218 lines
25 KiB
XML
218 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="7EE96F2D1750F6533B463F4374B9B544" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67a85b62-4ece-46c9-a8bc-b0f7fa95177f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460141653020" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Buckeridge, John S. & Newman, William A." docDate="2010" docId="03D887BC2165F55BFF60B6B6FBBEFF32" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02349p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2349" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Austrobalanidae Newman and Ross 1976" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFE1FFC42167F558FFF7B549FFCFFFCE" masterDocTitle="A review of the subfamily Eliminiinae (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Austrobalanidae), including a new genus, Protelminius nov., from the Oligocene of New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698235363389" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E57AD9B7A6235EB91BC973B65B861870">
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<mods:title id="B7F087BA04618C20A38366C3F2BF6F45">A review of the subfamily Eliminiinae (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Austrobalanidae), including a new genus, Protelminius nov., from the Oligocene of New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99F4AD420DC370FC62F02C6A0585045E">Buckeridge, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6C4208E1B33F14CA34DB7C62C2FDD3E">Newman, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4FE794C57F17392F1B8032EBB3FAED7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="357393FC73664E72034A7E16F74CA3BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1D1F8769FCB8982C42A13284EC4150CF">
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<mods:date id="481DA8AB48AF3726E9498244C8F52AF6">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6AB46A0B746A1DAABACAB3DE45BE73BF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="195589AA3890EAE3A5FDF3B6DEB22A24">2349</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2803A1EF6F24F0106B530ED05ECCB262">39</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4F61BEC2C65082D3DBE21A8954084BE6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="829C3DA7C1D7136E00B42C84140D68C8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275597</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="851977021672952D965F92E07A51EB24" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="807FA7D34C985DCFD0CF3174E24E576B" type="Zenodo-Dep">275597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D887BC2165F55BFF60B6B6FBBEFF32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6196921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887BC2165F55BFF60B6B6FBBEFF32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BC2165F55BFF60B6B6FBBEFF32" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212165F55AFF60B6B6FCBBFBD7" box="[151,884,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF60B6B6FCBBFBD7" blockId="2.[151,884,1023,1049]" box="[151,884,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D08681C62165F55AFF60B6B6FCBBFBD7" bold="true" box="[151,884,1023,1049]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF60B6B6FCBBFBD7" bold="true" box="[151,884,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF01B6B6FD32FBD7" authority="Newman and Ross, 1976" authorityName="Newman and Ross" authorityYear="1976" box="[246,765,1023,1049]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Austrobalanidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFE3AB6B6FD32FBD7" author="Newman" box="[461,765,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. (1976) Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalog of the species. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir, 9, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1976">Newman and Ross, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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stat. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212165F55AFF60B10BFB0BFB4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF60B10BFB0BFB4A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1090,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF60B10BFED2FB92" bold="true" box="[151,285,1090,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Small, six or four-plated tetraclitoids with solid parietes with or without chitinous laminae or stringers, intermediate figures or “inflected basal margins”1; radii solid; basis membranous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212165F55AFF31B1D9FAF6FAF1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF31B1D9FAF6FAF1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1090,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF31B1D9FE16FB64" bold="true" box="[198,473,1168,1194]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Distribution and age:</emphasis>
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Littoral low to moderate energy often brackish water environments. Eocene to Recent: †
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFEF0B1FCFE45FB01" box="[263,394,1205,1231]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFE60B1FCFDC7FB01" box="[407,520,1205,1231]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, †
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFDD5B1FCFD09FB01" box="[546,710,1205,1231]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFD2FB1FFFBCDFB01" box="[728,1026,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD2FB1FFFC46FB01" box="[728,905,1206,1231]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrobalanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFC61B1FFFBCDFB01" box="[918,1026,1206,1231]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epopella</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and/or
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFBA8B1FFFB31FB01" box="[1119,1278,1206,1231]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrominius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFBA8B1FFFB31FB01" box="[1119,1278,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Austrominius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); Oligocene, †
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFF54B193FE8DFB3A" box="[163,322,1242,1268]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFEA3B192FE25FB3A" box="[340,490,1243,1268]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Protelminius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFEA3B192FE25FB3A" box="[340,490,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Protelminius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); Miocene, †Victoria,
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFD03B193FC90FB3A" box="[756,863,1242,1268]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFC86B192FBCAFB3A" box="[881,1029,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Matellionius</emphasis>
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); Recent, southern South
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFAC0B193FA53FB3A" box="[1335,1436,1242,1268]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">America</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF56B049FEC4FAD7" box="[161,267,1280,1305]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF56B049FEC4FAD7" box="[161,267,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Elminius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and New South
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFE29B049FDE6FAD4" box="[478,553,1280,1306]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Wales</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFDC1B049FD6CFAD4" box="[566,675,1280,1306]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD41B049FC8BFAD7" box="[694,836,1280,1305]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Hexaminius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFD41B049FC8BFAD7" box="[694,836,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Hexaminius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); inadvertently introduced into Europe during the 1940s and temporarily to
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<collectingCountry id="F366763A2165F55AFE33B06CFD94FAF1" box="[452,603,1317,1343]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD9BB06FFCC8FAF1" box="[620,775,1318,1343]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrominius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFD9BB06FFCC8FAF1" box="[620,775,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Austrominius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). († denotes that taxon is extinct in this region).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B65212165F55BFF31B003FBBEFF32" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF31B003FD88F97A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1090,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF31B003FE8DFAAA" bold="true" box="[198,322,1354,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Remarks:</emphasis>
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A key reason why
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFDDCB002FD71FAAA" box="[555,702,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFDDCB002FD5CFAAA" box="[555,659,1355,1380]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Elminius</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657C32165F55AFD6BB002FD71FAAA" box="[668,702,1355,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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was placed within the archaeobalanids by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFB4AB003FF29FA44" author="Newman" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. (1976) Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalog of the species. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir, 9, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1976">Newman and Ross (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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was the presence of a deeply cleft labrum. This feature characterizes some of the earliest balanoids, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF00B0DFFD7EFA61" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[247,689,1429,1455]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Notobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestitus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF00B0DFFE3EFA61" box="[247,497,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Notobalanus vestitus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFDF5B0DCFD66FA61" author="Darwin" box="[514,681,1429,1455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refString="Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia. The Balanidae and Verrucidae. Ray Society, London. 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and seemed a good one to demonstrate phylogeny. However, since that time, the tetraclitoid
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFE09B0F2FD5EFA1A" box="[510,657,1467,1492]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Newmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFE09B0F2FD5EFA1A" box="[510,657,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Newmanella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described and this too has a cleft labrum, so the character no longer remains a defining one for balanoids. On the other hand, the bipectinate nature of the setae of
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF60B34FFEE9F9D1" box="[151,294,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF60B34FFECEF9D1" box="[151,257,1542,1567]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Elminius</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657C32165F55AFEFEB34FFEE9F9D1" box="[265,294,1542,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" sensu="lato">s.l</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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. is significant, for while this feature is not found in the balanoids, it is also present in both the chthamaloids and tetraclitoids. Add to this a basically membranous base and a tergal spur that is confluent with, or only slightly separated from, the basal angle and one has characters that approximate those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF60B33FFE84F941" box="[151,331,1654,1679]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF60B33FFE84F941" box="[151,331,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Austrobalanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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rather than balanoids, and thus underlie the morphological reasons for the phylogenetic realignment proposed here (
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<tableCitation id="C6F303112165F55AFE29B3D3FDF9F97A" box="[478,566,1690,1716]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1228,1252]" captionText="TABLE 1. The proposed revision of the Balanomorpha. Showing the current status (left) with the revisions in the right column. In this, the Elminiinae are removed from the Archaeobalanidae and located, with the Austrobalaninae, in the Austrobalanidae stat. nov. a family placed basally within the Tetraclitoidea." pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF31B389FA53F931" blockId="2.[151,1437,1090,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFF0AB389FE72F914" box="[253,445,1728,1754]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Austrobalanidae</taxonomicName>
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now comprises the
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD46B389FCFDF914" box="[689,818,1728,1754]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminiinae">Elminiinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFCB2B389FA53F917" box="[837,1436,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFCB2B389FC2CF917" box="[837,995,1728,1753]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrominius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrominius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFC05B389FA53F917" authority="Hexaminius, Matellionius and Protelminius" authorityName="Hexaminius, Matellionius and Protelminius" box="[1010,1436,1728,1753]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Elminius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elminius, Hexaminius, Matellionius</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFF3EB3AFFE90F931" box="[201,351,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Protelminius</emphasis>
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) as well as the
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFDEEB3ACFD16F931" box="[537,729,1765,1791]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Austrobalaninae">Austrobalaninae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD1CB3AFFC5AF931" box="[747,917,1766,1791]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Austrobalanidae" genus="Austrobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFD1CB3AFFC5AF931" box="[747,917,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Austrobalanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFC38B3AFFBF6F931" box="[975,1081,1766,1791]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Epopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFC38B3AFFBF6F931" box="[975,1081,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Epopella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), based on our morphological
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2165F55AFF60B265FB02F83F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1836,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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1.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFF31B265FEB4F88F" author="Darwin" box="[198,379,1836,1857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refString="Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia. The Balanidae and Verrucidae. Ray Society, London. 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin (1854: 45)</bibRefCitation>
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commented, “… the basal edges of the walls (of
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFCA8B265FBC3F88F" box="[863,1036,1836,1857]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chthamalidae" genus="Euraphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hembeli">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFCA8B265FBC3F88F" box="[863,1036,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Euraphia hembeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) become inflected, and continue to grow inwards till they entirely take the place of the true membranous basis”. However, it has since been demonstrated by cross-sections of the wall of several chthamalids that the so-called inflection is not part of the wall
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFBCDB22EFBB6F8B2" box="[1082,1145,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">per se</emphasis>
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, but the result of secondary calcification to parts or all of the interior of the body chamber, and it may include the opercular plates and/or entire bases, as well as the wall (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFEB7B2E8FE11F878" author="Newman" box="[320,478,1953,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. (1961) On the nature of the basis in certain species of the Hembeli section of Chthamalus (Cirripedia: Thoracica). Crustaceana, 2, 142 - 150." type="journal article" year="1961">Newman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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). Among the elminiines, the extinct
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFCA7B2EBFC00F879" box="[848,975,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Matellionius</emphasis>
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alone has what appears to be a wall with “an inflected basal margin”, but like that of the chthamalid
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292165F55AFD2CB2F6FBB8F81A" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[731,1143,1983,2004]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chthamalidae" genus="Notochthamalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intertexta">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82165F55AFD2CB2F6FC14F81A" box="[731,987,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Notochthamalus intertexta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2165F55AFC1FB2F6FBBFF81A" author="Darwin" box="[1000,1136,1983,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refString="Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia. The Balanidae and Verrucidae. Ray Society, London. 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, a longitudinal section reveals it too to be the product of secondary calcification rather than inward growth of the basal margin of the wall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE36AA2164F55BFF60B5D1FBBEFF32" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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analyses, a conclusion well supported by molecular data (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFC97B5D1FB6FFF7C" author="Perez-Losada" box="[864,1184,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Perez-Losada, M. J., Harp, M., Hoeg, J. T., Jones, D., Watanabe, H., and Crandall, K. A. (2008) The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 328 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Pérez-Losada
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFBE5B5D1FB97FF7F" box="[1042,1112,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">et al.,</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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) but not by naupliar setation sequencing, where
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D292164F55BFDF7B5F4FDB1FF18" box="[512,638,189,214]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Tetraclitidae" genus="Tetraclita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFDF7B5F4FDB1FF18" box="[512,638,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Tetraclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinctly separated from the sister-groups
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFB20B5F4FE6EFF35" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Austrobalanus- Tesseropora-Tetraclita</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B905EAB82164F55BFE2EB5ABFD18FF35" box="[473,727,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Hexaminius-Elminius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B5B2164F55BFD11B5ABFBACFF32" author="Newman" box="[742,1123,226,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Newman, W. A. and Ross, A. (2001) Prospectus on larval setation formulae, revisited. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 56 - 77." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Newman and Ross, 2001,
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<figureCitation id="134A2A2F2164F55BFBEBB5ABFBACFF32" box="[1052,1123,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,914,938]" captionTargetBox="[215,1362,201,884]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,194,893]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Palaeogeographic Setting for the early Austrobalanidae. 4 a: Sketch depicting the oceanic systems that are likely to have operated in the south Pacific region during the late Palaeocene-early Eocene. At this time, the Antarctic continent was kept essentially ice-free by a large south Pacific warm-water gyre; counter-currents operating off Antarctic provided an opportunity for westward dispersal of Austrobalanus (to the McMurdo region and the proto-New Zealand land mass “ NZ ”). The dashed line represents a likely mobile transitional zone between marine regression and transgression. 4 b: Southern ocean conditions during the Oligocene to early Miocene, after the initiation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. With the loss of the southern pacific warm-water gyre, glaciation of the Antarctic continent began (e. g. Kennett, 1977), with the resultant regional extinction of austrobalanid barnacles. The heavier dotted blue line represents the likely position of the cold and temperate water systems convergence. (Reconstruction adapted from Markwick et al., 1999; Barron and Peterson, 1991; Nelson and Cooke, 2001)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275600/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |