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<mods:title id="4DBD3BC269058DA3CFF72DE2AEB769BC">New symbiotic associations involving polynoids (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Atlantic waters, with redescriptions of Parahololepidella greeffi (Augener, 1918) and Gorgoniapolynoe caeciliae (Fauvel, 1913)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6505FFCAFFE7FCA672142AB6F932" box="[817,1232,1644,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCE368EFFCAFFE7FCA672142AB6F932" blockId="7.[817,1232,1644,1666]" box="[817,1232,1644,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D08681E2FFCAFFE7FCA672142AB6F932" box="[817,1232,1644,1666]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFCAFFE7FCE072142AB6F932" ID-CoL="84Q9X" authority="Pettibone, 1991" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[887,1232,1644,1666]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFCAFFE7FCE072142A48F931" bold="true" box="[887,1070,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Gorgoniapolynoe</emphasis>
Pettibone, 1991
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE368EFFCAFFE7FCC072E12B27F91F" blockId="7.[855,1345,1688,1708]" box="[855,1345,1688,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54CA882CFFCAFFE7FCC072E12DE2F91F" box="[855,900,1689,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFCAFFE7FC4172E02B27F91F" authority="Pettibone, 1991" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[982,1345,1688,1708]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bayeri">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFCAFFE7FC4172E02AD6F918" box="[982,1200,1688,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Gorgoniapolynoe bayeri</emphasis>
Pettibone, 1991
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE368EFFCAFFE8FCA672BC2CF2F9A6" blockId="7.[817,1449,1732,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[140,771,1326,1558]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFCAFFE7FCA672BC2DFBF96A" box="[817,925,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body dorso-ventrally flattened, with up to about 60 segments; elytra leaving mid-dorsum uncovered, except in anterior-most segments. 15 pairs of elytra on chaetigers 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29, and 32. First 1-2 pairs of elytra modified, with translucent, chitinous central area. Prostomium wider than long, with rounded lobes and three antennae; cephalic peaks absent or present; lateral antennae latero-ventral to median antenna. Two pairs of eyes. Parapodia with elongate acicular lobes, with noto- and neuroacicula penetrating epidermis; tip of neuropodia extending to supraacicular process. Notochaetae few (07), stout, with blunt tip; neurochaetae few, but more numerous (7-15), of same width as notochaetae, usually bidentate. Prominent glandular area on bases of ventral cirri starting from chaetigers 11-18.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E6606FFC5FFE8FF1B70E52C8CFB56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212910/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" startId="8.[140,200,1181,1200]" targetBox="[140,1440,227,1164]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCE368EFFC5FFE8FF1B70E52C8CFB56" blockId="8.[140,1440,1181,1253]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
Figure 6.-
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FF7D70E52FA9FB02" box="[234,463,1181,1201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FF7D70E52FADFB02" baseAuthorityName="Augener" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[234,459,1181,1201]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Parahololepidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="greeffi">Parahololepidella greeffi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Syntype ZMH 5692. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Neurochaetae from anterior region, showing damaged tips. C. Notochaetae. D. Dissected parapodia from mid-body. E. Neurochaetae of the same (black arrow pointing at the apparently bidentate chaetae). F. Notochaetae of the same. B, C, E, F: scale bar 125 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE368EFFC5FFE8FF1B72552B28FA0B" blockId="8.[140,772,1581,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1442,1326,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FF1B72552E8EF9F1" box="[140,232,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
This diagnosis agrees in general with that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B7FFFC5FFE8FD3172552EBEF9D3" author="Pettibone, M. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="688 - 713" refId="ref9683" refString="Pettibone, M. H. (1991 a). Polynoids commensal with gorgonian and stylasterid corals, with a new genus, new combinations, and new species (Polychaeta: Polynoidae: Polynoinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104 (4), 688 - 713." type="journal article" year="1991">Pettibone (1991a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B7FFFC5FFE8FE9972332F80F9D3" author="Barnich, R. &amp; Beuck, L. &amp; Freiwald, A." box="[270,486,1611,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="2129 - 2143" refId="ref7880" refString="Barnich, R., Beuck, L., &amp; Freiwald, A. (2013). Scale worms (Polychaeta: Aphroditiformia) associated with cold-water corals in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93 (8), 2129 - 2143." type="journal article" year="2013">Barnich et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. The former paper included nine species in
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FEBB72112FB0F9CD" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[300,470,1641,1662]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FEBB72112FB0F9CD" box="[300,470,1641,1662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Gorgoniapolynoe</emphasis>
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, among which seven fit well with the generic diagnosis thus forming a compact species group. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FF6972DD2CAAF908" authority="(Day, 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[254,716,1701,1723]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corralophila">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FF6972DD2C51F909" box="[254,567,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Gorgoniapolynoe corralophila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B7FFFC5FFE8FDC772DD2CA3F908" author="Day, J. H." box="[592,709,1701,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="261 - 373" refId="ref8437" refString="Day, J. H. (1960). The Polychaete fauna of South Africa. Part 5. Errant species dredged off Cape coasts. Annals of the South African Museum, 45 (3), 261 - 373." type="journal article" year="1960">Day, 1960</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FF1B72BB2C28F96B" authority="Pettibone, 1991 a" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[140,590,1731,1753]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FF1B72BB2FF1F96B" box="[140,407,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Gorgoniapolynoe pelagica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B7FFFC5FFE8FE3472BB2C28F96B" author="Pettibone, M. H." box="[419,590,1731,1753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" pagination="688 - 713" refId="ref9683" refString="Pettibone, M. H. (1991 a). Polynoids commensal with gorgonian and stylasterid corals, with a new genus, new combinations, and new species (Polychaeta: Polynoidae: Polynoinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104 (4), 688 - 713." type="journal article" year="1991">Pettibone, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differ in several features. Both species have more numerous noto- and neurochaetae;
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FE8C73782FD2F8A7" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[283,436,1791,1813]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corralophila">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FE8C73782FD2F8A7" box="[283,436,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">G. corralophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three pairs of modified elytra and notochaetae with widely spaced rows of spines and long bare tips. The single known specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FD9373432C1CF8E3" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[516,634,1851,1872]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FD9373432C1CF8E3" box="[516,634,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">G. pelagica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is small, has twelve pairs of elytra and notochaetae of two kinds: long, stouter than neurochaetae, and short, of the same width as neurochaetae. This suggests that it could be a juvenile of another species. Accordingly, we propose that
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FBC771112A8EFACE" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1104,1256,1384,1406]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corralophila">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FBC771112A8EFACE" box="[1104,1256,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">G. corralophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be referred to a different genus and that
<taxonomicName id="4C714D0DFFC5FFE8FBD471FE2AD3FA28" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityYear="1991" box="[1091,1205,1414,1435]" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Gorgoniapolynoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FBD471FE2AD3FA28" box="[1091,1205,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">G. pelagica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a juvenile and thus the species should be considered as
<emphasis id="B905EA9CFFC5FFE8FB2F71DB2B2EFA0B" box="[1208,1352,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">nomen dubium</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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