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<document id="C82093F7973C615310F72873D5A73556" ID-CLB-Dataset="8908" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4821.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7915691-7d48-406b-bff5-c56b802f9851" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398236" ID-ZooBank="FAD7D211-794A-4FF7-926D-E45FC94459D5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1609213728435" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prieto, Carlos, Hincapie, Carlos Federico Álvarez, Giraldo, Alejandra Clavijo &amp; Uribe, Sandra" docDate="2020" docId="03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4821.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4821 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhamma eleonorae Prieto, Alvarez &amp; Clavijo 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FFF47309FFEFDE06FFAFFFFEFFF8FFCB" masterDocTitle="DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1698851439726" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="37D95A1F8808EB80BAA6ABF8543F70B5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="00AF4AB279AC79432D873442CD47B850">
<mods:title id="A85028F75768297668EDA645C2B8DE2C">DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3EBC843BD8421471648B7D1B6485FD7C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E5624B70D101A3BD72BA481E389D248E">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8E1BB2B0E970D0A55D373FE09740C00" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2217-7267</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7000642BB13F1A890233D800EE4623E7">Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia. E-mail: cprieto 50 @ gmail. com. &amp; cprieto 50 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2217 - 7267 &amp; Universidad del Atlántico, Departamento de Biología, Barranquilla, Colombia. &amp; cprieto 50 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2217 - 7267</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABE2CB1F648EBF85C0BA62D079BA089A" type="email">cprieto50@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0DA857E559C49A9A0DF5145C1B2A9CC7">Hincapie, Carlos Federico Álvarez</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FFE88F0A4F9B4500B53944E5A4117803" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8311-2726</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BF80DBEEF3541A81630BF63FE0C87F19">Universidad Nacional de Colombia, GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, sede Medellín. &amp; cfalvare @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8311 - 2726 &amp; amclavijog @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2415 - 7232 &amp; suribe @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4762 - 0552</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="83F33A575F19228B1EBEE1A763D84608" type="email">cfalvare@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="1D7ADF0E84CA728863B324A25DBF508E">
<mods:roleTerm id="BCBDA51D00731A1833AD0B7183D4AFA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="97569DD13586E3875D627C00724712F8">Giraldo, Alejandra Clavijo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="589697B701AE9CBCDF0BDE11701C8202" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8311-2726</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D15E6DB41AEAE476A2B1F0DC9809ED67">Universidad Nacional de Colombia, GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, sede Medellín. &amp; cfalvare @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8311 - 2726 &amp; amclavijog @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2415 - 7232 &amp; suribe @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4762 - 0552</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="81FC8AC83C924363C364A778823EA399" type="email">cfalvare@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8843BDCBF17B659751B09171523A54BC">Uribe, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC5134C9D996AF1E81310A8CCA500154" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8311-2726</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3EB659FE2CA35268BD496337FD274DAA">Universidad Nacional de Colombia, GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, sede Medellín. &amp; cfalvare @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8311 - 2726 &amp; amclavijog @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2415 - 7232 &amp; suribe @ unal. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4762 - 0552</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC1688D6E71069572E93A079D9FFE3A5" type="email">cfalvare@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2C7A5C32A1EF28176A4F5137D4A04DA4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5431340CE406FE93C1DAD9B13A728774">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="25E785F02329467AB90F2F6D18BD770A">2020-07-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="982E257B193E3A93B8775213C294BE05">4821</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1E738AACC6056389D2629334B031D45C" type="CLB-Dataset">8908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46E02A82FE1B4B552C16732AB3634066" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4821.1.11</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4438795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4438795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFEEDE07FF38F938FC9AF92B" box="[151,866,1734,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEEDE07FF38F938FC9AF92B" blockId="1.[151,866,1734,1797]" box="[151,866,1734,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<heading id="D0930D0BFFEEDE07FF38F938FC9AF92B" bold="true" box="[151,866,1734,1764]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FF38F938FC9AF92B" bold="true" box="[151,866,1734,1764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEEDE07FF38F938FD32F92B" authority="Prieto, Alvarez &amp; Clavijo" authorityName="Prieto, Alvarez &amp; Clavijo" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,714,1734,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FF38F938FE7CF92A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
Prieto, Álvarez &amp; Clavijo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEEDE07FD7DF939FC9AF92B" box="[722,866,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEEDE07FF38F914FECDF8CF" blockId="1.[151,866,1734,1797]" box="[151,309,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<heading id="D0930D0BFFEEDE07FF38F914FECDF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,309,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FF38F914FECDF8CF" bold="true" box="[151,309,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
(
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFEEDE07FF30F914FEE8F8CE" box="[159,272,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-5" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,600,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-202@2.[151,1436,594,1322]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1-5. Rhamma adults from Colombia. 1, Rhamma arria male, Llanos de Cuiva; 2, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 3, Rhamma oxida male, Cauca; 4, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 5, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398238/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Figures 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFEEDE07FEB2F914FED4F8CF" box="[285,300,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–8" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[224,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[203,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–8. Rhamma female genitalia from Colombia. 6, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 7, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 8, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398240/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFEEDE04FF38F8CDFD5FFF1E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEEDE07FF38F8CDFA60F8BA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1842,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FF38F8CDFEC4F887" bold="true" box="[151,316,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0CB03AFFEEDE07FEE6F8CDFA60F8BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015401304" collectingDate="2011-01-07" collectionCode="RCCP" collectorName="C. Prieto" country="Colombia" elevation="3100" location="Paramo de Belmira" municipality="Belmira" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FEE6F8CDFDF8F886" box="[329,512,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<typeStatus id="54DF04C5FFEEDE07FEE6F8CDFE48F886" box="[329,432,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D6271EEFFEEDE07FE1AF8CDFDF8F886" box="[437,512,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="female">female</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFEEDE07FDA1F8CDFD5EF886" box="[526,678,1843,1869]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A07485FFEEDE07FD01F8CDFCD9F886" box="[686,801,1843,1869]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF201DFFEEDE07FC84F8CDFC70F886" box="[811,904,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Belmira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBBECBCFFEEDE07FC3DF8CDFB92F886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A:8EBBECBCFFEEDE07FC3DF8CDFB92F886" box="[914,1130,1843,1869]" country="Colombia" municipality="Belmira" name="Paramo de Belmira" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" stateProvince="Antioquia">Páramo de Belmira</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9C1782FFEEDE07FBDBF8CDFB3DF886" box="[1140,1221,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="3100.0">
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,
<date id="FFDA9CA7FFEEDE07FB61F8CDFAA8F886" box="[1230,1360,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2011-01-07">
<collectingDate id="EF9E654FFFEEDE07FB61F8CDFAA8F886" box="[1230,1360,1843,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2011-01-07">07/01/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, specimen number: m1314,
<collectorName id="2691DFB1FFEEDE07FE20F8A9FE0EF8BA" box="[399,502,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">C. Prieto</collectorName>
. The holotype is currently being deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED7522A2FFEEDE07FC5AF8A9FBC4F8BA" box="[1013,1084,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">RCCP</collectionCode>
, to be deposited in ICN-MHN.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEEDE04FF68F885FD5FFF1E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1842,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,574]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="3B0CB03AFFEEDE07FF68F885FA96F870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015401301" collectingDate="2013-12-19" collectionCode="MEFLG" collectorName="F. Alvarez" country="Colombia" county="Belmira" elevation="3227" location="Malvaza" municipality="Paramo de Belmira" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="NC48160, BMC-22363, IAvH-E-153322, NC-48161, BMC-22302, IAvH-E-153323" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEEDE07FF68F885FEBAF85F" box="[199,322,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<typeStatus id="54DF04C5FFEEDE07FF68F885FEC4F85F" box="[199,316,1915,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6271EEFFEEDE07FEE4F885FE96F85E" box="[331,366,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED7522A2FFEEDE07FED7F885FE23F85E" box="[376,475,1915,1941]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ct7t-ipa9" name="Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">MEFLG</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DBC2121CFFEEDE07FE47F885FDA0F85E" box="[488,600,1915,1941]" collectionCode="MEFLG" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ct7t-ipa9" name="Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">NC48160</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC2121CFFEEDE07FDCAF885FC4DF85E" box="[613,949,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">BMC-22363 IAvH-E-153322</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC2121CFFEEDE07FC6DF885FBC3F85E" box="[962,1083,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">NC-48161</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC2121CFFEEDE07FBE6F885FA60F85E" box="[1097,1432,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">BMC-22302 IAvH-E-153323</specimenCode>
,
<collectingDate id="EF9E654FFFEEDE07FF38F861FE50F872" box="[151,424,1951,1977]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<date id="FFDA9CA7FFEEDE07FF38F861FEE2F872" box="[151,282,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2013-12-21">21/12/2013</date>
,
<date id="FFDA9CA7FFEEDE07FE89F861FE50F872" box="[294,424,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2013-12-19">19/12/2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFEEDE07FE1BF861FDB4F872" box="[436,588,1951,1977]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A07485FFEEDE07FDF8F861FD32F872" box="[599,714,1951,1977]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BAC2EBFFEEDE07FD79F861FCCBF872" box="[726,819,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Belmira</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBF201DFFEEDE07FCEFF861FBE5F872" box="[832,1053,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Páramo de Belmira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBBECBCFFEEDE07FB86F861FB74F872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD0B71FFEEDE02FF38F938FF18F83A:8EBBECBCFFEEDE07FB86F861FB74F872" box="[1065,1164,1951,1977]" country="Colombia" county="Belmira" municipality="Paramo de Belmira" name="Malvaza" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" stateProvince="Antioquia">Malvazá</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9C1782FFEEDE07FB37F861FB11F872" box="[1176,1257,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2269999999999994" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="3227.0">
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</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="2691DFB1FFEEDE07FB5AF861FA96F870" box="[1269,1390,1951,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">F. Álvarez</collectorName>
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.
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:
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,
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Leg.
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2,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFEDDE04FF68FF20FE70F922" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68FF20FF07FE42" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68FF20FEC2FF33" bold="true" box="[199,314,222,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This new species belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FD22FF21FD09FF32" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[653,753,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FD22FF21FD09FF32" box="[653,753,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it shares the following combination of characters in the female genitalia with all other
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FDB8FEFDFD83FED6" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[535,635,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FDB8FEFDFD83FED6" box="[535,635,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFEDDE04FCA1FEFDFBEEFED5" author="Prieto and Vargas" box="[782,1046,259,286]" firstAuthor="Prieto" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" pagination="323 - 342" refId="ref5278" refString="Prieto, C. &amp; Vargas, M. A. (2016) Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species. Zootaxa, 4093 (3), 323 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Prieto and Vargas 2016</bibRefCitation>
): 1) ductus bursae short and robust with a central transparent area, 2) strongly developed lamella postvaginalis, terminating in serrate, or multi-pronged configurations, 3) dendritic, fan shaped signa, and 4) a ventral element associated with the 8th tergite in female genitalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68FE6DFD36FDF5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FEE6FE6DFDDBFE66" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[329,547,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FEE6FE6DFDDBFE66" box="[329,547,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FD86FE6DFD85FE66" bold="true" box="[553,637,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEDDE04FD86FE6DFD85FE66" box="[553,637,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from females and males of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FBAEFE6DFBA6FE66" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1025,1118,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FBAEFE6DFBA6FE66" box="[1025,1118,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">R. oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFEDDE04FBC2FE6DFB28FE66" box="[1133,1232,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-5" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[158,1432,600,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-202@2.[151,1436,594,1322]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1-5. Rhamma adults from Colombia. 1, Rhamma arria male, Llanos de Cuiva; 2, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 3, Rhamma oxida male, Cauca; 4, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 5, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Figs. 1-5</figureCitation>
) in having a completely brown dorsal forewing surface, some blue scales can be seen just under microscope in the basal area of the wing. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FEDAFE25FDFCFE3E" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[373,516,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FEDAFE25FDFCFE3E" box="[373,516,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">R. eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FDA4FE25FDA7FE3E" bold="true" box="[523,607,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEDDE04FDA4FE25FDA7FE3E" box="[523,607,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is consistently smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FC32FE25FC02FE3E" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[925,1018,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FC32FE25FC02FE3E" box="[925,1018,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">R. oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FB9FFE25FB71FE3F" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1072,1161,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FB9FFE25FB71FE3F" box="[1072,1161,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">R. arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the later species having more extended blue suffusion in the female and male forewings than
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FC06FE01FBC2FDD2" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[937,1082,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FC06FE01FBC2FDD2" box="[937,1082,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">R. eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEDDE04FBEDFE01FB66FDD2" box="[1090,1182,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FBEDFE01FB6FFDD2" bold="true" box="[1090,1175,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Ductus bursae and lamella postvaginalis differ as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFEDDE04FDF6FDDDFD39FDF5" box="[601,705,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–8" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[224,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[203,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–8. Rhamma female genitalia from Colombia. 6, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 7, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 8, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398240/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Figs. 6-8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BEAEFFFEDDE04FF37FABAFEF8FA6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" startId="2.[152,270,1348,1372]" targetBox="[158,1432,600,1316]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF37FABAFEF8FA6E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1348,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF37FABAFD5EFA97" bold="true" box="[152,678,1348,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
FIGURES 1-5.
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FEE8FABAFE5FFA97" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[327,423,1348,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FEE8FABAFE5FFA97" bold="true" box="[327,423,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults from Colombia.
</emphasis>
1,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FD65FABAFC98FA97" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[714,864,1348,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FD65FABAFC98FA97" box="[714,864,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, Llanos de Cuiva; 2,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FBD3FABAFAEBFA97" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1148,1299,1348,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FBD3FABAFAEBFA97" box="[1148,1299,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, Cordillera Occidental; 3,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FED8FA96FDE9FA4B" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[375,529,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FED8FA96FDE9FA4B" box="[375,529,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, Cauca; 4,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FD6EFA96FCA2FA4B" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[705,858,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FD6EFA96FCA2FA4B" box="[705,858,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, Cauca; 5,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEDDE04FBB1FA96FB15FA4B" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[1054,1261,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FBB1FA96FB15FA4B" bold="true" box="[1054,1261,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEDDE04FB5BFA97FAB0FA4A" box="[1268,1352,1385,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female Holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68FA2DFDD3F9B6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68FA2DFE43FA27" bold="true" box="[199,443,1490,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Female Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FE69FA2DFD5CFA27" box="[454,676,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Adult female wings</emphasis>
. Mean forewing length
<quantity id="4C9C1782FFEDDE04FC6CFA2CFBD3FA26" box="[963,1067,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
(measured from forewing apex to base at thorax. n = 5). The hindwing anal angle is pointed without tail at vein Cu2. The dorsal wing surface is homogeneous brown with some orange scaling in anal angle. The ventral hindwing surface is reddish brown with a thin red sub-marginal band composed by six V shaped elements. Discal margin of hindwing is well defined and composed by ocher coloured scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68F979FB44F96A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" box="[199,1212,1671,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68F979FE64F96A" box="[199,412,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Adult female body:</emphasis>
The thorax and abdomen are covered with brown and dark gray scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68F955FD32F90E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" box="[199,714,1707,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68F955FE7EF90E" box="[199,390,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: See diagnosis and
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFEDDE04FDCBF955FD3CF90E" box="[612,708,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–8" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[224,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[203,1385,179,1045]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–8. Rhamma female genitalia from Colombia. 6, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 7, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 8, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398240/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Figure 8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68F931FE70F922" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" box="[199,392,1743,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68F931FEF3F922" bold="true" box="[199,267,1743,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFEDDE04FF68F90DFB65F89E" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68F90DFB65F89E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68F90DFEB6F8C6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1779,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Etymology.</emphasis>
This
<vernacularName id="0567CA49FFEDDE04FE21F90DFE16F8C6" box="[398,494,1779,1805]" canonicalNames="Chaetodontidae; Lepidoptera" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="kingdom">butterfly</vernacularName>
is named in honor of Eléonore Lipski, as suggested by Mireille Delprat through the BIOPAT initiative, in recognition of her support of biodiversity research and conservation of Neotropical
<vernacularName id="0567CA49FFEDDE04FA8BF8E9FA61F8FA" authorityYear="1758" box="[1316,1433,1815,1841]" canonicalName="Lepidoptera" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">butterflies</vernacularName>
. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case derived from the personal name Eléonore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFEDDE04FF68F8A0FB6FF82E" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEDDE04FF68F8A0FB6FF82E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1490,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEDDE04FF68F8A0FEDFF8B3" bold="true" box="[199,295,1886,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Biology.</emphasis>
Females were captured on flight on vegetation and isolated bushes to near the ground in the páramohigh Andean forest ecotone. The females appear to display more activity in the morning around 10:00–12:00 hours on the
<vernacularName id="0567CA49FFEDDE04FF47F859FED3F80A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[232,299,1959,1985]" canonicalName="Lepomis gibbosus" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centrarchidae" genus="Lepomis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">sunny</vernacularName>
edges of paths or ridge tops. The immature stages, larval food plants, and adult nectar sources are unknown. Adults were captured during the months of May–July and November–December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1BEAEFFFECDE05FF37FBD1FC8DFBA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398240/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" startId="3.[152,270,1071,1095]" targetBox="[224,1385,179,1045]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF37FBD1FC8DFBA0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1070,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FF37FBD1FCE4FB8C" bold="true" box="[152,796,1070,1095]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
FIGURES 6–8.
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FEE2FBD0FE55FB8D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[333,429,1070,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FEE2FBD0FE55FB8D" bold="true" box="[333,429,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female genitalia from Colombia.
</emphasis>
6,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FCEDFBD1FC21FB8C" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[834,985,1071,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FCEDFBD1FC21FB8C" box="[834,985,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, Cordillera Occidental; 7,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FAEDFBD1FF37FBA0" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FAEDFBD1FF37FBA0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, Cauca; 8,
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FE22FBACFDA2FBA1" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[397,602,1106,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FE22FBACFDA2FBA1" bold="true" box="[397,602,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFECDE05FDCFFBADFD4BFBA0" box="[608,691,1107,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female Paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFECDE05FF68FB67FD8BFB1C" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF68FB67FD8BFB1C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1177,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FF68FB67FEA1FB78" bold="true" box="[199,345,1177,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Distribution</emphasis>
. The species is known from the
<typeStatus id="54DF04C5FFECDE05FD6AFB64FD0DFB7F" box="[709,757,1178,1204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
locality in the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, between 2700 and
<quantity id="4C9C1782FFECDE05FE32FB43FE0AFB13" box="[413,498,1213,1240]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
of altitude.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EE9ECFFECDE02FF68FB1FFF18F83A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF68FB1FFF18F943" blockId="3.[151,1437,1177,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FF68FB1FFE1EFB30" bold="true" box="[199,486,1249,1275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Discussion and remarks</emphasis>
. In 2011, the senior author captured the first female specimen of this new species in the Belmira paramo. It was not taken into account in the taxonomic review of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FBD1FAFBFB1AFAD4" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1150,1250,1285,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FBD1FAFBFB1AFAD4" box="[1150,1250,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFECDE05FA88FAFBFA60FAD4" box="[1319,1432,1285,1311]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, because the authors wanted to discard the hypothesis that it was a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FB9CFAD7FB22FA88" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1075,1242,1321,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FB9CFAD7FB22FA88" box="[1075,1242,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one of the most widely distributed and variable species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFECDE05FD5FFAB3FC05FAA3" author="Prieto and Vargas" box="[752,1021,1357,1384]" firstAuthor="Prieto" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" pagination="323 - 342" refId="ref5278" refString="Prieto, C. &amp; Vargas, M. A. (2016) Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species. Zootaxa, 4093 (3), 323 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Prieto and Vargas 2016</bibRefCitation>
). After several attempts to find more specimens at the
<typeStatus id="54DF04C5FFECDE05FEF9FA8CFE7EFA47" box="[342,390,1394,1420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
locality or in entomological collections, we were able to locate four futher female individuals in the MEFLG and use all of them for the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FD58FA6BFC29FA64" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[759,977,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FD58FA6BFC29FA64" box="[759,977,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFECDE05FC77FA68FBD6FA64" box="[984,1070,1430,1456]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, elevating the number of species for the genus in
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFECDE05FEE6FA47FE4FFA18" box="[329,439,1465,1491]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to 15. The species is diagnosed primarily on the basis of female characters. Description of new species based on male specimens is preferable in genera in which it is difficult to associate males and females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFECDE05FF30F9FFFEB6F9D0" author="Robbins" box="[159,334,1537,1563]" firstAuthor="Robbins" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" refId="ref5497" refString="Robbins, R. K. (2004 a) Introduction to the Checklist of Eumaeini, Lycaenidae. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A. Hesperoidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Series Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Scientific publishers, Gainesville, pp. xxiv-xxx." type="book" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">Robbins 2004a</bibRefCitation>
), however, the wing pattern and COI sequences of the females of this new species are so divergent from its closest relatives that there is no doubt about its taxonomic validity. The species is easily distinguishable from the documented female variation in
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FDD5F9B7FCDAF9A8" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[634,802,1609,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FDD5F9B7FCDAF9A8" box="[634,802,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other species in the genus (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFECDE05FB64F9B7FF2CF943" author="Prieto and Vargas" firstAuthor="Prieto" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" pagination="323 - 342" refId="ref5278" refString="Prieto, C. &amp; Vargas, M. A. (2016) Elfin butterflies of the genus Rhamma Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae): A review of the Colombian species. Zootaxa, 4093 (3), 323 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Prieto and Vargas, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF68F96FFC0EF8D3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1177,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
Unfortunately, we did not manage to capture males, but the discovery of several typical specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FA96F96FFF29F904" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FA96F96FFF29F904" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same mountain massif, and just
<quantity id="4C9C1782FFECDE05FD2DF94BFD30F904" box="[642,712,1717,1743]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
from the place where
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FC6EF94BFB63F904" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[961,1179,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FC6EF94BFB63F904" box="[961,1179,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFECDE05FB0DF948FB00F91B" box="[1186,1272,1718,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected, indicating that these two species fly in sympatry without any evidence of intergradation, allowing us to reject the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FEE8F903FDD9F8DC" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[327,545,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FEE8F903FDD9F8DC" box="[327,545,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFECDE05FD87F900FD81F8D3" box="[552,633,1790,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FCE4F903FC17F8DC" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[843,1007,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FCE4F903FC17F8DC" box="[843,1007,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF68F8DFFEE3F84F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1177,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
Based on the NJ analysis, a typical
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FDCCF8DFFCF1F8F0" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[611,777,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FDCCF8DFFCF1F8F0" box="[611,777,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen collected at Belmira paramo was grouped with the typical
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FEB0F8BBFE31F894" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[287,457,1861,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FEB0F8BBFE31F894" box="[287,457,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coming from other regions in
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFECDE05FC90F8BBFC55F894" box="[831,941,1861,1887]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F373FAF7FFECDE05FC40F8BBFBDAF894" box="[1007,1058,1861,1887]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Perú</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFECDE05FB99F8BBFB67F894" box="[1078,1183,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[216,1350,188,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[215,1372,179,1515]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Neighbor Joining identification tree. Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov sequences are denoted as: Rhamma sp 1 BMC16124 and 22302. Note the placement of Rhamma arria from Llanos de Cuiva. The distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 577 positions in the final dataset. Analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Figure 9</figureCitation>
: PLCOL010-19 BIN:
<barcodeIndexNumber id="2E808912FFECDE05FF38F897FEF7F84F" box="[151,271,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">ABX0547</barcodeIndexNumber>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFECDE05FF68F873FAEBF824" blockId="3.[151,1437,1177,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
Differentiation between the new species and
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FD13F870FCEDF86C" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[700,789,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FD13F870FCEDF86C" box="[700,789,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">R. arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was clear. The sequences of two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FA85F870FF44F800" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FA85F870FF44F800" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">R. eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFECDE05FF6BF84CFEEDF807" box="[196,277,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the MEFLG exhibited an average genetic divergence with
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FC40F84FFB6CF800" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1007,1172,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FC40F84FFB6CF800" box="[1007,1172,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of 4.5%. In the NJ tree
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFECDE05FF38F82BFEB8F824" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,320,2005,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxida">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFECDE05FF38F82BFEB8F824" box="[151,320,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Rhamma oxida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the closest relative of the new species with a divergence of 2.1% (
<tableCitation id="C6E68FDCFFECDE05FBEDF82BFB6EF824" box="[1090,1174,2005,2031]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,190,651,662]" captionTargetBox="[152,1939,691,1513]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Estimates of sequence divergences. The number of base substitutions per site from between sequences are shown.Analyses were conducted using the Kimura 2-parameter model (Kimura 1980).The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated.There were a total of 577 positions in the final dataset.Analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al.2016)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1BEAEFFFEADE03FF38FD75FC37FD6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" tableUuid="DF1BEAEFFFEADE03FF38FD75FC37FD6D">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135FA6E2FFECDE05FB0BF82BFAFCF824" box="[1188,1284,2005,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[216,1350,188,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-24@4.[215,1372,179,1515]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Neighbor Joining identification tree. Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov sequences are denoted as: Rhamma sp 1 BMC16124 and 22302. Note the placement of Rhamma arria from Llanos de Cuiva. The distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 577 positions in the final dataset. Analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Figure 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BEAEFFFEBDE02FF37F9FAFBE8F967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398242" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398242/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" startId="4.[152,255,1540,1564]" targetBox="[216,1350,188,1515]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEBDE02FF37F9FAFBE8F967" blockId="4.[151,1437,1540,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FF37F9FAFD43F9D6" bold="true" box="[152,699,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 9. Neighbor Joining identification tree.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEBDE02FD6BF9FAFC76F9D7" authority="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe, 2020" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Hincapie &amp; Giraldo &amp; Uribe" authorityYear="2020" box="[708,910,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FD6BF9FAFC76F9D7" box="[708,910,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Rhamma eleonorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A223DB0EFFEBDE02FC37F9FBFC1DF9D7" box="[920,997,1541,1564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
sequences are denoted as:
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEBDE02FAA5F9FAFA9CF9D7" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1290,1380,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FAA5F9FAFA9CF9D7" box="[1290,1380,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp 1 BMC16124 and 22302. Note the placement of
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEBDE02FD24F9D6FCDBF98B" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[651,803,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arria">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FD24F9D6FCDBF98B" box="[651,803,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Rhamma arria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Llanos de Cuiva. The distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFEBDE02FE41F9B2FD81F9AE" author="Kimura" box="[494,633,1612,1637]" firstAuthor="Kimura" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="111 - 120" refId="ref4870" refString="Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, pp. 111 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01731581" type="journal article" year="1980">Kimura 1980</bibRefCitation>
) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 577 positions in the final dataset. Analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFEBDE02FCE9F96BFBFDF967" author="Kumar" box="[838,1029,1684,1709]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kumar" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="1870 - 1874" refId="ref4963" refString="Kumar, S., Stecher, G. &amp; Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA 7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msw 054" type="journal article" year="2016">
Kumar
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FC3AF96BFC30F967" box="[917,968,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDBBA67FFEBDE02FF68F925FF18F83A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1755,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFEBDE02FEF9F925FD1EF93E" author="Prieto and Lorenc-Brudecka" box="[342,742,1755,1781]" firstAuthor="Prieto" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="587 - 594" refId="ref5337" refString="Prieto, C. &amp; Lorenc-Brudecka, J. (2017) Description of Rhamma dawkinsi (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) a new mountain butterfly from Colombia. Zootaxa, 4338 (3), 587 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4338.3.12" type="journal article" year="2017">Prieto and Lorenc-Brudecka (2017)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5C796FFEBDE02FCB3F925FC0BF93E" author="Prieto" box="[796,1011,1755,1781]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prieto" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref5388" refString="Prieto, C., Nunez, R. &amp; Hausmann, A. (2018) Molecular species delimitation in the genus Rhamma Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Mitochondrial DNA, 30 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 24701394.2018.1462348" type="journal article" year="2018">
Prieto
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FCC9F922FC60F93E" box="[870,920,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, the percentage of obviously different morphological species grouped within the same BIN is particularly high in the genus
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FBE6F901FB4CF8D2" box="[1097,1204,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEBDE02FBE6F901FB48F8D2" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1097,1200,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhamma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This is probably due to the fact that most of the species in the genus represent recently separated lineages that are still undergoing genetic differentiation and, in some cases, could represent mitochondrial introgression. Those studies and the present one reveal that DNA-based taxonomy can facilitate the process of identifying the diversity of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C64C1E4FFEBDE02FB50F895FA9BF84E" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1279,1379,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Rhamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9106675FFEBDE02FB50F895FA9BF84E" box="[1279,1379,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Rhamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but, DNA barcode data may have some limitations to identify or circumscribe
<vernacularName id="0567CA49FFEBDE02FC43F871FBB4F862" box="[1004,1100,1935,1961]" canonicalNames="Chaetodontidae; Lepidoptera" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" rank="kingdom">butterfly</vernacularName>
species of high elevations in the Andean ecosystems in absence of a deep ecological, morphological and taxonomic knowledge of the studied group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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