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<mods:title id="B78E24E4563FB846D1A0DEF021B40599">A review of the African red flanked skinks of the Lygosoma fernandi (BURTON, 1836) species group (Squamata: Scincidae) and the role of climate change in their speciation.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BC72486941B81FFE93FB7F2FD991D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678610" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC72486941B81FFE93FB7F2FD991D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC72486941B81FFE93FB7F2FD991D0" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFE93FB7F2CBD9290" blockId="8.[151,729,1176,1202]" box="[151,729,1176,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0E274326941B81FFE93FB7F2CBD9290" bold="true" box="[151,729,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFE93FB7F2CBD9290" authority="Hallowell, 1844" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,729,1176,1202]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fernandi" subSpecies="harlani">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFE93FB7F2CBD9290" bold="true" box="[151,729,1176,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFE93FB7F2F9B9290" bold="true" box="[151,511,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lepidothyris fernandi harlani</emphasis>
(Hallowell, 1844)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFE93FB072A579335" blockId="8.[151,1159,1248,1303]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1844
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFED7FB072D5B92D5" authority="Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila." authorityName="Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila." box="[211,831,1248,1271]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Plestiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harlani">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFED7FB072FFE92D5" box="[211,410,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plestiodon harlani</emphasis>
Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
</taxonomicName>
, p. 170.
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC6941B81FFD9DFB072DAA92D5" box="[921,974,1248,1271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE6941B81FFA37FB072AE092D5" box="[1075,1156,1248,1271]" name="Liberia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Liberia</collectingCountry>
. 1885
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFED7FAE72CE89335" authority="Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel" authorityName="Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel" box="[211,652,1280,1303]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Tiliqua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFED7FAE72F189335" box="[211,380,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tiliqua nigripes</emphasis>
Müller, Verh. Ges. Basel
</taxonomicName>
, VII, p. 704.
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC6941B81FFD1DFAE72D2A9335" box="[793,846,1280,1303]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE6941B81FFDB6FAE72A4A9335" box="[946,1070,1280,1303]" name="Ghana" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gold Coast</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFE93FAA02AFD938C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1351,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
This taxon was described by Hallowell (1844) from
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE6941B81FFCFEFAA02D2B9343" box="[762,847,1351,1377]" name="Liberia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Liberia</collectingCountry>
and later regarded as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFAF1FAA02B139342" box="[1269,1399,1351,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFAF1FAA02B139342" box="[1269,1399,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. fernandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF6941B81FFFA5FA892C0A93AA" author="Boulenger" box="[417,622,1390,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1887) Catalogue of the lizards of the British Museum. 2. ed., Vol. III, British Museum of Natural History, London, 575 pp." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger 1887</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF6941B81FFC78FA892D4B93AA" author="Schmidt" box="[636,815,1390,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1919) Contribution to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909 - 1915. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 39, 385 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Schmidt 1919</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF84BEAF6941B81FFD3AFA892A3293AA" author="Taylor" box="[830,1110,1390,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Taylor, E. H. &amp; Weyer, D. (1958) Report on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Harbel, Republic of Liberia. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 38, 1191 - 1229." type="journal article" year="1958">Taylor &amp; Weyer 1958</bibRefCitation>
). We found differences in colouration, scale counts and genetics and regard it as a valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFA0BFA732AF5938F" box="[1039,1169,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fernandi">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFA0BFA732AF5938F" box="[1039,1169,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. fernandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F90D56941B81FFEC2FA5D2FDD917A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFEC2FA5D2F409000" blockId="8.[151,1437,1351,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFEC2FA5D2F2C93F6" bold="true" box="[198,328,1466,1492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Differs from the nominat form in having more scales around midbody, invariably 34 instead of 31 to 34; head only sparsely set off from body, shorter than in nominate form; and in the very different colouration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFEC2F9C82FDD917A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1351,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFEC2F9C82F39906B" bold="true" box="[198,349,1583,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colouration</emphasis>
. Head and back redbrown to orange; colour changing in the first third of the tail to brown; supralabial scales redorange, sublabial scales black with a white dot on each scale; lateral body colouration between ear opening and forelegs dark without visible bars; in average, nine to ten dark bars between the limbs on the lateral sides of the body (instead of more than ten in
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFDDDF9442AB3909E" box="[985,1239,1699,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fernandi" subSpecies="fernandi">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFDDDF9442AB3909E" box="[985,1239,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. fernandi fernandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), some of them Vshaped, on a red ground colour; dorsum is vividly red to redorange, without darker shades; throat more or less dark striated, always lighter than in the nominat form; belly also with darker lines but always lighter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C15B8DD6941B81FFEF5F8F02F879112" box="[241,483,1815,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lepidothyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fernandi" subSpecies="fernandi">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFEF5F8F02F879112" box="[241,483,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. fernandi fernandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ventral part of the tail creamish white with light black lines, lateral side of tail mottled white and black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F90D56941B81FFEC1F8832B03915C" box="[197,1383,1892,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFEC1F8832B03915C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1351,2034]" box="[197,1383,1892,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFEC1F8832E93915C" bold="true" box="[197,247,1892,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Size</emphasis>
. The maximum snoutvent length of the analysed specimens is 154.0 mm, average is
<quantity id="4CED6EBB6941B81FFAECF8832B00915C" box="[1256,1380,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.228" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="122.8">122.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F90D56941B81FFEC1F86D2FD991D0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAAC35E6941B81FFEC1F86D2FD991D0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1351,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9611F4C6941B81FFEC1F86D2F209186" bold="true" box="[197,324,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species was named by Hallowell after his contemporary Dr. Harlan. The
<typeStatus id="54AE7DFC6941B81FFB12F86C2B3C9187" box="[1302,1368,1931,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
were collected by the Dr. Goheen expedition and were put in the possession of Mr. J. J. Haldemann, Esq. of
<collectingCountry id="F30283CE6941B81FFE93F83F2F6A91D0" box="[151,270,2008,2034]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Columbia</collectingCountry>
, Pennsylvania.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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