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<document id="0508759778F1B33D20229D31DBB0D3BD" ID-CLB-Dataset="4110" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1517" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5546d7c-09e9-4dd2-982b-e419c3f047e0" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542069" ID-ZooBank="C69631FE-E71B-4782-8399-1AD84527DA7E" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633024733025" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Molina, Óscar S. &amp; Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H." docDate="2021" docId="9D2E87F3FFA1804FFDA9FE93FD09F827" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-773_80-119.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 773" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Hemicnetha) Enderlein 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="6117FF8BFFB3805BFF8CFF9BFFC5FFA6" masterDocTitle="Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="80" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1699458273741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="26C3E1A25EEBC254A9C3DFBBCCD20850">Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A78FA7554AA6ED55EFBF95DCE482CC1">Molina, Óscar S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A365471F96F9A5AF2507C2654126C8F">Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC / Fiocruz, Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose (LSO / IOC- Fiocruz), Coleção de Simulídeos do IOC - CSIOC / Fiocruz, Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Av. Brazil, 4.365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBCCF0E27F24E9732E4CFFC1D8E84248">Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="05E902D236FF9A3BDA8E3DE2C72AE11D">Departamento de Entomologia. Museu Nacional-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D564562866321373B84B6917C604481E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="45E50B9C870706D8948134A24EFDF37A">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9D2E87F3FFA1804FFDA9FE93FD09F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5557598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188591854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5557598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D2E87F3FFA1804FFDA9FE93FD09F827" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D2E87F3FFA1804FFDA9FE93FD09F827" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
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<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FDA9FE93FBCBFE85" blockId="18.[282,1306,264,327]" box="[549,1038,264,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="4E708189FFA18049FDA9FE93FBCBFE85" box="[549,1038,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FDA9FE93FBCBFE85" ID-CoL="89SFP" authority="Enderlein, 1934" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[549,1038,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FDA9FE93FC89FE85" bold="true" box="[549,844,264,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FDA9FE93FD59FE85" bold="true" box="[549,668,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FD21FE93FC84FE85" bold="true" box="[685,833,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
)
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Enderlein, 1934
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<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA18049FE96FEB7FADFFEE1" box="[282,1306,300,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FE96FEB7FADFFEE1" blockId="18.[282,1306,264,327]" box="[282,1306,300,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FE96FEB7FE55FEE0" box="[282,400,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 3–15" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,278,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,273,1669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542075/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FE11FEB7FDD0FEE0" box="[413,533,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">19–20, 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FDADFEB7FDA8FEE0" box="[545,621,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">41–42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FDF5FEB7FD00FEE0" box="[633,709,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">60–62</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FD5DFEB7FCD8FEE0" box="[721,797,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">80–81</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FCA5FEB7FC41FEE0" box="[809,900,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">99–102</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FC1CFEB7FBF7FEE0" box="[912,1074,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey &amp; Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">111, 122–123</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FBB2FEB7FB62FEE0" box="[1086,1191,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 128–149" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,487,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-76@26.[189,1398,483,1603]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 128–149. Larva (last instar). Postgenal cleft. 128–131. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 128. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 129. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 130. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 131. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 132–135. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 132. berghei Fain, 1949. 133. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 134. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 135. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 136–139. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al., 1946. 136. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 137. canadense Hearle, 1932. 138. capricorne De León, 1945. 139. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 140–143. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 140. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 141. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 142. paynei Vargas, 1942. 143. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 144. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. —145–147. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934.145. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910.146. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 147. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 148–149. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 148. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 149. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542089/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">140–143</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FB3FFEB7FADFFEE1" box="[1203,1306,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">153–154</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA18049FF31FEF5FDDAFB7D" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FEF5FC6BFE0D" blockId="18.[189,1399,366,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="359711CBFFA18049FF31FEF5FC6BFE0D" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<treatmentCitation id="942610F4FFA18049FF31FEF5FDA4FE2E" author="Enderlein G." box="[189,609,366,392]" page="190" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" year="1934">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FEF5FDA4FE2E" authority="Enderlein, 1934 b: 190" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,609,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FEF5FE8EFE2E" box="[189,331,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FED9FEF5FDA4FE2E" author="Enderlein G." box="[341,609,366,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="190 - 195" refId="ref18623" refString="Enderlein G. 1934 b. Aussereuropaische Simuliiden aus dem Wiener Museum. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde 1934: 190 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Enderlein, 1934b: 190</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as genus).
<typeStatus id="CA3C8847FFA18049FD74FEF5FCF7FE2E" box="[760,818,366,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FC29FEF5FAB2FE2E" ID-CoL="88YZD" authority="Enderlein, 1934" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[933,1399,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC29FEF5FB68FE21" box="[933,1197,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Hemicnetha mexicana</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1934
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FE80FE0AFD41FE0D" ID-CoL="8DXP4" authority="(Vargas, 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Vargas" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[268,644,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FE80FE0AFE15FE0D" box="[268,464,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium paynei</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FE6CFE0AFDF1FE0D" box="[480,564,401,427]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, 1942)
</taxonomicName>
(subst. name) nom. nov.]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FE2FFAA6FE54" blockId="18.[189,1399,366,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FE2FFEE1FE68" box="[189,292,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Dyarella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FEA2FE2EFC6CFE69" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[302,937,436,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEA2FE2EFE45FE69" box="[302,384,437,463]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, Martínez Palacios &amp; Díaz Nájera, 1946: 105
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 8–28 (as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FB7BFE2FFAA3FE68" ID-CoL="8VTZ4" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1271,1382,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB7BFE2FFAA3FE68" box="[1271,1382,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<typeStatus id="CA3C8847FFA18049FF66FE43FEE1FE54" box="[234,292,472,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FE1CFE4CFCF1FE57" ID-CoL="895CD" authority="Bellardi 1982" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1982" box="[400,820,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FE1CFE4CFD49FE57" box="[400,652,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium mexicanum</emphasis>
Bellardi 1982
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FCD1FE4CFA92FE54" ID-CoL="8DXPD" authority="Macquart, 1846" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[861,1367,471,498]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FCD1FE4CFBFEFE57" box="[861,1083,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium tarsatum</emphasis>
Macquart, 1846 (1844)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FD83FEDDFD94" blockId="18.[189,280,536,562]" box="[189,280,536,562]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="4E708189FFA18049FF31FD83FEDDFD94" bold="true" box="[189,280,536,562]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" reason="3">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FD83FEDDFD94" bold="true" box="[189,280,536,562]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FDDCFD00FDC7" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,709,583,610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FDDCFD00FDC7" ID-CoL="8DXMQ" authority="Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1932" box="[189,709,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycladum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FDDCFE1EFDC7" box="[189,475,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Simulium brachycladum</emphasis>
Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FDF0FCB5FD22" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,880,618,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FDF0FEF9FD22" ID-CoL="8DXNP" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[189,316,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FDF0FEF9FD22" box="[189,316,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. bricenoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FECFFDF0FCB5FD22" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[323,880,618,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FECFFDF0FE50FD23" box="[323,405,619,645]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, Martínez Palacios &amp; Díaz Nájera, 1946
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FD15FD79FD0E" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,700,653,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FD15FD79FD0E" ID-CoL="8DXNQ" authority="Coscaron &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[189,700,653,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristalinum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FD15FEA5FD01" box="[189,352,653,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. cristalinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FEEBFD15FD79FD0E" author="Coscaron S. &amp; Py-Daniel V." box="[359,700,653,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="313 - 321" refId="ref17626" refString="Coscaron S. &amp; Py-Daniel V. 1989. Tres especies nuevas de Simulium Latreille de la region Neotropical: Simulium (Hemicnetha) cristalinum sp. n., (Grenieriella) wygodzinskyorum sp. n. y sumapazense sp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Revista de Saude Publica de Sao Paulo 23: 313 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0034 - 89101989000400007" type="journal article" year="1989">Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FD2AFC96FD6D" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,851,689,715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FD2AFEDBFD6D" ID-CoL="8DXNS" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[189,286,689,715]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="earlei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FD2AFEDBFD6D" box="[189,286,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. earlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FEAAFD2AFC96FD6D" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[294,851,689,715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEAAFD2AFEBDFD6D" box="[294,376,689,715]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, Martínez Palacios &amp; Díaz Nájera, 1946
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FD4FFD51FD48" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,660,724,751]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FD4FFE84FD48" ID-CoL="8DXNV" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1949" box="[189,321,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FD4FFE84FD48" box="[189,321,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. freemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEC4FD4EFE52FD49" box="[328,407,725,751]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
&amp; Díaz Nájera, 1949
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FD63FD7DFCB4" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,696,759,786]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FD63FEA3FCB7" ID-CoL="8DXNX" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,358,760,786]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerrerense">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FD63FEA3FCB7" box="[189,358,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. guerrerense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEE1FD63FE79FCB4" box="[365,444,760,786]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
&amp; Díaz Nájera, 1956
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FC80FCBCFC92" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,889,794,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FC80FCBCFC92" ID-CoL="8DXNY" authority="Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramirez-Perez, 1988" authorityName="Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1988" box="[189,889,794,821]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hieroglyphicum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FC80FE54FC92" box="[189,401,794,821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. hieroglyphicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FE15FC80FCBCFC92" author="Peterson B. V. &amp; Vargas M. &amp; Ramirez-Perez J." box="[409,889,794,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="76 - 86" refId="ref20360" refString="Peterson B. V., Vargas M. &amp; Ramirez-Perez J. 1988. Simulium (Hemicnetha) hieroglyphicum (Diptera: Simuliidae), a new black fly species from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90: 76 - 86. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 54362 [accessed 19 Aug. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1988">Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramírez-Pérez, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FCA5FCABFCF1" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,878,829,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FCA5FEFFFCF1" ID-CoL="8DXNZ" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[189,314,829,856]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hinmani">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FCA5FEFFFCF1" box="[189,314,829,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. hinmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FECDFCA5FCABFCF1" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[321,878,829,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FECDFCA5FE56FCFE" box="[321,403,830,856]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, Martínez Palacios &amp; Díaz Nájera, 1946
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FCFAFDDEFCDD" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,539,865,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FCFAFDDEFCDD" ID-CoL="8DZSC" authority="Malloch, 1914" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1914" box="[189,539,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippovorum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FCFAFEADFCDD" box="[189,360,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. hippovorum</emphasis>
Malloch, 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FC1FFC69FC38" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,940,900,927]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FC1FFC69FC38" ID-CoL="6YRMN" authority="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley, 2004" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[189,940,900,927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FC1FFEE8FC38" box="[189,301,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. lobatoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FEB9FC1EFC69FC38" author="Luna Dias A. P. A. &amp; Hernandez L. M. &amp; Maia-Herzog M. &amp; Shelley A. J." box="[309,940,900,927]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref19788" refString="Luna Dias A. P. A., Hernandez L. M., Maia-Herzog M. &amp; Shelley A. J. 2004. Simulium lobatoi, new species of blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the states of Mato Grosso and Goias, central Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 99: 37 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762004000100007" type="journal article" year="2004">Luna Dias, Hernández, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FC33FE0DFC67" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,456,935,962]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FC33FE0DFC67" ID-CoL="8DXP4" authority="Vargas, 1942" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,456,935,962]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FC33FEEDFC67" box="[189,296,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. paynei</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEA3FC33FE44FC64" box="[303,385,936,962]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, 1942
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FC50FDD1FC43" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,532,970,997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FC50FDD1FC43" ID-CoL="8DXP5" authority="Knab, 1915" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,532,970,997]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FC50FE46FC42" box="[189,387,970,997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. pulverulentum</emphasis>
Knab, 1915
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FC75FE2FFBAE" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,490,1005,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FC75FE2FFBAE" ID-CoL="8DXP7" authority="Lutz, 1909" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,490,1005,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FC75FEA6FBA1" box="[189,355,1005,1032]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
Lutz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FB8AFE00FB8D" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,453,1041,1067]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FB8AFE00FB8D" ID-CoL="8DXP9" authority="Vargas, 1946" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1946" box="[189,453,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smarti">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FB8AFEE0FB8D" box="[189,293,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. smarti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA18049FEA0FB8AFE00FB8D" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[300,453,1041,1067]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
<collectingRegion id="D743F807FFA18049FEA0FB8AFEBBFB8D" box="[300,382,1041,1067]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Vargas</collectingRegion>
, 1946
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FBAFFE7EFBE8" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,443,1076,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FBAFFE7EFBE8" ID-CoL="8DXPB" authority="Stone, 1948" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1948" box="[189,443,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solarii">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FBAFFEE2FBE8" box="[189,295,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. solarii</emphasis>
Stone, 1948
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FBC3FE2DFBD7" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,488,1111,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FBC3FE2DFBD7" ID-CoL="8DXPC" authority="Williston, 1896" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1896" box="[189,488,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsale">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FBC3FEEEFBD7" box="[189,299,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. tarsale</emphasis>
Williston, 1896
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FBE0FDC1FB32" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,516,1146,1173]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FBE0FDC1FB32" ID-CoL="8DXPD" authority="Macquart, 1846" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[189,516,1146,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FBE0FE87FB32" box="[189,322,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
Macquart, 1846
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FB05FDCFFB1E" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,522,1181,1208]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FB05FDCFFB1E" ID-CoL="8DXPH" authority="Coquillett, 1902" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,522,1181,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FB05FE86FB11" box="[189,323,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. virgatum</emphasis>
Coquillett, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FB5AFDDAFB7D" blockId="18.[189,940,583,1243]" box="[189,543,1217,1243]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FB5AFDDEFB7D" ID-CoL="8DXPK" authority="Dalmat, 1949" authorityName="Dalmat" authorityYear="1949" box="[189,539,1217,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yepocapense">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FB5AFEB5FB7D" box="[189,368,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. yepocapense</emphasis>
Dalmat, 1949
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA1804FFF31FA99FDFEFBED" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FA99FEF3FABA" blockId="18.[189,310,1282,1308]" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="4E708189FFA18049FF31FA99FEF3FABA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" reason="3">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FA99FEF3FABA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1282,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF66FAAAFE80FAED" blockId="18.[189,1399,1329,1637]" box="[234,325,1329,1355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF66FAAAFE80FAED" bold="true" box="[234,325,1329,1355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31FACFFB7BF9C3" blockId="18.[189,1399,1329,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
Scutum black to dark brown (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FDC9FACFFCCCFAC8" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1915" box="[581,777,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FDC9FACFFD91FAC8" box="[581,596,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FDECFACFFCCCFAC8" box="[608,777,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FC9AFACFFCB0FAC8" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[790,885,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="earlei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC9AFACFFCE0FAC8" box="[790,805,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FCBDFACFFCB0FAC8" box="[817,885,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">earlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FC0EFACFFB91FAC8" authorityName="Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1988" box="[898,1108,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hieroglyphicum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC0EFACFFC54FAC8" box="[898,913,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC11FACFFB91FAC8" box="[925,1108,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">hieroglyphicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FBECFACFFB18FAC8" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[1120,1245,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FBECFACFFBAAFAC8" box="[1120,1135,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FBF7FACFFB18FAC8" box="[1147,1245,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">bricenoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FB65FACFFAA9FAC8" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[1257,1388,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB65FACFFB3DFAC8" box="[1257,1272,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FA88FACEFAA9FAC8" box="[1284,1388,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or red to light brown (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FD96FAE3FD20FA37" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1932" box="[538,741,1399,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycladum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FD96FAE3FDECFA34" box="[538,553,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FDB1FAECFD20FA37" box="[573,741,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">brachycladum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FD74FAE3FC64FA37" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[760,929,1399,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristalinum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FD74FAE3FCC2FA34" box="[760,775,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC97FAECFC64FA37" box="[795,929,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">cristalinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FC39FAE3FBEFFA37" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[949,1066,1399,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC39FAE3FC01FA34" box="[949,964,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC5BFAECFBEFFA37" box="[983,1066,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FBB3FAE3FB6AFA37" box="[1087,1199,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FBB3FAE3FB8BFA34" box="[1087,1102,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FBEDFAE3FB6AFA37" box="[1121,1199,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">paynei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FB48FAE3FAAAFA37" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[1220,1391,1399,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB48FAE3FB16FA34" box="[1220,1235,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB6AFAECFAAAFA37" box="[1254,1391,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">rubrithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31FA00FE8DFA12" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,328,1435,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31FA00FF09FA13" box="[189,204,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF53FA00FE8DFA12" box="[223,328,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">virgatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); scutal pattern present. Cibarium unpigmented anteromedially, armed with sharp teeth (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FF49FA26FEB5FA7E" box="[197,368,1469,1496]" captionStart="Figs 3–15" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,278,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,273,1669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542075/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Figs 9–10, 12</figureCitation>
) or unarmed (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FDA8FA26FDBBFA7E" box="[548,638,1469,1496]" captionStart="Figs 3–15" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,278,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,273,1669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542075/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Tarsal claw with subbasal tooth shorter than a third of claw length (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FE02FA7AFDC5FA5D" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[398,512,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FE02FA7AFE58FA5D" box="[398,413,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FE21FA7AFDC5FA5D" box="[429,512,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the tooth has about half of claw length). Hypoginial valves fine and pointed (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FED7F99FFE77F9B8" box="[347,434,1540,1566]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) or subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FD1FF99FFD28F9B8" box="[659,749,1540,1566]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), longer than sternite VIII width (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FB73F99FFAAAF9B8" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[1279,1391,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB73F99FFAAAF9B8" box="[1279,1391,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S. lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which are shorter), forwardly directed. Anal lobe subrectangular (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FBE0F9B3FB1AF9E7" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[1132,1247,1575,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FBE0F9B3FBBEF9E4" box="[1132,1147,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FB00F9BCFB1AF9E7" box="[1164,1247,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which is hemispheric with curved distal border), twice as long as cercus width at base. (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FBD5F9D1FB75F9C3" box="[1113,1200,1610,1637]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF66F917FEEFF900" blockId="18.[187,1400,1676,1983]" box="[234,298,1676,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF66F917FEEFF900" bold="true" box="[234,298,1676,1702]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA18049FF31F934FEC9F819" blockId="18.[187,1400,1676,1983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">
Ventral plate two times longer than wide or with sub-equal width and length, not notched (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31F948FED1F94A" box="[189,276,1746,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arlei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31F948FF09F94B" box="[189,204,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF51F949FED1F94A" box="[221,276,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">arlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); lateral shoulders absent (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FDD7F949FD76F94A" box="[603,691,1746,1772]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
) or present (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FCC3F949FC6DF94A" box="[847,936,1746,1772]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
), in this case, not projected (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FF31F96DFEF7F8A9" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[189,306,1781,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF31F96DFF09F8B6" box="[189,204,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FF53F96EFEF7F8A9" box="[223,306,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); posteromedian process absent (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FD47F96EFCE0F8A9" box="[715,805,1781,1807]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
) or present (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FC4AF96EFBE4F8A9" box="[966,1057,1781,1807]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
), in this case, is cylindrical and longer than ventral plate width (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA18049FD68F882FC91F894" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[740,852,1816,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FD68F882FD37F895" box="[740,754,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA18049FC8DF883FC91F894" box="[769,852,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which is smaller). Gonocoxite longer than wide, with base almost equal in width to gonostylus width at their point of intersection (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FB6CF8A7FAA9F8F1" box="[1248,1388,1852,1879]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Figs 60–62</figureCitation>
). Gonostylus cylindrical, with medial region wider than basal region; distinctly longer than gonocoxite, with blunt apex and apical spicule (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA18049FDDEF819FD1FF83B" box="[594,730,1922,1949]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="98">Figs 60–62</figureCitation>
). Parameres with both distinctly large and small accessory spines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="41F8666DFFA08048FF31F915FA83F840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" startId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" targetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA08048FF31F915FA83F840" blockId="19.[188,1399,1678,2022]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF31F915FE8EF90E" bold="true" box="[189,331,1678,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Figs 71–90.</emphasis>
Pupae.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE20F915FE31F90E" bold="true" box="[428,500,1678,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">71–75</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FD88F915FC06F90F" authority="Enderlein, 1930" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[516,963,1678,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anasolen">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD88F915FDB6F90E" box="[516,627,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD09F915FD37F90E" box="[645,754,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Anasolen</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FC88F915FC06F90F" author="Enderlein G." box="[772,963,1678,1705]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref18559" refString="Enderlein G. 1930. Der heutige Stand der Klassifikation der Simuliiden. Archiv fur Klassifikatorische und phylogenetische entomologie 1: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1930">Enderlein, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC5CF915FC28F90E" bold="true" box="[976,1005,1678,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">71</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FC70F915FF39F96B" authority="Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959" authorityName="Grenier &amp; Grjebine" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambositrae">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC70F915FB45F90E" box="[1020,1152,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">ambositrae</emphasis>
Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE80F929FEECF96A" bold="true" box="[268,297,1714,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">72</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FEB1F929FD48F96B" authority="Roubaud, 1915" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[317,653,1714,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FEB1F929FE01F96A" box="[317,452,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">dentulosum</emphasis>
Roubaud, 1915
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD12F929FD7EF96A" bold="true" box="[670,699,1714,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">73</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FD5CF928FBC4F96B" authority="Roubaud, 1905" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[720,1025,1714,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD5CF928FCFDF96A" box="[720,824,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">imerinae</emphasis>
Roubaud, 1905
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB9DF929FBEBF96A" bold="true" box="[1041,1070,1714,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">74</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FBCFF929FAB7F96B" authority="De-Meillon, 1951" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1951" box="[1091,1394,1714,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iphias">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBCFF929FB4EF96A" box="[1091,1163,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">iphias</emphasis>
De-Meillon, 1951
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF31F94EFF1FF949" bold="true" box="[189,218,1749,1775]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">75</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FF66F94EFE01F949" authority="Gibbins, 1934" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1934" box="[234,452,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nili">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF66F94EFED4F949" box="[234,273,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">nili</emphasis>
Gibbins, 1934
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE7BF94EFDFAF949" bold="true" box="[503,575,1749,1775]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">76–77</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FDC3F94EFD9BF949" box="[591,606,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FDFBF94EFCE4F949" box="[631,801,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Freemanellum</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FCBFF94EFC29F949" author="Crosskey R. W." box="[819,1004,1749,1775]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref17980" refString="Crosskey R. W. 1969. A re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of Africa and its islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. Supplement 14: 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78201" type="journal article" year="1969">Crosskey, 1969</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC75F94EFBD0F949" bold="true" box="[1017,1045,1749,1775]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">76</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FBA9F94EFAB7F949" authority="De-Meillon, 1934" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1934" box="[1061,1394,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debegene">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBA9F94EFB51F949" box="[1061,1172,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">debegene</emphasis>
De-Meillon, 1934
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF32F963FF1FF8B4" bold="true" box="[190,218,1784,1810]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">77</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FF65F962FDA8F8B4" authority="Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976" authorityName="Elsen &amp; Escaffre" authorityYear="1976" box="[233,621,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manense">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF65F962FE95F8B4" box="[233,336,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">manense</emphasis>
Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD12F963FD22F8B4" bold="true" box="[670,743,1784,1810]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">78–79</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD7AF963FCC9F8B4" box="[758,780,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC91F963FCB8F8B4" box="[797,893,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Hearlea</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FC02F962FBA3F8B4" author="Vargas L. A. &amp; Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A." box="[910,1126,1784,1811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios &amp; Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
Vargas
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC69F962FBE5F8B4" box="[997,1056,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
1946
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBFEF963FB4AF8B4" bold="true" box="[1138,1167,1784,1810]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">78</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FB12F963FF3EF893" authority="Hearle, 1932" authorityName="Hearle" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadense">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB12F963FADFF8B4" box="[1182,1306,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">canadense</emphasis>
Hearle, 1932
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE84F880FEE0F893" bold="true" box="[264,293,1819,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">79</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FEBAF887FDB3F890" authority="De Leon, 1945" authorityName="De Leon" authorityYear="1945" box="[310,630,1819,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capricorne">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FEBAF887FE72F893" box="[310,439,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">capricorne</emphasis>
De León, 1945
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD20F880FD31F893" bold="true" box="[684,756,1819,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">80–81</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC88F887FCD6F890" box="[772,787,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FCA1F880FC7EF893" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[813,955,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FCA1F880FC7EF893" box="[813,955,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) Enderlein, 1934.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB11F880FB7DF893" bold="true" box="[1181,1208,1819,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">80</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FB45F887FF39F8FF" authority="Vargas, 1942" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB45F887FAD2F893" box="[1225,1303,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">paynei</emphasis>
Vargas, 1942
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE8BF8A5FEE1F8FE" bold="true" box="[263,292,1854,1880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">81</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FEBFF8A5FD82F8FF" authority="Lutz, 1909" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[307,583,1854,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FEBFF8A5FE79F8FE" box="[307,444,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">rubrithorax</emphasis>
Lutz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FDF4F8A5FD07F8FE" bold="true" box="[632,706,1854,1880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">82–83</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD5CF8A4FD1AF8FF" box="[720,735,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD7DF8A5FC51F8FE" box="[753,916,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Shewellomyia</emphasis>
) Peterson, 1975.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBE8F8A5FB44F8FE" bold="true" box="[1124,1153,1854,1880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">82</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FB1CF8A5FF3FF8DA" authority="Adler, 1990" authorityName="Adler" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricentrum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB1CF8A5FAEDF8FE" box="[1168,1320,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">claricentrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FAA1F8A5FF3FF8DA" author="Adler P. H." pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="431 - 443" refId="ref17290" refString="Adler P. H. 1990. Two new species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 92: 431 - 443. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 63957 [accessed 19 Aug. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1990">Adler, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE8BF8F9FEE1F8DA" bold="true" box="[263,292,1890,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">83</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FEBFF8F8FDF5F8DA" authority="Hagen, 1880" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1880" box="[307,560,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FEBFF8F8FE4BF8DA" box="[307,398,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">pictipes</emphasis>
Hagen, 1880
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FDEDF8F9FD6FF8DA" bold="true" box="[609,682,1890,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">84–85</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD35F8F9FD0DF8DA" box="[697,712,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD6CF8F9FCA4F8DA" box="[736,865,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Obuchovia</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FCFEF8F9FBDAF8DA" author="Rubtsov I. A." box="[882,1055,1890,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref20689" refString="Rubtsov I. A. 1947. The composition, relationships, geographical distribution and probable origin of Turkestanian fauna of black-flies. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR (Seria Biologicheskaya) 1: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1947">Rubtsov, 1947</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBA7F8F9FB8DF8DA" bold="true" box="[1067,1096,1890,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">84</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FBDBF8F9FAB7F8DA" authority="Rubtsov, 1947" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1947" box="[1111,1394,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albellum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBDBF8F9FB7BF8DA" box="[1111,1214,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">albellum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FB4AF8F9FAB7F8DA" author="Rubtsov I. A." box="[1222,1394,1890,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="87 - 117" refId="ref20689" refString="Rubtsov I. A. 1947. The composition, relationships, geographical distribution and probable origin of Turkestanian fauna of black-flies. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR (Seria Biologicheskaya) 1: 87 - 117." type="journal article" year="1947">Rubtsov, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF31F81EFF1FF839" bold="true" box="[189,218,1925,1951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">85</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FF67F81EFDBFF839" authority="Giudicelli, 1963" authorityName="Giudicelli" authorityYear="1963" box="[235,634,1925,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galloprovinciale">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FF67F81EFE69F839" box="[235,428,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">galloprovinciale</emphasis>
Giudicelli, 1963
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD3DF81EFD3DF839" bold="true" box="[689,760,1925,1951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">86–88</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC85F81EFCDDF839" box="[777,792,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FCBEF81EFC12F839" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[818,983,1925,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FCBEF81EFC12F839" box="[818,983,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Trichodagmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) Enderlein, 1934.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB37F81EFB13F839" bold="true" box="[1211,1238,1925,1951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">86</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FB6BF81DFE44F864" authority="Macquart, 1838" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimanum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB6BF81DFAB3F839" box="[1255,1398,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">nigrimanum</emphasis>
Macquart, 1838
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE18F833FE74F864" bold="true" box="[404,433,1960,1986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">87</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FE4BF833FD79F864" authority="Lutz, 1910" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[455,700,1960,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitale">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE4BF833FDE1F864" box="[455,548,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">orbitale</emphasis>
Lutz, 1910
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD43F833FD29F864" bold="true" box="[719,748,1960,1986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">88</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FC8EF832FBF6F864" authority="Lutz, 1909" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[770,1075,1960,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC8EF832FC5EF864" box="[770,923,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">scutistriatum</emphasis>
Lutz, 1909
</taxonomicName>
. —
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FBFEF833FB7EF864" bold="true" box="[1138,1211,1960,1986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">89–90</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB5DF833FB25F864" box="[1233,1248,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FB73F833FAA9F864" box="[1279,1388,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">Disculter</emphasis>
) subgen. nov.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FED4F850FEB0F843" bold="true" box="[344,373,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">89</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FE08F857FD0CF843" authority="Ramirez-Perez, 1971" authorityName="Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1971" box="[388,713,1995,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivasi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FE08F857FE02F843" box="[388,455,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">rivasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FE42F850FD0CF843" author="Ramirez-Perez J." box="[462,713,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="271 - 371" refId="ref20594" refString="Ramirez-Perez J. 1971. Distribucion geografica y revision taxonomica de los simulidos (Diptera: Nematocera) de Venezuela con descripcion de diez especies nuevas. Acta Biologica Venezolana 7: 271 - 371." type="journal article" year="1971">Ramírez-Pérez, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FD58F850FD34F843" bold="true" box="[724,753,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">90</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA08048FC8CF850FB9CF843" authority="Ramirez-Perez, 1971" authorityName="Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1971" box="[768,1113,1995,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviedoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA08048FC8CF850FC93F843" box="[768,854,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="99">oviedoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA08048FCD2F850FB9CF843" author="Ramirez-Perez J." box="[862,1113,1995,2021]" pageId="19" pageNumber="99" pagination="271 - 371" refId="ref20594" refString="Ramirez-Perez J. 1971. Distribucion geografica y revision taxonomica de los simulidos (Diptera: Nematocera) de Venezuela con descripcion de diez especies nuevas. Acta Biologica Venezolana 7: 271 - 371." type="journal article" year="1971">Ramírez-Pérez, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF66FE92FEEEFE85" blockId="20.[188,1399,265,538]" box="[234,299,265,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF66FE92FEEEFE85" bold="true" box="[234,299,265,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Pupa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31FEB7FB06FDBF" blockId="20.[188,1399,265,538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
Cocoon aperture upward directed (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFDCBFEB7FD09FEE0" box="[583,716,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 80–81</figureCitation>
),separated from substratum, corbicular (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFB11FEB7FB2BFEE0" box="[1181,1262,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig.81</figureCitation>
) or not. Gill shorter than pupa body, with trunk developed and base enclosed by cocoon anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFB65FED4FAABFECF" box="[1257,1390,335,361]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 80–81</figureCitation>
) (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFEBBFEE8FE62FE2A" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[311,423,370,397]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEBBFEE8FE83FE2B" box="[311,326,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFED8FEE9FE62FE2A" box="[340,423,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the gills are totally free); with 6–90 filaments arranged in different planes (tridimensional); filaments flexible, cylindrical, with apices blunt (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB86FE0DFB1AFE16" authorityName="Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1988" box="[1034,1247,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hieroglyphicum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB86FE0DFBDCFE16" box="[1034,1049,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFBA4FE0DFB1AFE16" box="[1064,1247,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">hieroglyphicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB63FE0DFAAAFE16" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[1263,1391,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB63FE0DFAAAFE16" box="[1263,1391,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. bricenoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF31FE22FEE9FE75" box="[189,300,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31FE22FEE9FE75" box="[189,300,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. paynei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFEB3FE22FE2FFE75" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[319,490,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEB3FE22FE2FFE75" box="[319,490,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFE70FE22FD42FE75" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[508,647,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE70FE22FD42FE75" box="[508,647,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. virgatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFD15FE22FCE6FE75" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[665,803,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFD15FE22FCE6FE75" box="[665,803,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or acute (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFC60FE22FB73FE75" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1932" box="[1004,1206,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycladum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC60FE22FB73FE75" box="[1004,1206,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. brachycladum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB44FE22FAAAFE75" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[1224,1391,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristalinum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB44FE22FAAAFE75" box="[1224,1391,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. cristalinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF31FE46FEF5FE50" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[189,304,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31FE46FEF5FE50" box="[189,304,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFECEFE46FDCEFE50" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1915" box="[322,523,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFECEFE46FE94FE51" box="[322,337,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEEEFE47FDCEFE50" box="[354,523,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFD91FE46FD47FE50" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[541,642,476,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="earlei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFD91FE46FD47FE50" box="[541,642,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. earlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), concolorous with rest of gill; inferior branch multi-branched (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFF49FE64FE9FFDBF" box="[197,346,511,537]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 99–100</figureCitation>
) or single-branched (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFDD8FE64FD3EFDBF" box="[596,763,511,537]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 100–101</figureCitation>
). Thoracic trichomes generally simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF66FDDEFE0AFDF8" blockId="20.[188,1399,580,1099]" box="[234,463,580,607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF66FDDEFE0AFDF8" bold="true" box="[234,463,580,607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Larva (last instar)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31FDF3FDFEFBED" blockId="20.[188,1399,580,1099]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
Cephalic apotome spots insertion area pigmented (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFCAEFDF3FC0CFD24" box="[802,969,616,642]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey &amp; Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 122–123</figureCitation>
) (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFBD2FDF3FB17FD24" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[1118,1234,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFBD2FDF3FB17FD24" box="[1118,1234,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Postocciput extended (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFEBBFD10FE59FD03" box="[311,412,651,677]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey &amp; Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 122</figureCitation>
) over the cervical sclerites, or not (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFCB3FD10FC63FD03" box="[831,934,651,677]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey &amp; Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
). Antenna ranging from equal in length to or shorter than labral fan stalk (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFD17FD34FD3AFD6E" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[667,767,686,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="earlei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFD17FD34FD3AFD6E" box="[667,767,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. earlei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFC9DFD34FC57FD6E" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[785,914,686,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC9DFD34FC57FD6E" box="[785,914,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. bricenoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFC28FD34FBD4FD6E" box="[932,1041,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC28FD34FBD4FD6E" box="[932,1041,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. paynei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFBAFFD34FB09FD6E" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[1059,1228,686,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFBAFFD34FB09FD6E" box="[1059,1228,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. rubrithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB51FD34FAA0FD6E" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1846" box="[1245,1381,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB51FD34FB29FD6F" box="[1245,1260,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB71FD34FAA0FD6E" box="[1277,1381,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">tarsatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), to longer (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFE0EFD49FD88FD4D" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1932" box="[386,589,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycladum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE0EFD49FE54FD4A" box="[386,401,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE29FD4AFD88FD4D" box="[421,589,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">brachycladum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFDEDFD49FCCEFD4D" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[609,779,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristalinum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFDEDFD49FCCEFD4D" box="[609,779,721,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. cristalinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFC93FD49FC50FD4D" authorityName="Luna Dias, Hernandez, Maia-Herzog &amp; Shelley" authorityYear="2004" box="[799,917,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC93FD49FC50FD4D" box="[799,917,721,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. lobatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFC26FD49FBB3FD4D" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1915" box="[938,1142,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC26FD49FBB3FD4D" box="[938,1142,721,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB07FD49FAA0FD4D" authorityName="Peterson, Vargas &amp; Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1988" box="[1163,1381,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hieroglyphicum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB07FD49FAA0FD4D" box="[1163,1381,721,748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. hieroglyphicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), without secondary annulations. Mandibles with preapical teeth as long as apical tooth; two mandibular serrations of different sizes. Postgenal cleft triangular; postgenal bridge length less than hypostomal length (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFE99FCA0FE79FCF3" box="[277,444,827,853]" captionStart="Figs 128–149" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,487,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-76@26.[189,1398,483,1603]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 128–149. Larva (last instar). Postgenal cleft. 128–131. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 128. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 129. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 130. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 131. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 132–135. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 132. berghei Fain, 1949. 133. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 134. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 135. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 136–139. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al., 1946. 136. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 137. canadense Hearle, 1932. 138. capricorne De León, 1945. 139. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 140–143. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 140. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 141. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 142. paynei Vargas, 1942. 143. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 144. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. —145–147. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934.145. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910.146. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 147. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 148–149. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 148. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 149. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542089/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 140–143</figureCitation>
). Hypostoma anterior margin convex (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFCF7FCA0FC1BFCF0" box="[891,990,827,854]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
) or straight (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFBFFFCA0FB1CFCF0" box="[1139,1241,827,854]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
); hypostomal teeth extended beyond anterior margin of ventral wall of hypostoma; median tooth distinctly longer than lateral ones (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFEDBFC1AFE78FC3A" box="[343,445,897,924]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
) or at same level (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFD2FFC1AFCC9FC3A" box="[675,780,897,924]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
); lateral serrations well-developed, blunt (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF33FC3EFE47FC18" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1915" box="[191,386,932,959]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF33FC3EFF0EFC19" box="[191,203,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF55FC3FFE47FC18" box="[217,386,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which are sharp); hypostomal paralateral teeth present (except in
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB2CFC3EFAA1FC18" authorityName="Lutz &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1932" box="[1184,1380,932,959]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachycladum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB2CFC3EFAA1FC18" box="[1184,1380,932,959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S. brachycladum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Body surface glabrous. Abdomen gradually expanding posteroventrally to last segments, then abruptly contracting to posterior proleg (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFDBEFC70FD52FBA3" box="[562,663,1003,1029]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier &amp; Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey &amp; Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
). Anal sclerite no encircling base of posterior proleg. Posterior portion of abdomen without sclerotized accessory plates. Without 1+1 ventral papillae. Rectal papillae with three multi-branched lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA7804FFF31FBECFD1FF9C6" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31FBECFEEAFB37" blockId="20.[189,303,1143,1169]" box="[189,303,1143,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="4E708189FFA7804FFF31FBECFEEAFB37" bold="true" box="[189,303,1143,1169]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" reason="3">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31FBECFEEAFB37" bold="true" box="[189,303,1143,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31FB3EFEDEFA8F" blockId="20.[189,1399,1189,1321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF31FB3EFE24FB66" authority="" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,481,1189,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31FB3EFEEBFB19" box="[189,302,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFECAFB3EFE13FB19" box="[326,470,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
was recovered as monophyletic based on four synapomorphies (
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFAAEFB3EFAAAFB19" box="[1314,1391,1189,1215]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1810,1836]" captionTargetBox="[246,1347,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[218,1369,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (&gt; 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification.Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542071/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="5805035EFFA7804FFF31FB53FEDCFB44" box="[189,281,1224,1250]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Synapomorphies of the three trees obtained with implied weights from k3 to k100 (Fig. 1) used to construct the final hypothesis. Bold are non-homoplastic apomorphies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" tableUuid="41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0">Table 2</tableCitation>
, node 21), one of them unique: male gonostylus with medial region larger than basal region (20 (0),
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA7804FFEABFB70FE73FAA0" box="[295,438,1259,1286]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen &amp; Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz &amp; Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón &amp; Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta &amp; Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson &amp; Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Figs 60–62</figureCitation>
). We therefore propose the revalidation of the subgenus, which comprises 19 species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31FACBFD1FF9C6" blockId="20.[189,1399,1360,1633]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA7804FFF31FACBFDBBFACC" author="Coscaron S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias C. L." box="[189,638,1360,1389]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" refId="ref17602" refString="Coscaron S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias C. L. 2007. Neotropical Simuliidae (Diptera: Insecta). Pensoft, Sofia- Moscow." type="book" year="2007">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón-Árias (2007)</bibRefCitation>
divided
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFD76FACAFCCCFACD" box="[762,777,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFCA0FACBFC7FFACC" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[812,954,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFCA0FACBFC7FFACC" box="[812,954,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) into four species-groups:
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFA93FACBFD24FA28" authority=", Brachycladum, Mexicanum, and Oviedoi. We" authorityName="Brachycladum, Mexicanum, and Oviedoi. We" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">Paynei, Brachycladum, Mexicanum, and Oviedoi. We</taxonomicName>
included the following representatives in our analysis: Paynei (five species), Brachycladum (four species), Mexicanum (two species), and Oviedoi (two species).
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFEB8FA21FBB3FA72" authority="sensu Coscaron &amp; Coscaron-Arias (2007)" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Coscaron-Arias" authorityYear="2007" box="[308,1142,1466,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEB8FA21FE66FA72" box="[308,419,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE31FA21FD8EFA72" box="[445,587,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
) sensu
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA7804FFD3BFA21FBB3FA72" author="Coscaron S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias C. L." box="[695,1142,1466,1494]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" refId="ref17602" refString="Coscaron S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias C. L. 2007. Neotropical Simuliidae (Diptera: Insecta). Pensoft, Sofia- Moscow." type="book" year="2007">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón-Árias (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was not recovered, because Oviedoi does not group with the remaining species-groups. Moreover, except for Oviedoi, none of the previously defined species-groups in this subgenus were recovered. We therefore revalidate
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31F9BFFF16F998" box="[189,211,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF6BF9B8FEB0F99B" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[231,373,1571,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF6BF9B8FEB0F99B" box="[231,373,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but without Oviedoi and without a subdivision into species-groups pending a more comprehensive investigation on the subgenus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA7804FFF31F913FD09F827" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31F913FE93F904" blockId="20.[189,342,1672,1698]" box="[189,342,1672,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="4E708189FFA7804FFF31F913FE93F904" bold="true" box="[189,342,1672,1698]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" reason="3">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31F913FE93F904" bold="true" box="[189,342,1672,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA7804FFF31F92DFD09F827" blockId="20.[188,1400,1718,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF31F92DFE10F977" authority="" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,469,1718,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hemicnetha">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31F92DFEE9F976" box="[189,300,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEB1F92DFE0EF976" box="[317,459,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
is mostly distributed in Mesoamerica and South America, being recorded from the following countries:
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFE6CF941FD9DF952" box="[480,600,1754,1780]" name="Argentina" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFDE9F941FD76F952" box="[613,691,1754,1780]" name="Belize" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFD4CF941FCDCF952" box="[704,793,1754,1780]" name="Bolivia" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFCAAF941FCB4F952" box="[806,881,1754,1780]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFCF2F941FC1CF952" box="[894,985,1754,1780]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFC6AF941FB98F952" box="[998,1117,1754,1780]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFBE6F941FB2AF952" box="[1130,1263,1754,1780]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFB70F941FAB6F952" box="[1276,1395,1754,1780]" name="Dominica" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Dominica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFF32F966FEE7F8B1" box="[190,290,1789,1815]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFEA1F966FE7DF8B1" box="[301,440,1789,1815]" name="El Salvador" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, French Guiana, Guadeloupe,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFC96F966FC59F8B1" box="[794,924,1789,1815]" name="Guatemala" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFC2BF966FBC0F8B1" box="[935,1029,1789,1815]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFB9CF966FB40F8B1" box="[1040,1157,1789,1815]" name="Honduras" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFB1CF966FB28F8B1" box="[1168,1261,1789,1815]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFB74F966FAB1F8B1" box="[1272,1396,1789,1815]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFF30F8BAFED9F89D" box="[188,284,1825,1851]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFEA2F8BAFE59F89D" box="[302,412,1825,1851]" name="Paraguay" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFE21F8BAFE23F89D" box="[429,486,1825,1851]" name="Peru" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFE7BF8BBFD5BF89C" box="[503,670,1824,1850]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Saint Vincent</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFD3CF8BBFCE6F89C" box="[688,803,1824,1850]" name="Suriname" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFCB8F8BBFBF1F89C" box="[820,1076,1824,1850]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFBFBF8BBFB31F89C" box="[1143,1268,1824,1850]" name="Venezuela" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFF31F8DFFEFEF8FB" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[189,315,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF31F8DFFF09F8F8" box="[189,204,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFF55F8D8FEFEF8FB" box="[217,315,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">bricenoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFEC5F8DFFE09F8FB" authorityName="Vargas &amp; Najera" authorityYear="1949" box="[329,460,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEC5F8DFFE9DF8F8" box="[329,344,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFEE9F8D8FE09F8FB" box="[357,460,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">freemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFE56F8DFFD80F8FB" box="[474,581,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE56F8DFFE2CF8F8" box="[474,489,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFE7BF8DFFD80F8FB" box="[503,581,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">paynei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFDDFF8DFFD79F8FB" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1948" box="[595,700,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solarii">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFDDFF8DFFDA7F8F8" box="[595,610,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFDE3F8D8FD79F8FB" box="[623,700,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">solarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFD76F8DFFC45F8FB" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1902" box="[762,896,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFD76F8DFFCCCF8F8" box="[762,777,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFC9BF8DFFC45F8FB" box="[791,896,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">virgatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present in the
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFBDFF8D8FB54F8FB" box="[1107,1169,1859,1885]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA7804FFB47F8DFFAB2F8FB" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1914" box="[1227,1399,1859,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippovorum">
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB47F8DFFB1FF8F8" box="[1227,1242,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA7804FFB65F8D8FAB2F8FB" box="[1257,1399,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">hippovorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFEA3F8FDFE42F826" box="[303,391,1894,1920]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFA7804FFE67F8FCFDE1F827" box="[491,548,1895,1921]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA7804FFDBFF8FDFD7AF827" author="Adler P. H." box="[563,703,1894,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="100" refId="ref17347" refString="Adler P. H. 2020. World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory. Clemson University, Clemson." type="book" year="2020">Adler 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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