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<mods:title id="DCD4736C7AFCF6007A8633C57104EB88">Talitridae *</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="6B0236E7B93EFF8D06D2FDF7FC04D81B" blockId="1.[151,517,530,556]" box="[151,517,530,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">
<heading id="304A818BB93EFF8D06D2FDF7FC04D81B" bold="true" box="[151,517,530,556]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D06D2FDF7FC04D81B" ID-CoL="7NSKR" authority="Bousfield, 1984" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,517,530,556]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D06D2FDF7FC04D81B" bold="true" box="[151,517,530,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D06D2FDF7FF3ED81B" bold="true" box="[151,319,530,556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0703FDF7FC04D81B" author="Bousfield, E. L." box="[326,517,530,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="171 - 210" refId="ref4660" refString="Bousfield, E. L. (1984) Recent advances in the systematics and biogeography of landhoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae) of the Indo-Pacific Region. Bishop Museum Special Publication, 72, 171 - 210." type="journal article" year="1984">Bousfield, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B0236E7B93EFF8D06D2FDBEFC1FD841" blockId="1.[151,1436,603,1210]" box="[151,542,603,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D06D2FDBEFF16D842" bold="true" box="[151,279,603,629]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0715FDB9FC1AD841" author="Bousfield, E. L." box="[336,539,604,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="171 - 210" refId="ref4660" refString="Bousfield, E. L. (1984) Recent advances in the systematics and biogeography of landhoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae) of the Indo-Pacific Region. Bishop Museum Special Publication, 72, 171 - 210." type="journal article" year="1984">Bousfield (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23A7656CB93EFF8D0683FD67FEFFDE8D" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6B0236E7B93EFF8D0683FD67FDACD969" blockId="1.[151,1436,603,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D0683FD67FF3ED8AB" bold="true" box="[198,319,642,668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Remarks.</emphasis>
With the transfer of
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D047AFD67FCBFD8AC" baseAuthorityName="Haswell" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[575,702,642,667]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limicola">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D047AFD67FCBFD8AC" box="[575,702,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">T. limicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D04ADFD67FD8AD8AC" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[744,907,642,667]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D04ADFD67FD8AD8AC" box="[744,907,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this is the first record of this genus for the Western Pacific region. The five previously known species of
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D053EFD4CFA1ED8F5" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[891,1055,681,706]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D053EFD4CFA1ED8F5" box="[891,1055,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
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were confined to the Americas:
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D06D2FD35FFF2D8DD" authority="(Muller, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,499,720,746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D06D2FD35FF2AD8DE" box="[151,299,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">C. darwinii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D077BFD35FFEAD8DD" author="Muller, F." box="[318,491,720,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" refId="ref5230" refString="Muller, F. (1864) Fur Darwin. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 91 pp." type="book" year="1864">Müller, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D0473FD35FDDCD8DD" authority="Smith &amp; Heard, 2001" authorityName="Smith &amp; Heard" authorityYear="2001" box="[566,989,720,746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forceps">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D0473FD35FCBBD8DE" box="[566,698,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">C. forceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0480FD35FDDCD8DD" author="Smith, D. G. &amp; Heard, R. W." box="[709,989,720,746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="1031 - 1041" refId="ref5479" refString="Smith, D. G. &amp; Heard, R. W. (2001) A new species of Chelorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) from southwest Florida, with comments on other species within the genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21 (4), 1031 - 1041." type="journal article" year="2001">Smith &amp; Heard, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
found on the Atlantic side and
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D03C5FD35FC65D927" authority="Valencia &amp; Giraldo, 2009" authorityName="Valencia &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D03C5FD35FF30D927" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">C. colombiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0773FD13FC65D927" author="Valencia, B. &amp; Giraldo, A." box="[310,612,758,784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref5709" refString="Valencia, B. &amp; Giraldo, A. (2009) A new species of the genus Chelorchestia (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Palma Island, Malaga Bay, Pacific Coast of Colombia. Crustaceana, 82 (1), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2009">Valencia &amp; Giraldo, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D042AFD12FDF5D927" authority="(Stebbing, 1906 b)" baseAuthorityName="Stebbing" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[623,1012,758,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricana">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D042AFD12FD1BD927" box="[623,794,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">C. costaricana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D056FFD13FDEDD927" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[810,1004,758,784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref5600" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1906 b) A new Costa Rican amphipod. Proceeding of the United States National Museum, 36, 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing, 1906b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D0269FD12FB76D927" authority="(Bowman, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Bowman" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1068,1399,758,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaggala">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D0269FD12FAAAD927" box="[1068,1195,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">C. vaggala</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D02FFFD13FB6ED927" author="Bowman, T. E." box="[1210,1391,758,784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="658 - 668" refId="ref4699" refString="Bowman, T. E. (1977) Orchestia vaggala, a new land-hopper from the Galapagos Islands (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90 (3), 658 - 668." type="journal article" year="1977">Bowman, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
on the Eastern Pacific side.
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0784FCF8FC8CD900" author="Bousfield, E. L." box="[449,653,797,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="171 - 210" refId="ref4660" refString="Bousfield, E. L. (1984) Recent advances in the systematics and biogeography of landhoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae) of the Indo-Pacific Region. Bishop Museum Special Publication, 72, 171 - 210." type="journal article" year="1984">Bousfield (1984)</bibRefCitation>
also suggested the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D0260FCF8FACAD901" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[1061,1227,797,822]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D0260FCF8FACAD901" box="[1061,1227,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Eastern Atlantic
<collectingCountry id="13AA7677B93EFF8D0756FCA1FF6FD969" box="[275,366,836,862]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, although this material has never been described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0236E7B93EFF8D0683FC8FFEFFDE8D" blockId="1.[151,1436,603,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">
Essentially
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D0714FC8FFFF5D9B4" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[337,500,874,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D0714FC8FFFF5D9B4" box="[337,500,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to have a Gondwanan distribution and with a consequently old origin, about 100 Ma. Despite the very scarce fossil record of the amphipods,
<bibRefCitation id="0F2C4B16B93EFF8D0267FC74FAF8D99C" author="Bousfield, E. L." box="[1058,1273,913,939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" pagination="171 - 210" refId="ref4660" refString="Bousfield, E. L. (1984) Recent advances in the systematics and biogeography of landhoppers (Amphipoda: Talitridae) of the Indo-Pacific Region. Bishop Museum Special Publication, 72, 171 - 210." type="journal article" year="1984">Bousfield (1984)</bibRefCitation>
postulated a hypothesis for the evolution of the talitrids, which apparently evolved from a 5-dentate hyalid ancestor by the middle Cretaceous (110-90 Ma). The palustral group, including
<taxonomicName id="ACBD4D64B93EFF8D05D1FC3AFA38D9CF" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1984" box="[916,1081,991,1016]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Chelorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="893" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C9EAF5B93EFF8D05D1FC3AFA38D9CF" box="[916,1081,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="893">Chelorchestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and four other genera, would be one of the first to evolve as they are very water dependent. By the late Cretaceous (90-70 Ma) the diversification of the flowering plants and rhizophoroid mangrove swamps developed through the coastal tropics and provided suitable habitats for the explosion and colonization of the talitrids initially in the mangroves and coastlines of the world and latter on invading the litter of the forest by the early Cenozoic time (60 Ma).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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