667 lines
93 KiB
XML
667 lines
93 KiB
XML
<document id="32F16DC643EB9173096983AC18935E1C" ID-CLB-Dataset="25417" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4674.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30736dc0-0f81-4770-89ee-268c23441052" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458474" ID-ZooBank="FB81B10E-244A-4132-9E08-EB3F635CBD82" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1569259991033" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peart, Rachael A., Spong, Keren, Sutherland, Judy & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4674.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4674 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polycheria spongoteras Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFA1FFED5E43FFA9FFB8FFEBFFFCFF83" masterDocTitle="A new species of sponge-dwelling amphipod, Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov., from Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1698756294874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="48FD0FAEE47B858A736F38FF3368F6BD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="75CC58DF38C7A426FFE3C89D27C5327A">
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<mods:title id="4393A30374C11E875E7C04CD2DE66073">A new species of sponge-dwelling amphipod, Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov., from Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="55A65435ECE8DEFBBAFFA8227131C94C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="289A0C9CD318442F63135FE905B23DF1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6CA722A9485DD569325A6155729C92D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED8EE72717ADE65D53B605D03A64867E">Peart, Rachael A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="82D5B4F0CDD60F91D9F684CCB44A30A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7773494D49F00E59D9E6B261F06C3EBD">Spong, Keren</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D7DC1ECA19E8EE3B0DDC611465071419" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AA5367469108D8A24F98A8B845A00973">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7B38FAFF66DE9681AE830BC39EBB9F1F">Sutherland, Judy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7FAB21E8B610E71F242129983785D406" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="290F63C4E149E0901159675390D9BFB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="50675FCAD451AFDD8942C2814620FA10">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1918DA9E4E0B4F9EABF6F2641D22AD71">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C74C3F5E1C5BAEE33C890ACCDD224098">
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<mods:title id="EBBA9DD5BCD2BC591B56FE208C49BA82">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3E7D7CBC2B782CF6E891773CBAEABEC8">
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<mods:date id="0FA8B2A4D2C43BE8E20E6685CD19E8BD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="93B0DF6C26C0E7A833A4E5D3DB8B68E8">2019-09-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3D6C0345BB22CB4CB4B60AEAD48AA2A8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="201C5788581A1D6632BD149B19601ED9">4674</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="17F206E4E696D3865F57C49A06926D85" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EA2CC598E87FD92588056A2C2FAD593F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6E0A5EBFFCAD350B9682F770A1C2094C">127</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="CB0D8BADF99DFEB3A377CFCC0FB1820A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="44520FA1ADAC5FD4E843D19418650BDF" type="CLB-Dataset">25417</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FF582069032282E4FED9A9027D99F04F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4674.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78DA89A907F3676068BCB8CFA7D2205A" type="GBIF-Dataset">30736dc0-0f81-4770-89ee-268c23441052</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7FC75BDEA0FEF0A4795D7B19349CFC57" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A250DE915B11B05FE387FA9A07D2EA0" type="Zenodo-Dep">3458474</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159397521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<subSubSection id="C32B65085E41FFABFF2FFB3AFDEBFB68" box="[151,535,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36835E41FFABFF2FFB3AFDEBFB68" blockId="2.[151,535,1233,1295]" box="[151,535,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<heading id="D0C681EF5E41FFABFF2FFB3AFDEBFB68" bold="true" box="[151,535,1233,1260]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF2FFB3AFDEBFB68" bold="true" box="[151,535,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E41FFABFF2FFB3AFE4EFB68" ID-CoL="7ZKYR" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,434,1233,1260]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF2FFB3AFE4EFB68" bold="true" box="[151,434,1233,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E41FFABFE01FB3AFDEBFB68" box="[441,535,1233,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E41FFABFF2FFB1EFEF7FA8C" box="[151,267,1269,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36835E41FFABFF2FFB1EFEF7FA8C" blockId="2.[151,535,1233,1295]" box="[151,267,1269,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130A2A065E41FFABFF27FB1EFEFFFA8C" box="[159,259,1269,1295]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1227,1252]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1409,348,1200]" captionTargetBox-1="[383,1217,210,1892]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1420,193,1902]" captionTargetBox-3="[210,1369,186,1907]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[171,1415,345,1201]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[371,1217,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[154,1434,181,1919]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A. Type locality of Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand. B. Homaxinella erecta (Brondsted, 1924), 53 mm total length, with amphipod Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. in residence (upper middle) in pocket 1.5 mm long (framed in box)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, NIWA 143340. Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339. Scale bars represent 0.2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339. Mouthparts, antennae, uropods and telson. Scale bars represent 0.2 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339, gnathopods 1–2, pereopods 3–7, scales bars represent 0.5 mm. Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, NIWA 143340, gnathopods 1–2 propodus and dactylus, scale bars represent 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458476" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458478" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458480" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458482" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3458476/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3458478/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3458480/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3458482/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E41FFABFF2FFAD6FA9EFA64" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36835E41FFABFF2FFAD6FB19FA1C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF2FFAD6FEB5FAD4" bold="true" box="[151,329,1340,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CDE5E41FFABFEECFAD6FAB6FAF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417898488" collectingDate="2017-05-31" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="42" latitude="-34.384" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-172.802" municipality="Spirits (Piwhane) Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="NIWA 143339" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFEECFAD6FE3DFAD4" bold="true" box="[340,449,1341,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<typeStatus id="548A88215E41FFABFEECFAD6FE3DFAD4" box="[340,449,1341,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—
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||
<specimenCode id="DB979EF85E41FFABFE63FAD6FD7AFAD4" box="[475,646,1341,1367]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 143339</specimenCode>
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||
, female,
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||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E41FFABFD4BFAD7FCB1FAD4" box="[755,845,1340,1367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, +1 permanent slide,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE465E41FFABFBF7FAD6FB6BFAD4" box="[1103,1175,1341,1367]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EEE60585E41FFABFB19FAD6FB3AFAD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4:8EEE60585E41FFABFB19FAD6FB3AFAD4" box="[1185,1222,1341,1367]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-34.384" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-172.802" municipality="Spirits (Piwhane) Bay" name="Stn" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Northland">Stn</location>
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||
KAH1706/10-A1,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACF95E41FFABFF2FFA8AFE6FFAF8" box="[151,403,1377,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Spirits (Piwhane) Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8615E41FFABFE18FA8AFDE8FAF8" box="[416,532,1377,1403]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Northland</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32676135E41FFABFD99FA8AFD47FAF8" box="[545,699,1377,1403]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0550445E41FFABFD70FA8AFCCFFAF8" box="[712,819,1377,1403]" degrees="34.384" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" precision="55" value="-34.384">34.384°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0550445E41FFABFCF8FA8AFC3DFAF8" box="[832,961,1377,1403]" degrees="172.802" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" precision="55" value="-172.802">172.802°W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CC99B665E41FFABFC75FA8AFBF6FAF8" box="[973,1034,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="42.0">
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<elevation id="001CD1B05E41FFABFC75FA8AFBF6FAF8" box="[973,1034,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, grab sample,
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<date id="FF8F10435E41FFABFB09FA8AFAB6FAF8" box="[1201,1354,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" value="2017-05-31">
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<collectingDate id="EFCBE9AB5E41FFABFB09FA8AFAB6FAF8" box="[1201,1354,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" value="2017-05-31">31 May 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B593CDE5E41FFABFAE1FA8AFCD7FA1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417898484" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="NIWA 143340" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFAE1FA8AFF29FA1C" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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<typeStatus id="548A88215E41FFABFAE1FA8AFF29FA1C" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979EF85E41FFABFF48FA6EFE6BFA1C" box="[240,407,1413,1439]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 143340</specimenCode>
|
||
, male, 5.0 mm, + 1 permanent slide
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CDE5E41FFABFC8EFA6EFB22FA1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417898485" box="[822,1246,1412,1439]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="NIWA 143341" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="DB979EF85E41FFABFC8EFA6EFC27FA1C" box="[822,987,1413,1439]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 143341</specimenCode>
|
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, juvenile,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E41FFABFBF7FA6FFB5BFA1C" box="[1103,1191,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFB0AFA6EFB22FA1C" box="[1202,1246,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">ibid</emphasis>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B8E36835E41FFABFF7FFA43FA9EFA64" blockId="2.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
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<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF7FFA43FDCBFA40" bold="true" box="[199,567,1448,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CDE5E41FFABFD87FA42FB8CFA40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417898486" box="[575,1136,1449,1475]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="NIWA 143342" specimenCount="12">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB979EF85E41FFABFD87FA42FD1AFA40" box="[575,742,1449,1475]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 143342</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D37FD0A5E41FFABFD4BFA42FC73FA40" box="[755,911,1449,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, males and females
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593CDE5E41FFABFBC5FA42FAA7FA64" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2417898489" collectingDate="2017-05-31" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="42" latitude="-34.384" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-172.802" municipality="Spirits (Piwhane) Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE465E41FFABFBC5FA42FB39FA40" box="[1149,1221,1449,1475]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EEE60585E41FFABFB75FA42FB0EFA40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887955E41FFA2FF2FFB3AFEC4FEE4:8EEE60585E41FFABFB75FA42FB0EFA40" box="[1229,1266,1449,1475]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-34.384" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-172.802" municipality="Spirits (Piwhane) Bay" name="Stn" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Northland">Stn</location>
|
||
KAH1706/10- A1,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEAACF95E41FFABFF7FFA26FE3CFA64" box="[199,448,1485,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Spirits (Piwhane) Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8615E41FFABFE73FA26FDC3FA64" box="[459,575,1485,1511]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Northland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E41FFABFDF2FA26FD1FFA64" box="[586,739,1485,1511]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0550445E41FFABFD56FA26FCA5FA64" box="[750,857,1485,1511]" degrees="34.384" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" precision="55" value="-34.384">34.384°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0550445E41FFABFCDCFA26FC19FA64" box="[868,997,1485,1511]" degrees="172.802" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" precision="55" value="-172.802">172.802°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E41FFABFC48FA26FBD7FA64" box="[1008,1067,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="42.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD1B05E41FFABFC48FA26FBD7FA64" box="[1008,1067,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, grab sample
|
||
<date id="FF8F10435E41FFABFB7EFA26FAA7FA64" box="[1222,1371,1485,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" value="2017-05-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9AB5E41FFABFB7EFA26FAA7FA64" box="[1222,1371,1485,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" value="2017-05-31">31 May 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E41FFA1FF7FFA1BFB74FEE4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E41FFABFF7FFA1BFAADF85C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF7FFA1BFEA5F988" bold="true" box="[199,345,1520,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A88215E41FFABFE61FA1AFDC2F988" box="[473,574,1521,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E41FFABFD12FA1BFCFAF988" box="[682,774,1520,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA 143339.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFC74FA1AFBF5F988" box="[972,1033,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Head</emphasis>
|
||
eye large, diameter approximately half head length; anteroventral margin angled/narrowly rounded; length subequal to pereonites 1 and 2. Rostrum absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFF55F9D2FE9CF9D0" box="[237,352,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Antenna 1</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in length to antenna 2; peduncle article 1 shorter than article 2 (0.8 ×), article 2 longer than article 3 (3.3 ×); accessory flagellum absent; primary flagellum with 18 articles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFBD4F9B6FB1CF9F4" box="[1132,1248,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Antenna 2</emphasis>
|
||
peduncle article 4 subequal to article 5; flagellum with 13 articles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E41FFABFD6EF96AFCBDF918" box="[726,833,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
incisor with 4 teeth on right and 5 teeth on left side; left lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth, right lacinia mobilis with only 2 teeth; molar large, triturative, asymmetrical; palp absent. Lower lip with outer lobe not projecting laterally. Upper lip with apical margin broadly rounded with fine lateral and facial setae. Maxilla 2 with inner plate apically narrowly rounded, 1 terminal seta; outer plate apically truncated with 7 simple and 3 toothed robust setae; palp linear (not tapering distally), with 8 medial and lateral slender simple setae and 2 long, terminal robust setae and 2 acute teeth; palp extending past distal tips of outer plate robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner and outer plates subequal lengths, both plates narrow and slightly curved; outer plate bearing 8 slender simple setae; inner plate bearing 15 slender simple setae. Maxilliped palp with 4 articles, slightly shorter than distal margin of outer plate, article 4 without nail; outer plate medial margin concave and lined with 11 short robust setae and no facial setae; inner plate about 1/3 length of outer plate, tipped with 4 slender setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E40FFAAFF7FFF71FBB8FEC0" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFF7FFF71FE42FF30" box="[199,446,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Pereon. Gnathopod 1</emphasis>
|
||
coxa anteroventral margin not produced, narrowly rounded, ventral margin bearing 3 small slender setae; basis linear, slightly shorter than distal articles combined, anteromedial margin with 7 elongate slender setae and several shorter lateral slender setae; merus shorter than carpus; carpus length subequal to propodus, posterior margin densely lined with long slender setae, anterior margin sparsely lined; propodal palm entire and convex, dactylus reaching length of palm; dactylus weakly curved, apically smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E660B5E40FFAAFF2FFB20FE38FAAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458476/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" startId="3.[151,250,1227,1252]" targetBox="[184,1409,348,1200]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E40FFAAFF2FFB20FE38FAAF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1227,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFF2FFB20FECEFB67" bold="true" box="[151,306,1227,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">FIGURE 1. A.</emphasis>
|
||
Type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E40FFAAFE67FB20FD2DFB60" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[479,721,1227,1251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFE67FB20FD2DFB60" box="[479,721,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFD60FB27FCD5FB67" bold="true" box="[728,809,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E40FFAAFD60FB27FCD5FB67" box="[728,809,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFB0EFB27FB31FB67" bold="true" box="[1206,1229,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E40FFAAFB6CFB20FEAEFA8B" authority="(Brondsted, 1924)" authorityName="Brondsted" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Homaxinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFB6CFB20FA60FB60" box="[1236,1436,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Homaxinella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E40FFAAFF26FB04FEB7FA8B" author="Brondsted, H. V." box="[158,331,1263,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" pagination="435 - 483" refId="ref7652" refString="Brondsted, H. V. (1924) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XXIII. Sponges from New Zealand. Part I. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn, 77, 435 - 483." type="journal article" year="1924">Brondsted, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 53 mm total length, with amphipod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E40FFAAFD75FB04FC43FA84" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[717,959,1263,1287]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFD75FB04FC43FA84" box="[717,959,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFC7EFB1BFBEBFA8B" bold="true" box="[966,1047,1264,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E40FFAAFC7EFB1BFBEBFA8B" box="[966,1047,1264,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in residence (upper middle) in pocket 1.5 mm long (framed in box).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E40FFAAFF7FFAB1FAABF9AB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1370,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFF7FFAB1FEA0FAF7" box="[199,348,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Gnathopod 2</emphasis>
|
||
coxa with anteroventral margin rounded, no defining corners or teeth, ventral margin bearing 1 slender seta; basis long and slender, linear, length subequal to sum of distal articles, with 3 long slender simple setae on posterior margin, anterior margin lined with small slender setae; merus shorter than carpus (0.65 ×), posterior margin with long slender setae; carpus length subequal to propodus, posterior and anterior margins lined with long slender setae; propodus subovoid, anterior and posterior margins lined with long, slender simple setae, palm entire and slightly convex, defined by robust seta; dactylus reaching to end of palm, dactylus inner margin smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E40FFAAFF7FF9D9FC0CF813" blockId="3.[151,1437,1370,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFF7FF9D9FEB6F9CF" box="[199,330,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Pereopod 3</emphasis>
|
||
anteroventral margin of coxa produced to form strong ventrally directed acute tooth (reaching ¼ length of basis); posteroventral corner produced to form bluntly rounded tooth, reaching to about half length of anteroventral tooth, ventral margin concave bearing 1 robust seta; basis slightly expanded, width approximately 0.5 × length, anterior margin with 4 robust setae, posterior with 3 robust setae and 1 long slender, simple seta; merus shorter than basis (0.75 ×), longer than carpus (1.5 ×), posterior margin with 3 marginal robust setae and 2 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 1 robust seta; carpus length subequal to propodus, posterior margin with 1 robust seta, anterior margin without setae; propodus posterior margin slightly concave, without robust setae, anterior margin with row of 3 robust setae and long tuft of slender simple setae; propodal palm acutely excavate, produced at posterior corner to form acute tooth, defined on posterior corner by 2 robust setae, anteriorly (at base of dactylus) by 1 robust seta; dactylus strongly curved, reaching defining corner of palm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E40FFADFF7FF871FD65FE4F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1370,2044]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E40FFAAFF7FF871FEB7F837" box="[199,331,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Pereopod 4</emphasis>
|
||
with anteroventral corner of coxa produced to form acute, ventrally directed tooth, reaching to about 1/5 length of basis, posterior margin strongly convex/sinuous, extending to form acute posteroventral corner resembling shape of claw due to concave shape of ventral margin, ventral margin bearing large robust seta and 2 slender setae; basis narrower than pereopod 3 basis, posterior margin with 3 robust setae on margin, 3 small slender setae on medial surface, anterior margin bare except for 2 small distal robust setae; merus linear, shorter than basis (0.76 ×), posterior margin with 2 marginal and 3 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 1 marginal and 1 distal robust seta, longer than carpus (1.9 ×); carpus posterior margin with 1 marginal and 1 distal robust seta, anterior margin without marginal setae and 2 small distal robust setae, shorter than propodus (0.78 ×); propodus posterior margin slightly concave, no marginal setae; anterior margin with 2 robust setae in row and long tuft of slender simple setae distally; palm acutely excavate defined posteriorly by acute tooth surrounded by 2 robust setae, palm bearing 2 slender, simple midpalmar setae and 2 robust setae at base of dactylus; dactylus strongly curved, reaching to end of palm and with smooth inner margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FFE3DFD24FC8A" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FFE3DFEB5FE73" box="[199,329,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Pereopod 5</emphasis>
|
||
with anteroventral and posteroventral corners rounded and not extended, ventral margin sinuous, bearing slender seta located posteriorly; basis expanded width 0.6 × length, posterior and anterior margins with small robust and slender setae; merus subequal in length to basis, posterior margin with 2 marginal and 2 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 4 marginal and 2 distal robust setae, longer than carpus; carpus longer than propodus, posterior margin with marginal and 2 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 3 marginal and 3 long distal robust setae; propodus posterior margin slightly sinuous and without marginal setae, anterior margin with bunch of 3 marginal robust setae and tuft of long slender simple distal setae; palm acutely excavate, defined by acute posterodistal corner, bearing 2 small robust setae, palm bearing 2 robust setae at base of dactylus; dactylus strongly curved, reaching to end of palm, with smooth inner margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FFCF9FB5AFBEA" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FFCF9FEB5FCAF" box="[199,329,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Pereopod 6</emphasis>
|
||
coxa posteroventral corner softly subquadrate, anteroventral corner produced to form small acute ventrally pointing tooth, ventral margin bearing 1 robust and 1 slender seta; basis subrectangular but expanded, posteroproximal corner slightly expanded and rounded, proximal posterior margin bearing 4 slender setae and 2 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 3 slender marginal and 2 robust distal setae; merus shorter than basis (0.72 ×), longer than carpus (2.2 ×), posterior margin with marginal and 2 distal robust setae, anterior margin lined with 7 long marginal and 3 distal robust setae; carpus shorter than propodus, posterior margin without marginal but with 3 distal robust setae, anterior margin with bunch of 3 marginal and 4 long distal robust setae; propodus posterior margin slightly concave without marginal setae, anterior margin with row of 3 marginal robust and tuft of long, slender distal setae; palm acutely excavate and defined by acute posterodistal corner and 2 robust setae, with robust seta at base of dactylus; dactylus strongly curved reaching to the end of palm, inner margin smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FFB99FAE3FA4A" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FFB99FEB5FB0E" box="[199,329,1138,1165]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Pereopod 7</emphasis>
|
||
coxa posteroventral corner narrowly rounded bearing small slender seta, anteroventral corner extended ventrally slightly forming small subacute tooth; basis similar shape to pereopod 6 with rounded posteroproximal corner, posterior margin lined along complete length with small slender and robust setae, ending distally with group of 3 long robust setae, anterior margin lined with 3 small slender marginal and slender distal setae; merus shorter than basis (0.7 ×), longer than carpus (2 ×), posterior margin with group of 2 marginal and 4 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 4 marginal and 4 distal long robust setae; carpus subequal length to propodus, posterior margin without marginal, with 3 distal robust setae, anterior margin with 2 marginal and 4 distal robust setae; propodus posterior margin slightly concave without robust setae, anterior margin with 3 marginal robust setae and distal tuft of long slender setae; palm smoothly excavate defined by small acute posteroventral tooth and 2 robust setae, with robust seta at base of dactylus; dactylus curved reaching to end of palm with inner margin smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FFA39FEBFF9FA" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FFA39FE62FA6E" box="[199,414,1490,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Pleon. Epimeron 1</emphasis>
|
||
posteroventral corner subquadrate, ventral margin with slender seta near anterior corner, with lateral suture/line prominent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFD9CFA1CFD54F993" box="[548,680,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Epimeron 2</emphasis>
|
||
with posteroventral corner subquadrate with softly rounded small tooth, ventral margin with slender seta near anterior corner, lateral suture/line prominent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFBC7F9F1FAFDF9B0" box="[1151,1281,1561,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Epimeron 3</emphasis>
|
||
with posteroventral corner subquadrate, no obvious tooth, ventral margin with slender seta near anterior corner, lateral suture/ line prominent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FF968FE60F943" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FF968FEAEF91E" box="[199,338,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Urosomite 1</emphasis>
|
||
without setae; dorsal margin with prominent carination, produced to form large dorsally rounded, posterior directed boss.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FF921FA7BF960" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" box="[199,1415,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FF921FE85F960" box="[199,377,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Urosomites 2–3</emphasis>
|
||
fused to form one segment. In situ, uropod 1 and 2 subequal and both shorter than uropod 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E47FFADFF7FF907FB6AF87E" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFF7FF907FECDF885" box="[199,305,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Uropod 1</emphasis>
|
||
peduncle fringed with long slender simple setae on lateral margins, medial margin with 7 short robust setae, 1 large distolateral robust seta, outer ramus subequal in length to inner, both rami with 7–9 slender setae, both tipped with long robust seta.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFE5CF8D9FDACF8CE" box="[484,592,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Uropod 2</emphasis>
|
||
peduncle without lateral setae, with 4 medial robust setae and distolateral long robust seta, outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, with 4 lateral and 1 distal robust seta, inner ramus without marginal but with 3 distal robust setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFD10F892FCEEF810" box="[680,786,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Uropod 3</emphasis>
|
||
peduncle with 4 short marginal slender/robust setae, outer ramus subequal to inner ramus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E47FFADFDB9F877FDB5F835" box="[513,585,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Telson</emphasis>
|
||
not extending beyond uropod, reaching only halfway along rami; subtriangular; deeply cleft to near the base (90%); lateral margins convex, bearing 2 robust and 2 or 3 slender setae on each lobe, each lobe apex acute, subapical notch and large cusp at base of distalmost robust seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E660B5E46FFACFF2FF872FE41F856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458478/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" startId="5.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[383,1217,210,1892]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E46FFACFF2FF872FE41F856" blockId="5.[151,1437,1945,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E46FFACFF2FF872FEEDF831" bold="true" box="[151,273,1945,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E46FFACFEAEF871FDFAF832" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[278,518,1946,1970]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E46FFACFEAEF871FDFAF832" box="[278,518,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E46FFACFDB3F871FDA6F831" bold="true" box="[523,602,1946,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E46FFACFDB3F871FDA6F831" box="[523,602,1946,1970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, NIWA 143340. Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339. Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E660B5E45FFAFFF2FF872FDFAF856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" startId="6.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[163,1420,193,1902]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E45FFAFFF2FF872FDFAF856" blockId="6.[151,1437,1945,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E45FFAFFF2FF872FEE9F831" bold="true" box="[151,277,1945,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E45FFAFFEA5F871FDECF832" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,528,1946,1970]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E45FFAFFEA5F871FDECF832" box="[285,528,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E45FFAFFDA0F871FD96F831" bold="true" box="[536,618,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E45FFAFFDA0F871FD96F831" box="[536,618,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339. Mouthparts, antennae, uropods and telson. Scale bars represent 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E660B5E44FFAEFF2FF872FF10F87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458482/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" startId="7.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[210,1369,186,1907]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E44FFAEFF2FF872FF10F87A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1945,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E44FFAEFF2FF872FEEEF831" bold="true" box="[151,274,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E44FFAEFEA0F871FDF4F832" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,520,1946,1970]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E44FFAEFEA0F871FDF4F832" box="[280,520,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E44FFAEFDB6F871FDA1F831" bold="true" box="[526,605,1946,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E44FFAEFDB6F871FDA1F831" box="[526,605,1946,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype, female, 5.5 mm, NIWA 143339, gnathopods 1–2, pereopods 3–7, scales bars represent 0.5 mm. Paratype, male, 5.0 mm, NIWA 143340, gnathopods 1–2 propodus and dactylus, scale bars represent 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA1FF7FFF73FA78FE9D" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF7FFF73FEB6FF30" bold="true" box="[199,330,152,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A88215E4BFFA1FE78FF72FDDCFF30" box="[448,544,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
male, 5.0 mm length, NIWA 143340. Sexual dimorphism minimal; eye smaller (than female); urosomite 1 carination smaller than female. There is minimal variation within the samples. With size, there are slight variations in the shapes of the coxae (angles less pronounced) and the amount of setation on the antennae. The key characters of the mouthparts and the setation on the telson do not vary within the sample size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA1FF7FFEC2FB74FEE4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF7FFEC2FE79FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,389,297,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
Sequence data from the COI marker is deposited in GenBank (Accession no. MN082372.1). The placement of the new species within the greater dexaminoid group is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A065E4BFFA1FB87FEA7FB7FFEE4" box="[1087,1155,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1615,1640]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,384,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,380,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from the COI dataset. Support values are shown on each branch: approximate Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT) values and ML bootstrap (%) above, and Bayesian PP values below. Only values greater than 70% (aLRT), 70% (bootstrap) and 0.9 (PP) are shown, but all support values are shown if two support methods reach the cut-off value. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers or BOLD accession number (for Nicippe tumida) are appended to taxon names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458484/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E660B5E4BFFA1FF2FF9A4FD93F974" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458484/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" startId="8.[151,250,1615,1640]" targetBox="[160,1425,384,1588]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA1FF2FF9A4FD93F974" blockId="8.[151,1437,1615,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF2FF9A4FEE8F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1615,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from the COI dataset. Support values are shown on each branch: approximate Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT) values and ML bootstrap (%) above, and Bayesian PP values below. Only values greater than 70% (aLRT), 70% (bootstrap) and 0.9 (PP) are shown, but all support values are shown if two support methods reach the cut-off value. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers or BOLD accession number (for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FF2FF90BFECEF974" authorityName="Bruzelius" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,306,1759,1783]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pardaliscidae" genus="Nicippe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF2FF90BFECEF974" box="[151,306,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Nicippe tumida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are appended to taxon names.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E4BFFA1FF7FF8CDFCA1F8E7" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA1FF7FF8CDFCA1F8E7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1830,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF7FF8CDFEB2F8C3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1830,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FD8CF8CCFD41F8C3" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[564,701,1831,1856]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FD8CF8CCFD41F8C3" box="[564,701,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sponge-watcher, Greek), was used by the ancient Greeks for a small creature that inhabited sponges. Noun used in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E4BFFA0FF7FF885FF34F884" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA1FF7FF885FE8EF853" blockId="8.[151,1436,1830,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF7FF885FEC7F80B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1902,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FEFBF885FDB2F80B" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[323,590,1902,1928]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FEFBF885FDB2F80B" box="[323,590,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Polycheria spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FDEDF885FD4CF80B" bold="true" box="[597,688,1902,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4BFFA1FDEDF885FD4CF80B" box="[597,688,1902,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most closely comparable to the only other known
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4BFFA1FABEF885FA60F80B" box="[1286,1436,1902,1928]" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FF4FF879FE38F82F" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[247,452,1938,1964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FF4FF879FE38F82F" box="[247,452,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">Polycheria obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and can also be compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FCA3F878FC50F82F" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[795,940,1938,1964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FCA3F878FCD0F82F" box="[795,812,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FC82F878FC50F82F" box="[826,940,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as this species was previously documented from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4BFFA1FF6DF85DFE92F853" box="[213,366,1974,2000]" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4BFFA0FF7FF831FD05FE57" blockId="8.[151,1436,1830,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A88215E4BFFA1FF43F831FED7F877" box="[251,299,2010,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4BFFA1FE0FF830FDE3F877" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[439,543,2010,2036]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4BFFA1FE0FF830FDE3F877" box="[439,543,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="135">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was unable to be located and so the original description and illustrations were used for comparison with the present material. The new species aligns with the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB2DFF72FAECFF30" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1173,1296,153,179]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB2DFF72FAECFF30" box="[1173,1296,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FF2FFF56FEA9FF54" author="Thomson, G. M." box="[151,341,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="230 - 238" refId="ref9441" refString="Thomson, G. M. (1882) Additions to the crustacean fauna of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 230 - 238, pls. XVII-XVIII." type="journal article" year="1882">Thomson (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but there are several differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC89FF55FC6BFF54" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[817,919,189,215]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC89FF55FC6BFF54" box="[817,919,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC76FF55FB8EFF54" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[974,1138,190,215]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC76FF55FB8EFF54" box="[974,1138,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FBC1FF56FB2FFF54" bold="true" box="[1145,1235,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FBC1FF56FB2FFF54" box="[1145,1235,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB40FF55FA60FF54" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1272,1436,190,215]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB40FF55FA60FF54" box="[1272,1436,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF2FFF0AFF0CFF78" bold="true" box="[151,240,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FF2FFF0AFF0CFF78" box="[151,240,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the antennae are about half of the body length, compared to two-thirds body length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB04FF09FADEFF78" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[1212,1314,225,251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB04FF09FADEFF78" box="[1212,1314,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; antenna 1 article 1 0.8 × length of article 2 (0.5 × length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FD05FEEDFCD8FE9C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[701,804,261,287]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD05FEEDFCD8FE9C" box="[701,804,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); antenna 1 subequal in length to antenna 2 (longer than antenna
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E4AFFA0FF4DFEC2FEDCFEC0" box="[245,288,297,323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FE9FFEC1FE71FEC0" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[295,397,297,323]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE9FFEC1FE71FEC0" box="[295,397,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); gnathopod 2 propodus ovoid (oblong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FCDFFEC1FC37FEC0" box="[871,971,297,323]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtuse">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCDFFEC1FC37FEC0" box="[871,971,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtuse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) also pereopod 7 is the shortest pereopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FF0BFEA5FEABFEE4" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[179,343,334,359]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF0BFEA5FEABFEE4" box="[179,343,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rather than the longest in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FD38FEA5FD19FEE4" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[640,741,333,359]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD38FEA5FD19FEE4" box="[640,741,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the number of robust setae on the telson and the shape varies between the two species (the new species has two robust and two or three slender setae on each lobe, with dominant sub-apical cusps and telson is approximately 1.7 × longer than wide;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC0AFE7DFBE7FE2C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[946,1051,405,431]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC0AFE7DFBE7FE2C" box="[946,1051,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 6 large robust setae per lobe, minute subapical cusps and is 2.5 × longer than wide).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA0FF7FFE36FC21FD2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FF7FFE36FE8FFE74" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[199,371,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref7387" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1972) The marine fauna of New Zealand: algae-living littoral Gammaridea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 62, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1972">Barnard (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FDB2FE35FD8DFE74" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[522,625,477,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FDB2FE35FD8DFE74" box="[522,625,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Blueskin Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F8615E4AFFA0FCE2FE36FC5EFE74" box="[858,930,477,503]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The illustrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FBC9FE36FAEDFE74" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[1137,1297,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref7387" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1972) The marine fauna of New Zealand: algae-living littoral Gammaridea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 62, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1972">Barnard 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 26, 27) indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FE9EFDE9FE70FD98" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[294,396,513,539]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE9EFDE9FE70FD98" box="[294,396,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to the new species but differs in the shape of the propodi (straightsided in Barnard’s material, diverging in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FDD8FDCDFCF8FDBC" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[608,772,550,575]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FDD8FDCDFCF8FDBC" box="[608,772,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCB3FDCEFC98FDBC" bold="true" box="[779,868,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FCB3FDCEFC98FDBC" box="[779,868,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and the setal arrangement on the maxilliped inner plate (six slender apical setae in Barnard’s material and three more robust setae and one longer slender seta in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FA30FDA1FEDCFD04" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FA30FDA1FEDCFD04" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE91FD86FE79FD04" bold="true" box="[297,389,621,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FE91FD86FE79FD04" box="[297,389,621,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). The key difference, however, appears to be the shape of the head (anteriorly narrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FA30FD85FEDCFD28" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FA30FD85FEDCFD28" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE9FFD7AFE7DFD28" bold="true" box="[295,385,657,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FE9FFD7AFE7DFD28" box="[295,385,657,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and broad in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FDA3FD79FD79FD28" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[539,645,657,683]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FDA3FD79FDD0FD28" box="[539,556,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD82FD7AFD79FD28" box="[570,645,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as per Barnard’s illustrations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA0FF7FFD5EFBD2FC6C" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FF7FFD5EFEA7FD4C" author="Foster, J. M." box="[199,347,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref8018" refString="Foster, J. M. (2008) Review of the genus Polycheria Haswell, a symbiotic group of amphipods (Crustacea: Dexaminidae) with descriptions of new species from Florida, the Caribbean Sea, and the Indo-Pacific Region. Dissertations. 1142. Available from: https: // aquila. usm. edu / dissertations / 1142 (accessed 4 September 2019)" type="url" year="2008">Foster (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 35–36) also illustrated several specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4AFFA0FC0AFD5EFBB5FD4C" box="[946,1097,693,719]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
that he assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FA96FD5DFA6AFD4C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[1326,1430,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FA96FD5DFA6AFD4C" box="[1326,1430,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these specimens seem to differ again from those described by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FC0EFD32FB8DFD70" author="Thomson, G. M." box="[950,1137,729,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="230 - 238" refId="ref9441" refString="Thomson, G. M. (1882) Additions to the crustacean fauna of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 230 - 238, pls. XVII-XVIII." type="journal article" year="1882">Thomson (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FB11FD32FAA9FD70" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[1193,1365,729,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref7387" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1972) The marine fauna of New Zealand: algae-living littoral Gammaridea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 62, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1972">Barnard (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under that name, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FE30FD15FDD1FC94" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[392,557,766,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE30FD15FDD1FC94" box="[392,557,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD8CFD16FD72FC94" bold="true" box="[564,654,765,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FD8CFD16FD72FC94" box="[564,654,765,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see Table 1 for the diagnostic differences). The significance of these differences is that the key characters for distinguishing between species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC49FCCAFB90FCB8" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1009,1132,801,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC49FCCAFB90FCB8" box="[1009,1132,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include the proportions of the antennae; the shape of coxae; the robustness of the pereopods; and the setation on the uropods and telson. The most variable characters seem to be the associated with eye shape. The other indication is that instead of just one species occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4AFFA0FEC2FC66FDEEFC24" box="[378,530,909,935]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there are probably multiple cryptic species and filling specific habitats, providing a situation similar to the deep-sea environment where convergent evolution to live in a specific environment (i.e. in association with a soft-bodied organism) produces very conservative morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA0FF7FFC12FF00FAF8" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
As mentioned in the introduction, specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FCF3FC12FBBCFB90" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[843,1088,1017,1043]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCF3FC12FBBCFB90" box="[843,1088,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4AFFA0FADFFC12FF0DFBB4" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
on numerous occasions.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FDADFBF6FCF0FBB4" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[533,780,1053,1079]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FDADFBF6FCF0FBB4" box="[533,780,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to a catch-all species that requires revision. In a move by Chilton (1912), a number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FDF0FBAAFD3FFBD8" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[584,707,1089,1115]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FDF0FBAAFD3FFBD8" box="[584,707,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were placed into synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB24FBA9FAD7FBD8" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1180,1323,1090,1115]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB24FBA9FAD7FBD8" box="[1180,1323,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FF2FFB8DFF03FBFC" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,255,1125,1151]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF2FFB8DFF03FBFC" box="[151,255,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E4AFFA0FEFFFB8EFE1EFBFC" box="[327,482,1125,1151]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This was synonymy was rejected by subsequent studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FBCFFB8EFAEAFBFC" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[1143,1302,1125,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref7387" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1972) The marine fauna of New Zealand: algae-living littoral Gammaridea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 62, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1972">Barnard 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FA9CFB8EFEBCFB20" author="Barnard, J. L. & Karaman, G. S." pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 417" refId="ref7323" refString="Barnard, J. L. & Karaman, G. S. (1991) The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gamma- roids). Part 1. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13 (1), 1 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard & Karaman 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FEF4FB62FD86FB20" author="Bousfield, E. L. & Kendall, J. A." box="[332,634,1161,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="3 - 66" refId="ref7604" refString="Bousfield, E. L. & Kendall, J. A. (1994) The Amphipod Superfamily Dexaminoidea on the North American Pacific Coast; Families Atylidae and Dexaminidae: Systematics and Distributional Ecology. Amphipacifica, 1 (3), 3 - 66." type="journal article" year="1994">Bousfield & Kendall 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FD36FB62FCA7FB20" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1882" box="[654,859,1161,1187]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD36FB62FCA7FB20" box="[654,859,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC48FB61FB82FB20" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[1008,1150,1162,1187]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC48FB61FB82FB20" box="[1008,1150,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E4AFFA0FB3DFB62FAEDFB20" box="[1157,1297,1161,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(taken from the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FE7FFB46FD96FB44" author="Stebbing, T. R." box="[455,618,1196,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="184 - 188" refId="ref9395" refString="Stebbing, T. R. (1875) XXIII. - On some new exotic sessile-eyed Crustaceans. Journal of Natural History, Series 4, 15 (87), 184 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937508681055" type="journal article" year="1875">Stebbing 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and opposed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC9CFB45FB03FB44" authority="Thurston, 1974" authorityName="Thurston" authorityYear="1974" box="[804,1279,1197,1223]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="antarctica" subSpecies="acanthopoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC9CFB45FBB7FB44" box="[804,1099,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica acanthopoda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FBEBFB46FB03FB44" author="Thurston, M. H." box="[1107,1279,1197,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref9478" refString="Thurston, M. H. (1974) Crustacea Amphipoda from Graham Land and the Scotia arc, collected by Operation Tabarin and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey 1944 - 59. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 85, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1974">Thurston, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the shape of pereopod 4 coxa (anteroventral corner subquadrate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC9AFB39FC4DFB68" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[802,945,1234,1259]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC9AFB39FC4DFB68" box="[802,945,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and acutely produced ventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FAF9FB39FF17FA8C" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FAF9FB39FF17FA8C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the broad bases on pereopods 3–7 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FD13FB1DFCC5FA8C" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[683,825,1270,1295]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FD13FB1DFCC5FA8C" box="[683,825,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(narrow to moderately expanded on pereopods
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E4AFFA0FAEDFB1FFA60FA8C" box="[1365,1436,1268,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FF2FFAF1FEC7FAB0" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,315,1306,1331]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF2FFAF1FEC7FAB0" box="[151,315,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and greatly extended meri on the pereopods 3–7 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC2DFAF1FBDFFAB0" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[917,1059,1306,1331]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC2DFAF1FBDFFAB0" box="[917,1059,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
producing the impression of long slender pereopods (relatively shorter meri on the pereopods giving the impression of shorter pereopds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FAF9FAD5FF17FAF8" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FAF9FAD5FF17FAF8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA0FF7FFA6EFBA7F93C" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Molecular sequencing of the material at hand was undertaken to place the new species in context of other dexaminoids. As expected, the COI sequence obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FCECFA41FC00FA40" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[852,1020,1450,1475]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCECFA41FC00FA40" box="[852,1020,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a well-supported clade (alrt 98.8%, bootstrap 98%, posterior probability 1.0) with the single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FCCDFA26FC0CFA64" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[885,1008,1485,1511]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCCDFA26FC0CFA64" box="[885,1008,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
COI sequence available in GenBank,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FF2FFA19FEF4F988" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,264,1521,1547]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF2FFA19FEF4F988" box="[151,264,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. osborni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northeastern Pacific (GenBank Accession number MH242935.1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A065E4AFFA0FBEDFA1AFB65F988" box="[1109,1177,1520,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1615,1640]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,384,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,380,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogram estimated from the COI dataset. Support values are shown on each branch: approximate Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT) values and ML bootstrap (%) above, and Bayesian PP values below. Only values greater than 70% (aLRT), 70% (bootstrap) and 0.9 (PP) are shown, but all support values are shown if two support methods reach the cut-off value. Scale bar represents substitutions per site. GenBank accession numbers or BOLD accession number (for Nicippe tumida) are appended to taxon names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458484/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB58FA1AFAA7F988" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1248,1371,1521,1547]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB58FA1AFAA7F988" box="[1248,1371,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is recovered as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FE11F9FDFDE7F9AC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[425,539,1558,1583]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Dexamine" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FE11F9FDFDE7F9AC" box="[425,539,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Dexamine</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corroborating its placement in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC38F9FEFBE4F9AC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[896,1048,1557,1583]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dexaminidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which received moderate support (92.4/66/1.0). Pairwise divergence between the sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FCFDF9D1FC15F9D0" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[837,1001,1594,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FCFDF9D1FC15F9D0" box="[837,1001,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB98F9D1FB6DF9D0" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1898" box="[1056,1169,1593,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="osborni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB98F9D1FB6DF9D0" box="[1056,1169,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">P. osborni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at 22.5%, corroborates their specific distinctness. The placement of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC90F9B6FC5FF9F4" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[808,931,1629,1655]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC90F9B6FC5FF9F4" box="[808,931,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the molecular tree indicates that the genus belongs in the super family Dexaminoidea and that has closer affinities to the dexaminids as opposed to the atylids and lepichinellids. Beyond that very little can be said until further sequencing is done.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA0FF7FF923FF34F884" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF7FF923FED6F960" bold="true" box="[199,298,1736,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A88215E4AFFA0FE8AF922FE96F960" box="[306,362,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material was obtained from a specimen of the sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FC6EF922FB48F960" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[982,1204,1737,1763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Homaxinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FC6EF922FB48F960" box="[982,1204,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Homaxinella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E4AFFA0FB67F922FAE5F960" box="[1247,1305,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A065E4AFFA0FAD7F922FF44F884" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1227,1252]" captionTargetBox="[184,1409,348,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[171,1415,345,1201]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Type locality of Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand. B. Homaxinella erecta (Brondsted, 1924), 53 mm total length, with amphipod Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. in residence (upper middle) in pocket 1.5 mm long (framed in box)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B65085E4AFFA2FF7FF8FAFEC4FEE4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36835E4AFFA2FF7FF8FAFEC4FEE4" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,359]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FF7FF8FAFED0F8A8" bold="true" box="[199,300,1809,1835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The exact nature of this sponge/amphipod relationship is unknown, but we assume that it is commensal, with the amphipods feeding on particulate matter brought to the sponge via the aquiferous incurrent flow. Such a relationship has been recorded in several other sponges and ascidians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FC04F8B2FBB9F8F0" author="Foster, J. M." box="[956,1093,1881,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref8018" refString="Foster, J. M. (2008) Review of the genus Polycheria Haswell, a symbiotic group of amphipods (Crustacea: Dexaminidae) with descriptions of new species from Florida, the Caribbean Sea, and the Indo-Pacific Region. Dissertations. 1142. Available from: https: // aquila. usm. edu / dissertations / 1142 (accessed 4 September 2019)" type="url" year="2008">Foster 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FBE8F8B2FB29F8F0" author="White, K. N." box="[1104,1237,1881,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref9523" refString="White, K. N. (2011) A taxonomic review of the Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa, 3078 (1), 1 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3078.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">White 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FB58F8B2FA73F8F7" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[1248,1423,1881,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref7526" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera: Demospongiae. Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 106 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it is assumed that the modified leg claws enable the amphipod to burrow into sponge tissue or hold tight to the pinacoderm until the sponge overgrows them (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B725E4AFFA0FD2AF84AFCB9F83F" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[658,837,1953,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" refId="ref7526" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera: Demospongiae. Part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 37, 106 pp." type="book" year="1968">Bergquist 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cavities are not typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E4AFFA0FB0EF84AFA69F838" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1206,1429,1953,1979]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Homaxinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E4AFFA0FB0EF84AFA69F838" box="[1206,1429,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="136">Homaxinella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the surface of this species, and indeed most other suberitid sponges, is usually waxy-smooth with no cavities except
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E49FFA3FF2FFF73FEEDFF30" bold="true" box="[151,273,152,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic differences between allied species and specimens of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32676135E49FFA3FC5DFF72FB87FF30" box="[997,1147,153,179]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E49FFA3FB3AFF72FB01FF30" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1154,1277,153,179]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E49FFA3FB3AFF72FB01FF30" box="[1154,1277,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">Polycheria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. the large exhalent oscules, but even oscules are not apparent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E49FFA3FCCFF87EFC1DF82D" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[887,993,1941,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Homaxinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E49FFA3FCCFF87EFC77F82D" box="[887,907,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E49FFA3FC24F87EFC1DF82D" box="[924,993,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="137">erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. The amphipods described here were positioned dorsally to the body of the sponge, in cavities longer than wide, with the appendages able to reach beyond the cavity. Only a single individual per cavity was observed and there were over 20 cavities evident in the sponge body, which measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E48FFA2FE55FF73FDC0FF30" box="[493,572,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B665E48FFA2FD11FF72FD15FF30" box="[681,745,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
maximum diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A065E48FFA2FC60FF72FBD2FF30" box="[984,1070,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1227,1252]" captionTargetBox="[184,1409,348,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[171,1415,345,1201]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Type locality of Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. Spirits Bay, Northland, New Zealand. B. Homaxinella erecta (Brondsted, 1924), 53 mm total length, with amphipod Polycheria spongoteras sp. nov. in residence (upper middle) in pocket 1.5 mm long (framed in box)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3458476/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each cavity has a well-formed, smooth, opaque margin, suggesting that the layer of fibrillar collagen, common to the ectosome (outer surface) of all suberitid sponges, extends around the lining of the cavity as it would at a site of injury in these sponges (see Kelly- Borges & Bergquist 1988). Finally, as this is the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E48FFA2FC3EFEEEFB9FFE9C" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[902,1123,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Homaxinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E48FFA2FC3EFEEEFB9FFE9C" box="[902,1123,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">Homaxinella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined that has revealed amphipod dwellers, we can only assume that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D005E48FFA2FD23FEC1FCBDFEC0" authority="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Peart & Spong & Sutherland & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[667,833,298,323]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongoteras" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E48FFA2FD23FEC1FCBDFEC0" box="[667,833,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">P. spongoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EA915E48FFA2FCF1FEC2FC5FFEC0" bold="true" box="[841,931,297,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657EA5E48FFA2FCF1FEC2FC5FFEC0" box="[841,931,297,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is opportunistic as opposed to specific in its host selection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |