138 lines
14 KiB
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138 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="74F58DDAE5700115E22B3F4CEC52A4E0">Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Dutch Leeward Islands, with a key to the adults and fourth instar larvae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CABD120B659F51BB122325B313BFF97B">Cooper, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34709BE4AD06965FA3EE6C311B3B8FBE">Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF61DF71B59CA92425E441A55DA75AAF">Macdonald, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C90F96234583070762CD3F557CC93FE">Nanova, Olga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D894744C5E592BC0BB531E3AE30E26E">Yudin, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA4BE4BB5C579758E83F21EC83EBFD3D">Dugmore, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0254DBD6DD83438B35A6E1FA2734C91">Kitchener, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="499BA5CA646108BE7E6724F5F27206DF">Contributions to Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="845B0E6DD98422D10034B8E5AC8DE713">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DF482428CE630583B19E4F32C5984B5A">2020-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CF8848EF6DC699A4257B1D384C37CEED">89</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3530B60A2592EE2CA7E697932CC948FF">373</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="C4B695A73DA14326037D9A6E82A18484" type="DOI">10.1163/18759866-bja10005</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="041111C1BD319070B5B684D11004B92F" type="ISSN">1875-9866</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8881F853F7EDEB33FB343BED6A16B831" type="Zenodo-Dep">8343373</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3371C9493651FFE811FEFF4EFBABFA38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3371C9493651FFE811FEFF4EFBABFA38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3371C9493651FFE811FEFF4EFBABFA38" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">
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<subSubSection id="F3C22BD43651FFE811FEFF4EFB8DFF2C" box="[677,1137,171,198]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB67785F3651FFE811FEFF4EFB8DFF2C" blockId="10.[677,1137,171,198]" box="[677,1137,171,198]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3651FFE811FEFF4EFB8DFF2C" ID-CoL="8BN88" authority="(Coquillett, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[677,1137,171,198]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulcatus" subGenus="Culex">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3651FFE811FEFF4EFC50FF2F" box="[677,940,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Culex (Culex) bisulcatus</emphasis>
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(Coquillett, 1906)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F3C22BD43651FFE811FEFF2AFBABFA38" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" type="description">
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3651FFE811FEFF2AFCA1FF03" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[677,861,207,233]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulcatus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3651FFE811FEFF2AFCA1FF03" box="[677,861,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Culex bisulcatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3651FFE817DBFF35FBCEFEE7" authority="(NeveuLemaire, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="NeveuLemaire" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3651FFE817DBFF35FCDAFEE7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Cx. americanus</emphasis>
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(NeveuLemaire, 1902)
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81736FF11FD14FED8" author="Dyar, H. G." pageId="10" pageNumber="383" refId="ref10893" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The Mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute, Washington, D. C., Washington, DC." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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, but restored by
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE810F1FEF2FBCFFED8" author="Stone, A." box="[938,1075,279,306]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref12758" refString="Stone, A. (1967) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the World, supplement III (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington. 69, 197 - 224." type="journal article" year="1967">Stone (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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as a valid species.
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81059FEDEFC11FEBF" author="Berlin, O. G. W." box="[770,1005,315,341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="21 - 63" refId="ref10115" refString="Berlin, O. G. W. (1969 a) Mosquito Studies (Diptera, Culicidae) XVIII. The Subgenus Micraedes of Culex. Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 5, 21 - 63." type="journal article" year="1969">Berlin (1969a: 30–34)</bibRefCitation>
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re-analyzed the material of Van der Kuyp and concluded that the material belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3651FFE810F6FE66FBB8FE77" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[941,1092,387,413]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulcatus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3651FFE810F6FE66FBB8FE77" box="[941,1092,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Cx. bisulcatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Material from the Leeward Islands matches the topotypic material from
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE810C8FE2FFBE2FE0E" box="[915,1054,458,484]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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, except for the number of setae on the 9th tergite lobe of the male genitalia, which are more numerous on those of the Leeward Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81702FDD3FD1FFD9E" author="Berlin, O. G. W." pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="21 - 63" refId="ref10115" refString="Berlin, O. G. W. (1969 a) Mosquito Studies (Diptera, Culicidae) XVIII. The Subgenus Micraedes of Culex. Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 5, 21 - 63." type="journal article" year="1969">Berlin, 1969a</bibRefCitation>
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). Up to now, this taxonomic problem has not been addressed using modern genetic analysis. Due to a lack of genetic reference material, we were unable to address this problem in the current study. In this study, larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="7CD803DC3651FFE8119DFCEBFC9DFCC2" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[710,865,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulcatus">
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<emphasis id="89ACA44D3651FFE8119DFCEBFC9DFCC2" box="[710,865,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Cx. bisulcatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were only observed in bromeliads on
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE81070FCD7FC9FFCA6" box="[811,867,818,844]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Saba</collectingCountry>
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. The species was previously also recorded on
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE810DEFCB0FBD5FC85" box="[901,1065,853,879]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Sint Eustatius</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE8172DFCB0FCF8FC7E" name="Sint Martin" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Sint Maarten</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81048FC9FFC19FC7E" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[787,997,889,916]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="747 - 749" refId="ref12797" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1948) Mosquito records of the Netherlands Windward Islands. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 28, 747 - 749." type="journal article" year="1948">Van der Kuyp, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE810B5FC9FFBDDFC7E" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[1006,1057,890,916]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="69 - 70" refId="ref12830" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1949) Annotated list of mosquitoes of the Netherlands Antilles including French St. Martin, with a note on Eutriatoma maculata on Curacao and Bonaire. Doc. Neerl. Indones. Morbis Trop. 1, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81772FC9CFBA6FC7E" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[1065,1114,889,916]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="144 - 148" refId="ref12879" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1953) Culicinae from the Netherlands Antilles and some other Caribbean localities. Stud. Fauna Curacao other Caribb. Islands 4, 144 - 148." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81738FC9CFB6FFC7E" author="Van der Kuyp, E." box="[1123,1171,889,916]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="37 - 114" refId="ref12913" refString="Van der Kuyp, E. (1954) Mosquitoes of the Netherlands Antilles and their hygienic importance. Stud. Fauna Curacao other Caribb. Islands 5, 37 - 114." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
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), but was not retrieved from these locations despite considerable efforts. There are two possible explanations for this. First, climatological conditions were suboptimal for this species during our visit. This may be an explanation for
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE8107AFBB4FC3CFB81" box="[801,960,1105,1131]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Sint Eustatius</collectingCountry>
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, where most of the sampled phytotelmata were dry in comparison to the summer when they may be filled with water. Second, the number of bromeliads was strongly reduced due to urbanization and recent hurricanes on
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE810C0FAE1FBCCFAF5" box="[923,1072,1284,1311]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Sint Maarten</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DF4905AE3651FFE81718FAE1FCB9FAA9" author="Richardson, M. J. & Richardson, B. A. & Srivastava, D. S." pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="201 - 207" refId="ref12617" refString="Richardson, M. J., Richardson, B. A. & Srivastava, D. S. (2015) The stability of invertebrate communities in bromeliad phytotelmata in a rain forest subject to hurricanes. Biotropica 47, 201 - 207." type="journal article" year="2015">Richardson et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), as we observed many bromeliads on fallen branches. Despite sampling dozens of bromeliads on Sint Peter Hill and the South Reward, the only remaining habitat on
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<collectingCountry id="C3CF38CF3651FFE81193FA5DFCA7FA38" box="[712,859,1464,1490]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Sint Maarten</collectingCountry>
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, no larvae were found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |