1173 lines
94 KiB
XML
1173 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" ID-PMC="PMC4956916" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-64-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" ID-PubMed="27489483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576339" ModsDocID="1314-2003-64-1" checkinTime="1465845097482" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hensold, Nancy" docDate="2016" docId="47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 64: 1-57" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 64" docPubDate="2016-06-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" docTitle="Paepalanthus caryonauta Hensold 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" masterDocTitle="The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668141705855" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hensold, Nancy</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-06-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>64</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>57</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
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<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-64-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576339</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="47174899-A356-7BBC-7B99-45E2B1F54767" authority="Hensold" authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta" status="sp. nov.">Paepalanthus caryonauta Hensold</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2B-C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Vascular bundle morphology, adaxial side up. A Paepalanthus caryonauta B Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus C-E Paepalanthus dendroides F Paepalanthus huancabambensis midvein, with bundle sheath extensions. (A Valenzuela 8117 B Barbour 3427 C Leon 2683 D-E Leon 2243. F: Sagastegui 16799 D-F Mesophyll darkened for contrast.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92245" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habit of Paepalanthus caryonauta A Boyle 4219 B Fuentes 15374 C-D Valenzuela 8117." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92246" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Flowers of Paepalanthus caryonauta (A-O) and suspected hybrid (P). A-G Pistillate flowers in anthesis A Involucral bract subtending flower B Whole flower C Sepal (abaxial) D Petal, adaxial E Petal, abaxial F Flower with one petal and two sepals removed G Gynoecial nectaries H-I Staminate flowers in anthesis H Floral bract I Flower J Staminate flower showing post-anthesis thickening, two anthers fallen K-L Mature diaspores M Diaspore with sepals removed, with thickened petals N-O Seeds P Mature flower of probable hybrid (Roldan 402), with seed. (A-I, N Valenzuela 8117 J-K Dudley 11060 L, O Boyle 4219 M Dudley 11194)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92247" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Cushion plants with linear glabrescent leaves 1-2 cm long, rounded at the tip, or if cuspidate, the tip strongly deflexed. Peduncles ca. 9-25 mm, solitary, terminal at initiation, sheaths lacerate at apex, eciliate. Pistillate flowers in outer whorl of capitulum, the sepals broad, persistent, together with the petals enclosing the mature fruit at dispersal, nectaries uniformly dark brown, rigid. Staminate flowers central, with sepals fused
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼-¾">1/4-3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of their length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-11-24" collectorName="L. Valenzuela" country="PERU" elevation="3250" latitude="-13.066667" location="San Luis" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-72.38333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cuzco" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cusco">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Dist. Huayopata, sector
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:22416C4133BD47E5FCA44ABD7C5D7301" country="PERU" latitude="-13.066667" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="-72.38333" name="San Luis" stateProvince="Cuzco">San Luis</location>
|
||
, bosque primario intervenido,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.066667">13°04'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.38333">72°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-11-24">24 Nov 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<collectorName>L. Valenzuela</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 8117
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: F; isotypes: AMAZ n.v., CUZ n.v., HUT n.v., MO, MOL n.v., USM n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Densely branched cushion plants, the cushions reported to reach one meter in diameter (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dudley 11194</emphasis>
|
||
), and 15 cm high (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Barclay 5176</emphasis>
|
||
). Branchlets 1-5 cm, densely and uniformly leafy.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
linear-subulate, 10-20 mm long including the open basal sheath 3-4 mm long, 1.2-1.7 mm wide at midpoint, ca. 2.5 mm wide at ampliate base; apex narrowly obtuse to rounded, if sharp-cuspidate the tip deflexed downward and not evident in adaxial view; inconspicuously appressed-pilose (rarely ciliate) in juvenile state, glabrate at maturity except for the irregularly ciliate basal sheath; "dark green and glossy" when fresh (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dudley 11060</emphasis>
|
||
), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, the adaxial surface smooth, the abaxial surface often with margins prominently thickened in older leaves and 1-3 veins more or less salient.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
solitary and terminal, with one to four produced in succession along a sympodially branched axis, the lower appearing axillary.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Peduncles</emphasis>
|
||
(7-) 9-25 (-35) mm long, ca. 3-costate, obscurely angled, pale, glabrous to obscurely appressed-puberulent, usually with a collar of longer silvery hairs at apex investing base of involucre.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Peduncle sheaths</emphasis>
|
||
(9-) 10-17 (-25) mm long, equaling or surpassing the leaf mat by up to 5 mm, the lamina (tip) of the sheath 3-4 mm long, inflated, scarious, somewhat cucullate, almost closed at the apex in bud before emergence of capitulum, tufted-ciliolate at apex when young, often glabrate, frequently splitting into 3 triangular segments with emergence of capitulum.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Capitula</emphasis>
|
||
3-4 mm in diameter. Involucres subequaling flowers at anthesis;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">involucral bracts</emphasis>
|
||
2-3-seriate, the outer bracts triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, dull gold, tinged gray or occasionally blackish on shoulders; the inner bracts usually more strongly pigmented except for the paler midvein; bracts bearded apically especially along upper midvein, the upper margin short-ciliate with proximal cilia slightly longer, often early glabrate abaxially. Bract and floral trichomes obtuse to clavate, subhyaline, obscurely ornamented within and very obscurely tuberculate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
about 8-14 per capitulum, the pistillate flowers peripheral, the staminate central, equalling to subequalling the pistillate in number; the receptacle sparingly pilose or pilose only toward center. Receptacular bracts equaling to subequaling flowers, broadly linear-subspatulate, ca. 6 times longer than wide, the apex often slightly cucullate and pubescent as the sepals, the base distinctly carinate, clasping.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: Pedicels ca. 0.1-0.35 mm, thick, glabrous, often becoming callose-thickened in fruit (Peru), leaving characteristic
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘stumps’">'stumps'</normalizedToken>
|
||
on the empty receptacle after abscission of flowers.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
broadly obovate, strongly cymbiform, with apex convex-acute to obtuse (1.35-) 1.5-2.0 mm long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6-1.0 mm wide (width variable within a flower), (0.25-) 0.35-0.4 (-0.5) mm wide at the base; black-mottled on shoulders, the midvein area paler brown; short-ciliate along upper margin and bearded with longer appressed hairs on upper dorsum; membranaceous to chartaceous at anthesis, enlarging slightly and becoming uniformly thickened, and often rigid in fruit, husk-like and non-hygroscopic, enclosing the corolla and fruit and dispersed with it.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
oblanceolate-spatulate, obtuse to often emarginate or truncate-emarginate, (1.2-) 1.35-1.7 (-1.85) mm long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(.35-) 0.4-0.7 (-0.8) mm wide, ca. 2.2-3.2 (-4.9) times longer than wide, cream to brownish-tinged, with scale-like staminode at base, pilose abaxially near margins of distal half with more or less tuberculate trichomes, also densely tufted subapically within in two patches either side of the apex, which enfold the style branch; like the sepals becoming more or less rigid-thickened in fruit, the staminode also thickening and tightly adherent to both petal and ovary base.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gynoecium</emphasis>
|
||
with ovary 0.5 mm at anthesis, ca. 0.85 mm in fruit; the style base 0.3-0.5 mm long; the nectaries with stalks 0.25-0.65 mm long, glandular portion 0.2-0.35 mm long, very dark brown or dark reddish, subclavate, with a ring of brown membranous papillae ca. 2-3 rows thick at the apex, the whole structure maintaining its shape after anthesis; style branches 0.6-1.0 (-1.2) mm long, usually ca. 0.2 mm longer than nectaries though often developing unequally, the stigmas simple, dark red-brown, non-involute after anthesis. Seeds subglobose to ellipsoid, mostly 0.6-065 mm long, 0.4-0.55 mm wide, red-brown, reticulate with short weak pseudotrichomes, sometimes glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: Pedicels 0.15 mm to obsolete.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sepals</emphasis>
|
||
(1.2-) 1.35-1.75 mm long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5-0.85 mm, usually strongly and unequally fused at base for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
-3/4 their length, obovate-navicular above, the apex obtuse-angled to broadly rounded, the tubular base often rigid and obconic at maturity; color and pubescence as in the pistillate flowers.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Corolla</emphasis>
|
||
including anthophore 1.35-1.9 mm; the anthophore 0.65-1.35 mm long, usually ca. 60-70% the corolla
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">length</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, ca. 0.2-0.35 mm diameter at base, fleshy and columnar at maturity; the corolla tube 0.35-0.75 mm deep, fleshy towards base especially opposite the filaments, the corolla lobes hyaline to brownish, obtuse, 0.15-0.35 mm, not involute after anthesis; intermediate lobes lacking.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stamen</emphasis>
|
||
filaments with the basal half fleshy, terete and adnate to the corolla, abruptly narrowed and loosely adhering to the lobes above, exsert 0.2-0.5 mm beyond the lobes, the exsert portion dark reddish-brown especially at tip; anthers cream-colored, ca. 0.3-0.35 mm long, usually deciduous after anthesis and not present in fruiting capitula. Nectaries similar to those of pistillate flowers, reaching or slightly surpassing the corolla sinuses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The epithet is taken from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">caryonaute</emphasis>
|
||
(nom. sing.), the name given to the "nutshell sailors" in Lucian of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Samosata’s">Samosata's</normalizedToken>
|
||
tale
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">True Stories</emphasis>
|
||
. It refers to the diaspores enclosed by the thick buoyant perianth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
In Peru and Bolivia, collected in early anthesis in November and December, and with older inflorescences in all months from February to September. The
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">dry</pageBreakToken>
|
||
season here is May to August but mitigated at higher elevations by cloud cover (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boyle, B" editor="Alonso, LE" journalOrPublisher="Conservation International, Washington, D. C." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="69 - 79" publicationUrl="https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Boyle, B, 2001. Vegetation of two sites in the northern Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru. In: Alonso, LE, Alonso, A, Schulenberg, TS, Dallmeier, F, Eds., Biological and social assessments of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru. Conservation International, Washington, D.C.: 69 - 79, https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" title="Vegetation of two sites in the northern Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru." url="https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" volumeTitle="Biological and social assessments of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru." year="2001">Boyle 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cano, A" editor="Churchill, SP" journalOrPublisher="New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="271 - 280" refId="B7" refString="Cano, A, Young, KR, Leon, B, Foster, RB, 1995. Composition and diversity of flowering plants in the upper montane forest of Manu National Park, southern Peru. In: Churchill, SP, Balslev, H, Forero, E, Luteyn, JL, Eds., Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY: 271 - 280" title="Composition and diversity of flowering plants in the upper montane forest of Manu National Park, southern Peru." volumeTitle="Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests." year="1995">Cano et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Colombia and Ecuador, collected on the wet eastern slopes in the slightly drier periods June to September and January; and on the drier western slopes, in the wetter months of March and December (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" editor="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="85 - 125" refId="B49" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, 2000. Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia. In: Rangel-Ch., JO, Ed., Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia. Inst. Cienc. Nat., Univ. Nac. de Colomba, Bogota: 85 - 125" title="Clima de la Region Paramuna en Colombia." volumeTitle="Colombia Diversidad Biotica III. Region de vida paramuna de Colombia." year="2000">Rangel-Ch. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Colombia (Central Cordillera): Cauca,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Ecuador: Carchi, probably
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Peru: Cuzco,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pasco. Bolivia: La Paz. In addition, some atypical specimens or hybrids (see below) are known from the Western and Eastern Cordilleras of Colombia, in Antioquia, Meta, and Norte de Santander. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Paepalanthus caryonauta and suspected hybrids, Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae, and Paepalanthus " Species A. "" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92248" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In Peru and Bolivia, this species is restricted to a narrow band of wet paramo-like habitat on the high eastern slope of the Andes, while in Ecuador and Colombia it is found in open wet
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
. It is reported from boggy wet bunchgrass meadows (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pajonal</emphasis>
|
||
) with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Adans. or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca procera" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="procera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Festuca procera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, in shallow waterlogged soil of ridgetops and rocky slopes, and in cloud forests and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
degraded by fire. In Ecuador and Colombia also reported from depressions in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Espeletia" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Espeletia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boyle, B" editor="Alonso, LE" journalOrPublisher="Conservation International, Washington, D. C." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="69 - 79" publicationUrl="https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Boyle, B, 2001. Vegetation of two sites in the northern Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru. In: Alonso, LE, Alonso, A, Schulenberg, TS, Dallmeier, F, Eds., Biological and social assessments of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru. Conservation International, Washington, D.C.: 69 - 79, https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" title="Vegetation of two sites in the northern Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru." url="https://library.conservation.org/Published%20Documents/2009/RAP_Working%20Papers_12.pdf" volumeTitle="Biological and social assessments of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru." year="2001">Boyle (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describes the species as common in the Cordillera Vilcabamba (Peru: Cuzco/
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
), forming a cushiony matrix together with mat-forming species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Xyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xyris" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Xyris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gronov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
between tussocks of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Elevation (2940-) 3100-4000 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="conservation notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conservation notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
This species is known from two disjunct paramo zones, one about 475 km long in the northern Andes and one 950 km long in the central Andes. However, unlike related
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is not reported from disturbed areas, and rare outlying populations in Colombia show signs of introgression with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the event of climatic drying or warming this species would be vulnerable, especially in the southern part of its range where suitable habitat is narrowly restricted to the eastern slope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="misapplied names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Misapplied names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" form="corei" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii subsp. f." order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="karstenii" subSpecies="f.">Paepalanthus karstenii f. corei</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moldenke, HN" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="434 - 459" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.part.14430" refId="B44" refString="Moldenke, HN, 1983. Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XCIV. Phytologia 54: 434 - 459, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.14430" title="Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XCIV." url="10.5962/bhl.part.14430" volume="54" year="1983">Moldenke (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in part,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hensold, N" editor="Jorgensen, PM" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="581 - 583" refId="B21" refString="Hensold, N, 2014. Eriocaulaceae. In: Jorgensen, PM, Nee, MH, Beck, SG, Eds., Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 581 - 583" title="Eriocaulaceae." volume="127" volumeTitle="Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia." year="2014">Hensold (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, non (Moldenke) Moldenke;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus muscosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus muscosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu R.C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, RC" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B14" refString="Foster, RC, 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 184: 1 - 223" title="A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia." volume="184" year="1958">Foster (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moldenke, HN" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="29 - 44" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46978page/37/mode/1up" refId="B43" refString="Moldenke, HN, 1979. Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXXIII. Phytologia 42: 29 - 44, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46978page/37/mode/1up" title="Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXXIII." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46978page/37/mode/1up" volume="42" year="1979">Moldenke (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in part,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Balslev, H" editor="Ramsay, PM" journalOrPublisher="Pebble & Shell, Plymouth" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B4" refString="Balslev, H, 2001. Vascular plants on Volcan Chiles and Paramo del Angel, Ecuador - a preliminary list. In: Ramsay, PM, Ed., The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia Border. Pebble & Shell, Plymouth: 1 - 25" title="Vascular plants on Volcan Chiles and Paramo del Angel, Ecuador - a preliminary list." volumeTitle="The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia Border." year="2001">Balslev (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in part, non
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körn">Koern</normalizedToken>
|
||
.;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brako, L" editor="Brako, L" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="425 - 426" refId="B6" refString="Brako, L, Hensold, N, 1993. Eriocaulaceae. In: Brako, L, Zarucchi, J, Eds., Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: 425 - 426" title="Eriocaulaceae." volume="45" volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru." year="1993">Brako and Hensold (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in part, non (Kunth in H.B.K.) Kunth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="dicussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dicussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
This species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a similar cushion-forming habit and similar habitat, and is often confused with that species (or "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"). In his later annotations, Moldenke frequently identified this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" form="corei" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii subsp. f." order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="karstenii" subSpecies="f.">Paepalanthus karstenii f. corei</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moldenke) Moldenke. It has also frequently been distributed as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus muscosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus muscosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subsect.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Dichocladus" lsidName="Dichocladus" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which also has rounded leaf tips. The report of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus muscosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus muscosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Ecuador by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Balslev, H" editor="Ramsay, PM" journalOrPublisher="Pebble & Shell, Plymouth" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B4" refString="Balslev, H, 2001. Vascular plants on Volcan Chiles and Paramo del Angel, Ecuador - a preliminary list. In: Ramsay, PM, Ed., The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia Border. Pebble & Shell, Plymouth: 1 - 25" title="Vascular plants on Volcan Chiles and Paramo del Angel, Ecuador - a preliminary list." volumeTitle="The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia Border." year="2001">Balslev (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is based on vouchers of both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriocaulon microcephalum" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcephalum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eriocaulon microcephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species recently cited as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus muscosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus muscosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moscol Olivera, MC" journalOrPublisher="Phytocoenologia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="79 - 107" publicationUrl="10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0079" refId="B45" refString="Moscol Olivera, MC, Cleef, AM, 2009. A phytosociologial study of the paramo along two altitudinal transects in El Carchi province, northern Ecuador. Phytocoenologia 39: 79 - 107, DOI: 10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0079" title="A phytosociologial study of the paramo along two altitudinal transects in El Carchi province, northern Ecuador." url="10.1127/0340-269X/2009/0039-0079" volume="39" year="2009">Moscol and Cleef 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coombes, L" editor="Ramsay, PM" journalOrPublisher="Pebble & Shell, Plymouth, UK" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="47 - 54" refId="B10" refString="Coombes, L, Ramsay, PM, 2001. Vegetation of a cushion mire at 3600 m on Volcan Chiles, Ecuador. In: Ramsay, PM, Ed., The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia border. Pebble & Shell, Plymouth, UK: 47 - 54" title="Vegetation of a cushion mire at 3600 m on Volcan Chiles, Ecuador." volumeTitle="The Ecology of Volcan Chiles: High-altitude Ecosystems on the Ecuador-Colombia border." year="2001">Coombes and Ramsay 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in vegetation studies of cushion mires in northern Ecuador thus may correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in part or full, but confirmation is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the obtuse leaf tips, and by the sepals uniformly thickened and persistent in fruit, to form an ovoid-ellipsoid diaspore. Even in anthesis, the sepals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are about twice as broad at the base as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be recognized by eye due to subtle differences in aspect and leaf orientation, with the leaves commonly flatter and more ascending, i.e., less
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">conduplicate</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and recurved than is commonly seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Boeke, who collected
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an intermediate form of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the same locality (see below), noted that in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the cushions were "easy to separate" and in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">Paepalanthus aff. caryonauta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, "difficult to separate." In the Cordillera Vilcabamba Dudley reported cushions up to 3 feet in diameter (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dudley 11194</emphasis>
|
||
). However in disturbed roadside
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
at Acjanaco,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young, KR" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Lima" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="381 - 393" refId="B76" refString="Young, KR, Cano, A, 1994. Aporte floristico de la puna del Parque Nacional del Manu. Boletin de Lima 16 (91-96): 381 - 393" title="Aporte floristico de la puna del Parque Nacional del Manu." volume="16" year="1994">Young and Cano (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comment on the paucity of cushion plants, and do not recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
("
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
") as a significant cushion plant species. For other differentiating characters, see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Character comparison of Paepalanthus caryonauta, Paepalanthus dendroides, and Paepalanthus pilosus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B704743A5AF490CE1D399FE51EFC7BF8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Character comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Terrestrial or emergent aquatic; 1900-3200 m; to 3900 m in Cuzco</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Terrestrial, not in standing water; (2900-) 3100-4000 (-4300) m.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Leaf apex shape</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Convex-acute to acute, cuspidate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Acute, cuspidate to short-aristate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Narrowly rounded; if cuspidate, tip sharply deflexed</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Leaf pubescence at adaxial apex; at distal margins</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Glabrous to persistently hirsutulous; not ciliate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Glabrous (N*) to pilose (S); often prominent long scattered cilia (N)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Early glabrate; not ciliate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Peduncles</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">20-130 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">1.5-8 mm (fl); 20-100 mm (fr)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">7-35 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Capitulum diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">3-5 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">3-6 mm (S); 3-8 mm (N)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">3-4 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">♀ Sepal length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">1.2-1.9 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">(1.4-) 2.0-2.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">1.3-2.0 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Sepals in fruit</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
|
||
Hygroscopic thickening along basal midline; detaching from fruit at maturity. (Except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus subsp. var. var. leoniae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosus" subSpecies="var." variety="leoniae">Paepalanthus pilosus var. leoniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Thickened throughout; non-hygroscopic, enclosing fruit</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">♀ Petals: Length/Width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">L/W = 1.6-2.3 Broadly spatulate, densely pilose along upper margin</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">L/W = (2-)3-6 Oblanceolate, usu. acute, sparingly tufted</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">L/W = 2.2-3.5 Oblanceolate-spatulate, obtuse; sparingly tufted</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Nectaries</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Colorless (N) to pale pink-brown (S); weak, partly collapsed in old flowers</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Dark red-brown, rigid, erect and exsert in old flowers.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Nectary position ♂ flower</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Only about half-reaching the corolla sinuses.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Reaching the corolla tube sinuses.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Seeds</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Pink to orange-brown; pseudotrichomes weak</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Red-brown; pseudotrichomes separating when wet, remaining erect</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(N) and (S) refer to northern and southern parts of species distribution.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more uniform morphology throughout its range than its close relatives. However, in Colombia and Ecuador the plants have less thickening in the leaves and flowers, the presence of a short pedicel in the staminate flowers, and peduncles often shorter at flowering time, approaching those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="hybridization">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hybridization.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mostly allopatric, but in Colombia there are points of contact where intermediates occur. Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
|
||
common in the Nudo de los Pastos and Central Cordillera of Colombia, from which only one historical collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known, collected ca. 1842. However at the isolated Paramo Frontino in the Western Cordillera, typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with a morphologically intermediate form of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two elements were treated as "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" and "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii subsp. var. var. corei" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="karstenii" subSpecies="var." variety="corei">Paepalanthus karstenii var. corei</taxonomicName>
|
||
," respectively, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rangel-Ch., JO" journalOrPublisher="Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="833 - 857" refId="B52" refString="Rangel-Ch., JO, Sanchez, D, 2005. La flora del paramo de Frontino. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 6: 833 - 857" title="La flora del paramo de Frontino." volume="6" year="2005">
|
||
Rangel-Ch. and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In 1976, both elements were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Espeletia" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Espeletia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paramo at Llano Grande, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">Paepalanthus aff. caryonauta</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from well-drained hillside (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Boeke & McElroy 269</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Bryopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphagnum" order="Sphagnales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bog (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Boeke & McElroy 265</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">Paepalanthus aff. caryonauta</taxonomicName>
|
||
was re-collected at the same locality in 1986 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roldán">Roldan</normalizedToken>
|
||
402
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1989 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
MacDougal &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roldán">Roldan</normalizedToken>
|
||
4463
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, MO). These intermediate plants produce normal seed but have intermediate diaspore morphology (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Flowers of Paepalanthus caryonauta (A-O) and suspected hybrid (P). A-G Pistillate flowers in anthesis A Involucral bract subtending flower B Whole flower C Sepal (abaxial) D Petal, adaxial E Petal, abaxial F Flower with one petal and two sepals removed G Gynoecial nectaries H-I Staminate flowers in anthesis H Floral bract I Flower J Staminate flower showing post-anthesis thickening, two anthers fallen K-L Mature diaspores M Diaspore with sepals removed, with thickened petals N-O Seeds P Mature flower of probable hybrid (Roldan 402), with seed. (A-I, N Valenzuela 8117 J-K Dudley 11060 L, O Boyle 4219 M Dudley 11194)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92247" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5P</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rounded glossy leaves resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but those of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Boeke & McElroy 269</emphasis>
|
||
have long scattered cilia at the upper margin, a trait otherwise only known in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In the eastern Cordillera of Colombia,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is abundant, while only two specimens suggesting atypical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were confirmed, these from opposite ends of the eastern Cordillera, on east-facing slopes. At the south end, an intermediate plant, similar to that of Paramo Frontino, but with flowers mostly abortive, was collected from the eastern slope of Sumapaz National Park (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. Diaz-Piedrahita 2608</emphasis>
|
||
). This location is just south of the southernmost confirmed Colombian collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To the north,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cuatrecasas 10302</emphasis>
|
||
(F), collected at the "extreme east" of Paramo Santurban (Norte de Santander) may represent
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or a hybrid intermediate, differing by the light gold bracts. Sympatric taxa in this area include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the taxon treated below as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
In southern Peru, typical
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in mixed populations with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the entrance to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manú">Manu</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park (Abra Acjanaco, Cuzco). Both taxa have been abundantly collected and are readily distinguished in the field (A.Cano, pers. comm.) However, in Pasco (Oxapampa), where both species also occur, a sterile intermediate between the two has been collected. (See discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1944-12-03" collectingDateMax="1957-08-22" collectingDateMin="1944-12-03" collectorName="La Plata, Barclay, Cuatrecasas" country="COLOMBIA" elevation="3200" location="Rio Palo" municipality="Purace" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cauca">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Cauca">Cauca</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Purace</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectorName>La Plata</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1957-08-22">22 Aug 1957</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Barclay</collectorName>
|
||
5176
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO); cabeceras
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:CC322E0B51B4693E1E956E2F8FE332B0" country="COLOMBIA" municipality="Purace" name="Rio Palo" stateProvince="Cauca">Rio Palo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1944-12-03">3 Dec 1944</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
|
||
19099
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-06-09" collectorName="Baca" country="Colombia" elevation="3300" location="Paramo de Las Piedras" municipality="Mpio. Tangua" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Narino">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Narino">Narino</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Mpio. Tangua</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:AE2710D5771E807233C8C5D0E97F4BDF" country="Colombia" municipality="Mpio. Tangua" name="Paramo de Las Piedras" stateProvince="Narino">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Las Piedras
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-06-09">9 Jun 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Baca</collectorName>
|
||
et al. Y-118
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(COL [COL000257193])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1946-03-24" collectorName="Cuatrecasas" country="Colombia" elevation="3330" location="Rio Tulua" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Cabeceras
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:C192DF34AEDB91CA766B9E63657BAACB" country="Colombia" name="Rio Tulua" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Rio Tulua</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="3.28" unit="m" value="3330.0" valueMax="3380.0" valueMin="3280.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="3.28" unit="m" value="3330.0" valueMax="3380.0" valueMin="3280.0">3280-3380 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1946-03-24">24 Mar 1946</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
|
||
20278
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1957-08-23" collectingDateMax="1977-01-24" collectingDateMin="1957-08-23" collectorName="Paramo El Angel, Ollgaard, Balslev" country="ECUADOR" elevation="3700" location="Paramo del Angel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:2B9CFDB7F3E6F1071306BF42FDE9310F" country="ECUADOR" name="Paramo del Angel" stateProvince="Carchi">Paramo del Angel</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1957-08-23">23 Aug 1957</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Barclay 5136</emphasis>
|
||
(MO),
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-09-28">28 Sep 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Barclay 9374</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán-Maldonado">Tulcan-Maldonado</normalizedToken>
|
||
hwy, km
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93845" unit="m" value="29.3845">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.93845" unit="m" value="29.3845">29, 3845 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1977-01-24">24 Jan 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Boeke 803</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<collectorName>Paramo El Angel</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1973-01-04">4 Jan 1973</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Humbles 6086</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Rd
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán-Maldonado">Tulcan-Maldonado</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 38,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1976-08-04">4 Aug 1976</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">
|
||
<collectorName>Ollgaard</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Balslev</collectorName>
|
||
8460
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-07-14" collectorName="Cordillera Villcabamba W, Dudley" country="PERU" elevation="3300" latitude="-12.6" location="Rio" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Prov. La Convencion" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cuzco">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cusco">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Prov. La Convencion</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Cordillera Villcabamba W</collectorName>
|
||
slopes,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.6">12°36'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.5">73°30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1968-07-14">14 Jul 1968</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Dudley</collectorName>
|
||
11060
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F),
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Hda. Luisiana">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Hda. Luisiana
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:1E0B021C4F8A0DF5EB7A94CCAC2722FD" country="PERU" latitude="-12.6" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Prov. La Convencion" name="Rio" stateProvince="Cuzco">Rio</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-07-17" collectingDateMax="1982-08-04" collectingDateMin="1968-07-17" collectorName="Dudley, Huayopata, Incatambo, S, Peyton" country="Peru" elevation="3500" latitude="-12.5" location="Rio Lucumayo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Apurimac">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Apurimac">Apurimac</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.5">12°30'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 73°30"W,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400-3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1968-07-17">17 Jul 1968</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Dudley</collectorName>
|
||
11194
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F(2), MO, USM);
|
||
<collectorName>Huayopata</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectorName>Incatambo, S</collectorName>
|
||
side of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:F7437A17A77E954070261547F0EBE224" country="Peru" latitude="-12.5" name="Rio Lucumayo" stateProvince="Apurimac">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lucumayo
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" unit="m" value="3430.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" unit="m" value="3430.0">3430 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1982-08-04">4 Aug 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectorName>Peyton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Peyton</collectorName>
|
||
914
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1925-05-03" collectingDateMax="1991-03-02" collectingDateMin="1925-05-03" collectorName="de Lali, de El Mirador, Leon, Young, de Cusilluyoc, Pennell" country="Peru" county="Prov. Paucartambo" elevation="3800" location="Alturas de Lali" municipality="Parque Nac. del Manu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cuzco">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cusco">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Prov. Paucartambo</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Parque Nac. del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manú">Manu</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:588666BBE4D6A1C351C4B178A326E549" country="Peru" county="Prov. Paucartambo" municipality="Parque Nac. del Manu" name="Alturas de Lali" stateProvince="Cuzco">
|
||
Alturas
|
||
<collectorName>de Lali</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="3.75" unit="m" value="3800.0" valueMax="3850.0" valueMin="3750.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="3.75" unit="m" value="3800.0" valueMax="3850.0" valueMin="3750.0">3750-3850 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1990-07-18">18 Jul 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cano 3872</emphasis>
|
||
(F, USM n.v.),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Cano</pageBreakToken>
|
||
3873a
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USM [photo]); Acjanaco, Cerro Macho Cruz,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" unit="m" value="3450.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" unit="m" value="3450.0">3450 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1990-08-30">30 Aug 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cano 4024</emphasis>
|
||
(F, USM n.v.),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3425.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="m" value="3425.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400-3450 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1991-03-02">2 Mar 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cano 4465</emphasis>
|
||
(F p.p., USM [photo] p.p., mixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName>de El Mirador</collectorName>
|
||
a Cerro Macho Cruz,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" unit="m" value="3550.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" unit="m" value="3550.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3500.0">3500-3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1990-07-21">21 Jul 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">
|
||
<collectorName>Leon</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Young</collectorName>
|
||
2245
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, USM); Cerro Macho Cruz,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1990-09-03">3 Sep 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">
|
||
<collectorName>Leon</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Young</collectorName>
|
||
2431
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USM [photo]); Tres Cruces,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-04-04">4 Apr 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
7773
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F p.p., USM p.p., mixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:B31951EA806ABAAF1CA7C44B961E4386" country="Peru" county="Prov. Paucartambo" municipality="Parque Nac. del Manu" name="Paso de Tres Cruces" stateProvince="Cuzco">Paso de Tres Cruces</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:ACCEDCC314541F40D40D7247DB97AEA2" country="Peru" county="Prov. Paucartambo" municipality="Parque Nac. del Manu" name="Cerro de Cusilluyoc" stateProvince="Cuzco">
|
||
Cerro
|
||
<collectorName>de Cusilluyoc</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="m" value="3850.0" valueMax="3900.0" valueMin="3800.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="m" value="3850.0" valueMax="3900.0" valueMin="3800.0">3800-3900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1925-05-03">3 May 1925</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectorName>Pennell</collectorName>
|
||
13864
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-06-08" collectorName="La Convencion, Boyle" country="Peru" county="Prov. Satipo" elevation="3375" latitude="-11.66" location="Rio Ene" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.66722" municipality="Cordillera Vilcabamba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Junin">Junin</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cusco">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Prov. Satipo</collectingCounty>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName>La Convencion</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cordillera Vilcabamba</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:E60D25C81E5B88818F239C5F47ABC04C" country="Peru" county="Prov. Satipo" latitude="-11.66" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.66722" municipality="Cordillera Vilcabamba" name="Rio Ene" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ene
|
||
</location>
|
||
slope,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-11.66">11°39'36"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-73.66722">73°40'02"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3350.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="3350.0">3350-3400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1997-06-08">8 Jun 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectorName>Boyle</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 4219
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, USM)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-12-02" collectorName="Monteagudo" country="Peru" county="Prov. Oxapampa" elevation="2940" latitude="-10.380278" location="Parque Nac. Yanachaga-Chemillen" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.46166" municipality="Distr. Huancabamba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Prov. Oxapampa</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Distr. Huancabamba</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:DB131FE370CE0CF56A1AFCE91F3B9D6F" country="Peru" county="Prov. Oxapampa" latitude="-10.380278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.46166" municipality="Distr. Huancabamba" name="Parque Nac. Yanachaga-Chemillen" stateProvince="Pasco">Parque Nac. Yanachaga-Chemillen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:E9C5D1F7442C676FEA24554F662C7F3D" country="Peru" county="Prov. Oxapampa" latitude="-10.380278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.46166" municipality="Distr. Huancabamba" name="Abra Yanachaga" stateProvince="Pasco">Abra Yanachaga</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-10.380278">10°22'49"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-75.46166">75°27'42"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" unit="m" value="2940.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" unit="m" value="2940.0">2940 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-12-02">2 Dec 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectorName>Monteagudo</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 16143
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO n.v., USM n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1901-09-11" collectingDateMax="2009-03-28" collectingDateMin="1901-09-11" collectorName="Fuentes, Huaylla, Cocopunco, G. H. Tate, Tolapampa, R. S. Williams" country="BOLIVIA" elevation="3600" latitude="-14.885" location="Parque Nac. Madidi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.77639" municipality="Franz Tamayo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Paz">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bolivia">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Bolivia" name="La Paz">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Franz</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Tamayo
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47174899A3567BBC7B9945E2B1F54767:3979827B6C8984366008A85C7F848557" country="BOLIVIA" latitude="-14.885" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.77639" municipality="Franz Tamayo" name="Parque Nac. Madidi" stateProvince="La Paz">Parque Nac. Madidi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Queara" secondLocation="Mojos, Calistia">
|
||
entre Queara y Mojos,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Calistía">Calistia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-14.690556">14°41'26"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-68.99555">68°59'44"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2008-02-25">25 Feb 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fuentes et al. 12018</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Bautista Saavedra, Apolobamba, sector Codo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-14.885">14°53'06"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-68.77639">68°46'35"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2739999999999996" unit="m" value="3274.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2739999999999996" unit="m" value="3274.0">3274 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-03-28">28 Mar 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectorName>Fuentes</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Huaylla</collectorName>
|
||
13574
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO);
|
||
<collectorName>Cocopunco</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" unit="ft" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" unit="ft" value="10.0">10,000 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1926-03-24">24 Mar 1926</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectorName>G.H. Tate</collectorName>
|
||
382
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY);
|
||
<collectorName>Tolapampa</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" unit="ft" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" unit="ft" value="10.0">10,000 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1901-09-11">11 Sep 1901</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<collectorName>R.S. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
842
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="atypical specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atypical specimens</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
(not paratypes). Intermediates with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: COLOMBIA. Antioquia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Paramo de Frontino, near Llano Grande, 3450 m, 27 Oct 1976,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Boeke 269</emphasis>
|
||
(MO), Urrao, Paramo de Frontino, camino que va del Morro al Quince, 3450 m, 11 Sep 1986,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roldán">Roldan</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 402
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meta</emphasis>
|
||
: Macizo Sumapaz entre Boqueron del Buque and Laguna del Nevado, 3600 m, 7 Jul 1981,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diaz-Piedrahita 2608</emphasis>
|
||
(COL n.v., MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norte de Santander</emphasis>
|
||
: Paramo de Santurban, 3300-3500 m, 27 Jul 1940,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cuatrecasas & Garcia-Barriga 10302</emphasis>
|
||
(F, see discussion).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Intermediate with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus dendroides" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendroides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paepalanthus dendroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: PERU. Pasco
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Dist. Huancabamba. Sector Santa Barbara, Parque Nacional
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.2">10°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.36667">75°22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3200-3250 m, 27 Jan 2005,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monteagudo et al. 7938</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO n.v.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |