549 lines
152 KiB
XML
549 lines
152 KiB
XML
<document id="12C95121D67969F153756982A928FAD9" ID-CLB-Dataset="276645" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd82b0c4-dad8-4049-9c86-fdad0cc49b78" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443690" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630456186950" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rahman, Imran A & Zamora, Samuel" docDate="2009" docId="03D8C343FF8E8A3EFECFF93DFDD2FB2D" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Protocinctus Rahman & Zamora 2009, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="427" masterDocId="FFE1BB3BFF8C8A39FFC1FFDBFF82FFBC" masterDocTitle="The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="420" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1699290124309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="9B60FF6B0C992995E5AFC0E84244A182" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7EE7E05D630BF9459EE9C6E367CC278E">
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<mods:title id="7E96ECEBC566693EBD0EE09AAECFB3C5">The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DECF7A96D112377E1D50E0CBFB2BF59E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="79BE5A3A522C3E1B2EAA826EE44BCE5C">Rahman, Imran A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E2D32947CDDE373A01BFDA74A81B0195" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="28EBFD1F206D715BEE4FEB943B2B0323">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="68151EE9F65FC9C5416200A5B488740D">Zamora, Samuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C86BA2571191FD29BEA758137F79E8EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2BB687CF6CA56FBC9205F3859323DA76">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8838CB64393F3E908C411FD7511C8B9E">
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<mods:date id="91170C4ACD676B0482C12B496C17639B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4A90B3F684BD97ECD5C6874C805FC735" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E65FDC9A75F557492865AC859BDD6076">2009-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DD2989A3146CD7A3427EB33F165F55A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ED85DA6099839FD380632104D0BCF5AE">157</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A84AA7EDD7CFD2ABD4CD98C885E589E8">420</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="B03D2607D2FAB139B68276FB2F008CA6">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0E38452079A0FE2EAE28DD3D75D87669">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="27FEE8E6D5DBFDD19560FD1E99F6DFE8" type="CLB-Dataset">276645</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A1D4C096DF13D7EFBF672F5F3E0E076D" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="302C66DCCADE59A0A979BEC22C2B8D96" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D8C343FF8E8A3EFECFF93DFDD2FB2D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217238442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8C343FF8E8A3EFECFF93DFDD2FB2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8C343FF8E8A3EFECFF93DFDD2FB2D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<subSubSection id="C36B21DEFF8E8A3BFECFF93DFD69F89E" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFECFF93DFD23F947" blockId="2.[270,673,1766,1787]" box="[270,673,1766,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<heading id="D086C539FF8E8A3BFECFF93DFD23F947" box="[270,673,1766,1787]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" reason="2">
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GENUS
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<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8E8A3BFEA6F93DFD9CF946" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[359,542,1766,1787]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">PROTOCINCTUS</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8E8A3BFDE9F932FD23F947" box="[552,673,1766,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFDE9F932FDDAF946" bold="true" box="[552,600,1769,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">GEN</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFDABF932FD18F946" bold="true" box="[618,666,1769,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">NOV</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFF65F8D6FD69F89E" blockId="2.[164,747,1803,1826]" box="[164,747,1803,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFF65F8D6FE0BF89E" box="[164,393,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">Derivation of name:</emphasis>
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Greek,
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFE28F8D6FDACF89E" box="[489,558,1805,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">protos</emphasis>
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(first) + cinctus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B21DEFF8E8A3EFF65F8E0FDD2FB2D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFF65F8E0FCF2FA49" blockId="2.[164,779,1850,1903]" lastBlockId="2.[826,1441,1288,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFF65F8E0FE99F8EC" box="[164,283,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Relatively elongate, oval-shaped theca composed of ten marginal plates (M5r–M4l). Single and long left marginal groove, extending from M1r to M
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<specimenCount id="9D77B9DCFF8E8A3BFC99FAFCFCECFA81" box="[856,878,1319,1341]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" type="generic">1l.</specimenCount>
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Lintel composed of three suropercular plates. Supraoral plate boot-shaped. Anterior right embayment formed by M0, M1r, and M2r. Weakly developed ventral swellings on the lower surfaces of M0, M1r, and M2r. Marginal frame open in posterior ventral aspect, with an intercalated plate between M4l and M5r.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFCB8F9EBFAE0F9F9" blockId="2.[889,1378,1584,1638]" box="[889,1378,1584,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8E8A3BFCB8F9EBFB71F9F8" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[889,1267,1584,1605]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="425" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mansillaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">PROTOCINCTUS MANSILLAENSIS</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8E8A3BFB3CF9E8FAE0F9F9" box="[1277,1378,1584,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFB3CF9E8FA9BF9F8" bold="true" box="[1277,1305,1587,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">SP</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFAEBF9E8FAD8F9F8" bold="true" box="[1322,1370,1587,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">NOV</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFBF1F98BFB29F9DA" blockId="2.[889,1378,1584,1638]" box="[1072,1195,1616,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8E8A3BFBF8F98BFB07F9D9" box="[1081,1157,1616,1637]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">FIGS 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8E8A3BFB55F98BFB20F9DA" box="[1172,1186,1616,1638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFCFBF9ACFB46F917" blockId="2.[826,1441,1654,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFCFBF9ACFBA5F930" box="[826,1063,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">Derivation of name:</emphasis>
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After the Mansilla Formation, where the material was collected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFCFBF902FA96F952" blockId="2.[826,1300,1752,1774]" box="[826,1300,1752,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFCFBF902FC33F952" box="[826,945,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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As for the genus (monotypic).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8E8A3BFCFBF8C7FC78F8D3" blockId="2.[826,1441,1820,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation id="3B197808FF8E8A3BFCFBF8C7FC78F8D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435729301" collectionCode="MPZ" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="MPZ2004" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8E8A3BFCFBF8C7FC26F88D" box="[826,932,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">
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<typeStatus id="54CACCF7FF8E8A3BFCFBF8C7FC1CF88D" box="[826,926,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8E8A3BFC6CF8C7FB9EF88D" box="[941,1052,1820,1841]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
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/170 (
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<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8E8A3BFB9AF8C7FB69F88D" box="[1115,1259,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="422">Fig. 4A–G, J</figureCitation>
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): a fully articulated specimen preserved as recrystallized calcite in a siltstone matrix.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFCE7FF1DFC60FE6D" blockId="3.[806,1421,198,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFCE7FF1DFC2CFF67" box="[806,942,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Description:</emphasis>
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In the following description the orientation and plate notation follows that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8F8A3AFAE2FF3FFCF2FEA5" author="Friedrich WP" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" pagination="3 - 190" refId="ref8509" refString="Friedrich WP. 1993. Systematik und Funktionsmorphologie mittelkambrischer Cincta (Carpoidea, Echinodermata). Beringeria 7: 3 - 190." type="journal article" year="1993">Friedrich (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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, with the marginal plates abbreviated as M (
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<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFCEFFEF9FCF2FE84" box="[814,880,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The anterior medial marginal plate is termed M0, and the other marginal plates are numbered sequentially around the margin (anterior to posterior) as M1l, M1r, M2l, M2r, etc., with l and r indicating their location to the left or right of M0 in dorsal aspect (
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<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFC41FE60FC54FE6D" box="[896,982,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFCFEFE01FB55FC83" blockId="3.[806,1421,198,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8F8A3AFCFEFE01FC49FE53" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[831,971,474,495]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFCFEFE01FC49FE53" box="[831,971,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B197808FF8F8A3AFC19FE01FB53FC83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435729302" collectionCode="MPZ" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" specimenCode="MPZ2004" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8F8A3AFC19FE01FBC3FE53" box="[984,1089,474,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is composed of an anterior theca (body) and a posterior stele (appendage). The theca is flat (at least four times wider than thick), with a frame of ten marginal plates (the cinctus) enclosing the dorsal and ventral plated surfaces (the supracentral and infracentral integuments) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFA81FDA9FA05FD3B" box="[1344,1415,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFCE7FD4AFCB4FD1B" box="[806,822,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oval-shaped theca is longer than it is wide. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CACCF7FF8F8A3AFCA1FD74FC43FD79" box="[864,961,687,709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8F8A3AFC1FFD6BFBCCFD7A" box="[990,1102,688,710]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170) it is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFCE7FD15FCF6FD5F" box="[806,884,718,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with a maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFAFEFD15FA0FFD5F" box="[1343,1421,718,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFCEFFD36FC32FCBE" box="[814,944,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other specimens are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFCE7FCD0FC1FFC9D" box="[806,925,779,801]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFB89FCD0FB4FFC9D" box="[1096,1229,779,801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width, with a mean length to width ratio of 1.6: 1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E22DDFF8F8A3AFF51FAC5FE10FA1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443694/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" startId="3.[144,223,1310,1329]" targetBox="[227,673,198,1280]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFF51FAC5FE10FA1B" blockId="3.[144,759,1310,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFF51FAC5FF7AFA8D" bold="true" box="[144,248,1310,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Stratigraphic section of the Mesones Group in Purujosa village (type horizon marked by a schematic diagram of
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFEECFA82FF6EFA35" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8F8A3AFEECFA82FDFEFAD0" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[301,636,1369,1388]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mansillaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFEECFA82FDFEFAD0" bold="true" box="[301,636,1369,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Protocinctus mansillaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8F8A3AFD57FA82FF6EFA35" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Abbreviations: Caesar, Caesaraugustian; VD., Valdemiedes Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFF51FA09FD5AF93C" blockId="3.[144,759,1490,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFF51FA09FEE0FA5B" box="[144,354,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
MPZ2004/171, MPZ2004/172 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFF59FA2BFF72F9BA" box="[152,240,1520,1542]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
), MPZ2007/2476, MPZ2007/2477 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFD5CFA2BFD6BF9BA" box="[669,745,1520,1542]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
), and MPZ2007/2478: nearly complete articulated specimens. Specimens are housed in the Área y Museo de Paleontología, Universidad de Zaragoza (MPZ). Virtual data sets are available on request.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFF51F97EFF6AF944" blockId="3.[144,759,1701,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFF51F97EFEA6F906" box="[144,292,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
Borraca Creek,
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFE1CF97EFD97F907" box="[477,533,1701,1723]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
south-east of Purujosa village, in the northern part of the Iberian Chains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFF51F8C7FDD8F8D2" blockId="3.[144,758,1820,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFF51F8C7FEB0F88D" box="[144,306,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Type horizon:</emphasis>
|
||
Early Middle Cambrian (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), Upper Leonian, Mansilla Formation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8F8A3AFF0CF882FDD8F8D2" authority="Zone." box="[205,602,1881,1902]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Eccaparadoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asturianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFF0CF882FD90F8D2" box="[205,530,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Eccaparadoxides asturianus</emphasis>
|
||
Zone.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFCE7FCBCFB51FB71" blockId="3.[806,1421,871,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFCE7FCBCFC01FCC0" box="[806,899,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Orifices:</emphasis>
|
||
Two openings are preserved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8F8A3AFAC0FCB3FA0FFCC1" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[1281,1421,872,893]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFAC0FCB3FA0FFCC1" box="[1281,1421,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8F8A3AFCE7FC5DFC0EFC27" box="[806,908,902,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The first is a small circular aperture in the anterior right corner of the cinctus (best preserved in MPZ2004/170, and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFB05FC18FA9BFC64" box="[1220,1305,963,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) that occurs between M1r and M2r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFB36FC3AFAD3FC4B" box="[1271,1361,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFA9CFC39FA03FC44" box="[1373,1409,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is bounded dorsally by the boot-shaped supraoral plate (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFBE6FBC4FBEAFB88" box="[1063,1128,1055,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFAE9FBC4FAEBFB88" box="[1320,1385,1055,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; MPZ2007/2477), which articulates with the inner dorsal surfaces of M1r and M2r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFB21FB87FAB8FBCD" box="[1248,1338,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFA87FB87FCB3FB2C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4A, D, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single left marginal groove covered by multiple sets of small plates (the labrum, Sdzuy, 1993) leads into this opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFC3FFB63FBD5FB71" box="[1022,1111,1208,1230]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBA7FB63FB47FB71" box="[1126,1221,1208,1229]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4C, D, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3AFCFEFB0DFB13F948" blockId="3.[806,1421,871,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B197808FF8F8A3AFCFEFB0DFB0FF948" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435729303" collectionCode="MPZ" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" specimenCode="MPZ2004" specimenCount="1">
|
||
The second opening is also anterior but is much larger, being approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFBBAFB2EFB52FAB6" box="[1147,1232,1269,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8F8A3AFCE7FACFFC17FA95" box="[806,917,1300,1321]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFC19FAC8FBDBFA95" box="[984,1113,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBABFACFFB31FA95" box="[1130,1203,1300,1321]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
): it is termed the porta (Sdzuy, 1993). The porta penetrates the marginal frame coincidently with the midline, is covered dorsally by a large rounded plate (the operculum;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFAEEFAB4FCB8FA1F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFC8FFA55FB81FA18" box="[846,1027,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4A, C, D, G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is bounded ventrally and laterally by M0, M
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77B9DCFF8F8A3AFC3EFA77FB97FA7E" box="[1023,1045,1452,1474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" type="generic">1l.</specimenCount>
|
||
and M1r, which give the opening a concave lower border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBFBFA10FB37FA5C" box="[1082,1205,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFB00FA10FA86FA5C" box="[1217,1284,1483,1504]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper posterior margin of the opening is delimited by three large polygonal plates from the supracentral integument (the lintel;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFC2FF9FCFBEBF980" box="[1006,1129,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBB9F9FCFB37F980" box="[1144,1205,1575,1596]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8F8A3AFB31F9FCFADCF980" box="[1264,1374,1575,1596]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170 the operculum measures approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFAD3F99EFAE5F9E7" box="[1298,1383,1605,1627]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8F8A3AFC66F9BFFC7EF9C5" box="[935,1020,1636,1657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="423" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum anterior width, filling the anterior of the porta. It is bowl-shaped, with a flat to concave dorsal surface and a convex ventral one. At its posterior margin the operculum articulates with all three lintel plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBC5F905FBDFF94F" box="[1028,1117,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBABF905FB06F948" box="[1130,1156,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">4I</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8F8A3DFCE7F8C7FDDBF948" blockId="3.[806,1422,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="4.[164,779,1238,1903]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8F8A3AFCE7F8C7FC01F88D" box="[806,899,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Cinctus:</emphasis>
|
||
The cinctus or marginal frame is composed of the following plates: M0, M1l, M2l, M3l, M4l, M1r, M2r, M3r, M4r, and M5r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8F8A3AFBA4F882FB5DF8D2" box="[1125,1247,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="423">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). These plates confer a rigid structure to the animal. Marginal plates are subtriangular in cross section: the lower surface of the frame is wide and flat or slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFF6DFAE9FEA1FAFB" box="[172,291,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the upper surface is thin and strongly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFEB5FA8AFE71FADB" box="[372,499,1361,1383]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). On their inner faces plates are strongly concave, and their outer faces are gently curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFE8EFA55FE25FA18" box="[335,423,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral swellings in the marginal plates are greatly reduced compared with those seen in other cinctans.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF888A3DFE6DFA17FDBAFA5D" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[428,568,1484,1505]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="4" pageNumber="424" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF888A3DFE6DFA17FDBAFA5D" box="[428,568,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF888A3DFD81FA10FD26FA5C" box="[576,676,1483,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has only one indistinct swelling, located in the ventral surfaces of M0, M1r, and M2r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFE08F9D3FDA1F9A1" box="[457,547,1544,1566]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFDF6F9D3FDDBF9A2" box="[567,601,1544,1566]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); this is most obvious in larger individuals. Dorsal and ventral furrows run continuously along the inside of the cinctus, close to the upper and lower borders of the frame (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFF3DF958FED5F924" box="[252,343,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFEA8F958FE31F925" box="[361,435,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). These furrows presumably acted as insertions for the supracentral and infracentral integuments. The inner junctions between the marginal plates were apparently flat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E22DDFF888A3DFF65FBCCFEF4FB23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424" startId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" targetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF888A3DFF65FBCCFEF4FB23" blockId="4.[164,1441,1047,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF888A3DFF65FBCCFC8BFB96" bold="true" box="[164,777,1047,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF888A3DFED8FBCCFDD4FB96" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[281,598,1047,1066]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="4" pageNumber="424" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mansillaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF888A3DFED8FBCCFDD4FB96" bold="true" box="[281,598,1047,1066]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Protocinctus mansillaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF888A3DFD9CFBCCFC8BFB96" box="[605,777,1047,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF888A3DFF7DF926FC7CFAFB" blockId="4.[164,779,1238,1903]" lastBlockId="4.[826,1441,1238,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">
|
||
At the anterior of the cinctus, M0 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFDA4F926FC84F8AE" box="[613,774,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFF65F8C7FF6EF88D" box="[164,236,1820,1841]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) articulates with M1l and M1r, forming the floor of the porta. It is subrectangular in outline and longer than it is wide, with a length to width ratio of approximately 1.5: 1. A distinct groove is present in the anterior margin of M0, occupying almost one half of the anterior plate height: this is part of the left marginal groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF888A3DFC92FA8AFB94F8AE" blockId="4.[826,1441,1238,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Both M1l and M1r possess dorsal articulation facets and portions of the marginal groove. M1l is curved in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFBC9FA55FB07FA1F" box="[1032,1157,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFB55FA55FB5AFA1F" box="[1172,1240,1422,1443]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and articulates rigidly with M0 and M2l, but more flexibly with the infracentral integument and the lintel. The length of the plate is approximately twice the width, with the width decreasing in the posterior of the plate. The marginal groove occurs on the anterior margin of the plate, but weakens and then disappears completely as the plate curves laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFBBFF9BFFB7DF9C5" box="[1150,1279,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFAD1F9BFFAB6F9C6" box="[1296,1332,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the dorsal inner surface of M1l, the articulation facet occurs at almost one half of the distance from the anterior margin of the plate; this was likely to have been an articulation surface with lintel plate 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFC83F926FC3CF8AE" box="[834,958,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFC0CF926FB8AF8AE" box="[973,1032,1789,1810]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF888A3FFC92F8C7FF54FDB2" blockId="4.[826,1441,1238,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[164,779,198,1260]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">
|
||
M1r is similar to M0 in ventral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFA82F8C7FA1EF88D" box="[1347,1436,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF888A3DFCFBF8E1FCDEF8EC" box="[826,860,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="424">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
): approximately equal in width, but greater in length (length of M0 approximately 0.8 times the length of M1r). It articulates with M2r, M0, the supraoral plate, infracentral plates, and the lintel (as in M1l, articulations are rigid with plates from the cinctus, and loose with other plates). The lateral margin of M1r is strongly concave where the marginal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE8BFE84FE21FEC8" box="[330,419,351,373]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE74FE84FE55FEC9" box="[437,471,351,373]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) leads into the right circular aperture (located just below the right articulation facet). The articulation facet on M1r was for lintel plate 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE6AFE60FDA5FE6C" box="[427,551,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFDF4FE60FDF2FE6C" box="[565,624,443,464]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
): it occurs in the same plane as the facet on M1l and is similar in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E22DDFF898A3CFF51F9C3FC3AF88F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="425" startId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" targetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF898A3CFF51F9C3FC3AF88F" blockId="5.[144,1421,1560,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF898A3CFF51F9C3FC9CF990" bold="true" box="[144,798,1560,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="425">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF898A3CFEC5F9C2FDC8F997" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[260,586,1560,1580]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="5" pageNumber="425" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mansillaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF898A3CFEC5F9C2FDC8F997" bold="true" box="[260,586,1560,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="425">Protocinctus mansillaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF898A3CFD98F9C2FC9CF990" box="[601,798,1561,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="425" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3FFF7DFDCDFE5AFC20" blockId="6.[164,779,198,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
The anterior right corner of the cinctus (M0, M1r, and M2r) curves at a greater angle than the left corner (approximately 60 ° on the right, and 40 ° on the left), forming the diagnostic anterior right embayment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFF2FFD4AFECAFD1A" box="[238,328,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE95FD4AFEF5FD1B" box="[340,375,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The inner anterior margin of M2r is strongly incised where the circular aperture occurs, giving the plate a concave shape similar to the lateral margin of M1r. In other respects it is similar to M2l, M3l, M3r, and M4r, which have a near identical elongate shape. Plates on the left of the frame are longer than those on the right (length to posterior width ratio approximately 3: 1 on the left, and 2.5: 1 on the right;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE80FC5DFE19FC27" box="[321,411,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE68FC5DFE4EFC20" box="[425,460,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3FFF7DFC7FFD17FB50" blockId="6.[164,779,198,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
M4l and M5r comprise the posterior of the cinctus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFF6DFC18FEAFFC64" box="[172,301,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE81FC18FE51FC64" box="[320,467,963,984]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A, B, G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). They possess the same general shape, being less elongate than the other cinctus plates. Posterior portions of both plates decrease in width (to approximately two thirds the width of anterior parts), giving a relatively narrow posterior margin. The cinctus is open in ventral aspect, with a single intercalated plate inserted between plates M4l and M5r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE3FFB42FDD5FB12" box="[510,599,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFDA5FB42FD00FB13" box="[612,642,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4J</figureCitation>
|
||
). This plate is polygonal, with a pentagonal outline (
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFD53FB63FD65FB71" box="[658,743,1208,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFEEAFB0DFEEEFB50" box="[299,364,1238,1260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; MPZ2004/170).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3FFF65FAE8FD23F8D3" blockId="6.[164,779,1330,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFF65FAE8FEB5FAF4" box="[164,311,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Integuments:</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal (supracentral) and ventral (infracentral) integuments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFE27FA8AFDE3FADA" box="[486,609,1361,1383]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFDAEFA8AFD57FADB" box="[623,725,1361,1383]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A, B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) are made up of numerous polygonal plates, which confer a tessellate structure to the theca. The integuments were inserted into the furrows close to the upper and lower borders of the cinctus during life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFDB5FA10FD4CFA5C" box="[628,718,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFD1AFA10FD7DFA5D" box="[731,767,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The integument plates lack external ornamentation, and are typically pentagonal-shaped in marginal areas, and hexagonal in the centre. The infracentral integument is composed of approximately 75–100 plates, a much lower number than the supracentral integument (plate number uncertain). The plates are quite homogeneous in size, with the infracentral plates approximately two or three times the size of the supracentral plates. A cone-shaped depression, which narrows posteriorly, occurs in the central interior portion of the infracentral integument (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFD69F8C7FD7DF88E" box="[680,767,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
): this measures approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFDCBF8E1FDDAF8EC" box="[522,600,1850,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFF65F882FF7BF8D2" box="[164,249,1881,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum width (MPZ2004/170).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3FFCFBFF1DFC32FCBF" blockId="6.[826,1441,198,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFCFBFF1DFB23FF67" box="[826,1185,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
Marginal grooves:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFBD4FF1DFB23FF67" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[1045,1185,198,219]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Protocinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B197808FF8A8A3FFB6DFF1DFC2EFCBF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435729304" collectionCode="MPZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" specimenCode="MPZ2004" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8A8A3FFB6DFF1DFA91FF67" box="[1196,1299,198,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
possesses a single left marginal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFB59FF3FFA98FF46" box="[1176,1306,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFAECFF3EFAD3FF47" box="[1325,1361,229,251]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is horizontally oriented, running from the anterior right opening along the exterior of the cinctus, and terminating around halfway along the length of M
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77B9DCFF8A8A3FFA94FE9BFAE9FEEA" box="[1365,1387,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" type="generic">1l.</specimenCount>
|
||
The groove is at its maximum size where it enters the anterior right opening (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFAE3FEA5FAF5FE2F" box="[1314,1399,382,403]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8A8A3FFC50FE47FB86FE0E" box="[913,1028,412,434]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170). It decreases in size left of this, and maintains a relatively constant height of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFC54FE02FC7AFE53" box="[917,1016,473,495]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8A8A3FFBCDFE02FBFEFE53" box="[1036,1148,473,495]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170) across M0 and the anterior of M1l, before it ends abruptly. The total length of the groove is approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFB26FDCDFAA9FD90" box="[1255,1323,534,556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. As briefly mentioned above, the groove is covered by numerous small plates that collectively form a structure termed the labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFC11FDA9FBE0FD34" box="[976,1122,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Fig. 4A, C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The plates that comprise the labrum are small (approximately 0.4–0.6-mm wide;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8A8A3FFCBEFD74FC6DFD79" box="[895,1007,687,709]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170) and polygonal. The organization of individual plates comprising this structure is uncertain
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3FFCFBFCF1FB29FA1F" blockId="6.[826,1441,810,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFCFBFCF1FB84FC83" box="[826,1030,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Appendage (stele):</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B197808FF8A8A3FFBCCFCF1FB25FA1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435729305" collectionCode="MPZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" specimenCode="MPZ2004" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The stele is most completely known in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CACCF7FF8A8A3FFC50FC93FC70FCE2" box="[913,1010,840,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD7DA2EFF8A8A3FFBC6FC93FBFBFCE2" box="[1031,1145,840,862]" collectionCode="MPZ" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3qqn-wszm" name="Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">MPZ2004</specimenCode>
|
||
/170), where it measures approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C89DFB0FF8A8A3FFC29FCBCFBBFFCC0" box="[1000,1085,871,893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and forms an angle of approximately 145 ° with M4l and M5r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFAE2FC5DFA1EFC27" box="[1315,1436,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFCFBFC7FFC03FC06" box="[826,897,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of stele length to theca length is approximately 1: 2.5. The stele is composed of lateral pairs of polygonal-shaped sphenoids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFB2CFC3AFAEBFC4B" box="[1261,1385,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFAB6FC3AFA16FC4B" box="[1399,1428,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4J</figureCitation>
|
||
), with diamond-shaped mesosphenoids inserted centrally in alternate pairs of sphenoids. The size of the stele plates decreases posteriorly. On the ventral surface, the cinctus articulates with two large, elongate sphenoids, and a single intercalated plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFC83FB42FC1EFB12" box="[834,924,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFC6AFB42FC4AFB13" box="[939,968,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preservation of the dorsal stele is incomplete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFC15FB6CFBACFB71" box="[980,1070,1207,1229]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFB89FB63FB18FB72" box="[1096,1178,1208,1230]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">4A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and it cannot be described in detail; the dorsal articulation between the cinctus and the stele probably included two mesosphenoids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFC36FAC8FBCFFA95" box="[1015,1101,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[164,243,1047,1066]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,199,1011]" captionTargetId="figure-383@4.[164,1444,196,1017]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. reconstruction. A, C, dorsal view. B, ventral view. D, E, frontal views. Abbreviations: asi, articulation with the supracentral integument; asp, articulation with the supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of ventral integument; im, interior of the marginal plates; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); P, porta; sof, suropercular facets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cross section the stele is triangular, with a flat ventral surface; this shape is constant along the length of the stele. The ventral part of the stele is oriented so that it projects below the ventral cinctus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8A8A3FFBE9FA55FB1CFA1F" box="[1064,1182,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8A8A3EFCFBFA10FEE6FD34" blockId="6.[826,1441,1483,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[144,759,198,1169]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFCFBFA10FC24FA5C" box="[826,934,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The characters displayed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFAD4FA17FA23FA5D" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[1301,1441,1484,1505]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFAD4FA17FA23FA5D" box="[1301,1441,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8A8A3FFCFBFA31FC23FA43" box="[826,929,1514,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are all known from other cinctans, but the character combination is unique; consequently, assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFC6FF9FCFBB8F980" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[942,1082,1575,1596]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFC6FF9FCFBB8F980" box="[942,1082,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8A8A3FFB80F9FCFB27F980" box="[1089,1189,1575,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to an existing cinctan family is problematic. The presence of a single left marginal groove that reaches M1l is a trait shared with some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFBFDF958FC59F90B" authority="Cabibel, Termier & Termier, 1959" authorityName="Cabibel, Termier & Termier" authorityYear="1959" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Sucocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFBFDF958FB33F924" box="[1084,1201,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Sucocystis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8A8A3FFB7CF959FC59F90B" author="Cabibel J & Termier H & Termier G" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" pagination="281 - 294" refId="ref8045" refString="Cabibel J, Termier H, Termier G. 1959. Les echinodermes mesocambriens de la Montagne Noire (sud de la France). Annales de Paleontologie 44: 281 - 294." type="journal article" year="1959">Cabibel, Termier & Termier, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFB97F979FB60F90B" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[1110,1250,1698,1719]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFB97F979FB60F90B" box="[1110,1250,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8A8A3FFB2AF979FAD3F90B" box="[1259,1361,1698,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from these forms in other respects (the shape and height of the theca, the number of marginal plates, and the development of ventral swellings). The elongate thecal shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFBEFF8C7FB38F88D" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[1070,1210,1820,1841]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFBEFF8C7FB38F88D" box="[1070,1210,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8A8A3FFB05F8C7FAA8F88D" box="[1220,1322,1820,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFC0FF8E1FB71F8F3" authority="Jaekel, 1918" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1918" box="[974,1267,1850,1872]" class="Homostelea" family="Gyrocystidae" genus="Gyrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFC0FF8E1FBC1F8F3" box="[974,1091,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Gyrocystis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8A8A3FFB97F8E1FB71F8F3" author="Jaekel O" box="[1110,1267,1850,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref8744" refString="Jaekel O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1918">Jaekel, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3FFACAF8E0FC6FF8D2" authority="Friedrich, 1993" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1993" class="Homostelea" family="Gyrocystidae" genus="Progyrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFACAF8E0FA23F8EC" box="[1291,1441,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Progyrocystis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8A8A3FFCFBF882FC6FF8D2" author="Friedrich WP" box="[826,1005,1881,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" pagination="3 - 190" refId="ref8509" refString="Friedrich WP. 1993. Systematik und Funktionsmorphologie mittelkambrischer Cincta (Carpoidea, Echinodermata). Beringeria 7: 3 - 190." type="journal article" year="1993">Friedrich, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8A8A3EFBDAF882FF48FF67" authority="Termier & Termier, 1973" authorityName="Termier & Termier" authorityYear="1973" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Elliptocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="427" order="Cincta" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8A8A3FFBDAF882FB3AF8D2" box="[1051,1208,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="426">Elliptocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8A8A3EFB00F882FF48FF67" author="Termier H & Termier G" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="6" pageNumber="426" pagination="243 - 266" refId="ref9865" refString="Termier H, Termier G. 1973. Les echinodermes Cincta du Cambrien de la Montagne Noire (France). Geobios 6: 243 - 266." type="journal article" year="1973">Termier & Termier, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The arrangement of three plates in the lintel is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFECFFF3EFE01FF46" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1918" box="[270,387,229,250]" class="Homostelea" family="Gyrocystidae" genus="Gyrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFECFFF3EFE01FF46" box="[270,387,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Gyrocystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFE54FF3EFD88FF46" authorityName="Cabibel, Termier & Termier" authorityYear="1959" box="[405,522,229,250]" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Sucocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFE54FF3EFD88FF46" box="[405,522,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Sucocystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFD93FF3FFD6DFF45" authorityName="Termier & Termier" authorityYear="1973" box="[594,751,228,249]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Elliptocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFD93FF3FFD6DFF45" box="[594,751,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Elliptocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the absence of prominent ventral swellings is a feature shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFE4DFEF9FF4BFEE9" authority="Jaekel, 1918" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1918" class="Homostelea" family="Trochocystitidae" genus="Trochocystoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFE4DFEF9FD1AFE8B" box="[396,664,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Trochocystoides parvus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8B8A3EFD64FEF9FF4BFEE9" author="Jaekel O" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref8744" refString="Jaekel O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1918">Jaekel, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFF14FE9AFEBDFEE9" authorityName="Sdzuy" authorityYear="1993" box="[213,319,320,342]" class="Homostelea" family="Trochocystitidae" genus="Trochocystoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="planus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFF14FE9AFEBDFEE9" box="[213,319,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">T. planus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFE8FFE9AFE45FEE9" authorityName="Sdzuy" authorityYear="1993" box="[334,455,320,342]" class="Homostelea" family="Trochocystitidae" genus="Sotocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ubaghsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFE8FFE9AFE45FEE9" box="[334,455,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">S. ubaghsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFE17FE9AFDC2FEE9" authorityName="Sdzuy" authorityYear="1993" box="[470,576,320,342]" class="Homostelea" family="Gyrocystidae" genus="Asturicystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="jaekeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFE17FE9AFDC2FEE9" box="[470,576,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">A. jaekeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFD43FE9AFE1AFEC8" authority="Jaekel, 1918" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1918" class="Homostelea" family="Gyrocystidae" genus="Gyrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="platessa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFD43FE9AFF6EFEC8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Gyrocystis platessa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8B8A3EFF3DFE84FE1AFEC8" author="Jaekel O" box="[252,408,351,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref8744" refString="Jaekel O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1918">Jaekel, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We tentatively assign
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFD06FEBBFF77FE2F" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFD06FEBBFF77FE2F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8B8A3EFF3EFEA5FEE4FE2F" box="[255,358,382,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFDD0FEA6FD25FE2F" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1993" box="[529,679,381,403]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Sucocystidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the presence of a single long left marginal groove and the anterior continuity of the ventral swellings.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7109D6FF8B8A3EFF51FE01FE9EFE53" authority="Rahman & Zamora, 2009" authorityName="Rahman & Zamora" authorityYear="2009" box="[144,284,474,495]" class="Homostelea" family="Sucocystidae" genus="Protocinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cincta" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905AE47FF8B8A3EFF51FE01FE9EFE53" box="[144,284,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Protocinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236133CFF8B8A3EFEE8FE01FE11FE53" box="[297,403,474,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is probably basal within the family, because it possesses an elongate theca and relatively reduced ventral swellings. This assignment is preliminary, and will be tested in a cladistic analysis to be published by the second author (Smith & Zamora, in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE7255FF8B8A3EFF69FD4AFDD2FB2D" blockId="7.[144,759,198,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">
|
||
In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D77B9DCFF8B8A3EFF08FD4AFEE0FD1B" box="[201,354,657,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(MPZ2007/2477), a small marginal plate is inserted between M1r and M2r (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A6ED0FF8B8A3EFDA9FD74FD37FD7A" box="[616,693,687,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[144,223,1560,1579]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[303,1263,194,1531]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Protocinctus mansillaensis gen. et sp. nov. A–G, J, holotype, MPZ2004/170. G, MPZ2004/172. H, MPZ2007/2477. A–H, ‘virtual’ reconstructions; I, latex cast from an artificial mould of MPZ2007/2477, cast whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. J, holotype specimen in matrix. A, B, dorsal and ventral stereo-pairs, ¥3.6. C, D, Anterior stereo-pairs, without the?supraoral plate, with and without the labrum, ¥7.2. E, F, left and right lateral views, ¥3.3. G, posterolateral stereo-pair, ¥3.4. H, anterior region, dorsal stereo-pair, ¥5.0. I, anterior region, dorsal view, ¥4.6. J, posterior region of the cinctus, ventral view, ¥9.0. Abbreviations: am, abnormal marginal plate; asi, articulation with supracentral integument; asp, articulation with supraoral plate; divi, depression in the interior ventral integument; evi, exterior of the ventral integument; ip, intercalated plate; ivi, interior of the ventral integument; L1–3, lintel plates 1–3; La, labrum; Li, lintel (undifferentiated); M0–5, marginal plates 0–5 (l, left and r, right); Mg, marginal groove; Mo, mouth; Op, operculum; P, porta; Sp, sphenoids; ss, sediment surface; St, stele; Su, supraoral plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5443698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5443698/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of marginal plates can vary within a single species of cinctan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8B8A3EFEAAFD36FD9DFCBF" author="Friedrich WP" box="[363,543,749,771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" pagination="3 - 190" refId="ref8509" refString="Friedrich WP. 1993. Systematik und Funktionsmorphologie mittelkambrischer Cincta (Carpoidea, Echinodermata). Beringeria 7: 3 - 190." type="journal article" year="1993">Friedrich, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in no known specimen does an additional plate occur in the anterior frame. Although it is uncertain how cinctans added plates during growth, it is doubtful that additions could have occurred in the anterior of the frame; here, distinctive processes occur on M1l and M1r that are never transposed to other plates. Instead, because of the similarity of the marginal plates and proximal sphenoids, it is more likely that cinctans added new plates to the cinctus from the stele. As the presence of a small plate between M1r and M2r is not seen in any other cinctans, it probably resulted from abnormal plate growth. Similar abnormalities occur in stylophoran carpoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE00FA4FF8B8A3EFEF0FBA0FDC6FB2D" author="Ware D & Lefebvre B" box="[305,580,1146,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="427" pagination="779 - 787" refId="ref10013" refString="Ware D, Lefebvre B. 2007. Abnormalities in the Lower Ordovician cornute Phyllocystis Thoral, 1935 (Echinodermata: Stylophora) from Montagne Noire (southern France): implications for plate homology and phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology 81: 779 - 787." type="journal article" year="2007">Ware & Lefebvre, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |