567 lines
63 KiB
XML
567 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="BA3D09DCAB3440B2B4E4F1873B018281" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3721.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b756ce36-4962-4112-a06c-0c7ca769e240" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223025" ID-ZooBank="ED6825F3-9730-4B7B-A445-4ADC9ECCB699" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460688780223" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gregorin, Renato & Vivo, Mario De" docDate="2013" docId="03E40A75FFD7FFE7FF26796D3D4C2A81" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03721p182.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3721 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Saguinus ursulus Hoffmannsegg 1807" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="FFDD720DFFD3FFE0FFB17B573F132901" masterDocTitle="Revalidation of Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="172" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1698351584873" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5F41AA3EF63F969B311B454B5A01FE08">
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<mods:title id="7EA26996F41AA120064963E26FA1E566">Revalidation of Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="791AB644F3B49A21250E1A1B6C67C674">Gregorin, Renato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A8A08244E58B3DD5E1AD7C90EACE0D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="47DF9194969D7DB243C0CF15C70E52B8">Vivo, Mario De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C05D7BE4383E3C517FC7ECEFDA8354F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FE914AB4C42C458FE5C0CA3BBEFEF9D9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1D730D3D3FAB7B924D60A14A8F61DBEE">
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<mods:date id="1BF08B9BE884E904C577178F8A322242">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01E9A0751B488292F41AD0CF7C158BB3">3721</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2D86B59828045BBE48C448F69422425A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="89869640CAB26E981A3043853B2A185C">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D5F45F23B71EB5632BE71A76084143A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3721.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E40A75FFD7FFE7FF26796D3D4C2A81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694013" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119577215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E40A75FFD7FFE7FF26796D3D4C2A81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E40A75FFD7FFE7FF26796D3D4C2A81" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<subSubSection id="C357E8E8FFD7FFE4FF26796D3D162BB7" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26796D3C472B55" blockId="4.[151,852,570,596]" box="[151,852,570,596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<heading id="D0BA0C0FFFD7FFE4FF26796D3C472B55" bold="true" box="[151,852,570,596]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26796D3C472B55" bold="true" box="[151,852,570,596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26796D3D602B55" ID-CoL="7WRML" authority="Hoffmannsegg, 1807" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,627,570,596]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26796D3E782B55" bold="true" box="[151,363,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus ursulus</emphasis>
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Hoffmannsegg, 1807
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</taxonomicName>
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revalidated taxon
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF2679D53D162BB7" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2679D53D412B96" authority="Ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807: 102" authorityName="Ursula Hoffmannsegg" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,594,641,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2679D53E532B96" box="[151,320,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus Ursula</emphasis>
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Hoffmannsegg, 1807: 102
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2679F63D122BB7" authority="Humboldt, 1812: 361" authorityName="Humboldt" authorityPageNumber="361" authorityYear="1812" box="[151,513,672,694]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Simia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursula">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2679F63E0B2BB7" box="[151,280,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Simia ursula</emphasis>
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: Humboldt, 1812: 361
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357E8E8FFD7FFE4FF2679E93FE42C1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF2679E93EE42BD5" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,503,702,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2679E93E0E2BD5" box="[151,285,702,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2679E93FC52BD5" box="[151,214,702,724]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">Midas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF6D79E93E0E2BD5" authority="Geoffroy, 1812: 121" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1812" box="[220,285,702,724]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Simia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursula">ursula</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: Geoffroy, 1812: 121
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26798A3D372BF2" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,548,733,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26798A3D372BF2" authority="Desmarest, 1818: 242" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,548,733,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Jacchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26798A3E292BF2" box="[151,314,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Jacchus ursulus</emphasis>
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: Desmarest, 1818: 242
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF2679AB3EFB2A13" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,488,764,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2679AB3EFB2A13" authority="Voight, 1831: 99" authorityName="Voight" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,488,764,786]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Hapale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2679AB3E202A13" box="[151,307,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Hapale ursulus</emphasis>
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: Voight, 1831: 99
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26784D3D3F2A31" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,556,794,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26784D3D3F2A31" authority="Cabrera, 1912: 29" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,556,794,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Leontocebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26784D3E7B2A31" box="[151,360,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Leontocebus ursulus</emphasis>
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: Cabrera, 1912: 29
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26786E3D222A4E" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,561,825,847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26786E3D222A4E" authority="Elliot, 1913: 192" authorityName="Elliot" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,561,825,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26786E3E6A2A4E" box="[151,377,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Cercopithecus ursulus</emphasis>
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: Elliot, 1913: 192
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26780E3EE82A6F" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,507,856,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26780E3EE82A6F" authority="Pocock, 1917: 256" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,507,856,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26780E3E222A6F" box="[151,305,856,878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Mystax ursulus</emphasis>
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: Pocock, 1917: 256
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF26782F3D032A8D" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" box="[151,528,886,909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF26782F3E512A8C" box="[151,322,888,909]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tamarin" subSpecies="tamarin">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF26782F3E512A8C" box="[151,322,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Tamarin tamarin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: Hill, 1957: 83, part
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF2678C13D3F2D27" blockId="4.[151,775,641,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2678C13E8B2AAA" box="[151,408,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2678C13E512AAA" box="[151,322,918,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tamarin" subSpecies="tamarin">Tamarin tamarin</taxonomicName>
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tamarin
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</emphasis>
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: Cruz-Lima, 1945: 215, part
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2678E33D2C2ACB" authority="Cabrera, 1958: 197" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityPageNumber="197" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,575,948,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Leontocebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamarin">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2678E33E7E2ACB" box="[151,365,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Leontocebus tamarin</emphasis>
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: Cabrera, 1958: 197
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</taxonomicName>
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, part
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2678843C142AE9" authority="Carvalho & Toccheton, 1969: 219" authorityName="Carvalho & Toccheton" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,775,978,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tamarin" subSpecies="tamarin">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2678843EB32AE9" box="[151,416,979,1000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus tamarin tamarin</emphasis>
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: Carvalho & Toccheton, 1969: 219
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF2678A53D702D06" authority="Hershkovitz, 1969: 19" authorityName="Hershkovitz" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,611,1009,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="midas" subSpecies="niger">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF2678A53E612D06" box="[151,370,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus midas niger</emphasis>
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: Hershkovitz, 1969: 19
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</taxonomicName>
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, part
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF267F463EE92D27" authority="Groves, 2001: 138" authorityName="Groves" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,506,1040,1062]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF267F463E3C2D27" box="[151,303,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus niger</emphasis>
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: Groves, 2001: 138
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</taxonomicName>
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, part
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF267F053B812D8E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF267F053E362D6A" bold="true" box="[151,293,1106,1131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Type-series.</emphasis>
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We designate here the
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<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FD8C7F053DB72D6A" box="[573,676,1106,1131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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based on one specimen of four
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<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FB967F043B9A2D6A" box="[1063,1161,1107,1131]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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housed at Museum für Naturkunde. The designation was based on the analysis of photographies of the specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF767FCD3FE42C1E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
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Lectotype—Adult female, skin and skull, collected by F. W. Sieber. Specimen number ZMB_MAM 288a, in good conditions of preservation. Although with pelage slightly faded, specimen presents all diagnostic characters for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF757FB43E242DFA" box="[196,311,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF757FB43E242DFA" box="[196,311,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. ursulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The designation of
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<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FD847FB53D882DFA" box="[565,667,1250,1275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
is necessary to bear the name “
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FB927FB43B662DFA" box="[1059,1141,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FB927FB43B662DFA" box="[1059,1141,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">ursulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” and provide taxonomic stability.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357E8E8FFD7FFE4FF767E7D3D2D2CAE" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF767E7D3D2D2CAE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF767E7D3E522C42" bold="true" box="[199,321,1322,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal striated hairs extending from scapular portions to the rump in hindlimbs; striated hairs reach the base of the tail; mid-dorsal striated hairs with bright and golden buffy intermediary band; intermediary yellow band long (5.0 5.5 mm); dorsal and lateral hairs long (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB51686FFD7FFE4FCA97E253C8B2C8A" box="[792,920,1394,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and irregularly arranged (disheveled); face, hands, and fingers not notably haired.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357E8E8FFD7FFE4FF767EED3B2C2FAA" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF767EED3FE12F1A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF767EED3E4A2CD2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1466,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FEDA7EEC3D232CD2" box="[363,560,1467,1491]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FEDA7EEC3D232CD2" box="[363,560,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs south of the Amazonas River, from the east bank of the Tocantins River, State of Pará, to the limits of Amazon forest with Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, in the State of Maranhão (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD7FFE4FF2E7D553FF72F1A" box="[159,228,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1361,1383]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,392,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,373,1339]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of S. ursulus (squares), S. niger (circles), and S. midas (triangles). For the gazetteer of localities, see appendix 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223030/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF767D703B2C2FAA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FF767D703E7C2F3F" box="[199,367,1575,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF767D703E7C2F3F" box="[199,367,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Saguinus niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted here to occurs in the south of the Amazonas River, from the east bank of the Xingu River to the west bank of Tocantins River, and in the southwestern portion of Marajó Island, in State of Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AFBF3FFD7FFE4FAE67D1D3A882F62" box="[1367,1435,1610,1635]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD7FFE4FF2E7D393FF72F86" box="[159,228,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1361,1383]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,392,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,373,1339]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of S. ursulus (squares), S. niger (circles), and S. midas (triangles). For the gazetteer of localities, see appendix 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223030/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Southernmost records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FDA67D383D7C2F87" box="[535,623,1647,1670]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FDA67D383D7C2F87" box="[535,623,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are Gradaús River, based on voucher, and Floresta Nacional de Carajás (not mapped here) based on captures and visual observations (Bergallo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FC067DC43CFB2FAA" box="[951,1000,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357E8E8FFD7FFE7FF767DE13D4C2A81" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD7FFE4FF767DE13E492EEE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1106,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF767DE13E842FCE" bold="true" box="[199,407,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The taxonomic and nomenclatural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FC2D7DE03CE72FCF" box="[924,1012,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FC2D7DE03CE72FCF" box="[924,1012,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FB9D7DE03B8F2FCF" box="[1068,1180,1718,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FB9D7DE03B8F2FCF" box="[1068,1180,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite confusing and complex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FEB47D8C3D022FF2" authority="Geoffroy" authorityName="Geoffroy" box="[261,529,1754,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FEB47D8C3EB72FF3" box="[261,420,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Sagouin niger</emphasis>
|
||
Geoffroy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was presumably based on description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FC527D8D3B532FF2" box="[995,1088,1754,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamarin">Tamarin</taxonomicName>
|
||
negrè Audebert (1797): “Noir, dos nodule transversalement de fauve, pates noires” (Geoffroy 1803: 13). However, the provenience of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FADA7DA83A882E16" box="[1387,1435,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was indicated as “Cayenne” what was pivotal for the confusion, because the black-hand
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FB3A7C753BF22E3A" box="[1163,1249,1826,1851]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamarin">tamarin</taxonomicName>
|
||
certainly do not occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AFBF3FFD7FFE4FF4C7C113EBB2E5E" box="[253,424,1862,1887]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Hershkovitz (1977: 717) restricted the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FCC07C103CB22E5E" box="[881,929,1863,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FB997C103B922E5F" box="[1064,1153,1863,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FB997C103B922E5F" box="[1064,1153,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to Belém, State of Pará,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AFBF3FFD7FFE4FF267C3D3FCD2E82" box="[151,222,1898,1923]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the same type-locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FDBA7C3C3C6D2E82" authority="Hoffmannsegg (1807)" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1807" box="[523,894,1898,1923]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FDBA7C3C3D682E82" box="[523,635,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
Hoffmannsegg (1807)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD7FFE4FB987C3C3B4A2E82" box="[1065,1113,1899,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FB307C3C3BCA2E83" box="[1153,1241,1899,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FB307C3C3BCA2E83" box="[1153,1241,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lost (see more explanations in Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FE237CD83EDB2EA7" box="[402,456,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001) and presently is not possible to know the precise provenience of specimen analyzed by Geoffroy (1803) or even details about its morphology (for example, if is a menalic form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD7FFE4FA907CE43A932ECA" box="[1313,1408,1971,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FA907CE43A932ECA" box="[1313,1408,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD7FFE4FF637C803E102EEF" box="[210,259,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32EBEBFFD6FFE5FF267FCD3D202DEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223029/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD6FFE5FF267FCD3D202DEC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1178,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FF267FCD3E072DAE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1178,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal pelage coloration pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FD357FCC3C362DB1" box="[644,805,1178,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FD357FCC3C362DB1" box="[644,805,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Saguinus midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: A—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FC117FCC3CE42DB1" box="[928,1015,1178,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC117FCC3CE42DB1" box="[928,1015,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 14845), B—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FB6B7FCC3A2C2DB1" box="[1242,1343,1178,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FB6B7FCC3A2C2DB1" box="[1242,1343,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 96481), C—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FEA67FED3E742DCE" box="[279,359,1210,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FEA67FED3E742DCE" box="[279,359,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 96499). Note some diagnostics characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FC2C7FED3B102DCE" box="[925,1027,1209,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC2C7FED3B102DCE" box="[925,1027,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as golden buffy striated and long dorsal hairs, and dorsal disheveled hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD6FFE5FF767E423BFC2CE0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Hoffmannsegg (1807: 102) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FD337E413C552C2C" box="[642,838,1301,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FD337E413C552C2C" box="[642,838,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Saguinus ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on material from vicinity of Belém, eastern Tocantins River, State of Pará: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FDAE7E6E3D702C53" box="[543,611,1337,1362]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AFBF3FFD6FFE5FDAE7E6E3D702C53" box="[543,611,1337,1362]" name="Niger" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, labio fisso, auribus amplis nudis subtriangularibus, dorso posteriore hypochondriisque ferrugineis maculato-virgatis”. Four
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD6FFE5FCA07E093C652C77" box="[785,886,1374,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, one juvenile male, two adult females and one juvenile female are housed at Zoologisches Museum Berlin (N. Lange, pers. com.). What name should be applied to black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FF467EF23E5F2CBF" box="[247,332,1445,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamarin">tamarin</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in the east bank of Tocantins River for long was disputed, whether “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FB0D7EF23A1D2CBC" box="[1212,1294,1445,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FB0D7EF23A1D2CBC" box="[1212,1294,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” or “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FAFD7EF13A942CBC" box="[1356,1415,1446,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FAFD7EF13A942CBC" box="[1356,1415,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; More recently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FE8D7E9E3E802CE0" box="[316,403,1481,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FE8D7E9E3E802CE0" box="[316,403,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was accepted (Groves, 2001, 2005, Gregorin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC247E9D3CD42CE0" box="[917,967,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010, Paglia
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FBD67E9D3B8A2CE0" box="[1127,1177,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD6FFE5FF767EBA3BB22FB8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Thomas (1922) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FE587EB93D7E2F04" box="[489,621,1517,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FE587EB93D7E2F04" box="[489,621,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cametá, western portion of Tocantins River, and he referred to it as a darker subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FE207D453EF22F28" box="[401,481,1554,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FE207D453EF22F28" box="[401,481,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Mystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FDB67D463D7F2F29" box="[519,620,1553,1576]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FDB67D463D7F2F29" box="[519,620,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Saguinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FDCD7D463DDD2F28" box="[636,718,1553,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FDCD7D463DDD2F28" box="[636,718,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was known to occur on the east bank of the Tocantins River: “Similar in essential characters to Pará
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FDFC7D623D8C2F4C" box="[589,671,1589,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FDFC7D623D8C2F4C" box="[589,671,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but darker throughout...” (Thomas 1922: 265). As mentioned, more recently the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FEC27D0E3ED72F70" box="[371,452,1625,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FEC27D0E3ED72F70" box="[371,452,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” has been abandoned and the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FCDC7D0D3CB42F70" box="[877,935,1626,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FCDC7D0D3CB42F70" box="[877,935,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” has been used to present.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FB6C7D0E3E132F94" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ursulus" subSpecies="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FB6C7D0E3E132F94" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Saguinus ursulus umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized as a subspecies since its description and its validity until the 1970´s (Cruz Lima 1945, Hill 1945, Carvalho 1960) when it was synonymized by Hershkovitz (1977) under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FC4C7DF63B892FB8" box="[1021,1178,1697,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="midas" subSpecies="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC4C7DF63B892FB8" box="[1021,1178,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. midas niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD6FFE5FF767D913CF62ED8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FF767D913E802FDC" box="[199,403,1734,1757]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="midas" subSpecies="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FF767D913E802FDC" box="[199,403,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">Saguinus m. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was subsequently ranked as a species (Groves
|
||
<date id="FFF39DA3FFD6FFE5FC1B7D913B462FDF" box="[938,1109,1733,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" value="2001" valueMax="2005">2001 and 2005</date>
|
||
, Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FB2F7D913BDC2FDC" box="[1182,1231,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001, Rylands
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FA397D913FBE2E00" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012) based on morphological (Hershkovitz 1977, Natori & Hanihara 1988), cytogenetic (Nagamachi
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FAD07DBD3A862E00" box="[1377,1429,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990), biochemical and molecular evidences (Tagliaro
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FCB67C593C292E24" box="[775,826,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005, Vallinoto
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC4E7C593B212E24" box="[1023,1074,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006), and also due to the fact that the ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FEC77C663EC92E48" box="[374,474,1841,1865]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FEC77C663EC92E48" box="[374,474,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FDAD7C663D6B2E48" box="[540,632,1841,1865]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FDAD7C663D6B2E48" box="[540,632,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separated by the Amazonas River. The species was considered monotypic and occurring from east bank of Xingu River to Amazonian forest in State of Maranhão. Hershkovitz (1977) concluded that “The differences in the color and banding of saddle, evident in our material from east and west of the Tocantins, are too slight and broadly overlapping to merit taxonomic recognition” (p.717). Thus, the names “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FF437C963E562ED8" box="[242,325,1985,2009]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FF437C963E562ED8" box="[242,325,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FE257C963EED2ED8" box="[404,510,1985,2009]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FE257C963EED2ED8" box="[404,510,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are presently junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD6FFE5FC397C963CCD2ED8" box="[904,990,1985,2009]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC397C963C852ED9" box="[904,918,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD6FFE5FC157C953CCD2ED8" box="[932,990,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="177">niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD5FFE6FF767BCF3C7F2841" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">
|
||
In order to solve the problem of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD5FFE6FD8D7BCF3D7F29B1" box="[572,620,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and type-locality which the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FBB57BCF3B2C29AE" box="[1028,1087,152,175]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FBB57BCF3B2C29AE" box="[1028,1087,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is bearing, Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FABE7BCE3A5229B1" box="[1295,1345,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001) designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD5FFE6FE987BEA3E9129D4" box="[297,386,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(AMNH 96500) from Cametá, western bank of Tocantins River. This designation was pivotal to consider, at least,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FE397BB63D5E29F9" box="[392,589,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FE397BB63D5E29F9" box="[392,589,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">Mystax umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FCE97BB73CA329F6" box="[856,944,224,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FCE97BB73CA329F6" box="[856,944,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the names “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FB247BB73BC329F6" box="[1173,1232,224,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FB247BB73BC329F6" box="[1173,1232,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FA977BB73A9C29F9" box="[1318,1423,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FA977BB73A9C29F9" box="[1318,1423,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” presently refer to populations occurring on left side of Tocantins River, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FBBD7A533B4D281D" box="[1036,1118,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FBBD7A533B4D281D" box="[1036,1118,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is the oldest and available name to refer to the populations on east bank of Tocantins River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32EBEBFFD5FFE6FF267E063E1E2C84" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223030/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[169,1416,392,1325]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD5FFE6FF267E063E1E2C84" blockId="6.[151,1436,1361,1413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FF267E063E002C67" bold="true" box="[151,275,1361,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FE097E053D0E2C66" box="[440,541,1361,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FE097E053D0E2C66" box="[440,541,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(squares),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FD3F7E053DCE2C66" box="[654,733,1362,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FD3F7E053DCE2C66" box="[654,733,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(circles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FCC07E053CD42C66" box="[881,967,1361,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FCC07E053CD42C66" box="[881,967,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles). For the gazetteer of localities, see appendix 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD5FFE6FF767EE53D272E32" blockId="6.[151,1436,1458,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">
|
||
Results of the present study disagree with Hershkovitz´s (1977) appraisal. Specimens occurring on each bank of the Tocantins River have a discrete pattern of pelage coloration and no variation was recorded. Comparing samples from both sides of Tocantins River,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FD237EAC3C122F13" box="[658,769,1530,1554]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FD237EAC3C122F13" box="[658,769,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FB317EAC3BCB2F13" box="[1152,1240,1531,1554]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FB317EAC3BCB2F13" box="[1152,1240,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following qualitative characteristics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD5FFE6FE777D493D1F2F36" box="[454,524,1566,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal pelage coloration pattern in Saguinus midas group: A— S. midas (AMNH 14845), B— S. ursulus (AMNH 96481), C— S. niger (AMNH 96499). Note some diagnostics characters in S. ursulus, such as golden buffy striated and long dorsal hairs, and dorsal disheveled hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223029/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): 1) striated hairs usually extend from the scapular region to the base of the tail, and only a narrow proximal portion of the thighs, rarely reaching the knees (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FBE17D143BB82F5B" box="[1104,1195,1603,1626]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FBE17D143BB82F5B" box="[1104,1195,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the agouti hairs are distributed from the mid-dorsum, from the sub-scapular region, and usually extending to the lumbar region, thighs and knee portions, but rarely reach the base of the tail), 2) the intermediary stripe of agouti hairs is brilliant golden buffy (it is dark and opaque ochraceous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FDC47DF83DDF2FC7" box="[629,716,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FDC47DF83DDF2FC7" box="[629,716,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 3) the length of the intermediary stripe is about 5.0–5.5 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FF267D843E192FEB" box="[151,266,1746,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FF267D843E192FEB" box="[151,266,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FE8E7D843E882FEB" box="[319,411,1747,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FE8E7D843E882FEB" box="[319,411,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is shorter, 4.0 mm), 4) dorsal hairs present irregular directions, disheveled (they are homogeneously parallel and posteriorly directed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FD6A7DA03C202E0F" box="[731,819,1783,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FD6A7DA03C202E0F" box="[731,819,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and 5) face, hands and fingers are not notably haired in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FF057C4C3E312E33" box="[180,290,1818,1842]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FF057C4C3E312E33" box="[180,290,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(it is haired in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FE7D7C4C3D302E33" box="[460,547,1819,1842]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FE7D7C4C3D302E33" box="[460,547,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD5FFE6FF767C683E632EE6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1458,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FEBA7C683E782E57" box="[267,363,1854,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FEBA7C683E782E57" box="[267,363,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FEC87C683EFB2E57" box="[377,488,1854,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FEC87C683EFB2E57" box="[377,488,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD5FFE6FC9F7C693C612E56" box="[814,882,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal pelage coloration pattern in Saguinus midas group: A— S. midas (AMNH 14845), B— S. ursulus (AMNH 96481), C— S. niger (AMNH 96499). Note some diagnostics characters in S. ursulus, such as golden buffy striated and long dorsal hairs, and dorsal disheveled hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223029/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) in presenting 1) blackish hairs on the hands and feet (they are orange to ochraceous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FDF17C343D8D2E7B" box="[576,670,1890,1914]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FDF17C343D8D2E7B" box="[576,670,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 2) the intermediary stripe of dorsal hairs is bright and golden buffy (it is pale ochraceous to light grayish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FDE57CD03DA12E9F" box="[596,690,1926,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FDE57CD03DA12E9F" box="[596,690,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 3) the intermediary dorsal stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FBE17CD03BAC2E9F" box="[1104,1215,1926,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FBE17CD03BAC2E9F" box="[1104,1215,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 5.0–5.5 mm (it is shorter, 2.5–3.2 mm, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FE107CFC3D132EC3" box="[417,512,1962,1986]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FE107CFC3D132EC3" box="[417,512,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and 3) the striated hairs reach to knees, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD5FFE6FB817CFC3B9C2EC3" box="[1072,1167,1962,1986]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD5FFE6FB817CFC3B9C2EC3" box="[1072,1167,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="178">S. midas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they extend posteriorly, reaching the shank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD4FFE7FF767BC03E0C28D1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Thus, considering current criteria for the definition of species based on unique characters to delimit more inclusive groups (Cracraft 1983, Pinna 1999, Wiley & Lieberman 2011), the morphological divergence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD4FFE7FAF67BEB3A9F29D5" box="[1351,1420,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1024,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1011,1705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plots of scores for second and third components from Principal Component Analysis. Stars: S. midas; Open triangles: S. niger; Filled squares: S. ursulus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the disjunct distribution of the two phenotypes, separated by the Tocantins River (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1376A7E6FFD4FFE7FBEF7B883BB029F9" box="[1118,1187,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1157]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal pelage coloration pattern in Saguinus midas group: A— S. midas (AMNH 14845), B— S. ursulus (AMNH 96481), C— S. niger (AMNH 96499). Note some diagnostics characters in S. ursulus, such as golden buffy striated and long dorsal hairs, and dorsal disheveled hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223029/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FA367BB73FF9281D" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FA367BB73FF9281D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is necessary to better express the evolutionary diversity of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FBA87A533B6C281A" box="[1049,1151,260,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FBA87A533B6C281A" box="[1049,1151,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">Saguinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, these results corroborate with the genetic divergence revealed by Vallinoto
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FCE27A7E3C972841" box="[851,900,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006), and contribute to our understanding of biogeographical patterns and their recent evolution in the Amazon (Haffer 1992, Goldani
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FB237A1A3BD02865" box="[1170,1219,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006, Ribas
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FAD27A1A3A862865" box="[1379,1429,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012), with the differentiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FDA17A273D6D2889" box="[528,638,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FDA17A273D6D2889" box="[528,638,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">S. ursulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FD077A273C1E2886" box="[694,781,368,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FD077A273C1E2886" box="[694,781,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in accordance with the robust biogeographical hypothesis which identifies the Belém and Xingu centers of diversity as drivers of speciation in the eastern Amazon (see Ribas
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FF267AEE3FDB28D1" box="[151,200,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD4FFE7FF2679733E612B3C" blockId="7.[151,370,548,573]" box="[151,370,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FF2679733E612B3C" bold="true" box="[151,370,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">Acknowledgments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2BB63FFD4FFE7FF26793A3D4C2A81" blockId="7.[151,1436,620,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">
|
||
We thank the curators that allowed us to examine the material under their care: Luiz Flamarion de Oliveira (MNRJ), José de Souza e Silva Júnior (MPEG), Bruce D. Patterson (FMNH), and Robert S. Voss (AMNH). We are most grateful to José de Souza e Silva Júnior for making available the many unpublished records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FB4879E33A432BCD" box="[1273,1360,692,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Sagouin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FB4879E33A432BCD" box="[1273,1360,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FA3679E33E122BF1" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Mystax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FA3679E33E122BF1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">S. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35AFBF3FFD4FFE7FEF779803EA12BF1" box="[326,434,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">the States</collectingCountry>
|
||
of Pará and Maranhão, and Elisandra A. Chiquito for drawing the map. We kindly thank to Alexandre R. Percequillo, Anthony B. Rylands, and Robert S. Voss, for their valuable suggestions on the text and about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4DC0E0FFD4FFE7FEA278773E692A36" box="[275,378,800,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Callitrichidae" genus="Saguinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9396771FFD4FFE7FEA278773E692A36" box="[275,378,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">Saguinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxonomy. We are in debt and thank very much Eileen Westwig (AMNH) and Nora Lang (ZMB) for assistance and in providing information about
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F605C1FFD4FFE7FCAD78123C5F2A5C" box="[796,844,837,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="179">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and old literature. This study has supported of CNPq (process number 555491/2009-9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |