236 lines
34 KiB
XML
236 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="56D409888C10300F1854BD2248229BA3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181066" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e340a0c-b13c-43f7-b8df-e0c7a589094c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181066" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459826386589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hooge, Matthew D. & Tyler, Seth" docDate="2008" docId="0390C135C50E9672A5A4F9F3FEFF753A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01719p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1719" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Isodiametra cuernos Hooge & Tyler, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFA9B94DC5189668A533FF91FFB87058" masterDocTitle="Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Bocas del Toro, Panama" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698222319859" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="6D7D5F85B57AED024C4F993ADD2E4A39" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D659CE9C35F7E9654F5607222CC4ACC">
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<mods:title id="9535A348EF9B248B95F4BEF5BADBB273">Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Bocas del Toro, Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="010B07AD76DE7E0FB9D227AE644F81EC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D87361E4B3E400A1ADEDCA7DB7D07091">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C380F871E3BE20C244F6C4552119FD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1B656805B4A190117E62613648551A45">Hooge, Matthew D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="680EF744AE06C2A7A8A5C61C0AF0D6A0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DDB8B4B1C7B22FF77CF4398DC8D956EA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EC8B54BE2A2FEB6AB60EC23CFE88E058">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E58CC33FA9E2837D5C5343D019B2B849">Tyler, Seth</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="75918D151B7E0427D903E00402AEC814">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C91211FC8CC40B3C7F413865197FA94">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9FDBAC6A76552465ABAC9E734F60FD8C">
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<mods:date id="678C5B1BFA554C4D671E4A606E607906">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="40D993BEB819F6CEC3CCAF778ED534EC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="49D7AC9AB67CC89EFD19BDAB5062F242">1719</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="81C9B7C974EC222194B937B5534D6504">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E36CFC07A3809B608767AB99AA45117B">40</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2AD9E40531E37F1BAE7A7BD59AF91379">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="66CD65631931A9EE034E8F01EC0836CD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181066</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E8E4C02838BF4D189B2131607D16117A" type="GBIF-Dataset">7e340a0c-b13c-43f7-b8df-e0c7a589094c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E62DD8B45B54734BD90FB81BE2C86F4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99C0DEA4DEF467D0FDECA08FEE8E1E6E" type="Zenodo-Dep">181066</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0390C135C50E9672A5A4F9F3FEFF753A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231385" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119356818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390C135C50E9672A5A4F9F3FEFF753A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390C135C50E9672A5A4F9F3FEFF753A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C32323A8C50E967EA5A4F9F3FE8C76C6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50E967EA5A4F9F3FE4C7623" blockId="22.[151,646,1599,1694]" box="[151,500,1633,1660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0CEC74FC50E967EA5A4F9F3FE4C7623" bold="true" box="[151,500,1633,1660]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50E967EA5A4F9F3FE4C7623" bold="true" box="[151,500,1633,1660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C50E967EA5A4F9F3FE377624" ID-CoL="8V928" box="[151,399,1634,1660]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50E967EA5A4F9F3FE377624" bold="true" box="[151,399,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E114AC50E967EA4A5F9F0FE4C7623" box="[406,500,1633,1659]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50E967EA5A4F915FE8C76C6" blockId="22.[151,646,1599,1694]" box="[151,308,1668,1694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C50E967EA5ACF915FE9576C6" box="[159,301,1668,1694]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 20" captionStart-1="FIGURE 21" captionStart-2="FIGURE 22" captionStart-3="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,255,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1323,397,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,194,1176]" captionTargetBox-3="[354,1233,1385,1911]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[264,1323,397,1879]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[264,1323,194,1177]" captionTargetId-3="figure@25.[354,1233,1385,1918]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of histological sections. A. Median sagittal section through whole animal. B. Sagittal section through male copulatory organ. C. Sagittal section through gland hook. D, E. Frontal sections through copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to location where gland hook opens into common genital atrium." captionText-2="FIGURE 22. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of copulatory organs in whole-mount stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Musculature associated with copulatory organs. B. Musculature of gland hooks. C. Musculature of male copulatory organ showing non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles of penis." captionText-3="FIGURE 23. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; reconstruction showing arrangement of copulatory organs in median sagittal plane." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/181087/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/181088/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/181089/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 20–23</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32323A8C50E967EA5A4F945FADB7786" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50E967EA5A4F945FC857766" blockId="22.[151,1436,1748,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50E967EA5A4F945FEFE76B6" bold="true" box="[151,326,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="5482CE81C50E967EA5A4F945FF6A76B6" box="[151,210,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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Material
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5482CE81C50E967EA46EF945FE7676B6" box="[349,462,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED28E8E6C50E967EA4EBF945FD9576B6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[472,557,1748,1774]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USNM</collectionCode>
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1096771, one set of 2-µm-thick serial sagittal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.
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<typeStatus id="5482CE81C50E967EA767F96DFD06774E" box="[596,702,1788,1814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED28E8E6C50E967EA7FAF96DFCA6774E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[713,798,1788,1814]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USNM</collectionCode>
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1096772, one set of 2-µm-thick serial frontal sections of epoxy-embedded specimen stained with toluidine blue.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50E967EA5F5F8DDFCE277D6" blockId="22.[151,1436,1748,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50E967EA5F5F8DDFEC8773E" bold="true" box="[198,368,1868,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="5482CE81C50E967EA5F5F8DDFEBB773E" box="[198,259,1868,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality
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</emphasis>
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. Islas Zapatillas, Bocas del Toro
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<collectingCountry id="F32E30B3C50E967EA7CEF8DDFCE2773E" box="[765,858,1868,1894]" name="Panama" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Panama</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C50E967EA658F8DDFC7C773E" box="[875,964,1868,1894]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="9.25">9°15’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C50E967EA6E1F8DDFBFA773E" box="[978,1090,1868,1894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-82.05">82°03’W</geoCoordinate>
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); in fine-grained sand from
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<quantity id="4CC1DDC6C50E967EA0BEF8DDFF1677D6" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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water depth from west side of island on outer side of reef.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50E967EA5F5F80DFADB7786" blockId="22.[151,1436,1748,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50E967EA5F5F80DFDB377EE" bold="true" box="[198,523,1948,1974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Other Material Examined</emphasis>
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. Living specimens in squeeze preparations; 2 sets of serial sections of epoxyembedded specimen stained with toluidine blue; whole mounts for fluorescence imaging of musculature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32323A8C50F967FA5F5FF06FD347082" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50F967FA5F5FF06FD347082" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50F967FA5F5FF06FEF370E9" bold="true" box="[198,331,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The species name
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<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C50F967FA771FF09FD2570EA" box="[578,669,152,178]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos">cuernos</taxonomicName>
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is Spanish for horns, and refers to the shape of the gland hooks associated with the male copulatory organ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32323A8C50F9672A5F5FF76FBC0721A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50F967FA5F5FF76FE5E7192" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50F967FA5F5FF76FEEF7159" bold="true" box="[198,343,231,257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
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. Living specimens ~280 µm long and 110 µm wide (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C50F967FA6E6FF79FB95715A" box="[981,1069,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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A). Anterior and posterior ends rounded; body cylindrical. Body mostly colorless by transmitted light, except for green coloration of gut contents. Epidermis completely ciliated. Rhabdoid glands present in distinct longitudinal rows (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C50F967FA1EBFEA9FA97710A" box="[1240,1327,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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A). Frontal organ well developed; frontal glands present in area between statocyst and frontal pore. Mouth opening on ventral surface, middle of body. Digestive central syncytium extends from level of statocyst to male copulatory organ (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C50F967FA42CFE21FE387192" box="[287,384,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
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A, 21A).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4620ABC50F967FA5A4F9CFFF5D76C0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50F967FA5A4F9CFFF5D76C0" blockId="23.[151,1436,1630,1688]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50F967FA5A4F9CFFE9F762E" bold="true" box="[151,295,1630,1654]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C50F967FA41DF9CFFDB2762D" box="[302,522,1630,1653]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50F967FA41DF9CFFDB2762D" box="[302,522,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E114AC50F967FA721F9CFFDD0762E" box="[530,616,1630,1654]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C50F967FA721F9CFFDD0762E" bold="true" box="[530,616,1630,1654]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50F967FA5F5F978FC9077FB" blockId="23.[151,1437,1769,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Body-wall musculature with circular muscles that encircle the body along entire length of animal; straight longitudinal muscles present between frontal organ and anterior edge of mouth; longitudinal-cross-over muscles (fibers with a longitudinal orientation anteriorly, but bend medially to cross diagonally) present in both dorsal and ventral body wall; longitudinal muscles in anterior half of body that wrap around posterior rim of mouth (U-shaped muscles) present in ventral body wall.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C50F967FA5F5F820FBD277AB" blockId="23.[151,1437,1769,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ovaries paired, ventral; extend from anterior 1/3 of body posteriorly to seminal bursa. Testes paired, lateral to ovaries; extend length of body from frontal glands to male copulatory organ.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B867023C5009670A5F5FF09FD5E710A" blockId="24.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Common gonopore; opens to well developed atrium lined with erythrophilic gland cells (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5009670A1DAFF09FAF470EA" box="[1257,1356,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,397,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[264,1323,397,1879]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 21. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of histological sections. A. Median sagittal section through whole animal. B. Sagittal section through male copulatory organ. C. Sagittal section through gland hook. D, E. Frontal sections through copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to location where gland hook opens into common genital atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181087/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
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B, 23). Indistinct vagina, appears to originate at anterior wall of atrium and extend to dorsal side of body where it is surrounded by ~6 sphincter muscles (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5009670A76DFF79FD7B715A" box="[606,707,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="25.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,194,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[264,1323,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 22. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of copulatory organs in whole-mount stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Musculature associated with copulatory organs. B. Musculature of gland hooks. C. Musculature of male copulatory organ showing non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles of penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181088/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
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A, 23) before connecting with seminal bursa. Seminal bursa with short bursal nozzle with long lateral extensions that form lateral walls of bursa (
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<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5009670A1B5FE81FB507172" box="[1158,1256,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
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A, B, 21E, 23); no sperm present in bursa of examined specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4620ABC5009670A5A4F8E0FF5C77A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181087/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[264,1323,397,1877]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="8B867023C5009670A5A4F8E0FF5C77A8" blockId="24.[151,1436,1905,2032]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5009670A5A4F8E0FE9477D1" bold="true" box="[151,300,1905,1929]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5009670A40BF8E3FDA177D1" box="[312,537,1906,1929]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5009670A40BF8E3FDA177D1" box="[312,537,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E114AC5009670A716F8E0FD3877D1" box="[549,640,1905,1929]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5009670A716F8E0FD3877D1" bold="true" box="[549,640,1905,1929]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; photomicrographs of histological sections. A. Median sagittal section through whole animal. B. Sagittal section through male copulatory organ. C. Sagittal section through gland hook. D, E. Frontal sections through copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to location where gland hook opens into common genital atrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4620ABC5019671A5A4FB20FF4B7568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181088/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[264,1322,194,1176]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5019671A5A4FB20FF4B7568" blockId="25.[151,1436,1201,1328]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A5A4FB20FE9E7491" bold="true" box="[151,294,1201,1225]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5019671A41FFB23FDB07491" box="[300,520,1202,1225]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A41FFB23FDB07491" box="[300,520,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A73CFB20FDDC7491" bold="true" box="[527,612,1201,1225]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E114AC5019671A73CFB20FDDC7491" box="[527,612,1201,1225]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; photomicrographs of copulatory organs in whole-mount stained with Alexa- 488-labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Musculature associated with copulatory organs. B. Musculature of gland hooks. C. Musculature of male copulatory organ showing non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles of penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4620ABC5019671A5A4F808FF60778B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181089/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[354,1233,1385,1911]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5019671A5A4F808FF60778B" blockId="25.[151,1436,1945,2003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A5A4F808FE9E77E9" bold="true" box="[151,294,1945,1969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5019671A41FF80BFDB077E9" box="[300,520,1946,1969]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A41FF80BFDB077E9" box="[300,520,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5019671A73CF808FDDC77E9" bold="true" box="[527,612,1945,1969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E114AC5019671A73CF808FDDC77E9" box="[527,612,1945,1969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; reconstruction showing arrangement of copulatory organs in median sagittal plane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5029672A5F5FF09FEDB71FA" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Anterio-dorsal side of common atrium opens to well-developed male copulatory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A1ECFF09FAFA70EA" box="[1247,1346,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 21B, 22A, C, 23). Slightly curved, isodiametric penis composed of outer circular muscles and inner, non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A4CDFF79FDEF715A" box="[510,599,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="25.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,194,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[264,1323,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 22. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of copulatory organs in whole-mount stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Musculature associated with copulatory organs. B. Musculature of gland hooks. C. Musculature of male copulatory organ showing non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles of penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181088/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
C); lumen filled with spherical cyanophilic granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A1E7FF79FA80715A" box="[1236,1336,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 21B). Proximal end of penis capped with somewhat bulbous prostatic vesicle. Penis invaginated into strongly muscular seminal vesicle composed of circular and longitudinal fibers that are particularly thick on the ventral side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A5E5FEF1FE817122" box="[214,313,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 21B–C, 22A, C, 23). Granular glandular secretions and sperm present within seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A5ACFE19FEBA71FA" box="[159,258,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 21B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5029672A5F5FE21FBC0721A" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
