box="[151,1418,241,1888]" gridcols="8" gridrows="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFF5CFA0C8155" box="[151,1418,241,325]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FF5CFE7E8155" box="[376,504,241,325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Caudal lamellae</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FF5CFDFC8155" box="[537,634,241,325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Premental setae</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FF5CFC9D8155" box="[681,795,241,325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Palpal setae</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFF5CFC3E8155" box="[836,952,241,325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Median lobe prementum</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FF5CFBC98155" box="[985,1103,241,325]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Postocular lobes of head</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FF5CFB578155" box="[1136,1233,241,325]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Relative leg length</th>
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFF5CFA0C8155" box="[1269,1418,241,325]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Authority</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFEF6FA0C821F" box="[151,1418,347,527]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFEF6FED7821F" box="[151,337,347,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFEF6FEB78160" bold="true" box="[165,305,347,368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Onchargiinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFED6FE8081A0" box="[165,280,379,432]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFED6FE8081A0" box="[165,280,379,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Onychargia atrocyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FEF6FE7E821F" box="[376,504,347,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">lamellate, foliate with clear petiole</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FEF6FDFC821F" box="[537,634,347,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">1+1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FEF6FC9D821F" box="[681,795,347,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFEF6FC3E821F" box="[836,952,347,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">strongly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FEF6FBC9821F" box="[985,1103,347,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">well developed, angular, bearing strong spiny processes</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FEF6FB57821F" box="[1136,1233,347,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">moderate- ly long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFEF6FA0C821F" box="[1269,1418,347,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">This paper</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFD88FA0C82A9" box="[151,1418,549,697]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFD88FED782A9" box="[151,337,549,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFD88FEC3822A" bold="true" box="[165,325,549,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Allocnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFDE8FE988269" box="[165,286,581,633]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Stenocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachystigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFDE8FE988269" box="[165,286,581,633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Stenocnemis pachystigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FD88FE7E82A9" box="[376,504,549,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">triquetral, saccoid, very short, small terminal filament</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FD88FDFC82A9" box="[537,634,549,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FD88FC9D82A9" box="[681,795,549,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">2 (+ 6 very short setae)</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFD88FC3E82A9" box="[836,952,549,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">weakly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FD88FBC982A9" box="[985,1103,549,697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">well developed, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FD88FB5782A9" box="[1136,1233,549,697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">short</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFD88FA0C82A9" box="[1269,1418,549,697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Vick 1998</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFD62FA0C8333" box="[151,1418,719,803]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFD62FED78333" box="[151,337,719,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFD62FEC382F4" bold="true" box="[165,325,719,740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Allocnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFD42FE8B8333" box="[165,272,751,803]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Allocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFD42FE8B8333" box="[165,272,751,803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Allocnemis leucosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FD62FE7E8333" box="[376,504,719,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">triquetral, saccoid</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FD62FDFC8333" box="[537,634,719,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">1+1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FD62FC9D8333" box="[681,795,719,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFD62FC3E8333" box="[836,952,719,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">weakly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FD62FBC98333" box="[985,1103,719,803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">well developed, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FD62FB578333" box="[1136,1233,719,803]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">moderate- ly long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFD62FA0C8333" box="[1269,1418,719,803]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Samways & Wilmot 2003 Samways 2008</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFC94FA0C83BE" box="[151,1418,825,942]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFC94FED783BE" box="[151,337,825,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFC94FEC3835E" bold="true" box="[165,325,825,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Allocnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFCF4FE83839E" box="[165,283,857,910]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Mesocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFCF4FE83839E" box="[165,283,857,910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Mesocnemis singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FC94FE7E83BE" box="[376,504,825,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">lamellate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FC94FDFC83BE" box="[537,634,825,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FC94FC9D83BE" box="[681,795,825,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFC94FC3E83BE" box="[836,952,825,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">weakly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FC94FBC983BE" box="[985,1103,825,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">well developed, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FC94FB5783BE" box="[1136,1233,825,942]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">moderate- ly long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFC94FA0C83BE" box="[1269,1418,825,942]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Samways & Wilmot 2003 Suhling & Martens 2007</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFC6EFA0C8428" box="[151,1418,963,1080]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFC6EFED78428" box="[151,337,963,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFC6EFEC583C8" bold="true" box="[165,323,963,984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Idiocnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFC4EFEBB8428" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFC4EFE8F8408" box="[165,274,995,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Hylaeargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulatrix">Hylaeargia simulatrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFB8EFEBB8428" box="[165,317,1059,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Palaiargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceyx">Palaiargia ceyx</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FC6EFE7E8428" box="[376,504,963,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">short bulbous petiole with membranous frills</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FC6EFDFC8428" box="[537,634,963,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FC6EFC9D8428" box="[681,795,963,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFC6EFC3E8428" box="[836,952,963,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">strongly produced, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FC6EFBC98428" box="[985,1103,963,1080]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FC6EFB578428" box="[1136,1233,963,1080]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">very long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFC6EFA0C8428" box="[1269,1418,963,1080]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Lieftinck 1957</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFBE0FA0C84B2" box="[151,1418,1101,1186]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFBE0FED784B2" box="[151,337,1101,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFBE0FEC58472" bold="true" box="[165,323,1101,1122]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Idiocnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFBC0FF7A84B2" box="[165,268,1133,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Lieftinckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kimminsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFBC0FF7A84B2" box="[165,268,1133,1186]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Lieftinckia kimminsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FBE0FE7E84B2" box="[376,504,1101,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">with membranous frills</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FBE0FDFC84B2" box="[537,634,1101,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FBE0FC9D84B2" box="[681,795,1101,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFBE0FC3E84B2" box="[836,952,1101,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FBE0FBC984B2" box="[985,1103,1101,1186]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FBE0FB5784B2" box="[1136,1233,1101,1186]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFBE0FA0C84B2" box="[1269,1418,1101,1186]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Corbet 1999</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFB15FA0C857C" box="[151,1418,1208,1388]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFB15FED7857C" box="[151,337,1208,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFB15FEBE84DD" bold="true" box="[165,312,1208,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Calicnemiinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFB7AFE8784FC" box="[165,257,1239,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Coeliccia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFB7AFE8784FC" box="[165,257,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Coeliccia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FB15FE7E857C" box="[376,504,1208,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">lamellate, foliate to ovate, with or without petiole</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FB15FDFC857C" box="[537,634,1208,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">3+3 to 5+5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FB15FC9D857C" box="[681,795,1208,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">4–6</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFB15FC3E857C" box="[836,952,1208,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">strongly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FB15FBC9857C" box="[985,1103,1208,1388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">weakly developed, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FB15FB57857C" box="[1136,1233,1208,1388]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">moderate- ly long to long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFB15FA0C857C" box="[1269,1418,1208,1388]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Matsuki & Lien 1984 Ishida 1996 Xu 2013 Orr & Dow unpublished</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FFA2FFA0C85E6" box="[151,1418,1410,1526]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FFA2FFED785E6" box="[151,337,1410,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFA2FFED78587" bold="true" box="[165,337,1410,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Disparoneurinae</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DFA0CFE8C85E6" box="[165,297,1441,1526]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFA0CFE9685C6" box="[165,297,1441,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Prodasineura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coconotata">Prodasineura coconotata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DFA4CFE8C85E6" box="[165,266,1505,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Nososticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nososticta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0FA2FFE7E85E6" box="[376,504,1410,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">lamellate, short, ovate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1FA2FFDFC85E6" box="[537,634,1410,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">1+1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11FA2FFC9D85E6" box="[681,795,1410,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">2–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCFA2FFC3E85E6" box="[836,952,1410,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">very weakly produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61FA2FFBC985E6" box="[985,1103,1410,1526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">well developed, rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8FA2FFB5785E6" box="[1136,1233,1410,1526]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">medium length</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DFA2FFA0C85E6" box="[1269,1418,1410,1526]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Matsuki 1991 Theischinger & Hawking 2006</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FF9A1FA0C86F0" box="[151,1418,1548,1760]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FF9A1FED786F0" box="[151,337,1548,1760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DF9A1FED68631" bold="true" box="[165,336,1548,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Platycnemidinae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DF981FE9C8651" box="[165,282,1580,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Platycnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DF981FE9C8651" box="[165,282,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Platycnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DF9E6FEA88670" box="[165,302,1611,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Pseudocopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DF9E6FEA88670" box="[165,302,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Pseudocopera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF1DF9C6FF6B8690" box="[165,237,1643,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Copera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF1DF9C6FF6B8690" box="[165,237,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Copera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFEC0F9A1FE7E86F0" box="[376,504,1548,1760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
elongate, lamellate, with terminal filament or fringe of filaments (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FE38F966FE4E86F0" box="[384,456,1739,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Copera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FE38F966FE4E86F0" box="[384,456,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Copera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFDA1F9A1FDFC86F0" box="[537,634,1548,1760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">2+2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFD11F9A1FC9D86F0" box="[681,795,1548,1760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFCFCF9A1FC3E86F0" box="[836,952,1548,1760]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">moderately produced, angular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFC61F9A1FBC986F0" box="[985,1103,1548,1760]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">fairly weakly developed, rounded or with distinct angle</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFBC8F9A1FB5786F0" box="[1136,1233,1548,1760]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">medium - long</td>
|
||
<td id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFB4DF9A1FA0C86F0" box="[1269,1418,1548,1760]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Needham 1930 Matsuki 1993 Ishida 1996 Brochard & van der Ploeg 2014</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356E366D793ED4DAFF2FF8EBFA0C8770" box="[151,1418,1862,1888]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="76BF5F11793ED4DAFF2FF8EBFED78770" box="[151,337,1862,1888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793E2B22FF2FF821FA0C822D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1932,2029]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FE8DF820FE4B87B4" box="[309,461,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FE8DF820FE4B87B4" box="[309,461,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">O. atrocyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a combination of characters typically found in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FB15F821FAEE87B5" box="[1197,1384,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platycnemididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793E2B23FF2FF81DFECA87D9" box="[151,332,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coenagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Notably the anterior border to the prementum is entire, and long papal setae are present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793E2B23FAF8F81DFE9387FD" author="Dijkstra" pageId="6" pageNumber="390" refString="Dijkstra, K-D. B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J. (2014) Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Systematic Entomology, 39 (1), 68 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12035" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793E2B23FF2FF878FF5687FD" box="[151,208,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It may best be distinguished by having just a single pair of setae on the prementum together with the angulate form of the postocular lobes and the distinctive group of blunt processes on the posterolateral margin of the head. The two small supracoxal spurs may also be unique but are not an obvious diagnostic feature. All these characters were also present on a small F-2 or F-3 larva collected in a stagnant drain bordering secondary forest on the campus of Universiti Kebangsaan
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34974BF793F2B22FDE0FEA9FD39810D" box="[600,703,260,285]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by AGO in 2007, hence it is now confidently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FA39FEA9FE8E8150" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FA39FEA9FE8E8150" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">O. atrocyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In particular, the posterolateral processes on the head were very well developed and, moreover, the form of the caudal lamellae was identical to those of the mature larvae. Similar arrangements of setae on the prementum and labial palps do occur in the larvae of some coenagrionids occurring within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FB7BFEDDFACE8198" box="[1219,1352,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FB7BFEDDFACE8198" box="[1219,1352,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Onychargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in these the legs are distinctly shorter (see e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FD3FFE39FC8981BD" author="Ishida" box="[647,783,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Ishida, K. (1996) Monograph of Odonata larvae in Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, x + 447 pp." type="book" year="1996">Ishida 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The other platycnemidid (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FBFFFE38FB3E81BC" box="[1095,1208,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) group in which the prementum bears just one pair of setae and that occurs within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FBBCFE15FB0F81C0" box="[1028,1161,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FBBCFE15FB0F81C0" box="[1028,1161,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Onychargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the Disparoneurinae, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FEBFFE71FDC581E4" authority="Cowley, 1934" authorityName="Cowley" authorityYear="1934" box="[263,579,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Prodasineura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FEBFFE71FE2681E4" box="[263,416,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Prodasineura</emphasis>
|
||
Cowley, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FD75FE71FCEA81E4" author="Matsuki" box="[717,876,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Matsuki, K. (1991) Description of the larval stage of Prodasineura croconota (Ris) from Taiwan (Protoneuridae, Odonata). Tombo, 34, 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">Matsuki 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as far as we know larvae of this genus have short legs, short rounded caudal lamellae, a moderately broad base to the prementum and a smooth posterolateral margin to the head. It is unlikely within its range the larva could be mistaken for any other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793F2B22FF7FFDEAFED684D5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FEF7FDEAFD8C8270" box="[335,522,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platycnemididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FD7BFDEAFC398270" box="[707,959,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Dijkstra, K-D. B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J. (2014) Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Systematic Entomology, 39 (1), 68 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12035" type="journal article">
|
||
Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FC92FDE4FCE18270" box="[810,871,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
there is considerable variation in larval characters, as summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC0194793F2B22FE4FFDC1FDD48294" box="[503,594,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 3. A" captionStartId="6.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,241,1888]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. A summary of main diagnostic characters occurring in the various subfamilies of the Platycnemiidae sensu lato, as defined by Dijkstra et al. (2014)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" tableUuid="DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Many of these characters also occur in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FBD7FDC1FAA58295" box="[1135,1315,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coenagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and their significance in higher classification is debatable, but others are not found elsewhere within the Coenagrionoidea. For example, all known larvae of Idiocnemidinae possess unique caudal lamellae, in which the vertical membrane is strongly pleated to form a frilly ruff around its margins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FCEDFD7AFB8282E0" author="Lieftinck" box="[853,1028,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Lieftinck, M. A. (1957) Notes on some argiine dragonflies (Odonata) with special reference to the genus Palaiargia Foster with descriptions of new species and larval forms. Nova Guinea, New Series, 8, 41 - 80." type="journal article" year="1957">Lieftinck 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FBACFD7AFB2082E0" author="Corbet" box="[1044,1190,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Corbet, P. S. (1999) Dragonflies: Behaviour and ecology of Odonata. Harley Books, Colchester, xxxii + 829 pp." type="book" year="1999">Corbet 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p 83). There are no obvious setae either on the prementum or labial palps, as probably occur, sometimes much reduced, in all other Coenagrionoidea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FEDDFCB2FDC18328" author="Dijkstra" box="[357,583,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Dijkstra, K-D. B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J. (2014) Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Systematic Entomology, 39 (1), 68 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12035" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FE71FC8CFD848328" box="[457,514,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the African subfamily Allocnemidinae considerable variation occurs in the form of the caudal lamellae. Those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FDD6FCE9FC7E834D" authority="Selys, 1863" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1863" box="[622,1016,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Allocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FDD6FCE9FCED834C" box="[622,875,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Allocnemis leucosticta</emphasis>
|
||
Sélys, 1863
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are triquetral and inflated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FA97FCE9FEDB8390" author="Samways" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Samways, M. J. & Wilmot, B. (2003) Odonata. In: De Moor, I. J., Day, J. A. & de Moor F. C. (Eds.), Freshwater invertebrates of Southern Africa. Vol. 7. Insecta 1. Water Research Commission, Gezina, pp 160 - 212." type="book chapter" year="2003">Samways and Wilmot 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FED0FCC5FD928390" author="Samways" box="[360,532,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Samways, M. J. (2008) Dragonflies and Damselflies of South Africa. Pensoft, Sofia, Moscow, 297 pp." type="book" year="2008">Samways 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FD72FCC5FB0E8390" authority="Selys, 1863" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1863" box="[714,1160,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Stenocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachystigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FD72FCC5FC6C8390" box="[714,1002,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Stenocnemis pachystigma</emphasis>
|
||
(Sélys, 1863)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FAA0FCCAFA098390" author="Vick" box="[1304,1423,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Vick, G. S. (1998) Notes on some damselfly larvae from Cameroon (Zygoptera: Perilestidae, Amphipterigidae, Platycnemididae). Odonatologica, 27, 87 - 98." type="journal article" year="1998">Vick 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FED0FC20FC9383B4" authority="Karsch, 1891" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1891" box="[360,789,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Mesocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FED0FC20FDE883B4" box="[360,622,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Mesocnemis singularis</emphasis>
|
||
Karsch, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are lamellate. All allocnemidine larvae known have a robust build with head both long and broad, resulting in a much less tapered prementum. Premental and palpal setae are also reduced in this subfamily, as also occurs to an even greater extent in the Neotropical coenagrionid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FF5CFC55FDC88400" authority="Novelo-Gutierrez 1992" authorityName="Novelo-Gutierrez" authorityYear="1992" box="[228,590,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FF5CFC55FEA5841F" box="[228,291,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Argia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FE8EFC5AFDC08400" author="Novelo-Gutierrez" box="[310,582,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Novelo-Gutierrez, R. (1992) Biosystematics of larvae of the genus Argia in Mexico (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Odonatologica, 21, 39 - 71." type="journal article" year="1992">Novelo-Gutiérrez 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Disparoneurinae and Calicnemiinae, while clearly recognizable, do not exhibit a definitive set of characters. Platycnemidinae seem universally to have a terminal filament at the end of long lamellate caudal lamellae (elaborated to many marginal filaments in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FBB7FBEDFB788448" authority="Kirby, 1890" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1890" box="[1039,1278,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" genus="Copera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FBB7FBEDFBE58447" box="[1039,1123,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Copera</emphasis>
|
||
Kirby, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and angular postocular lobes on the head, together with fairly long legs and well-developed setae on the prementum and palps. We are not aware of this combination of characters occurring elsewhere, but individually all may be found in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FF2FFB01FECA84D5" box="[151,332,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coenagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1342F793F2B22FF7FFB7CFDEE85F5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">
|
||
In summary, character combinations within subfamilies of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FC27FB62FBDC84F8" box="[927,1114,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platycnemididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear mostly to be highly consistent (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC0194793F2B22FEADFB59FEEC851C" box="[277,362,1268,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 3. A" captionStartId="6.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,241,1888]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. A summary of main diagnostic characters occurring in the various subfamilies of the Platycnemiidae sensu lato, as defined by Dijkstra et al. (2014)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" tableUuid="DF2164A7793E2B23FF2FFF3AFE0280DF">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), but in some cases they do not necessarily support the arrangement of these subfamilies relative to one another presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF49DE793F2B22FE58FABAFD538520" box="[480,725,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" refString="Dijkstra, K-D. B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R. & van Tol, J. (2014) Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata). Systematic Entomology, 39 (1), 68 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12035" type="journal article">
|
||
Dijkstra
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FDFBFAB4FDF88520" box="[579,638,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As already implied, based on larval morphology
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FAAFFAB5FA1A8520" box="[1303,1436,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Onychargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AE83D793F2B22FAAFFAB5FA1A8520" box="[1303,1436,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="391">Onychargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might equally be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FE7EFA91FD078545" box="[454,641,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platycnemididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FD1EFA91FCDC8545" box="[678,858,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coenagrionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as there is no simple combination of characters which can separate the larvae of the two families, this may simply reflect the limitations of using potentially plastic and widespread characters to elucidate higher-order relationships. We would not on this basis advocate any changes in present higher classification but do suggest that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4FAC793F2B22FCD5FA0AFBAE85D0" box="[877,1064,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Platycnemididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platycnemididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as presently constituted perhaps should be regarded as a work in progress.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |