treatments-xml/data/03/D5/48/03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992.xml

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<mods:title id="D2F6FC8E06D28982C723BFEE437A41A8">Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5490048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5490048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C366AAD1D419C358FCDEF99FFB3BF986" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD419C358FCDEF99FFA97F9E6" blockId="5.[871,1382,1572,1628]" box="[871,1382,1572,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D08B4E36D419C358FCDEF99FFA97F9E6" box="[871,1382,1572,1596]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D419C358FCDEF99FFBB3F9E0" ID-CoL="VSTK" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[871,1090,1572,1596]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D419C358FCDEF99FFBB3F9E0" box="[871,1090,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CLATHRINA ASPINA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
KLAUTAU, SOLÉ- 
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D419C358FAB3F99FFAB8F9E0" box="[1290,1353,1572,1596]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">CAVA</collectingRegion>
&amp;
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD419C358FBBAF9FFFB3BF986" blockId="5.[871,1382,1572,1628]" box="[1027,1226,1604,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D08B4E36D419C358FBBAF9FFFB3BF986" box="[1027,1226,1604,1628]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="5">BOROJEVIC, 1994</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366AAD1D419C35BFC8AF9CEFEC6F992" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD419C358FC8AF9CEFC12F973" blockId="5.[819,1434,1653,1705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B14F307D419C358FC8AF9CEFC2EF973" country="Brazil" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9082548D419C358FC8AF9CEFC3BF950" box="[819,970,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D419C358FC8AF9CEFC99F950" box="[819,872,1653,1674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EA3AF81D419C358FC6EF9CEFB66F951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992:8EA3AF81D419C358FC6EF9CEFB66F951" box="[983,1175,1653,1675]" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Arraial do Cabo</location>
(Gruta Azul), 
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D419C358FAF4F9CEFC7BF973" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36BB9CAD419C358FC2FF928FC2EF973" box="[918,991,1683,1705]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD419C358FC8AF979FC48F8AB" blockId="5.[819,1435,1729,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9082548D419C358FC8AF979FC9FF90D" box="[819,878,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B14F307D419C358FCC2F979FB04F8CF" collectingDate="1987-06-13" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="G. Muricy" country="Brazil" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="BMNH 1999.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBDA5121D419C358FCC2F979FBDBF90D" box="[891,1066,1729,1751]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH 1999.9</specimenCode>
.16.3 (
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D419C358FBCAF97AFB27F90D" box="[1139,1238,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
/alcohol). 
<location id="8EA3AF81D419C358FAF1F97AFC64F92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992:8EA3AF81D419C358FAF1F97AFC64F92C" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Arraial do Cabo</location>
(Gruta Azul), 
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D419C358FBF4F95BFAF1F92C" box="[1101,1280,1760,1782]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36BB9CAD419C358FAABF95BFAAAF92C" box="[1298,1371,1760,1782]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected by 
<collectorName id="26899C8CD419C358FC09F944FBD8F8CF" box="[944,1065,1791,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. Muricy</collectorName>
(
<date id="FFC2DF9AD419C358FBF8F944FB1CF8CF" box="[1089,1261,1791,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1987-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EF862672D419C358FBF8F944FB1CF8CF" box="[1089,1261,1791,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1987-06-13">13 June 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B14F307D419C358FAB0F944FC44F8AB" collectingDate="1987-06-13" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="N. Boury-Esnault" country="Brazil" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MNRJ 4053" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBDA5121D419C358FAB0F944FA6BF8CE" box="[1289,1434,1790,1812]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 4053</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="54C747F8D419C358FC83F8A6FC6FF8E9" box="[826,926,1821,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
/alcohol). 
<location id="8EA3AF81D419C358FBB6F8A6FB38F8E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5484CD419C35BFCDEF99FFEC6F992:8EA3AF81D419C358FBB6F8A6FB38F8E9" box="[1039,1225,1821,1843]" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Arraial do Cabo</location>
(Gruta Azul), 
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D419C358FACDF8A6FC5CF888" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36BB9CAD419C358FC03F887FBF2F888" box="[954,1027,1852,1874]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected by 
<collectorName id="26899C8CD419C358FB1CF887FA9CF888" box="[1189,1389,1852,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. Boury-Esnault</collectorName>
(
<date id="FFC2DF9AD419C358FAC6F887FC5DF8AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1987-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EF862672D419C358FAC6F887FC5DF8AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1987-06-13">13 June 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFF37FF7FFDBCFF00" blockId="6.[142,589,196,218]" box="[142,589,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF37FF7FFF0CFF03" box="[142,253,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Citations:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED84ABD41AC35BFEB3FF7FFDB8FF00" author="Klautau M &amp; Borojevic R" box="[266,585,196,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="395 - 410" refId="ref35668" refString="Klautau M, Borojevic R. 2001. Calcareous sponges from Arraial do Cabo - Brazil (I: the genus Clathrina). Zoosystema 23: 395 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Klautau &amp; Borojevic (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFF37FF49FD86FED2" blockId="6.[142,631,242,264]" box="[142,631,242,264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF37FF49FF10FEDD" box="[142,225,242,263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colour:</emphasis>
White in life and when preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFF37FE9AFF2CFDF1" blockId="6.[142,759,288,985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF37FE9AFEE7FEEC" box="[142,278,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description:</emphasis>
Massive cormus formed of thin, regular and tightly anastomosed tubes (
<figureCitation id="1347E5DFD41AC35BFDA0FE84FD9AFE8F" box="[537,619,319,341]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[806,884,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[857,1371,203,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-496@6.[856,1371,202,1408]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Clathrina aspina. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, triactines, tetractines and tripods. C, apical actine of the tetractines. Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432640/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFF41FEE5FE68FEA8" box="[248,409,349,371]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF41FEE5FE68FEA8" box="[248,409,349,371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFE65FEE5FD95FEA8" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[476,612,349,371]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFE65FEE5FD95FEA8" box="[476,612,349,371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. cerebrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Oscula are simple apertures surrounded by a thin membrane. They are located on the top of conical projections distributed throughout the cormus and receive the excurrent water from water-collecting tubes. In preserved specimens, it is difficult to recognize the oscula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFF1EFD8FFDBCFC03" blockId="6.[142,759,288,985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The skeleton has no special organization, and it comprises triactines, tetractines and tripods (
<figureCitation id="1347E5DFD41AC35BFD2CFDE8FD18FDB3" box="[661,745,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[806,884,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[857,1371,203,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-496@6.[856,1371,202,1408]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Clathrina aspina. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, triactines, tetractines and tripods. C, apical actine of the tetractines. Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432640/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Triactines and tetractines are equiangular and equiradiate; their actines are slightly conical, with blunt tips. Triactines are the most abundant spicules; the apical actine (
<figureCitation id="1347E5DFD41AC35BFEE3FD76FE5DFD39" box="[346,428,717,739]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[806,884,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[857,1371,203,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-496@6.[856,1371,202,1408]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Clathrina aspina. A, photograph of the holotype (¥ 10). B, triactines, tetractines and tripods. C, apical actine of the tetractines. Scale bar = 100 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5432640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5432640/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) is shorter and thinner than the facial ones. It is also straight, conical, sharp and, unlike that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFE96FCB0FE21FCFA" box="[303,464,779,800]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFE96FCB0FE21FCFA" box="[303,464,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFDB1FCB0FD61FCFA" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[520,656,779,800]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFDB1FCB0FD61FCFA" box="[520,656,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. cerebrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, smooth. Occasionally, it is possible to find apical actines with vestigial spines. Tripods are typical, with a raised centre and conical actines but sometimes are only similar to large conical triactines. They are distributed in a monolayer on the external tubes, delimiting the cormus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFF75FC78FEC6FC02" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[204,311,963,984]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF75FC78FEC6FC02" box="[204,311,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. aspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a sciaphile habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFE94FBA5FD04FB25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="F97C0BFAD41A3CA2FF37FBA5FD04FB25" box="[142,757,1054,1279]" colsContinueFrom="4.[806,1421,532,670]" colsContinueIn="7.[155,770,1334,1669]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FBA5FD04FBEB" box="[142,757,1054,1073]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FBA5FE41FBEB" box="[301,432,1054,1073]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Length (Mm)</th>
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFBA5FD37FBEB" box="[582,710,1054,1073]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Width (Mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FBE2FD04FBB7" box="[142,757,1113,1133]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FBE2FEA8FBB7" box="[301,345,1113,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">min</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FED7FBE2FE41FBB7" box="[366,432,1113,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mean</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE04FBE2FE1EFBB7" box="[445,495,1113,1133]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">s</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDBDFBE2FDC0FBB7" box="[516,561,1113,1133]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">max</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFBE2FD71FBB7" box="[582,640,1113,1133]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mean</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD2CFBE2FD37FBB7" box="[661,710,1113,1133]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">s</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD65FBE2FD04FBB7" box="[732,757,1113,1133]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFD65FBE1FD1BFBB6" box="[732,746,1114,1132]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FB2FFD04FB7D" box="[142,757,1172,1191]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FF37FB2FFEE9FB7D" box="[142,280,1172,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Triactines</th>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FB2FFEA8FB7D" box="[301,345,1172,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">55.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FED7FB2FFE41FB7D" box="[366,432,1172,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">70.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE04FB2FFE1EFB7D" box="[445,495,1172,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 7.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDBDFB2FFDC0FB7D" box="[516,561,1172,1191]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">80.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFB2FFD71FB7D" box="[582,640,1172,1191]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD2CFB2FFD37FB7D" box="[661,710,1172,1191]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 1.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD65FB2FFD04FB7D" box="[732,757,1172,1191]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FB0AFD04FB1F" box="[142,757,1201,1221]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FF37FB0AFEE9FB1F" box="[142,280,1201,1221]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tetractines</th>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FB0AFEA8FB1F" box="[301,345,1201,1221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">52.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FED7FB0AFE41FB1F" box="[366,432,1201,1221]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">68.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE04FB0AFE1EFB1F" box="[445,495,1201,1221]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 7.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDBDFB0AFDC0FB1F" box="[516,561,1201,1221]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">82.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFB0AFD71FB1F" box="[582,640,1201,1221]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD2CFB0AFD37FB1F" box="[661,710,1201,1221]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 1.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD65FB0AFD04FB1F" box="[732,757,1201,1221]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FB75FD04FB38" box="[142,757,1230,1250]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FF37FB75FEE9FB38" box="[142,280,1230,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Apical actine</th>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FB75FEA8FB38" box="[301,345,1230,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">40.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FED7FB75FE41FB38" box="[366,432,1230,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">50.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE04FB75FE1EFB38" box="[445,495,1230,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 6.3</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDBDFB75FDC0FB38" box="[516,561,1230,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">62.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFB75FD71FB38" box="[582,640,1230,1250]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD2CFB75FD37FB38" box="[661,710,1230,1250]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD65FB75FD04FB38" box="[732,757,1230,1250]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354CFB18D41A3CA2FF37FB57FD04FB25" box="[142,757,1260,1279]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="769D9264D41A3CA2FF37FB57FEE9FB25" box="[142,280,1260,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tripods</th>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE94FB57FEA8FB25" box="[301,345,1260,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">62.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FED7FB57FE41FB25" box="[366,432,1260,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">78.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FE04FB57FE1EFB25" box="[445,495,1260,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 8.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDBDFB57FDC0FB25" box="[516,561,1260,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">92.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FDFFFB57FD71FB25" box="[582,640,1260,1279]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.5</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD2CFB57FD37FB25" box="[661,710,1260,1279]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">± 0.8</td>
<td id="769D9264D41A3CA2FD65FB57FD04FB25" box="[732,757,1260,1279]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC3F95AD41AC35BFF37FA86FEC6F992" blockId="6.[142,758,1341,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF37FA86FF08FA88" box="[142,249,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
Although there are morphological similarities to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFF50FAE7FE78FAAA" box="[233,393,1371,1393]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF50FAE7FE78FAAA" box="[233,393,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFE69FAE7FDA6FAAA" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[464,599,1371,1393]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Ascaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFE69FAE7FDA6FAAA" box="[464,599,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. cerebrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFDD2FAE7FD24FAAB" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[619,725,1372,1393]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFDD2FAE7FD24FAAB" box="[619,725,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. aspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from those species by the absence of spines on the apical actine of the tetractines. Allozyme variation studies of the populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFD32FA03FD07FA17" authorityName="Klautau, Sole-Cava &amp; Borojevic" authorityYear="1994" box="[651,758,1464,1485]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aspina">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFD32FA03FD07FA17" box="[651,758,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. aspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7C82D9D41AC35BFF7CFA6DFE97FA31" box="[197,358,1494,1515]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFF7CFA6DFE97FA31" box="[197,358,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Arraial do 
<collectingRegion id="49B837B8D41AC35BFD81FA6DFD83FA36" box="[568,626,1494,1516]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cabo</collectingRegion>
have been undertaken (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED84ABD41AC35BFE9EFA4EFDE4F9D1" author="Klautau M &amp; Sole-Cava AM &amp; Borojevic R" box="[295,533,1525,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="367 - 375" refId="ref35743" refString="Klautau M, Sole-Cava AM, Borojevic R. 1994. Biochemical systematics of sibling sympatric species of Clathrina (Porifera: Calcarea). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22: 367 - 375." type="journal article" year="1994">
Klautau 
<emphasis id="B9082548D41AC35BFE2AFA4EFE32F9D0" box="[403,451,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
., 1994
</bibRefCitation>
) and results show that, although living in sympatry, there is no gene flow between them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>