One pair of well developed, muscular hook-shaped structures filled with basophilic glandular secretions are anchored to distal end of seminal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A79AFE49FCB171AA" box="[681,777,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,557,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[264,1323,557,1603]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 20. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of a living specimen. A. Whole specimen. B. copulatory organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181086/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, 21C–E, 22A–C). Proximal muscles of gland hooks anchor to muscles of seminal vesicle; lumina of gland hooks not continuous with lumen of seminal vesicle. Distal end of gland hooks extend ventrally and open into common atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A132FDB9FBEE721A" box="[1025,1110,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="24.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,397,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[264,1323,397,1879]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 21. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of histological sections. A. Median sagittal section through whole animal. B. Sagittal section through male copulatory organ. C. Sagittal section through gland hook. D, E. Frontal sections through copulatory organs. Arrowhead points to location where gland hook opens into common genital atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181087/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C5029672A5F5FDDEFEFF753A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5029672A5F5FDDEFDD6738A" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A5F5FDDEFE807231" bold="true" box="[198,312,591,617]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The 14 presently known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A7D4FDC1FCCD7231" box="[743,885,592,617]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A7D4FDC1FCCD7231" box="[743,885,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Isodiametra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all possess a muscular, glandular, isodiametric penis invaginated into a muscular seminal vesicle and a seminal bursa having only a single bursal nozzle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C5029672A5ACFD31FE2372E2" author="Hooge" box="[159,411,672,698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="38" refString="Hooge, M. D. & Tyler, S. (2005) New tools for resolving phylogenies: a systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 100 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">Hooge & Tyler 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species level distinctions within the genus are based mostly upon differences among the male and female copulatory organs. Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A665FD59FC5C72B9" box="[854,996,712,737]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A665FD59FC5C72B9" box="[854,996,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Isodiametra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a well-defined vagina but the vagina of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A43EFD61FE3B7351" box="[269,387,752,777]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A43EFD61FE3B7351" box="[269,387,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">I. cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult to discern in histological sections. The position and orientation of the vaginal sphincter muscles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A4BFFC89FDB97369" box="[396,513,792,817]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A4BFFC89FDB97369" box="[396,513,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">I. cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that vagina connects to the male/female atrium by passing dorsally or laterally to the seminal vesicle; however, this does not appear to be the case. The vagina was indiscernible in most of our histological sections; however, in two specimens there appeared to be an unwalled vagina that opened from the anterior wall of the atrium and extended dorsally to pass through the vaginal sphincter muscles to the opening to the seminal bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B867023C5029672A5F5FC71FEFF753A" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A5F5FC71FE0273A1" box="[198,442,992,1017]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A5F5FC71FE0273A1" box="[198,442,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Isodiametra cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A6F7FC71FBEA73A1" box="[964,1106,992,1017]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A6F7FC71FBEA73A1" box="[964,1106,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Isodiametra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all other known acoels by the large gland hooks associated with the seminal vesicle. In structure, the gland hooks are somewhat similar to the prostatoid organs found in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A637FBA1FC1D7412" box="[772,933,1072,1098]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="family">Convolutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are composed of a muscular vesicle containing glandular secretions and sometimes equipped with sclerotized stylets (see Achatz et al. 2006). The prostatoid organs of convolutids are variable in position and may empty outside the epidermis or into a female antrum. While the prostatoid organs of convolutids look superficially like miniature copulatory organs, the gland hooks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C5029672A47CFB41FE7E74B1" box="[335,454,1232,1257]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Isodiametridae" genus="Isodiametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="cuernos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C5029672A47CFB41FE7E74B1" box="[335,454,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">I. cuernos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniquely horn shaped. Specimens stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidin revealed high concentrations of F-actin associated with the gland hooks, suggesting there may be a sclerotized layer of non-muscular F-actin in addition to the F-actin of the circular muscles that enwrap the gland hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C5029672A5ACFAD9FEB8753A" box="[159,256,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="25.[151,255,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,194,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[264,1323,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 22. Isodiametra cuernos sp. nov.; photomicrographs of copulatory organs in whole-mount stained with Alexa- 488 - labeled phalloidin and viewed with confocal microscopy. A. Musculature associated with copulatory organs. B. Musculature of gland hooks. C. Musculature of male copulatory organ showing non-anastomosing longitudinal muscles of penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181088/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |