274 lines
48 KiB
XML
274 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="27D04A864095109C3253A5ECE404EF78" ID-CLB-Dataset="28700" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6251bf04-bedf-44cf-92b2-73e551eb56f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1194434" ID-ZooBank="B6A80A66-E868-4578-A5E5-655E0F18AA84" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520539315097" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baker, Alan N., Okanishi, Masanori & Pawson, David L." docDate="2018" docId="03D88782FFCFFFBD7896FCF5675BFD0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4392.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4392 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astrocyclus somaliensis Baker & Okanishi & Pawson 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFE1FFFAFFDCFFA87801FFEB6533FF8E" masterDocTitle="Euryalid brittle stars from the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1963 - 64 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalida)" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698528577585" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4D4041AD6584ED5BB8E492AEAA93BDD6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C9604E6EF1EC3B8DAB5D5CFAC0C8BF8A">
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<mods:title id="EAFAC9E8E9B8CCF205E114888BD26B09">Euryalid brittle stars from the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1963 - 64 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9A270BF767AD857D23B064898D110DF7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="34A7CB7085462E6E2262B1E42436F179">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9FDC479D3247199B680D446C3DCFA08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C85C4FEC302AE79C4B4FA0FED07966A2">Baker, Alan N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="413AE44114779AA8C6E9EAD489F991B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1E88A364CD3D3649C4F98A7C8A4FDC7F">Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="28E31D2376E09A592C68D98A2AC1AF9F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E992C5C4525C423DB62EE889FFD2F9E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7A3BD7AA9AD74404A9779CF1DE4F0BDE">Pawson, David L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA0AE5131AF9258448E0E2FC0E40B3DB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="13F900E792A0E6A7672B2AF12AF17234">
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<mods:title id="79FAA11C2A0869F886A6FC97CF08EC71">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E951B2A81FC6A1B64AB6994AC1EDECE5">
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<mods:date id="9520CE1D7242B154652391F85C82E51D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2D80314409876D66EDAD623730B9796C">2018-03-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BD40A3F872F0C0EE0DBBB68A437C367B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="180AC867F651212BFCEA011FFB97E9CE">4392</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1916876AFC7AB861A1DDFD48D973716B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7226CBF3D12BFE91EC0AA06BB269ED99">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CC4F9569726398B4D19AF1E17C037069">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE1E33E8CD9DD533680B3E68171F97E0" type="CLB-Dataset">28700</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FCC3838732B9B8F48F1C794A75E595FD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CCCEED7516AF23B7F2733454ABEF5751" type="GBIF-Dataset">6251bf04-bedf-44cf-92b2-73e551eb56f6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3DD019754DB442F6C3A4909BE170B407" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6D184A01A8B8E5ACA217EC6490F43394" type="ZooBank">B6A80A66-E868-4578-A5E5-655E0F18AA84</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D88782FFCFFFBD7896FCF5675BFD0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5958811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150866804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5958811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88782FFCFFFBD7896FCF5675BFD0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D88782FFCFFFBD7896FCF5675BFD0B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFCFFFBB7896FCF564BFFCD4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB7896FCF56728FCB6" blockId="19.[151,539,798,858]" box="[151,539,798,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D08681F8FFCFFFBB7896FCF56728FCB6" bold="true" box="[151,539,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB7896FCF56728FCB6" bold="true" box="[151,539,798,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFCFFFBB7896FCF56485FCB6" ID-CoL="J45W" authority="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,438,798,824]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="somaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB7896FCF56485FCB6" bold="true" box="[151,438,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Astrocyclus somaliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657FDFFCFFFBB79BCFCF56728FCB6" box="[445,539,798,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB7896FCAA64BFFCD4" blockId="19.[151,539,798,858]" box="[151,396,833,858]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB789EFCAA6401FCD4" box="[159,306,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[408,1185,183,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[407,1185,183,1011]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388) (A–C) and Astrocyclus caecilia (after Gondim et al. (2014)) (D). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, radial shields showing line and granule cover; D, radial shields showing intarradial groups of granules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194468/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 17A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB793CFCA964B7FCD4" box="[317,388,834,858]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStart-2="FIGURE 20" captionStart-3="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,250,1668,1690]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox-0="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,683,1646]" captionTargetBox-2="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[340,1247,683,1663]" captionTargetId-2="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetId-3="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, oral distal portion of the arm; B, aboral basal portion of the arm; C, aboral middle portion of the arm; D, aboral distal portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." captionText-3="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1194472/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">18–21</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFCFFFBB7896FC6261F5FC67" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB7896FC6261F5FC67" blockId="19.[151,1437,905,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB7896FC626737FC2C" bold="true" box="[151,516,905,930]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Material Examined.
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<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFCFFFBB798FFC6264CCFC2C" box="[398,511,905,930]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED60AE51FFCFFFBB7A0DFC61676EFC2C" box="[524,605,906,930]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">USNM</collectionCode>
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1411388 Anton Bruun station 9–463, 11˚ 24’ N, 51˚ 35’ E,
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<quantity id="4C899B71FFCFFFBB7D01FC626047FC2F" box="[1280,1396,905,930]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="75.0">75–175 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFCF1054FFCFFFBB7D81FC61647DFC48" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1964-12-18">18 December 1964</date>
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, off the north-eastern coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F3667604FFCFFFBB7AAEFC46663DFC48" box="[687,782,941,966]" name="Somalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D77FD1DFFCFFFBB7B1AFC4566ACFC48" box="[795,927,941,966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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, disc diameter
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<quantity id="4C899B71FFCFFFBB7C4CFC4561ADFC4B" box="[1101,1182,942,966]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7CAEFC466036FC48" box="[1199,1285,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1433]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Astrocladus socotrata, holotype (USNM 1072535), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–B, hooklets on basal portion (A) and distal portion (B) of the arm; C–E, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, external view, a square part is enlarged in D, and internal view (E); F–G, lateral arm plates on distal portion of the arm, external (F) and internal (G) views, arrow heads indicate articulations for hooklets. H–I, arm spine on basal portion of the arm (H) and distal portion of the arm (I) an arc indicates a terminal projections. Arrows indicate orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: MO, muscle opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194466/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB7D1AFC4660AFFC48" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,941,966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFCFFFBB7D1AFC4660A4FC48" box="[1307,1431,941,966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED60AE51FFCFFFBB7896FC3965DBFC64" box="[151,232,978,1002]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">USNM</collectionCode>
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1422067, same locality data as
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<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFCFFFBB7A4FFC3A6780FC64" box="[590,691,977,1002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D77FD1DFFCFFFBB7ABFFC396679FC64" box="[702,842,977,1002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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, disc diameter 24, 16 and
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<quantity id="4C899B71FFCFFFBB7C71FC3961F1FC67" box="[1136,1218,978,1002]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFCFFFBB78C6FC1E66B7FB80" box="[199,900,1013,1038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB78C6FC1E66B7FB80" blockId="19.[151,1437,905,1974]" box="[199,900,1013,1038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB78C6FC1E647DFB80" bold="true" box="[199,334,1013,1038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name refers to the collection locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFCFFFBB78C6FBF26078FBF7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB78C6FBF26078FBF7" blockId="19.[151,1437,905,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB78C6FBF26472FBBC" bold="true" box="[199,321,1049,1074]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFCFFFBB794DFBF264FDFBBF" authorityName="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[332,462,1049,1073]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB794DFBF264FDFBBF" box="[332,462,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Astrocyclus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with aboral surface of disc depressed centrally, radial shields converging at center. Radial shields partly covered with more or less continuous transverse thin white lines made up of closely packed granules (6–8/mm), which loop over the shields and partly extend into the inter-shield and interradial areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFCFFFBD78C6FB6E6641FECE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB78C6FB6E6055F988" blockId="19.[151,1437,905,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB78C6FB6E6722FB10" bold="true" box="[199,529,1157,1182]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Description of the
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<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFCFFFBB79A2FB6E673FFB10" box="[419,524,1157,1182]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB7A19FB6E663EFB13" box="[536,781,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">External morphology.</emphasis>
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The disc five-lobed,
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<quantity id="4C899B71FFCFFFBB7BFDFB6D6179FB13" box="[1020,1098,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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in disc diameter, with arms at least
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<quantity id="4C899B71FFCFFFBB78D3FB42641CFB4F" box="[210,303,1193,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
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long (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7978FB426730FB4C" box="[377,515,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[408,1185,183,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[407,1185,183,1011]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388) (A–C) and Astrocyclus caecilia (after Gondim et al. (2014)) (D). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, radial shields showing line and granule cover; D, radial shields showing intarradial groups of granules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194468/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 17A–B</figureCitation>
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). The disc markedly depressed centrally (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7BDBFB426170FB4C" box="[986,1091,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
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); narrow, raised, radial shields converging there (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7966FB2664C7FB68" box="[359,500,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The entire aboral surface, including the area between each of the radial shields, covered with evenly spaced low granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7A92FB1A6611FA84" box="[659,802,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The radial shields partly covered with more or less continuous transverse white lines made up of microscopic, closely packed granules (6–8/mm), which loop over the radial shields, with some partly extending into the inter-shield and inter-radial areas of the disc. The arm segments are conspicuously ringed laterally and aborally by narrow bands of microscopic granules, mostly in two rows, which stand out from the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7A1FFA6A679AFA14" box="[542,681,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,683,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[340,1247,683,1663]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 19. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, oral distal portion of the arm; B, aboral basal portion of the arm; C, aboral middle portion of the arm; D, aboral distal portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194472/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 19B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are two, then three, small arm spines with hyaline tips per segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7902FA4E64BAFA30" box="[259,393,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distalmost arm segments have girdle bands, with strongly curved hyaline hooklets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7D6EFA4E65F8FA6C" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,683,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[340,1247,683,1663]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 19. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, oral distal portion of the arm; B, aboral basal portion of the arm; C, aboral middle portion of the arm; D, aboral distal portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194472/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oral surface of the arms and disc are covered with evenly spaced granules, and there is one madreporite in each of the five interradial disc areas, jaws entirely covered by spiniform teeth and oral papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7CF2FA06606AF988" box="[1267,1369,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[447,1145,1142,1967]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFCFFFBB78C6F9FA674FF838" blockId="19.[151,1437,905,1974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFCFFFBB78C6F9FA649DF9A7" box="[199,430,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ossicle morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
All vertebrae with hourglass-shaped streptospondylous articulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7CC0F9FA60A2F9A4" box="[1217,1425,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20C–D, G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surfaces of lateral and aboral furrows smooth, without ornamentations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7BD1F9DE61A8F9C0" box="[976,1179,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20A–B, E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Depressions for tube feet openings in the distal part of oral-lateral side of vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7B54F9B266E9F9FC" box="[853,986,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of radial water and nerve canals opening on the oral groove of vertebrae on basal portion of the arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7B9CF9966130F918" box="[925,1027,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
) but radial nerve canals invisible on distal portion of the arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB79BDF94A6711F934" box="[444,546,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral arm plates long, bar-like, with straight basal edge and concave distal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB78DDF92E6460F950" box="[220,339,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFCF1054FFCFFFBB7911F92D6404F950" box="[272,311,1734,1758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1920-01">20I</date>
|
||
–J
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). On basal portion of arm, perforation invisible on aboral side and pairs of simple nerve openings on oral-external side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB79A9F902672AF88C" box="[424,537,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1834,1856]" captionTargetBox="[405,1181,717,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[405,1181,716,1812]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 20. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A–D, vertebrae at the basal portion of the arms, oral view (A), aboral view (B), basal view (C), distal view (D); E–H, vertebrae at the distal portion of the arm, aboral view (E), oral view (F), distal view (G), oral view (H); I–J, lateral arm plates on basal portion of the arm, internal view (I) and external view (J). Orientations: ab, aboral side; ba, basal side; dis, distal side; ex, external side; in, internal side; o, oral side. Abbreviations: DT, depression for tentacle; NO, nerve opening; RNC, radial nerve canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 20J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7A2FF9016751F88C" box="[558,610,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hooklet-bearing plates possessing tubercle-shaped articulations for hooklets, approximately 7 on distal portion of the arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7B01F8E66655F8A8" box="[768,870,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The articulations forming two parallel rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7D6EF8E665FAF8C4" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each hooklet without inner teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB7A56F8DA67D1F8C4" box="[599,738,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm spines in the basal portion of the arm ovoid, with one or two secondary points (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB799DF8BE6714F8E0" box="[412,551,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the distal portion, the arm spines transformed into hooks with one inner teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB78DCF8926472F81C" box="[221,321,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hook-shaped arm spines distinguished from hooklets on aboral and lateral surface of the arm by lacking reticular structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFCFFFBB79E8F8766743F838" box="[489,624,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[264,1335,183,927]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1335,183,956]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388), SEM photographs of ossicles. A, articulations for arm spines of lateral arm plate on basal portion of the arm; B–C, hooklets-bearing plate on distal portion of the arm, external view (B) and internal view (C), arrowheads indicate articulations for hooklets; D–F, arm spines on basal (D, E) and distal (F) portion of the arm, arcs indicate terminal projections; G–H, hooklets on basal (G) and distal (H) portion of the arm. Abbreviations: NO, nerve opening; ST, secondary tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194476/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E661CFFC8FFBC7896FC10643CFBC0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194468/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,250,1019,1041]" targetBox="[408,1185,183,1004]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFC8FFBC7896FC10643CFBC0" blockId="20.[151,1436,1019,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC7896FC10642CFB9E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1019,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC7924FC10672EFB9F" box="[293,541,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFC8FFBC7924FC10672BFB9F" authorityName="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[293,536,1019,1041]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="somaliensis">Astrocyclus somaliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (USNM 1411388) (A–C) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFC8FFBC7BB1FC10614FFB9F" baseAuthorityName="Lütken" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[944,1148,1019,1041]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caecilia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC7BB1FC10614FFB9F" box="[944,1148,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astrocyclus caecilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC7D19FC176077FB9F" box="[1304,1348,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)) (D). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, radial shields showing line and granule cover; D, radial shields showing intarradial groups of granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E661CFFC8FFBC7896F8716748F860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194470/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,250,1946,1968]" targetBox="[447,1145,1142,1914]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFC8FFBC7896F8716748F860" blockId="20.[151,1436,1946,2030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC7896F8716412F821" bold="true" box="[151,289,1946,1968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC8FFBC792BF8716717F83E" box="[298,548,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFC8FFBC792BF8716712F83E" authorityName="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[298,545,1946,1968]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="somaliensis">Astrocyclus somaliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (USNM 1411388). A, aboral central disc; B, aboral peripheral disc; C, oral disc; D, lateral disc; D, aboral basal portion of the arm; E, oral basal portion of the arm; F, oral middle portion of the arm. Abbreviation. AS, arm spine. Scale bars, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFC9FFBD78C6FF7C6641FECE" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD78C6FF7C640CFF3E" bold="true" box="[199,319,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
In the smallest specimen (USNM 1422067, dd.
|
||
<quantity id="4C899B71FFC9FFBD7B7DFF7366E0FF3E" box="[892,979,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the entire area between the shields is covered with transverse lines. This feature differs from that in the Brazilian samples described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B65FFC9FFBD7896FF3464B6FF76" box="[151,389,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref9564" refString="Gondim, T., Dias, L. P. & Christoffersen, M. L. (2014) First record of basket stars Astrocyclus caecilia (Lutken, 1856) and Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, Check List, 11 (1), 1 - 6." type="journal article">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD78FDFF0A641CFF76" box="[252,303,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where between each radial shield there are 6–7 discrete groups of granules running in line with the shields (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFC9FFBD795CFEEF64F4FE92" box="[349,455,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[408,1185,183,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[407,1185,183,1011]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388) (A–C) and Astrocyclus caecilia (after Gondim et al. (2014)) (D). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, radial shields showing line and granule cover; D, radial shields showing intarradial groups of granules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194468/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the two larger specimens (USNM 1411388, dd.
|
||
<quantity id="4C899B71FFC9FFBD7C27FEEF6149FE92" box="[1062,1146,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; USNM 142 2067, dd.
|
||
<quantity id="4C899B71FFC9FFBD7D81FEEF65F4FECE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a few of these lines of granules extend between the shields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36B651FFFC9FFBD78C6FEA7675BFD0B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFC9FFBD78C6FEA76133FE5E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD78C6FEA76408FEEB" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As all four examined specimens from the Indian Ocean have similar disc and radial shield coverings which differ markedly from the western Atlantic specimens, we consider that they represent a separate taxon, which we here establish as a new species. The arms bifurcate at least 15 times, the first branch within the diameter of the disc, and the second at the distal end of the radial shields (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A11FFC9FFBD7B6BFE5C66C7FE5E" box="[874,1012,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[408,1185,183,1004]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[407,1185,183,1011]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Astrocyclus somaliensis, holotype (USNM 1411388) (A–C) and Astrocyclus caecilia (after Gondim et al. (2014)) (D). A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, radial shields showing line and granule cover; D, radial shields showing intarradial groups of granules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1194468/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3694FFC9FFBD78C6FE37675BFD0B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFC9FFBD78C6FE37649EFE7A" baseAuthorityName="Lütken" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[199,429,476,500]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caecilia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD78C6FE37649EFE7A" box="[199,429,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Astrocyclus caecilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B5F876FFC9FFBD7C1CFE376141FE7B" box="[1053,1138,476,501]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3667604FFC9FFBD7C1CFE376141FE7B" box="[1053,1138,476,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFC9FFBD7C87FE37618BFE7A" box="[1158,1208,476,500]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), and from northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3667604FFC9FFBD792BFE14645DFD96" box="[298,366,511,536]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B65FFC9FFBD799DFE1467A2FD96" box="[412,657,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref9564" refString="Gondim, T., Dias, L. P. & Christoffersen, M. L. (2014) First record of basket stars Astrocyclus caecilia (Lutken, 1856) and Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, Check List, 11 (1), 1 - 6." type="journal article">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD7A00FDEA6707FD96" box="[513,564,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who have illustrated the species extensively. The vast geographical separation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CA8836FFC9FFBD7959FDCE64BBFDB3" box="[344,392,549,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and the Somalian form, plus the obvious morphological difference in the covering of the radial shields and their interradial aboral areas, indicate that a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D17FFC9FFBD7C2BFDA36004FDEE" authority="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson, 2018" authorityName="Baker & Okanishi & Pawson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1066,1335,584,608]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="somaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD7C2BFDA36004FDEE" box="[1066,1335,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Astrocyclus somaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657FDFFC9FFBD7D41FDAC60AFFDD1" box="[1344,1436,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA86FFC9FFBD7D41FDAC60A6FDEE" bold="true" box="[1344,1429,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
should be erected for this Somalian form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |