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<mods:title id="20304EE55B2DDA94087451054D5DDDCF">A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A2BF386E7B407EFF185B2C138D98C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5998261" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141118058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5998261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E7B407EFF185B2C138D98C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BF386E7B407EFF185B2C138D98C1" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7B407FFF185B2C16A59884" pageId="22" pageNumber="283" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7B407FFF185B2C15399842" blockId="22.[151,833,1846,1942]" box="[151,564,1846,1872]" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
<heading id="D0FCB9426E7B407FFF185B2C15399842" bold="true" box="[151,564,1846,1872]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="283" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7B407FFF185B2C15399842" ID-CoL="6FTKX" authority="(Risso, 1810)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[151,564,1846,1872]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7B407FFF185B2C15399842" bold="true" box="[151,564,1846,1872]" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7B407FFF185B2C16839842" bold="true" box="[151,398,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">Epigonus telescopus</emphasis>
(Risso, 1810)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7B407FFF185B4316A59884" blockId="22.[151,833,1846,1942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
(English name: Black Cardinalfish; Black Deepsea Cardinal) (
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7B407FFF105B6717E19884" box="[159,236,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[376,1217,1316,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[346,1242,1316,1975]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of four species of the Epigonus oligolepis group and the E. telescopus group in the Western Indian Ocean." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182169/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7B407FFF755B6416149884" box="[250,281,1918,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,223,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[188,1398,195,1271]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Epigonus telescopus, A: AMS I.28165-001, 1 of 3 specimens, 112.4 mm SL; B: USNM 307603, 201.2 mm SL; C: uncatalogued specimen, 720 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182205/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">18</figureCitation>
; Tables 12)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7B407EFF185BDC13BC9C20" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="22" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7B407EFF185BDC16809FDE" blockId="22.[151,1436,1989,2011]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7B407EFF185BDC16809FDE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7B407FFF185BDC154F98C9" ID-CoL="4LQWG" authority="Risso, 1810: 301" authorityName="Risso" authorityPageNumber="301" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,578,1989,2011]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Pomatomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7B407FFF185BDC168E98C9" box="[151,387,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="283">Pomatomus telescopus</emphasis>
Risso, 1810: 301
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 9 (original description; type locality: northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Nice, France; lectotype: MNHN B-0862);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFDCD5C8315FE9FBC" author="" box="[578,755,152,174]" page="173" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFDCD5C8315CD9FBC" box="[578,704,152,174]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19884" refString="Lowe, R. T. (1838) A synopsis of the fishes of Madeira; with principal synonyms, Portuguese names, and characters of the new genera and species. The Transactions of the Zoology Society of London, 2 (14), 173 - 200." type="journal article">Lowe, 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
(list);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFCB45C8213099FBC" author="" box="[827,1028,152,174]" page="160" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFCB45C8214C29FBC" box="[827,975,152,174]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17892" refString="Capello, F. B. (1868) Peixes novos de Portugal e da Africa occidental e caracteres distinctivos d'outras especies ja conhecidas. Jornal do Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa, 1 (2), 154 - 169." type="journal article">Capello, 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 160
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB9E5C8313D79FBC" author="" box="[1041,1242,152,174]" page="386" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB9E5C8313A89FBC" box="[1041,1189,152,174]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20759" refString="Moreau, E. (1881) Histoire Naturelle des Poisons de la France. Vol. II. G. Masson, Paris, 572 pp." type="book">Moreau, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 386
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 125; Vaillant, 1888: 376 (in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF185CCC13F29FF9" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" box="[151,1279,213,235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185CCC15899FF9" ID-CoL="6G5JJ" authority="Rafinesque, 1810: 64" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,644,213,235]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrophthalmus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185CCC16AB9FF9" box="[151,422,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Epigonus macrophthalmus</emphasis>
Rafinesque, 1810: 64
</taxonomicName>
(original description; type locality unknown; types unknown).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF185CEF16999E55" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7A407EFF185CEF16999E55" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185CEF15559E18" ID-CoL="786LL" authority="Cuvier, 1828: 171" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,600,244,266]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Pomatomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopium">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185CEF169C9E18" box="[151,401,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Pomatomus telescopium</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFE145CEE15559E18" author="" box="[411,600,244,266]" page="171" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFE145CEE15289E18" box="[411,549,244,266]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18050" refString="Cuvier, G. (1828) Des pomatomes. In: Cuvier, G. &amp; Valenciennes, A. (Eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Tome Second. Levrault, F. G., Paris, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter">Cuvier, 1828</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(incorrect emendation of Risso, 1810); Valenciennes, 1830: 495; Valenciennes,
<date id="FFB528EE6E7A407EFF485D0816319E3A" box="[199,316,274,296]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" value="1837" valueMax="1844">18371844</date>
: 6 pl. I;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFE165D0815689E3A" author="" box="[409,613,274,296]" page="250" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFE165D08153D9E3A" box="[409,560,274,296]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19104" refString="Gunther, A. (1859) Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian Fishes, in the Collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. Vol. 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, xxxi + 524 pp." type="book">Günther, 1859</bibRefCitation>
: 250
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFDFD5D0814369E3A" author="" box="[626,827,274,296]" page="395" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFDFD5D0814049E3A" box="[626,777,274,296]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19165" refString="Gunther, A. (1880) An Introduction to the Study of Fishes. Adam &amp; Charles Black, Edinburgh, 720 pp." type="book">Günther, 1880</bibRefCitation>
: 395
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB825D0813B69E3A" author="" box="[1037,1211,274,296]" page="85" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB825D08139F9E3A" box="[1037,1170,274,296]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18024" refString="Cocco, A. (1885) Indice Ittiologico del Mare di Messina. Naturalista Siciliano, 4 (4), 85 - 88." type="journal article">Cocco, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB475D08163D9E55" author="" page="405" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB475D0817F09E55" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19389" refString="Holt, E. W. &amp; Caldwood, W. L. (1895) Survey of fishing grounds, west coast of Ireland, 1890 - 1891. Report on the rarer fishes. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 5, 361 - 524." type="journal article">Holt &amp; Calderwood, 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 405
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. LXII.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF185D4B16389E96" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="3B6304736E7A407EFF185D4B16389E96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820369956" country="Italy" location="Sicily" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sicily" typeStatus="holotype">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7A407EFF185D4B16389E96" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185D4B15289E74" ID-CoL="4LQW8" authority="Cocco, 1829: 143" authorityName="in Cocco" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,549,336,358]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Pomatomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185D4B16529E74" box="[151,351,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Pomatomus cuvieri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFEE65D4A15289E74" author="" box="[361,549,336,358]" page="143" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFEE65D4A16FC9E74" box="[361,497,336,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17986" refString="Cocco, A. (1829) Su di alcuni nuovi pesci de' mari di Messina. Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia Anno 7, 26 (77), 138 - 147." type="journal article">Cocco, 1829</bibRefCitation>
: 143
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original description;
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E7A407EFC9C5D4B14329E74" box="[787,831,337,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">type</typeStatus>
locality: Messina,
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFB845D4A134A9E74" box="[1035,1095,336,358]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7A407EFBDA5D4A13899E74" box="[1109,1156,336,358]" name="Italy" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Mediterranean Sea;
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E7A407EFAE95D4B12969E74" box="[1382,1435,337,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">types</typeStatus>
unknown).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF185D9413EF9EB1" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" box="[151,1250,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185D9415659EB1" ID-CoL="4LQW9" authority=": Valenciennes, 1830: 501" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityPageNumber="501" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,616,397,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Pomatomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvierii">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185D94166C9EB1" box="[151,353,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Pomatomus cuvierii</emphasis>
: Valenciennes, 1830: 501
</taxonomicName>
(incorrect emendation of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFCE15D9413DA9EB1" ID-CoL="4LQW8" authority="in Cocco, 1829" authorityName="in Cocco" authorityYear="1829" box="[878,1239,397,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Pomatomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFCE15D94133F9EB1" box="[878,1074,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Pomatomus cuvieri</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFBDC5D9713DA9EB1" box="[1107,1239,397,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17986" refString="Cocco, A. (1829) Su di alcuni nuovi pesci de' mari di Messina. Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia Anno 7, 26 (77), 138 - 147." type="journal article">Cocco, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF185DB713BC9C20" blockId="23.[151,1437,152,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7A407EFF185DB713BC9C20" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185DB715859ED0" ID-CoL="6FTKX" authority=": Goode &amp; Bean, 1896: 232" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,648,428,450]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185DB716659ED0" box="[151,360,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Epigonus telescopus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFEF95DB615859ED0" author="" box="[374,648,428,450]" page="232" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFEF95DB615599ED0" box="[374,596,428,450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19033" refString="Goode, G. B. &amp; Bean, T. H. (1896) Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the north-western Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Special Bulletin US National Museum, 2, 1 - 553." type="book chapter">Goode &amp; Bean, 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFD1C5DB614579ED0" author="" box="[659,858,428,450]" page="523" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFD1C5DB614259ED0" box="[659,808,428,450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17595" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1927) Diagnoses of new genera and species of South African marine fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 20 (115), 66 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932708655566" type="journal article">Barnard, 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 523
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(key and description, South Africa);
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: 736
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 326 (description, West Africa);
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: 152
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2: (description, Atlantic Ocean and New Zealand);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFADB5DD1162C9EED" author="" page="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFADB5DD117F09EED" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20112" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1975) Results of the research cruises of FRV &quot; Walther Herwig &quot; to South America. XXXIX. The Epigonine fauna of the South Atlantic, with a key to the genera and a redescription of Rosenblattia robusta Mead and De Falla. Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft, 26, 13 - 28." type="journal article">Mayer, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description, South Atlantic);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFD1B5DF314089EED" box="[660,773,489,511]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18641" refString="Gon, O. (1986) Family No. 175: Apogonidae. In: Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smiths' Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa Ltd, Johannesburg, pp. 546 - 561." type="book chapter">Gon, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 559
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(key and brief description, South Africa); Tortonese, 1986: 807 (brief description, North Atlantic and Mediterranean); Shcherbachev, 1987: 42 (list, Indian Ocean); Paulin
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFAD05E1312829D0C" box="[1375,1423,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 1989: 180, fig. 113.5a (key, New Zealand);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFD0A5E3C146A9D2E" author="" box="[645,871,550,572]" page="262" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
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: 262
</treatmentCitation>
(description and photograph, New Zealand);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFAB75E3C162F9D49" author="" page="98" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFAB75E3C17F09D49" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
(list);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFEE35E5F15369D49" box="[364,571,581,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18595" refString="Gomon, M. F., Glover, J. C. M. &amp; Kuiter, R. H. (1994) The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee. Adelaide, 992 pp." type="book">
Gomon
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFE4F5E5C16E29D49" box="[448,495,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 1994
</bibRefCitation>
: 562
</treatmentCitation>
(key, Australia); Santos
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFCFD5E5C14AF9D49" box="[882,930,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 1997: 83 (list, Azores);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB3C5E5F12689D49" author="" box="[1203,1381,581,603]" page="82" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
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: 82
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Azores); Saldanha &amp; Biscoito, 1997: 199 (brief description, Mid-Atlantic Ridge);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFBB45E7E12419D68" author="" box="[1083,1356,612,634]" page="166" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFBB45E7E12189D68" box="[1083,1301,612,634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17719" refString="Bianchi, G., Carpenter, K. E., Roux, J. - P., Molloy, F. J., Boyer, D. &amp; Boyer, H. J. (Eds.) (1999) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome, 256 pp." type="book">
Bianchi
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFB1A5E7F13CA9D68" box="[1173,1223,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 1999
</bibRefCitation>
: 166
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. XI (Namibia);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFEB15E9816F59D8A" box="[318,504,642,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17645" refString="Biagi, F., Sartor, P., Ardizzone, G., Belcari, P., Belluscio, A. &amp; Serena, F. (2002) Analysis of demersal assemblages off the Tuscany and Latium coast (north-western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina, 66 (Supplement 2), 233 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2002.66 s 2233" type="journal article">
Biagi
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFEF25E9916A19D8A" box="[381,428,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
: (list, Mediterranean);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFD6B5E9814EF9D8A" box="[740,994,642,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17787" refString="Bilecenoglu, M., Taskavak, E., Mater, S. &amp; Kaya, M. (2002) Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa, 113, 1 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 113.1.1" type="journal article">
Bilecenoglu
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFCE85E99149B9D8A" box="[871,918,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 81
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Turkey);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB2B5E9912919D8A" author="" box="[1188,1436,642,664]" page="226" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB2B5E9912679D8A" box="[1188,1386,642,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20673" refString="Moore, J. A., Hartel, K. E., Craddock, J. E. &amp; Galbraith, J. K. (2003) An annotated list of deepwater fishes from off the New England region, with new area records. Northeastern Naturalist, 10 (2), 159 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 1092 - 6194 (2003) 010 [0159: AALODF] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
Moore
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFB7F5E9912129D8A" box="[1264,1311,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
: 226
</treatmentCitation>
(list, western North Atlantic); Sartor
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFDB15EB815669DA5" box="[574,619,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2003: 278 (list, Mediterranean);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFC465EBB13EB9DA5" author="" box="[969,1254,673,695]" page="231" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFC465EBB13BB9DA5" box="[969,1206,673,695]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20817" refString="Mytilineou, C., Politou, C. - Y., Papaconstantinou, C., Kavadas, S., D'Onghia, G. &amp; Sion, L. (2005) Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135 (2), 229 - 233." type="journal article">
Mytilineou
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFBCF5EB813609DA5" box="[1088,1133,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 231
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Ionian Sea);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFF485EDB16B09DC4" author="" box="[199,445,704,726]" page="1115" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFF485EDB168F9DC4" box="[199,386,704,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19284" refString="Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Allen, G. R. &amp; Cross, N. J. (2006) Epigonidae. Deepsea cardinalfishes, deepwater cardinalfishes. In: Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R. &amp; Allen, G. R. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Fishes. Parts 1 - 3. CSIRO Publishing and the Australian Biological Resources Study, Collingwood, pp. 1113 - 1115." type="book chapter">
Hoese
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFE835EDB16349DC4" box="[268,313,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 1115
</treatmentCitation>
(synonyms and distribution, Australia);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFCD85EDA133A9DC4" author="" box="[855,1079,704,726]" page="82" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFCD85EDA13199DC4" box="[855,1044,704,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18367" refString="Fricke, R., Bilecenoglu, M. &amp; Sari, H. M. (2007) Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Suttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 706, 1 - 169." type="journal article">
Fricke
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC105EDB14C69DC4" box="[927,971,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Turkey);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFB5F5EDA17E09DE6" author="" page="564" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB5F5EDA12959DC4" box="[1232,1432,704,726]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18553" refString="Gomon, M. F., Bray, D. J. &amp; Kuiter, R. H. (Eds.) (2008) Fishes of Australian's Southern Coast. New Holland Publishers, Sydney, 928 pp." type="book">
Gomon
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFAAC5EDB12429DC4" box="[1315,1359,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 564
</treatmentCitation>
(key and photograph, Australia);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFDD85EC514459DE6" author="" box="[599,840,734,757]" page="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFDD85EC5142F9DE6" box="[599,802,734,757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17470" refString="Banon, R., Villegas-Rios, D., Serrano, A., Mucientes, G. &amp; Arronte, J. C. (2010) Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2667, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
Bañon
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFD2B5EFA15D99DE6" box="[676,724,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 16
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(list, Galicia);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFC625EC413B79DE6" box="[1005,1210,734,757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20613" refString="Moller, P. R., Nielsen, J. G., Knudsen, S. W., Poulsen, J. Y., Sunksen, K. &amp; Jorgensen, O. A. (2010) A checklist of the fish fauna of Greenland waters. Zootaxa, 2378, 1 - 84." type="journal article">
Møller
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFBB35EFA13609DE6" box="[1084,1133,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 58
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Greenland); Stewart &amp; Gon, 2015: 1226 (key and description, New Zealand);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7A407EFCEB5EE413589C01" author="" box="[868,1109,765,787]" page="322" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFCEB5EE413299C01" box="[868,1060,765,787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17520" refString="Banon, R., Arronte, J. C., Rodriguez-Cabello, C., Pineiro, C. - G., Punzon, A. &amp; Serrano, A. (2016) Commented checklist of marine fishes from the Galicia Bank seamount (NW Spain). Zootaxa, 4067 (3), 293 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.3.2" type="journal article">
Bañon
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC225EE414D69C01" box="[941,987,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
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: 322
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Galicia);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB7F5EE7126D9C01" box="[1264,1376,765,787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18896" refString="Gon, O. (2016) Epigonidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 4. Bony Fishes Part 2 (Perciformes to Tetraodontiformes) and Sea Turtles. FAO, Rome, pp. 2429 - 2434." type="book chapter">Gon, 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 2434
</treatmentCitation>
(key and distribution, eastern Central Atlantic);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFD235F0614569C20" box="[684,859,796,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref21172" refString="Okamoto, M. (2016 b) Epigonidae. In: Matsuura, K. &amp; Hoshino, K. (Eds.), Fishes Collected from the Western South Indian Ocean. Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, pp. 74 - 77." type="book chapter">Okamoto, 2016b</bibRefCitation>
: 74
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(description and photograph).
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<collectingCounty id="62D576A26E7A407EFF185F4417F29C65" box="[151,255,862,887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Material</collectingCounty>
examined.
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AMS I.28165-001,
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,
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SL, 33°35´17˝S, 44°09´33˝E,
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,
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western
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Indian Ocean
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,
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depth,
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;
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USNM
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,
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mm SL, 33°43´42˝S, 43°61´58˝E,
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, western
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depth,
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</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6304736E7A407EFAC45FBD154C9B15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820369967" collectingDate="1988-12-18" collectionCode="USNM" elevation="763" location="western South Indian Ocean" municipality="Walters Shoal" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" specimenCode="USNM 307608" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="South">
<specimenCode id="DBADA6556E7A407EFAC45FBD17E39CF1" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">USNM 307608</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D0DC5A76E7A407EFF755FD1168B9CF1" box="[250,390,970,995]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFE1C5FD0155F9CF0" box="[403,594,970,995]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4605000000000001" metricValueMax="1.5430000000000001" metricValueMin="1.3780000000000001" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="146.05" valueMax="154.3" valueMin="137.8">137.8154.3 mm</quantity>
SL, 33°37´42˝S, 44°10´42˝E,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD094546E7A407EFC245FD013479CF1" box="[939,1098,970,995]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Walters Shoal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ED458F56E7A407EFBD95FD112959CF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E7B407EFF185B2C138D98C1:8ED458F56E7A407EFBD95FD112959CF1" box="[1110,1432,970,995]" municipality="Walters Shoal" name="western South Indian Ocean" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="South">
western
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFB3A5FD013FB9CF1" box="[1205,1270,970,995]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">South</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean
</location>
,
<elevation id="0026E91D6E7A407EFF185FF4161B9B14" box="[151,278,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.625" metricValueMax="7.75" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="762.5" valueMax="775.0" valueMin="750.0">
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFF185FF4161B9B14" box="[151,278,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.625" metricValueMax="7.75" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="762.5" valueMax="775.0" valueMin="750.0">750775 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="EFF1D1066E7A407EFEE65FF5154C9B15" box="[361,577,1006,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" value="1988-12-18">
<date id="FFB528EE6E7A407EFEE65FF5154C9B15" box="[361,577,1006,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" value="1988-12-18">18 December 1988</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6304736E7A407EFDC25FF412199B15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820369959" box="[589,1300,1006,1031]" location="western South Indian Ocean" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
unretained specimen,
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFCCD5FF514929B14" box="[834,927,1007,1031]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="720.0">720 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8ED458F56E7A407EFC5B5FF512199B15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E7B407EFF185B2C138D98C1:8ED458F56E7A407EFC5B5FF512199B15" box="[980,1300,1006,1031]" name="western South Indian Ocean" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" stateProvince="South">
western
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFBBD5FF413799B15" box="[1074,1140,1006,1031]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">South</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean
</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7A407EFF485808122C9B61" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF485808122C9B61" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF485808164C9B39" bold="true" box="[199,321,1042,1067]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin rays VII-I-I, 10; pectoral-fin rays 1923; total gill rakers 2326; vertebrae 11 + 14; pyloric caeca 2134; pored lateral-line scales 4650 + 35; opercular spine absent; maxillary mustache-like processes absent; ribs on last abdominal vertebra present; tongue toothless; body depth 22.725.5% SL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7A407EFF48586415569AC9" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF48586415569AC9" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF48586416D19B85" bold="true" box="[199,476,1150,1175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Measurements (% SL)</emphasis>
; counts are given in Table 1. Head length 32.438.0; head width 16.819.2; head height 17.320.8; body depth 22.725.5; body width 15.918.9; caudal-peduncle depth 7.811.0; caudal-peduncle length 22.626.3; orbital diameter 8.817.1; interorbital width 9.911.2; postorbital length 11.115.2; upper-jaw length 13.715.5; lower-jaw length 15.119.1; snout length 7.39.7; pre-first dorsal-fin length 38.042.0; presecond dorsal-fin length 59.361.9; pre-pectoral-fin length 33.536.9; pre-pelvic-fin length 36.339.9; pre-anus length 60.966.3; pre-anal-fin length 67.270.7; first spine length on first dorsal fin 4.65.8; second spine length on first dorsal fin 11.912.9; third spine length on first dorsal fin 13.915.7; second dorsal-fin spine length 5.28.9; first anal-fin spine length 1.82.8; second anal-fin spine length 5.18.9; pelvic-fin spine length 7.512.1; first dorsal-fin base length 12.417.2; second dorsal-fin base length 9.811.1; anal-fin base length 8.313.0; pectoral-fin length 11.016.6; pelvic-fin length 13.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7A407EFF4859FC138D98C1" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF4859FC166E9979" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF4859FC166D9AED" bold="true" box="[199,352,1510,1535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFEE259FD16C59AEC" box="[365,456,1511,1534]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Western</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFE5A59FC151A9AED" box="[469,535,1510,1535]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">South</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean (Shcherbachev 1987;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFC4359FC13739AED" box="[972,1150,1510,1535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov 1992</bibRefCitation>
; present study); Eastern Atlantic including Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFDA65A1115B79931" box="[553,698,1547,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFD455A1014089931" box="[714,773,1546,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20112" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1975) Results of the research cruises of FRV &quot; Walther Herwig &quot; to South America. XXXIX. The Epigonine fauna of the South Atlantic, with a key to the genera and a redescription of Rosenblattia robusta Mead and De Falla. Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft, 26, 13 - 28." type="journal article">1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFC9A5A1014CA9931" box="[789,967,1546,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov 1992</bibRefCitation>
); western North Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFB735A1112829931" box="[1276,1423,1547,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7A407EFF185A3417F39955" box="[151,254,1582,1607]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFE825A3516D79955" box="[269,474,1582,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref19284" refString="Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Allen, G. R. &amp; Cross, N. J. (2006) Epigonidae. Deepsea cardinalfishes, deepwater cardinalfishes. In: Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R. &amp; Allen, G. R. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Fishes. Parts 1 - 3. CSIRO Publishing and the Australian Biological Resources Study, Collingwood, pp. 1113 - 1115." type="book chapter">
Hoese
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFED25A3516829954" box="[349,399,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFE675A3515CF9955" box="[488,706,1582,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18553" refString="Gomon, M. F., Bray, D. J. &amp; Kuiter, R. H. (Eds.) (2008) Fishes of Australian's Southern Coast. New Holland Publishers, Sydney, 928 pp." type="book">
Gomon
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFDCB5A35157B9954" box="[580,630,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7A407EFD585A3514629955" box="[727,879,1582,1607]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(Paulin
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC5F5A35130F9954" box="[976,1026,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">et al</emphasis>
. 1989; Stewart &amp; Gon 2015), at ca.
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFF185A48161B9978" box="[151,278,1618,1643]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="13.75" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="1375.0" valueMin="75.0">751375 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7A407EFF485A6C138D98C1" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF485A6C1514999D" bold="true" box="[199,537,1654,1679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Comparisons and Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFDAD5A6D1407999C" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[546,778,1654,1678]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFDAD5A6D1407999C" box="[546,778,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Epigonus telescopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFC325A6D135E999C" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[957,1107,1654,1678]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC325A6D135E999C" box="[957,1107,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. telescopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by having an isolated dorsal-fin spine between first dorsal and second dorsal fins. The isolated dorsal fin spine reduces in size with growth, becoming difficult to discern in large adult specimens (
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7A407EFCD85AA414A799C5" box="[855,938,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,223,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[188,1398,195,1271]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Epigonus telescopus, A: AMS I.28165-001, 1 of 3 specimens, 112.4 mm SL; B: USNM 307603, 201.2 mm SL; C: uncatalogued specimen, 720 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182205/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFB595AA5128D99C5" authorityName="Abramov &amp; Manilo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1238,1408,1727,1751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFB595AA5128D99C5" box="[1238,1408,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the isolated dorsal-fin spine, but differs in having 2326 gill rakers (vs.
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFBA05AF8139899E9" box="[1071,1173,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="33.0">3336 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFB115AF9124699E9" authorityName="Abramov &amp; Manilo" authorityYear="1987" box="[1182,1355,1763,1787]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFB115AF9124699E9" box="[1182,1355,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a deeper body (ca. 1/4 of SL vs. ca. 1/5 of SL in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFD465B1D147A980D" authorityName="Abramov &amp; Manilo" authorityYear="1987" box="[713,887,1799,1823]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFD465B1D147A980D" box="[713,887,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFBA15B1D13C8980C" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[1070,1221,1798,1822]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFBA15B1D13C8980C" box="[1070,1221,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. telescopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other congeners in the
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7A407EFEDA5B3116BD9850" box="[341,432,1835,1858]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Western</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean in the absence of an opercular spine (vs. pungent opercular spine present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFF185B5516209874" authorityName="Okamoto &amp; Gon" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,301,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFF185B5516209874" box="[151,301,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. bispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFEB35B5516849874" authorityName="Okamoto &amp; Gon" authorityYear="2018" box="[316,393,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idai">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFEB35B5516849874" box="[316,393,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. idai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFE185B55151C9874" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1962" box="[407,529,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenimen">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFE185B55151C9874" box="[407,529,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. lenimen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFDAF5B5515FD9874" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[544,752,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marimonticolus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFDAF5B5515FD9874" box="[544,752,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. marimonticolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFD705B5514849875" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[767,905,1871,1895]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFD705B5514849875" box="[767,905,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFC175B5513159874" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[920,1048,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC175B5513159874" box="[920,1048,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFBD75B55120F9874" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[1112,1282,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFBD75B55120F9874" box="[1112,1282,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 11 + 14 vertebrae (vs. 10 +
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFE0E5B6816B39899" box="[385,446,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFE465B69157B9899" authorityName="Dieuzeide" authorityYear="1950" box="[457,630,1907,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFE465B69157B9899" box="[457,630,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFD075B6914159899" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[648,792,1907,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFD075B6914159899" box="[648,792,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFCA45B6914929899" authorityName="Okamoto &amp; Motomura" authorityYear="2012" box="[811,927,1907,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exodon">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFCA45B6914929899" box="[811,927,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. exodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFC3E5B69133E9898" box="[945,1075,1907,1930]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFC3E5B69133E9898" box="[945,1075,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFBF55B69121B9899" authorityName="Krupp, Zajonz &amp; Khalaf" authorityYear="2009" box="[1146,1302,1907,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFBF55B69121B9899" box="[1146,1302,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">E. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7A407EFABD5B69160198BC" authorityName=": Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7A407EFABD5B69160198BC" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="284">Epigonus telescopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest species of the genus (
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7A407EFD185B8C15D098BC" box="[663,733,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" unit="cm" value="85.0">85 cm</quantity>
in total length) and long-lived with a maximum age about 100 years (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFF6E5BA1166998C1" box="[225,356,1979,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref18142" refString="Dunn, M. R. (2009) Review and stock assessment of black cardinalfish (Epigonus telescopus) on the east coast North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2009 / 39, 1 - 55." type="journal article">Dunn 2009</bibRefCitation>
). In some area, this species is utilized commercially (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7A407EFC375BA0137998C1" box="[952,1140,1978,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="284" refId="ref21172" refString="Okamoto, M. (2016 b) Epigonidae. In: Matsuura, K. &amp; Hoshino, K. (Eds.), Fishes Collected from the Western South Indian Ocean. Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, pp. 74 - 77." type="book chapter">Okamoto 2016b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>