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<mods:title id="F0BE8D36E02C49F30DAB45D3054448D2">Two new species of Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the Magdalena-Urabá moist forests ecoregion of northern Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="156C1862A3F6C82816CD06460ED242F1">Calonje, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8EA9FEE05C833F4A0ECE055C5BA0650">Montgomery Botanical Center, Coral Gables, FL, U. S. A. &amp; Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; michaelc @ montgomerybotanical. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9650 - 3136</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70D895FEF043C2D3142AA79C9F464ADA">Hernández, Jonatan Castro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4F1E30CE667371214E0843966E61237B">Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; Grupo de investigaciones EECO, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia &amp; jonatan. castro @ udea. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6766 - 3138</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B37A8CD7953751BB50EF59422E95CCA3">Coca, Luis Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAA269BE9C409FA08CC1686B146D7B9B">Herbario Universidad de Caldas (FAUC), Manizales, Caldas, Colombia &amp; lfcoca @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6325 - 2764</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98A870B4BC873DB43D2064C2B77BC075">Jaramillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="467B7249FDC093C6C2CBA05FC93096F5">Instituto de Investigaciones en Estratigrafía, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia &amp; Danieljlo @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9406 - 1119</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="24EFEA787AF24CFC91898170F3AE5C8B">Sociedad Colombiana de Cycadas, Medellín, Colombia &amp; Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia &amp; aaristizabale @ ces. edu. co; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1814 - 1752</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B687B0C5FDD14119" authority="Calonje &amp; J.Castro" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,549,244,271]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B687B0C5FEBC4118" bold="true" box="[136,328,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zamia imbricata</emphasis>
Calonje &amp; J.Castro
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(Figs. 3A–E, 4A–J, 5A–G)
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B687B10EFF074142" bold="true" box="[136,243,319,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
—Distinguished within the genus by its subterranean stem, its petioles which are typically unarmed or rarely armed with minute scattered prickles, its rachis which is straight and horizontally disposed bearing highly imbricate leaflets held in a planar disposition, its leaflets which are lanceolate, papyraceous, and diminutive (3.9–11.6 
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) with strongly toothed margins, and its strobili which are held on extremely long peduncles (20+ cm) and which bear relatively flat and unornamented sporophylls.
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— 
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&amp; 
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1601
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(
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!, isotype 
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B706B1C5FEA4421D" box="[265,336,500,522]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m999-hzgj" name="Herbario Universidad de Caldas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">FAUC</collectionCode>
!)
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.
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Additional specimens examined (
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):
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— 
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, 
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. 
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B397B229FA5C423A" box="[1432,1448,536,557]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FCC23CC6BD617444B6B2B20DFC2B4246" box="[189,991,572,594]" collectingDate="2019-03-09" collectionCode="FMB, COL, HUA, L, F" collectorName="Coca &amp; D. Jaramillo" country="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B6B2B20DFE304246" box="[189,452,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B6B2B20DFF044246" box="[189,240,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coca</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B71EB20DFE784246" box="[273,396,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. Jaramillo</collectorName>
1594
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B7DDB20DFDF94245" box="[466,525,572,594]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13314" name="Instituto Alexander von Humboldt" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">FMB</collectionCode>
!), 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B42DB20DFDA64246" box="[546,594,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1595</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B46EB20DFD6D4245" box="[609,665,572,594]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
!), 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4A1B20DFD2A4246" box="[686,734,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1602</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B4E2B20DFCDD4245" box="[749,809,572,594]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" name="Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">HUA</collectionCode>
!), 
<date id="3814105BBD617444B531B20DFC464246" box="[830,946,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2019-03-09">
<collectingDate id="2850E9B3BD617444B531B20DFC464246" box="[830,946,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2019-03-09">9 Mar 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B5B2B20DFC2B4246" box="[957,991,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B5B2B20DFC384246" box="[957,972,572,593]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B5C0B20DFC2B4246" box="[975,991,572,593]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B5D0B20DFC174246" box="[991,995,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FCC23CC6BD617444B5E6B20DFED44262" collectingDate="2018-12-17" collectionCode="FAUC, S, H" collectorName="Coca &amp; Jaramillo" country="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B5E6B20DFB0F4246" box="[1001,1275,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B5E6B20DFBE84246" box="[1001,1052,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coca</collectorName>
&amp; D. 
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B254B20DFB4C4246" box="[1115,1208,572,593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jaramillo</collectorName>
13012
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B306B20DFAA54245" box="[1289,1361,572,594]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m999-hzgj" name="Herbario Universidad de Caldas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">FAUC</collectionCode>
!), 
<date id="3814105BBD617444B369B20DFF1B4262" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2018-12-17">
<collectingDate id="2850E9B3BD617444B369B20DFF1B4262" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2018-12-17">17 Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B6F6B251FED44262" box="[249,288,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B6F6B251FEF34262" box="[249,263,608,629]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B705B251FED44262" box="[266,288,608,629]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B72FB251FED04262" box="[288,292,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FCC23CC6BD617444B726B251FB964261" box="[297,1122,608,630]" collectingDate="2018-12-21" collectionCode="HUA, FAUC, CUVC" collectorName="Gomez &amp; D. Sanin" country="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="SHG 3628" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B726B251FDF84262" box="[297,524,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B726B251FE984262" box="[297,364,608,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gómez</collectorName>
et al. 
<specimenCode id="1C0C9EE0BD617444B7A8B251FDF84262" box="[423,524,608,629]" collectionCode="SHG" country="Egypt" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15189" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15189" name="Sohag University" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">SHG 3628</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B416B251FDA14261" box="[537,597,608,630]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15677" name="Universidad de Antioquia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">HUA</collectionCode>
!), 
<date id="3814105BBD617444B465B251FD174262" box="[618,739,608,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2018-12-21">
<collectingDate id="2850E9B3BD617444B465B251FD174262" box="[618,739,608,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2018-12-21">21 Dic 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4E2B251FC594262" box="[749,941,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectorName id="E15F534DBD617444B4E2B251FCB54262" box="[749,833,608,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. Sanín</collectorName>
et al. 7251
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B5B5B251FBF54262" box="[954,1025,608,629]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m999-hzgj" name="Herbario Universidad de Caldas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">FAUC</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="2ABBAE5EBD617444B202B251FBAC4261" box="[1037,1112,608,630]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15729" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15729" name="Universidad del Valle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">CUVC</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD617444B687B295FB45469C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD617444B687B295FB45469C" blockId="4.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B687B295FEE842A9" bold="true" box="[136,284,676,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description:</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B737B295FE9A42A9" box="[312,366,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stem</emphasis>
hypogeous, typically solitary, cylindrical, 10–30 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B5B9B295FBE842A8" box="[950,1052,676,703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="1.0">1–15 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B227B295FB5542A9" box="[1064,1185,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cataphylls</emphasis>
caducous, chartaceous, triangular to narrowly triangular, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B7F1B2F9FD8F42F4" box="[510,635,712,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="4.2" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="3.2">3.2–5.2 cm</quantity>
long and 1.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B515B2F9FC9242F4" box="[794,870,712,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
wide at the base, tan tomentose with cream-colored base, losing tomentum and base turning brown at maturity. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B52FB2DCFC9A4311" box="[800,878,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leaves</emphasis>
1–5 per apex, 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B21CB2DDFB644310" box="[1043,1168,748,775]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="106.5" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="13.0">13–200 cm</quantity>
long (58+ cm on adults), 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B687B321FF03433C" box="[136,247,784,811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="14.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="10.0">10–19 cm</quantity>
wide, covered with white to beige tomentum at emergence and becoming glabrous at maturity, petiole erect to slightly spreading to 45° from the stem apex, rachis relatively straight and horizontally disposed in older leaves. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B687B369FF234365" box="[136,215,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Petiole</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B6D0B369FEA84364" box="[223,348,856,883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="14.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="77.5" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="14.0">14–141 cm</quantity>
long (34+ cm on adults), ochre to olive green, typically unarmed but rarely with a few translucent scattered minute prickles 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B7A2B34DFDC24380" box="[429,566,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, abruptly swollen base to 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B5AEB34DFC064380" box="[929,1010,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B24EB34DFB794381" box="[1089,1165,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rachis</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B299B34DFAF34380" box="[1174,1287,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="46.5" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="20.0">20–73 cm</quantity>
long (24+ cm on adults), ochre to olive green, unarmed. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B462B391FD3243AD" box="[621,710,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leaflets</emphasis>
6–110 (40+ on adults), suboppositely to subalternately arranged, strongly imbricate, succubously or incubously arranged and forming a mostly planar leaf surface, with a pinna-to-pinna angle (pp-angle 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B734B3D8FE8D4415" box="[315,377,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B771B3D9FD904415" author="Grobbelaar, N." box="[382,612,1000,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7004" refString="Grobbelaar, N. (2002) Cycads with special reference to the southern African species. Published by the author, Pretoria." type="book" year="2002">Grobbelaar 2002: 23</bibRefCitation>
) of approximately 180° throughout most of the leaf except for the basalmost pair which have a pp-angle of approximately 120°, articulate insertion on rachis 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B205B43DFB654430" box="[1034,1169,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.2" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.6">3.6–4.8 mm</quantity>
wide, spaced 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B321B43DFA5F4430" box="[1326,1451,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 cm</quantity>
at leaf center, membranaceous, lanceolate, acute distally, symmetrical to slightly falcate, discolorous, dark green and dull to semi-glossy adaxially, light green and dull abaxially with 13–18 veins visible, margins revolute and bearing 5–25 marginal teeth 1.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B7AFB449FE034484" box="[416,503,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long restricted to distal half, basal leaflets 4.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B202B449FBAC4484" box="[1037,1112,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="8.7">8.7 cm</quantity>
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B250B448FB864485" box="[1119,1138,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B275B449FB0E4484" box="[1146,1274,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.9 cm</quantity>
, middle leaflets 4.9–11.6 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B6FFB4ACFEF744A1" box="[240,259,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B705B4ADFE7D44A0" box="[266,393,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 cm</quantity>
, apical leaflets 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B439B4ADFD4644A0" box="[566,690,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="5.1" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–6.3 cm</quantity>
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4B5B4ACFD3944A1" box="[698,717,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B4DCB4ADFCA044A0" box="[723,852,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.7 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B551B4ADFC3444A1" box="[862,960,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eophylls</emphasis>
to 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B5ECB4ADFBC944A0" box="[995,1085,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="16.2">16.2 cm</quantity>
long, petiole 14.0 cm, rachis 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B387B4ADFF5944CC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
, carrying 6 leaflets 45–48 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B7D9B4F0FE1D44CD" box="[470,489,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B7FFB4F1FD6244CC" box="[496,662,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="13.9" valueMax="14.4" valueMin="13.4">13.4–14.4 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4AFB4F1FCB444CD" box="[672,832,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pollen strobili</emphasis>
1–2, light reddish-brown, conical-cylindrical, at pollen shedding 2.8–3.0 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B742B4D4FE9444E9" box="[333,352,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B76AB4D5FE1044E8" box="[357,484,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 cm</quantity>
, sterile apex obtuse and 2.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B52FB4D5FC8144E8" box="[800,885,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
long, strobilar axis glabrous, peduncle olive brown and lightly covered with villous white tomentum, 20–25 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B538B539FC234534" box="[823,983,1288,1315]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="0.32499999999999996" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.35 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B5EBB539FB5D4535" box="[996,1193,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microsporophylls</emphasis>
spirally arranged in 6 orthostichies of 9–11 sporophylls each, obtrullate, 6.0–6.2 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B522B51DFC404550" box="[813,948,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.35" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.5 mm</quantity>
at pollen shedding, distal shield rounded and encompassing 30–50 % of microsporophyll length, hexagonal, external face light orange-brown tomentose, 3.0–4.0 mm tall × 3.0– 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B73DB545FE7D4598" box="[306,393,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
wide, abaxial surface of microsporophyll with 9–11 microsporangia aggregated into a single group along margins and extending beyond surface of lamina, adaxial surface glabrous and lacking microsporangia. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B687B58DFECC45C1" box="[136,312,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ovulate strobili</emphasis>
5.2–8.8 × 2.8–4.0 cm, solitary, reddish-brown to brown, cylindrical with short acute apex 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B33DB58DFA5845C0" box="[1330,1452,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
long. Strobilar axes and megasporophyll pedicels glabrous on mature strobili, peduncle 25.0–31.5 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B2FBB5D1FA5345EC" box="[1268,1447,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="0.675" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.6">0.60 to 0.75 cm</quantity>
, olive green with short white tomentum at maturity. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4C7B635FC7D4609" box="[712,905,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Megasporophylls</emphasis>
spirally arranged in 4 to 5 orthostichies of 5 to 6 sporophylls each, pedicel 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B7A6B619FDE04654" box="[425,532,1576,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
long, sterile shield flat (not extruded), 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B5CAB619FBD54654" box="[965,1057,1576,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
thick with oblong-hexagonal distal face 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B6B1B67DFEDE4670" box="[190,298,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 mm</quantity>
tall and 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B781B67DFDF34670" box="[398,519,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 mm</quantity>
wide and terminal face shallowly depressed. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B204B67DFBBF4671" box="[1035,1099,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Seeds</emphasis>
ovoid, at maturity 13.0–13.6 × 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B687B641FEFB469C" box="[136,271,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.399999999999999" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="9.399999999999999" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="9.2">9.2–9.6 mm</quantity>
with orange-red sarcotesta 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD617444B44BB641FD3F469C" box="[580,715,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.1 mm</quantity>
thick, sclerotesta 12.2–12.3 × 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD617444B6B2B6A5FF1546C5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD617444B6B2B6A5FF1546C5" blockId="4.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B6B2B6A5FEA546B9" bold="true" box="[189,337,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology:</emphasis>
—From the Latin ‘imbricatus’ meaning ‘covered with tiles’, referring to the strongly overlapping leaflets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD617448B6B2B6EDFE004116" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD617444B6B2B6EDFA7E47BD" blockId="4.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B6B2B6EDFDB946E1" bold="true" box="[189,589,1756,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution, habitat and climate:</emphasis>
—The species occurs on steep slopes in tropical moist forest at an elevational range of 
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200– 
<specimenCount id="5AACFD12BD617444B725B731FE82470C" box="[298,374,1792,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">245 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. The soils are sandy and well drained, with abundant organic material and leaf litter. The pH in the region is acid (4.5–5.0) and the soils are high in aluminum, iron, and manganese, and low in phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and sodium (
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B408B779FBD44775" author="Ramirez Guapacha, J. &amp; Bohorquez Osorio, A. F." box="[519,1056,1864,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7596" refString="Ramirez Guapacha, J. &amp; Bohorquez Osorio, A. F. (2013) Inventario floristico y analisis de la estructura y composicion arborea de un bosque humedo tropical en la cuenca media del Rio Magdalena, Caldas, Colombia. [Unpublished bachelor's thesis]. Universidad de Caldas." type="book" year="2013">Ramírez Guapacha &amp; Bohórquez Osorio 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The canopy ranges from 
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with a partially open understory with moderate solar exposure. The most species-rich plant families in the region are 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B687B7A1FEF447BD" box="[136,256,1936,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B704B7A1FE8247BD" box="[267,374,1936,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B770B7A1FE2A47BD" box="[383,478,1936,1962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B7E6B7A1FD9147BD" box="[489,613,1936,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B4AFB7A1FA7247BD" authority="(Ramirez Guapacha &amp; Bohorquez Osorio 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Ramirez Guapacha &amp; Bohorquez Osorio" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[672,1414,1936,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Melastomataceae (
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B57FB7A1FA8A47BD" author="Ramirez Guapacha, J. &amp; Bohorquez Osorio, A. F." box="[880,1406,1936,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7596" refString="Ramirez Guapacha, J. &amp; Bohorquez Osorio, A. F. (2013) Inventario floristico y analisis de la estructura y composicion arborea de un bosque humedo tropical en la cuenca media del Rio Magdalena, Caldas, Colombia. [Unpublished bachelor's thesis]. Universidad de Caldas." type="book" year="2013">Ramírez Guapacha &amp; Bohórquez Osorio 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD617444B6B2B785FA584801" blockId="4.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The climate within the area of occupancy of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD617444B4DDB784FC6547D9" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[722,913,1972,1998]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B4DDB784FC6547D9" box="[722,913,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zamia imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is classified as tropical rainforest (Af) by the Koppen-Geiger classification system (
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B43AB7E9FD3147E4" author="Geiger, R." box="[565,709,2008,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref6966" refString="Geiger, R. (1954) Classification of climates after W. Koppen. Landolt-Bornstein - Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, alte Serie. Springer, Berlin." type="book" year="1954">Geiger 1954</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B4DFB7E8FC9F47E5" author="Koppen, W." box="[720,875,2008,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="243 - 248" refId="ref7165" refString="Koppen, W. (1918) Klassification der Klimate nach Temperatur, Niederschlag and Jahreslauf. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 64: 193 - 203, 243 - 248." type="journal article" year="1918">Köppen 1918</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD617444B579B7E9FBB147E4" author="Kottek, M. &amp; Grieser, J. &amp; Beck, C. &amp; Rudolf, B. &amp; Rubel, F." box="[886,1093,2008,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="259 - 263" refId="ref7195" refString="Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. &amp; Rubel, F. (2006) World Map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 15: 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130" type="journal article" year="2006">
Kottek 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD617444B5C6B7E8FC0E47E5" box="[969,1018,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). The tropical rainforest climate is hot, humid, and wet, with no pronounced dry season. The annual mean temperature within the area of occupancy is
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD607445B687B7DCFB374830" blockId="5.[136,1452,2029,2087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B687B7DCFF0B4815" bold="true" box="[136,255,2029,2051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE.</emphasis>
Vegetative characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD607445B411B7DFFD344815" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[542,704,2029,2051]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B411B7DFFD344815" box="[542,704,2029,2051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zamia imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B4C2B7DCFD114815" bold="true" box="[717,741,2029,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A.</emphasis>
Leaf. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B52AB7DCFCCF4815" bold="true" box="[805,827,2029,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B.</emphasis>
Median leaflet, adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B253B7DCFB804814" bold="true" box="[1116,1140,2029,2051]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
Immature, expanding leaflet 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B39BB7DCFA584815" bold="true" box="[1428,1452,2029,2050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D.</emphasis>
Adult plant with ovulate strobilus. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD607445B7D8B820FE194831" bold="true" box="[471,493,2065,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E.</emphasis>
Cataphyll. Photographs from 
<typeStatus id="93118839BD607445B500B823FCCC4830" box="[783,824,2066,2087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
locality, illustration by Michael Calonje.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD637446B687B74EFEDB4832" blockId="6.[136,1453,1919,2085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B687B74EFF084783" bold="true" box="[136,252,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE.</emphasis>
Reproductive characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD637446B421B7B1FD394783" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[558,717,1919,1941]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B421B7B1FD394783" box="[558,717,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zamia imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B4D8B74EFD1B4783" bold="true" box="[727,751,1919,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A.</emphasis>
Microsporophyll adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B21AB74EFBDF4783" bold="true" box="[1045,1067,1919,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B.</emphasis>
Microsporophyll abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B35DB74EFA9D4782" bold="true" box="[1362,1385,1919,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus cross-section, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B7E6B792FDF547AF" bold="true" box="[489,513,1955,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus near pollen dehiscence. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B585B792FC5447AF" bold="true" box="[906,928,1955,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E.</emphasis>
Pollen strobilus with characteristically long peduncle. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B687B7F6FF6E47CB" bold="true" box="[136,154,1991,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F.</emphasis>
Ovulate strobilus, near maturity. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B7D1B7F6FE0347CA" bold="true" box="[478,503,1991,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G.</emphasis>
Mature seed with ripe sarcotesta. H. Mature seed sclerotesta. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B242B7F6FBA947CB" bold="true" box="[1101,1117,1991,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I.</emphasis>
Megasporophyll with mature seed and unpollinated ovule, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD637446B7F7B7DAFDFE4817" bold="true" box="[504,522,2027,2048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.</emphasis>
Ovulate strobilus with peduncle, near maturity. Photographs from 
<typeStatus id="93118839BD637446B291B7DAFB334817" box="[1182,1223,2027,2048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality, illustration by Michael Calonje.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD627447B687B7A4FACA4800" blockId="7.[136,1452,1941,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B687B7A4FF0A47BD" bold="true" box="[136,254,1941,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD627447B70AB7A7FE5247BD" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,422,1941,1963]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B70AB7A7FE5247BD" box="[261,422,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zamia imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in habitat. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B41CB7A4FDDE47BD" bold="true" box="[531,554,1941,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A.</emphasis>
Adult plant, with Michael Calonje. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B587B7A4FC6B47BD" bold="true" box="[904,927,1941,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B.</emphasis>
Distal leaflets, adaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B2B9B7A4FB3A47BC" bold="true" box="[1206,1230,1941,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.</emphasis>
Distal leaflets, abaxial side. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B6B6B788FF2547D9" bold="true" box="[185,209,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.</emphasis>
Close-up of unarmed petioles. The petiole on the left is newly emergent and still covered with tomentum. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B2BEB788FB3347D9" bold="true" box="[1201,1223,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E.</emphasis>
Adult microsporangiate plant, showing horizontal disposition of rachis and leaflets. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B4CFB7ECFD2647E5" bold="true" box="[704,722,2013,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F.</emphasis>
Median leaflets showing imbrication with alternate succubous and incubous orientation. 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD627447B6F3B830FEE14800" bold="true" box="[252,277,2049,2071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G.</emphasis>
Immature leaflets in the process of expanding. Photographs A–C by Jonatan Castro, D–G by Michael Calonje.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6D7448B687B0AFFE004116" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
27° C and the annual precipitation 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B41BB0AFFD7740AE" box="[532,643,158,185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2500.0">2500 mm</quantity>
. The rainfall pattern is bimodal, with peaks in rainfall ocurring in April and October, and troughs ocurring in January and July. The driest month is January, with 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B26DB0F3FB4440CA" box="[1122,1200,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
of rain and the wettest month is October, with 
<quantity id="8B529B7EBD6D7448B79FB0D7FE044116" box="[400,496,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="314.0">314 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B06510BD6D7448B6B2B13BFDF645FB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6D7448B6B2B13BFB0742C3" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B6B2B13BFEB54133" bold="true" box="[189,321,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecology:—</emphasis>
The species occurs in sympatry with 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B4D1B13AFC634133" box="[734,919,267,292]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B4D1B13AFC634133" box="[734,919,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia incognita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no evidence of hybridization was detected, as all individuals observed of both species were morphologically consistent with no intermediate forms observed. While the pollination of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B75CB162FDF9417B" box="[339,525,339,364]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B75CB162FDF9417B" box="[339,525,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia incognita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been studied in great detail and its pollinators have been identified as beetles belonging to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B799B147FC094187" authority="Reitter (Valencia-Montoya et al. 2017)" box="[406,1021,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B799B147FDC24187" box="[406,566,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
Reitter (
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD6D7448B493B147FC014187" author="Valencia-Montoya, W. A. &amp; Tuberquia, D. &amp; Guzman, P. A. &amp; Cardona-Duque, J." box="[668,1013,374,400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="717 - 729" refId="ref8018" refString="Valencia-Montoya, W. A., Tuberquia, D., Guzman, P. A. &amp; Cardona-Duque, J. (2017) Pollination of the cycad Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. &amp; Idarraga by Pharaxonotha beetles in the Magdalena Medio Valley, Colombia: a mutualism dependent on a specific pollinator and its significance for conservation. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 11: 717 - 729. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11829 - 017 - 9511 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
Valencia-Montoya 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B579B146FC444187" box="[886,944,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the pollinating agent of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B310B146FA5F4187" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[1311,1451,374,400]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B310B146FA5F4187" box="[1311,1451,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been determined and it is unclear whether differences in pollinating agents could be one of the reasons for the apparent lack of hybridization between the two species. Other possible reasons include sexual incompatibility between the two species since 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B7D0B1D2FD9341EB" box="[479,615,483,508]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incognita">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B7D0B1D2FD9341EB" box="[479,615,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. incognita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not belong in the manicata clade (Calonje 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B28DB1D2FB4041EB" box="[1154,1204,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 2017), or differences in their reproductive phenology. Unfortunately, the phenology for 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B587B236FBE24237" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[904,1046,518,544]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B587B236FBE24237" box="[904,1046,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains largely unknown and will require additional field studies to better understand. Pollen cones approximately 1 to 2 weeks from pollen release were observed in mid-February of 2020 as well as near mature, mostly unpollinated ovulate cones. A single full-sized seed with a fully formed sclerotesta and a light pink sarcotesta was found in an ovulate cone and fully matured in the excised cone two months later. Other biological interactions involving 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B54EB2A6FC3F42A7" box="[833,971,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also remain unrevealed. A few leaves were observed with damage consistent with herbivory, but no insects were observed feeding on the leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6D7448B6B2B2EFFB3F43E3" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B6B2B2EFFE9342EF" bold="true" box="[189,359,734,760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Conservation:</emphasis>
—The species is known from a single location within a forest fragment of approximately 
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in
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La Dorada municipality of 
<collectingRegion id="8E6EF879BD6D7448B7EFB333FDC4430B" box="[480,560,770,796]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caldas</collectingRegion>
. Despite occurring in a healthy forest fragment, the plant was very rare at the surveyed location, with only 15 plants observed after four days of vigorous searching, and no live seedlings observed, only the remains of a single recently deceased seedling. Seed set was extremely poor, with only a single pollinated ovule observed in two separate seed cones. The above suggests that there are too few and/or too widely separated individuals to sustain a healthy population, and that no seedling recruitment is occurring at its only known location. Based on the above, we recommend this species be listed as Critically Endangered (CR) based on IUCN Red List criteria B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D (IUCN Standards and Petitions Sub-committee, 2017).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C15369BBD6D7448B6B2B3CFFDF645FB" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B6B2B3CFFD62440F" bold="true" box="[189,662,1022,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morphological and taxonomic affinities:</emphasis>
— 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B4BDB3CEFCCE440F" box="[690,826,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears most closely related to the currently undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B6F1B412FEB2442B" authority="Cogollo" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[254,326,1059,1084]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B6F1B412FEB2442B" box="[254,326,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“Cogollo” (Fig. 6). The two species are the southernmost species of the manicata clade and occur in the 
<collectingRegion id="8E6EF879BD6D7448B6BFB477FED84477" box="[176,300,1094,1120]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
River valley along the eastern foothills of the Cordillera Central, approximately 
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distant from each other (Fig. 2). Both have small membranaceous leaflets and petioles that are unarmed or rarely with minute scattered prickles, but the species can readily be distinguished based on qualitative characters (Table 1). The leaflets of 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B39AB4BEFF0144DB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lanceolate (length-to-width ratio &lt;7:1), imbricate, and flatter than those of 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B260B482FB4A44DB" box="[1135,1214,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B260B482FB4E44DB" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[1135,1210,1203,1228]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Zamia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
“Cogollo” which are linear-lanceolate (length-to-width ratio&gt; 7:1), not imbricate, and with a distinct adaxially raised longitudinal crease. Furthermore, 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B72EB4CAFE5E4503" box="[289,426,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally attains smaller dimensions with shorter leaf length (to 2.0 m vs. 
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) and shorter leaflet length (to 
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vs. 
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). Lastly, the sterile cone apex in ovulate strobili of 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B238B52EFB35452F" box="[1079,1217,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
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are shorter, typically less than 
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long vs. those of 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B7F7B572FDB4454B" authority="Cogollo" authorityName="Linnaeus (1763:" authorityYear="1659" box="[504,576,1347,1372]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B7F7B572FDB4454B" box="[504,576,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“Cogollo” which typically exceed 
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. The short, broad, membranaceous leaflets of 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B70FB556FE784597" box="[256,396,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
somewhat resemble those of the Mexican species 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B5C5B556FA5F4596" authority="D. W. Stev., Sabato &amp; De Luca" authorityName="D. W. Stev., Sabato &amp; De Luca" box="[970,1451,1382,1409]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vazquezii">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B5C5B556FBA44597" box="[970,1104,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. vazquezii</emphasis>
D.W.Stev., Sabato &amp; De Luca
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="283B4B6ABD6D7448B6AAB5BBFE2D45B3" author="Stevenson, D. W. &amp; Sabato, S. &amp; Moretti, A. &amp; De Luca, P." box="[165,473,1418,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="37 - 38" refId="ref7928" refString="Stevenson, D. W., Sabato, S., Moretti, A. &amp; De Luca, P. (1998) What is Zamia fischeri Miquel? Delpinoa: 37 - 38, 9 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1998">
Stevenson 
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B72FB5BAFEA645B3" box="[288,338,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (1998: 14)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, the leaflets of 
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<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B4F5B5BAFC7445B3" box="[762,896,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. vazquezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not held in a planar disposition as they are in 
<taxonomicName id="8BAA4D18BD6D7448B687B59EFEE045DF" authorityName="Calonje &amp; J. Castro" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,276,1454,1480]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="7EDEEA89BD6D7448B687B59EFEE045DF" box="[136,276,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Z. imbricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the peduncles are much shorter (&lt;
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vs.&gt; 
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), and the microsporophylls bear more numerous microsporangia (18–22 vs. 9–11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>