573 lines
75 KiB
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573 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E61438343957050D7676474433E66F51">A new species of Zygophylax (Quelch, 1885) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from South Africa, with taxonomic notes on the southern African species of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF15C5597EB6655DE7EBA48963E046F5">Campos, Felipe Ferreira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C2382E89E2557FD9621507830253036">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. CEP: 50670 - 420</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EEAAAB28782BDEECFAC3B4ABD8173F91">Pérez, Carlos Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2A6EFE1046A453C7892F50853A588B9">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. CEP: 50670 - 420 & Núcleo de Biologia, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil. jazintheking @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0866 - 1183</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9A1EBE97608A771B89C11A83F1234370">Puce, Stefania</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B30048BAB43809D19F071F6358B3C16F">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy s. puce @ staff. univpm. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8163 - 1554</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="558AAE36980861FE286C94628BB3C38E">Marques, Antonio Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="126E5D6AD3E405E24B5BD7929B60F524">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039887B9C91D0D20FF2FF9E9FF28FDBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887B9C91D0D20FF2FF9E9FF28FDBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887B9C91D0D20FF2FF9E9FF28FDBC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91D0D2DFF2FF9E9FDB4F953" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,587,1650,1677]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFF2FF9E9FDB4F953" bold="true" box="[151,587,1650,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFF2FF9E9FE6CF953" bold="true" box="[151,403,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFE22F9E9FDB4F953" author="Stechow, E." box="[410,587,1650,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="130A2A2AC91D0D2DFF2FF90DFF1CF96E" box="[151,227,1686,1713]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[191,1396,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Zygophylax africana Stechow, 1923. (A, B) hydrocladium and branch with nematothecae on secondary axial tubes; (C) hydrocladium; (D–E) nematothecae on hydrothecal apophyses; (F) gonothecae surrounding branch; (G) detail of the gonothecae with two projections each. Scale: (A–E, G) 100 µm; (F) 200 µm. (ZMUC-HYD 268)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839514/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Plate 2</figureCitation>
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A–G
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFF2FF940FD95F92C" author="Stechow, E." box="[151,618,1754,1779]" page="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1923">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91D0D2DFF2FF940FD95F92C" authority="Stechow, 1923: 106 - 107" authorityName="Stechow" authorityPageNumber="106 - 107" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,618,1754,1779]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFF2FF940FE96F92C" box="[151,361,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFED6F941FD95F92C" author="Stechow, E." box="[366,618,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923: 106–107</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFDCCF941FC8FF92C" author="Stechow, E." box="[628,880,1754,1779]" page="445" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFDCCF941FC8FF92C" author="Stechow, E." box="[628,880,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="383 - 546" refId="ref11617" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 27, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925: 445–446</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 18;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFC7FF941FB60F92C" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[967,1183,1754,1779]" page="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFC7FF941FB60F92C" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[967,1183,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10480" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard, 1964: 15–18</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4a–f;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFAB3F941FF0FF8CD" author="Millard, N. A. H." page="263" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFAB3F941FF0FF8CD" author="Millard, N. A. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="251 - 288" refId="ref10529" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1968) South African hydroids from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Java-South Africa expedition, 1929 - 1930. Videnskalbelige. Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk. Forening i Kjobenhavn, 131, 251 - 288." type="journal article" year="1968">Millard, 1968: 263</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFF42F962FE51F8CE" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[250,430,1785,1810]" page="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFF42F962FE51F8CE" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[250,430,1785,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref10574" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1973) Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. In: Recent trends in research in coelenterate biology. Proceedings of The Second International Symposium on Cnidaria, Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 20, 23 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175792" type="journal article" year="1973">Millard, 1973: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4b;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFDB0F962FD03F8CE" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[520,764,1785,1810]" page="189" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFDB0F962FD03F8CE" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[520,764,1785,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref10634" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975: 189–190</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 62a–e;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFCC0F962FBBBF8CD" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[888,1092,1785,1810]" page="106" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFCC0F962FBBBF8CD" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[888,1092,1785,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="105 - 131" refId="ref10666" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977 a) Hydroida. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 3. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (5), 105 - 131." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard, 1977a: 106</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFBF7F962FAF6F8CE" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[1103,1289,1785,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="159 - 200" refId="ref10754" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Millard, 1978:199</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFAACF962FEB0F8EF" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N." page="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFAACF962FEB0F8EF" author="Gravier-Bonnet, N." pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="3 - 76" refId="ref9958" refString="Gravier-Bonnet, N. (1979) Hydraires semi-profonds de Madagascar, (Coelenterata Hydrozoa),, etude systematique et ecologique. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 169, 3 - 76." type="journal article" year="1979">Gravier-Bonnet, 1979: 29</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFEE2F88CFDE3F8EF" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[346,540,1815,1840]" page="131" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFEE2F88CFDE3F8EF" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[346,540,1815,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="129 - 153" refId="ref10826" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1980) Hydroida. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 11. Annals of the South African Museum, 82 (4), 129 - 153." type="journal article" year="1980">Millard, 1980: 131</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFD9FF88CFCF3F8EF" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[551,780,1815,1840]" page="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFD9FF88CFCF3F8EF" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[551,780,1815,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" refId="ref9990" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1983) Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983: 22–24</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 6;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFCE1F883FB92F8EF" author="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W." box="[857,1133,1815,1840]" page="75" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFCE1F883FB92F8EF" author="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W." box="[857,1133,1815,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref11253" refString="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 75</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFBC0F88CFA8AF8EF" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[1144,1397,1815,1840]" page="136" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFBC0F88CFA8AF8EF" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[1144,1397,1815,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" refId="ref10020" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II, Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito, 1995: 136–138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig 40 a–e;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFEA0F8ADFDC2F890" author="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W." box="[280,573,1846,1871]" page="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFEA0F8ADFDC2F890" author="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W." box="[280,573,1846,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref9557" refString="Calder, D. R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 319, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFDFFF8ADFCB0F890" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[583,847,1846,1871]" page="341" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFDFFF8ADFCB0F890" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F." box="[583,847,1846,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref9488" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. - M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFD1FF8ACFD25F890" box="[679,730,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006: 341
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFCE2F8ADFB77F890" author="Ruthensteiner, B. & Reinicke, G. & Straube, N." box="[858,1160,1846,1871]" page="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFCE2F8ADFB77F890" author="Ruthensteiner, B. & Reinicke, G. & Straube, N." box="[858,1160,1846,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref11409" refString="Ruthensteiner, B., Reinicke, G. & Straube, N. (2008) The Type Material of Hydrozoa described by Eberhard Stechow in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 31, 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ruthensteiner
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFC55F8ACFBDFF890" box="[1005,1056,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008: 25
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFB2AF8ADFAB3F890" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6173020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6173020" author="Altuna, A." box="[1170,1356,1846,1871]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B4A87E0FFAAFF92CA99B2DAEADA26AE" page="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFB2AF8ADFAB3F890" author="Altuna, A." box="[1170,1356,1846,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9220" refString="Altuna, A. (2012) New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the north- western Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic). Zootaxa, 3565 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3565.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Altuna, 2012: 5–8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 2, 3.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91D0D2DFF2FF8EFFC16F853" blockId="5.[151,1437,1754,1932]" box="[151,1001,1907,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB211181C91D0D2DFF2FF8EFFC16F853" box="[151,1001,1907,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9010BEC91D0D2DFF2FF8EFFD59F853" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[151,678,1907,1932]" page="69" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" year="2003">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91D0D2DFF2FF8EFFD59F853" authority="Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69" authorityName="Vervoort & Watson" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,678,1907,1932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFF2FF8EFFE8BF853" box="[151,372,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Zygophylax africanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFEC2F8EFFD59F853" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[378,678,1907,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref11841" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 69</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. [incorrect subsequent spelling]
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6524C91D0D2EFF2FF820FC36FE70" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91D0D2DFF2FF820FBE6F826" blockId="5.[151,1436,1978,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CF2C91D0D2DFF2FF820FBEAF826" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622598306" collectingDate="1574-04-20" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" specimenCode="ZSM 20040731, ZSM 20041574, ZSM 20043579" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFF2FF820FED6F80A" bold="true" box="[151,297,1978,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A880DC91D0D2DFF2FF820FF2DF80A" box="[151,210,1979,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype—colony pieces on some substratum in alcohol (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979ED4C91D0D2DFC73F820FB7BF80A" box="[971,1156,1979,2005]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="Museum">ZSM 20040731</specimenCode>
|
||
). Paratypes—slides with colony branches (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979ED4C91D0D2DFEE5F844FDECF826" box="[349,531,2014,2041]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="Museum">
|
||
ZSM
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91D0D2DFE27F845FDECF826" box="[415,531,2014,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" value="1574-04-20">20041574</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979ED4C91D0D2DFDA6F844FD2FF826" box="[542,720,2014,2041]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="Museum">ZSM 20043579</specimenCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91D0D2DFD5EF845FBF2F826" author="Ruthensteiner, B. & Reinicke, G. & Straube, N." box="[742,1037,2014,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref11409" refString="Ruthensteiner, B., Reinicke, G. & Straube, N. (2008) The Type Material of Hydrozoa described by Eberhard Stechow in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 31, 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ruthensteiner
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91D0D2DFC32F844FC3CF827" box="[906,963,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFF02FEA4FF08" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CF2C91E0D2EFF7FFF02FEA9FF08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622598303" collectingDate="1898-10-26" country="South Africa" county="Town" elevation="178" latitude="-33.683334" location="Valdivia" longLatPrecision="1204" longitude="18.0" municipality="North of Agulhas Bank" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFF02FE8DFF6C" bold="true" box="[199,370,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A880DC91E0D2EFF7FFF02FEFDFF6C" box="[199,258,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EEE6074C91E0D2EFEC1FF03FE26FF6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887B9C91D0D20FF2FF9E9FF28FDBC:8EEE6074C91E0D2EFEC1FF03FE26FF6D" box="[377,473,152,178]" country="South Africa" county="Town" latitude="-33.683334" longLatPrecision="1204" longitude="18.0" municipality="North of Agulhas Bank" name="Valdivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" stateProvince="Western Cape">Valdivia</location>
|
||
, St. 92,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACD5C91E0D2EFD8FFF03FCBDFF6D" box="[567,834,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">North of Agulhas Bank</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFCF6FF02FC55FF6C" box="[846,938,153,179]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="-33.683334">33°41’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFC0AFF02FBEDFF6C" box="[946,1042,153,179]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="18.0">18°00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F84DC91E0D2EFBA7FF02FBA6FF6C" box="[1055,1113,153,179]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EF4E23C91E0D2EFBD8FF02FB5DFF6C" box="[1120,1186,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Town</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFB17FF03FABEFF6D" box="[1199,1345,152,178]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFAF5FF02FA68FF6C" box="[1357,1431,153,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="178.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD19CC91E0D2EFAF5FF02FA68FF6C" box="[1357,1431,153,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="178.0">178 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91E0D2EFF2FFF27FEA9FF08" box="[151,342,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1898-10-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE987C91E0D2EFF2FFF27FEA9FF08" box="[151,342,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1898-10-26">26 October 1898</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFF7BFC36FE70" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFF7BFE4DFF24" bold="true" box="[199,434,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CF2C91E0D2EFE01FF7AFC3AFE70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622598308" collectingDate="1929-12-18" collectingDateMax="1982-09-08" collectingDateMin="1929-12-18" collectionCode="ZMUC-HYD" collectorName="Det. N. H. Millard & Coll. Benthedi, St. S & St. FA" country="South Africa" determinerName="Det. N. H. Millard" elevation="287" latitude="-21.028334" location="Town" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="55.176666" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" specimenCode="ZMUC-HYD 268" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F84DC91E0D2EFE01FF7AFE0CFF24" box="[441,499,225,251]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EEE6074C91E0D2EFE42FF7AFDC3FF24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887B9C91D0D20FF2FF9E9FF28FDBC:8EEE6074C91E0D2EFE42FF7AFDC3FF24" box="[506,572,225,251]" country="South Africa" latitude="-21.028334" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="55.176666" name="Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" stateProvince="Western Cape">Town</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFDF1FF7BFD24FF25" box="[585,731,224,250]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFD5FFF7AFCBCFF24" box="[743,835,225,251]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="-34.383335">34°23’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFCF3FF7AFC54FF24" box="[843,939,225,251]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="18.133333">18°08’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFC00FF7AFBFDFF24" box="[952,1026,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="287.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD19CC91E0D2EFC00FF7AFBFDFF24" box="[952,1026,225,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="287.0">287 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91E0D2EFBB7FF7AFB16FF24" box="[1039,1257,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1929-12-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE987C91E0D2EFBB7FF7AFB16FF24" box="[1039,1257,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1929-12-18">18 December 1929</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<determinerName id="7E52DA6BC91E0D2EFB4DFF7AFF3AFEC1" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C45379C91E0D2EFB4DFF7AFF3AFEC1" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Det. N.H. Millard</collectorName>
|
||
</determinerName>
|
||
, fertile colony (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979ED4C91E0D2EFEC0FE9EFDB8FEC0" box="[376,583,260,287]" collectionCode="ZMUC-HYD" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">ZMUC-HYD 268</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName id="26C45379C91E0D2EFDE4FE9FFCBAFEC0" box="[604,837,260,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Coll. Benthedi, St. S</collectorName>
|
||
97, Indian Ocean, Îles Glorieuses, off nothern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFAEBFE9FFF1FFE9C" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFF57FEB2FEB5FE9C" box="[239,330,297,323]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="-11.533334">11°32’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFEECFEB3FE4BFE9D" box="[340,436,296,322]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="925" value="47.266666">47°16’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFE7BFEB3FDF0FE9C" box="[451,527,296,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="715.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD19CC91E0D2EFE7BFEB3FDF0FE9C" box="[451,527,296,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="715.0">715 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91E0D2EFDA7FEB2FD3BFE9C" box="[543,708,296,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1977-04-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE987C91E0D2EFDA7FEB2FD3BFE9C" box="[543,708,296,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1977-04-07">07 April 1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, without gonophores (RMNH-Coel. slide 250);
|
||
<collectorName id="26C45379C91E0D2EFB48FEB2FAC6FE9C" box="[1264,1337,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">St. FA</collectorName>
|
||
131,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFAC7FEB2FEBBFEB9" name="La Reunion Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">La Reunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Indian Ocean,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFE4AFED7FD9CFEB8" box="[498,611,332,359]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="52.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="92" value="-20.87">20°52.2’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFDD2FED7FD20FEB8" box="[618,735,332,359]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="05.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="92" value="55.09833">55°05.9’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFD52FED7FC94FEB8" box="[746,875,332,359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.975" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="697.5" valueMax="720.0" valueMin="675.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD19CC91E0D2EFD52FED7FC94FEB8" box="[746,875,332,359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.975" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="697.5" valueMax="720.0" valueMin="675.0">675–720 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91E0D2EFCCEFED6FBACFEB8" box="[886,1107,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1982-09-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE987C91E0D2EFCCEFED6FBACFEB8" box="[886,1107,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1982-09-01">01 September 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, fertile colony (RMNH-Coel. slide 259); St. IIC 176, as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFE77FEEAFD01FE55" authority="La" authorityName="La" box="[463,766,368,395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="africana" variety="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFE77FEEAFDB2FE54" box="[463,589,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFD3EFEEBFD01FE55" box="[646,766,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, La Reunion Islands, Indian Ocean,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFB12FEEAFAE4FE54" box="[1194,1307,369,395]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="01.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="92" value="-21.028334">21°01.7’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE055068C91E0D2EFA9BFEEBFA68FE54" box="[1315,1431,368,395]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="10.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" precision="92" value="55.176666">55°10.6’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFF2FFE0FFEE7FE70" box="[151,280,404,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="180.0" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="165.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD19CC91E0D2EFF2FFE0FFEE7FE70" box="[151,280,404,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="180.0" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="165.0">165–195 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F106FC91E0D2EFE9CFE0EFDFEFE70" box="[292,513,404,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1982-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE987C91E0D2EFE9CFE0EFDFEFE70" box="[292,513,404,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" value="1982-09-08">08 September 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, fertile colony (RMNH-Coel. slide 251)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6524C91E0D2EFF7FFE23FBA1FBE8" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFE23FAB0FD2C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFE23FDA0FE0C" bold="true" box="[199,607,440,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Description of additional material</emphasis>
|
||
(ZMUC-HYD 268). Stem weakly polysiphonic, without nodes and internodes; branches of first order with numerous hydrocladia, all at same plane; hydrothecae and nematothecae irregulary arranged. Hydrocladia mostly monosiphonic, some polysiphonic basally (Pl. 2A–B). Hydrothecae tubular, widening distally, adcauline wall convex, abcauline wall concave (Pl. 2C); pedicel continuous to apophysis; diaphragm thick, oblique in relation to hydrothecal long axis; renovations common (up to 6) (Pl. 2D); two rows of hydrothecae at same plane, turned to one side of the colony. Nematotheca insertion scar on hydrothecal apophysis; one or two cylindrical preserved nematothecae observed on apophysis (Pl. 2D–E). Gonosome aggregated in dense clusters into coppinia, gonothecae surrounding branch with nematophorous tubules provided nematothecae and hydrothecae (Pl. 2F); each gonothecae with two long horn-shaped projections with large oval apertures on their tips (Pl. 2G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFD66FDFDFC14" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFD66FD6DFCC8" bold="true" box="[199,658,764,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Measurements of additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
Stem: distance between two subsequent hydrothecae
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFABAFD67FA67FCC8" box="[1282,1432,764,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="208.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="156.0">156–260 µm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFF47FCBBFE6FFCE4" box="[255,400,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="234.0" valueMax="312.0" valueMin="156.0">156–312 µm</quantity>
|
||
; distance between subsequent hydrocladia on the same side
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFB93FCBBFB4BFCE4" box="[1067,1204,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hydrocladia: lenght
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFF2FFCDFFEDDFC80" box="[151,290,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.449999999999999" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="6.449999999999999" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="3.3">3.3–9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter at base
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFE54FCDEFD8EFC80" box="[492,625,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.78" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="130.0" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="78.0">78–182 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Hydrothecae: lenght of adcauline wall from rim to diaphragm
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFA82FCDEFF42FC5C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="285.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="270.0">270–300 µm</quantity>
|
||
/ with renovations
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFE2DFCF3FDD8FC5C" box="[405,551,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="360.0" valueMax="370.0" valueMin="350.0">350–370 µm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter at rim
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFD5CFCF2FC97FC5C" box="[740,872,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">90–100 µm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter at diaphragm
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFBCEFCF3FB13FC5C" box="[1142,1260,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60–70 µm</quantity>
|
||
; length of pedicel on adcauline side
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFE2AFC17FDF5FC78" box="[402,522,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Nematothecae: lenght
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFCA1FC16FC60FC78" box="[793,927,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="90.0">90–120 µm</quantity>
|
||
; diameter at rim
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFBDEFC16FB4AFC78" box="[1126,1205,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Coppinia: maximal diameter of gonothecae 170 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFC4FFBA1FBE8" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFC4FFDF7FC30" bold="true" box="[199,520,980,1007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Bay of Biscay, Iberian Peninsula,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFC27FC4FFBDDFC30" box="[927,1058,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.915" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="691.5" valueMax="790.0" valueMin="593.0">593–790 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFB8CFC4FFB2FFC30" author="Altuna, A." box="[1076,1232,980,1007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9220" refString="Altuna, A. (2012) New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the north- western Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic). Zootaxa, 3565 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3565.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Altuna, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F84DC91E0D2EFB5FFC4EFADEFC30" box="[1255,1313,981,1007]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Town and Agulhas Bank,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFEF2FC63FE21FBCD" box="[330,478,1016,1042]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFE55FC63FD90FBCC" box="[493,623,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.63" metricValueMin="1.3699999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="363.0" valueMin="137.0">137–363 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFD38FC63FCD3FBCC" author="Stechow, E." box="[640,812,1016,1043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFC83FC63FC24FBCD" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[827,987,1016,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10480" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFC51FC63FBDAFBCC" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[1001,1061,1016,1043]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref10634" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFB84FC62FAEFFBCD" box="[1084,1296,1016,1043]" name="La Reunion Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">La Reunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFAA3FC63FA63FBCC" box="[1307,1436,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="180.0" valueMax="195.0" valueMin="165.0">165–195 m</quantity>
|
||
(present study); Izu-Niijima and Sagami Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFD22FB86FD22FBE8" box="[666,733,1053,1079]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B4AC91E0D2EFD50FB87FCA6FBE8" box="[744,857,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" unit="m" value="76.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="50.0">50–103 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFCDFFB87FBF5FBE8" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[871,1034,1052,1079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref9990" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1983) Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFBADFB87FBAEFBE8" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[1045,1105,1052,1079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref10020" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II, Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6524C91E0D20FF7FFBDAFF28FDBC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFBDAFD4DFB19" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FFBDAFEC4FB84" bold="true" box="[199,315,1089,1115]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There are many citations to the species in the literature, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFC48FBDAFB91FB84" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[1008,1134,1089,1115]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFC48FBDAFB91FB84" box="[1008,1134,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is basically known from a few records composing a disjunct distribution,
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFD19FBFEFD37FBA1" box="[673,712,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">viz.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFD76FBFFFCA3FBA1" box="[718,860,1124,1150]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFCD2FBFFFBF8FBA0" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[874,1031,1124,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref10634" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC91E0D2EFBA3FBFEFBA4FBA0" box="[1051,1115,1125,1151]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFBD1FBFFFAF4FBA0" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[1129,1291,1124,1151]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref10020" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II, Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Iberian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFEAAFB13FE55FB7C" author="Altuna, A." box="[274,426,1160,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9220" refString="Altuna, A. (2012) New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the north- western Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic). Zootaxa, 3565 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3565.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Altuna, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Herein we add a record for the Indian Ocean (RMNH-Coel. slide 251). Unfortunately, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A880DC91E0D2EFF2FFB36FF38FB18" box="[151,199,1197,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFE8BFB36FE4FFB18" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[307,432,1197,1223]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFE8BFB36FE4FFB18" box="[307,432,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be accessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FFB4BFE9CF9D4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFF7FFB4BFE84FB34" author="Stechow, E." box="[199,379,1232,1259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFE4FFB4AFD8AFB34" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[503,629,1233,1259]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFE4FFB4AFD8AFB34" box="[503,629,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comparing that with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFCCAFB4BFAEDFB34" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[882,1298,1232,1259]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFCCAFB4BFB9BFB35" box="[882,1124,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Zygophylax valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFBD4FB4BFAEDFB34" author="Stechow, E." box="[1132,1298,1232,1259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFAF3FB4AFE53FAD0" authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="convallaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFAF3FB4AFF0FFAD1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. convallaria</emphasis>
|
||
(Allman, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among these species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFD03FB6EFCA3FAD1" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[699,860,1268,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="convallaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFD03FB6EFCA3FAD1" box="[699,860,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. convallaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents larger and sigmoid hydrothecae with the adcaulinar wall more sinuous, nematothecae more elongated, gonothecae not adnate with short projections of the distal end, as we observed in the specimens ROMIZ B1921 and USNM 52473. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFB54FAA6FA8FFA89" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[1260,1392,1340,1366]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFB54FAA6FA8FFA89" box="[1260,1392,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller dimensions than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFE08FAFAFDD1FAA4" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[432,558,1377,1403]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFE08FAFAFDD1FAA4" box="[432,558,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with more rectilineous walls of hydrothecae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFB83FAFBFB19FAA4" author="Stechow, E." box="[1083,1254,1376,1403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="383 - 546" refId="ref11617" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 27, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFF2FFA1EFEE0FA41" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,287,1412,1438]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF2FFA1EFEE0FA41" box="[151,287,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the original description based on material lacking gonosome (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFB5BFA1FFA6FFA40" author="Stechow, E." box="[1251,1424,1412,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFF2FFA33FE80FA1C" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,383,1448,1475]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF2FFA33FE80FA1C" box="[151,383,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also described from infertile material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFCE7FA33FBF8FA1C" author="Stechow, E." box="[863,1031,1448,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFBA9FA33FBB3FA1C" author="Stechow, E." box="[1041,1100,1448,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="383 - 546" refId="ref11617" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 27, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but its gonosome was subsequently described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFED2FA57FDF8FA39" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[362,519,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10480" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFDA9FA57FDB3FA38" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[529,588,1484,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref10634" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFDEEFA57FD02FA38" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[598,765,1484,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref9990" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1983) Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), being similar to the coppinia of the specimen ZMUC-HYD 268 studied by us.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D2EFF7FF98EFCC7F8D9" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFF7FF98EFE26F9F0" author="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W." box="[199,473,1557,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref11253" refString="Rees, W. J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked about the affinities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFC2EF98EFBEBF9F0" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[918,1044,1557,1583]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFC2EF98EFBEBF9F0" box="[918,1044,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFBF5F98FFAA1F9F0" authority="Busk, 1857" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[1101,1374,1556,1583]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFBF5F98FFB2EF9F1" box="[1101,1233,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFB62F98FFAA1F9F0" author="Busk, G." box="[1242,1374,1556,1583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="172 - 174" refId="ref9536" refString="Busk, G. (1857) Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 5, 172 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Busk, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with apedicellate hydrotheca, based on the secondary axial tubes of the stem and hydrocladia extending over the pedicels of hydrothecae. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFE4EF9C7FD61F9A8" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[502,670,1628,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10480" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFC35F9C7FBEEF9A9" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[909,1041,1628,1654]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFC35F9C7FBEEF9A9" box="[909,1041,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFBF4F9C7FB30F9A9" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1100,1231,1628,1654]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFBF4F9C7FB30F9A9" box="[1100,1231,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be united. However, this character is variable and related to the stage of development of the colony—young colonies have fewer secondary axial tubes on all planes of the colony resulting in non-immersed hydrothecae. This is clear in the specimen ZMUC-HYD 268, with monosiphonic hydrocladia and few polysiphonic stem and ramifications, resulting in few immersed hydrothecae with conspicuous pedicel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91E0D20FF7FF88BFF35FEB8" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1979]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFF7FF88BFD76F8F4" authority="Hirohito, 1983" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[199,649,1808,1835]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFF7FF88BFE24F8F5" box="[199,475,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Zygophylax sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFE5BF88BFD76F8F4" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[483,649,1808,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref9990" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1983) Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a species with similar trophosome to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFB61F88AFAA8F8F4" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[1241,1367,1809,1835]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFB61F88AFAA8F8F4" box="[1241,1367,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, what can be seen by some previous misidentifications (
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFD61F8AEFCFEF891" box="[729,769,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFCAAF8AFFC51F890" author="Ritchie, J." box="[786,942,1844,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="217 - 225" refId="ref11345" refString="Ritchie, J. (1911) Contribution to our knowledge of the hydroid fauna of the west of Scotland. Being an account of the collections made by Sir John Murray, K. C. B., on S. Y. " Medusa ". Annals of Scottish natural History, 20 (80), 217 - 225." type="journal article" year="1911">Ritchie, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFC04F8AEFBA3F890" author="Watson, J. E." box="[956,1116,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="153 - 200" refId="ref11883" refString="Watson, J. E. (1973) Hydroids. In: Pearson Island Expedition, 1969 - 9. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 97 (3), pp. 153 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The shape and size of the hydrothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFEF3F8C2FE35F8AC" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[331,458,1881,1907]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFEF3F8C2FE35F8AC" box="[331,458,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFDBEF8C2FD50F8AD" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[518,687,1881,1906]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFDBEF8C2FD50F8AD" box="[518,687,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indeed similar, hindering the identification of infertile specimens, but the gonosomes are distinct, with gonothecae with two projections oriented to opposite directions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFA3EF8E6FF09F864" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFA3EF8E6FF09F864" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only one projection in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91E0D2EFD90F83AFD31F865" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[552,718,1953,1978]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91E0D2EFD90F83AFD31F865" box="[552,718,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFD64F83BFC7AF864" author="Hirohito, H. M." box="[732,901,1952,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" refId="ref10020" refString="Hirohito, H. M. (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II, Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91E0D2EFC28F83AFBC2F864" author="Vervoort, W." box="[912,1085,1952,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" pagination="181 - 318" refId="ref11757" refString="Vervoort, W. (2006) Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands [Anthoathecata, various families of Leptothecata and addenda]. Zoologische Mededelingen, 80, 181 - 318." type="journal article" year="2006">Vervoort, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the gonothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FF2FFF01FEC1FF6C" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,318,154,179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FF2FFF01FEC1FF6C" box="[151,318,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are completely adnate to each other, and only the tubular processes are free, presenting a polygonal aspect on a superior view, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FD2DFF25FCEBFF08" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[661,788,189,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FD2DFF25FCEBFF08" box="[661,788,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the most distal third of the gonothecae completely free. Nevertheless, in one gonotheca of the specimen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FD4EFF79FC62FF24" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1983" box="[758,925,226,251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FD4EFF79FC62FF24" box="[758,925,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RMNH-Coel. slide 5352), we observed two projections horn-shaped of equal size, contrary to the pattern of the majority of the gonothecae of the same colony in which the pattern with only one projection dominates. However, this pattern might be a small intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6627C91F0D2FFF2FF808FBC4F82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839514/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" startId="7.[151,234,1939,1964]" targetBox="[191,1396,181,1913]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC91F0D2FFF2FF808FBC4F82B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1939,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91F0D2FFF2FF808FEFCF873" bold="true" box="[151,259,1939,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC91F0D2FFEB2F808FD84F874" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[266,635,1939,1964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC91F0D2FFEB2F808FE23F874" box="[266,476,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Zygophylax africana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC91F0D2FFE5BF808FD84F874" author="Stechow, E." box="[483,635,1939,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11588" refString="Stechow, E. (1923) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 56, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A, B) hydrocladium and branch with nematothecae on secondary axial tubes; (C) hydrocladium; (D–E) nematothecae on hydrothecal apophyses; (F) gonothecae surrounding branch; (G) detail of the gonothecae with two projections each. Scale: (A–E, G) 100 µm; (F) 200 µm. (ZMUC-HYD 268)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36AFC9100D20FF7FFEEAFF28FDBC" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
The apical tubular processes of the gonothecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FCBBFEE9FC7EFE54" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[771,897,369,395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FCBBFEE9FC7EFE54" box="[771,897,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually elongated in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326763FC9100D20FB18FEEAFACFFE54" box="[1184,1328,369,395]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC9100D20FAF8FEEAFF2DFE70" author="Millard, N. A. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref10480" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1964) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Millard, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC9100D20FF58FE0FFEE4FE70" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[224,283,404,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref10634" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; ZMUC-HYD 268). However, specimens from the Bay of Biscay have gonothecae with shorter and thicker projections, suggested to be a variable intraspecific character (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC9100D20FC09FE22FBB4FE0C" author="Altuna, A." box="[945,1099,441,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref9220" refString="Altuna, A. (2012) New records of bathyal Leptolida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Bay of Biscay and the north- western Iberian Peninsula (northeastern Atlantic). Zootaxa, 3565 (1), 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3565.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Altuna, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gonothecae with two apical projections in opposite directions are present in other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FC51FE46FB93FE28" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1001,1132,477,503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FC51FE46FB93FE28" box="[1001,1132,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Zygophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FB6EFE45FA89FE28" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1238,1398,477,503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="convallaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FB6EFE45FA89FE28" box="[1238,1398,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. convallaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FA3EFE45FF02FDC4" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FA3EFE45FF02FDC4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FEB5FD9AFD03FDC4" authority="(Saemundsson, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Saemundsson" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[269,764,513,539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FEB5FD9AFE02FDC4" box="[269,509,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Zygophylax levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC9100D20FDB6FD9AFD0BFDC4" author="Saemundsson, B." box="[526,756,513,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" pagination="67 - 107" refId="ref11449" refString="Saemundsson, B. (1911) Bidrag til Kundskaben om de islandske Hydroider. Part II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 63, 67 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Saemundsson, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D2CC9100D20FCB3FD9AFB3FFDC4" authority="Stechow, 1913" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1913" box="[779,1216,513,539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvitheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EABDC9100D20FCB3FD9AFBF2FDC4" box="[779,1037,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Zygophylax curvitheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B5EC9100D20FBAEFD9AFB3FFDC4" author="Stechow, E." box="[1046,1216,513,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref11552" refString="Stechow, E. (1913) Neue Genera thecater Hydroiden aus der Familie der Lafoeiden und neue Species von Thecaten aus Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 43 (3), 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among others, but the degree of proximity between the gonothecae, and the size and curvature of the projections are variable among them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |