794 lines
80 KiB
XML
794 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.90114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-217" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D9031CD45A8571185B21349B635F30C" ID-ZooBank="3A394AE0290348B69D3083FC22112B05" ModsDocID="1860-0743-99-1-217" checkinTime="1679436518116" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Song, Sung Joon, Lee, Sang-kyu, Kim, Mijin, George, Kai Horst & Khim, Jong Seong" docDate="2023" docId="D89EB6E2E1CC5B9596177165946283E9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 99(1): 217-252" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 99 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.90114" docTitle="Pseudechinolaophonte Song & Lee & Kim & George & Khim 2023, gen.nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="03B316FE-329E-476B-B1BB-F51289DAA8A0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="0D9031CD45A8571185B21349B635F30C" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="0D9031CD45A8571185B21349B635F30C" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic revision of Echinolaophonte Nicholls (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae T. Scott) including the establishment of two new genera and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="217" updateTime="1679436823830" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic revision of Echinolaophonte Nicholls (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae T. Scott) including the establishment of two new genera and two new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Song, Sung Joon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-2723</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>GeoSystem Research Corporation, 172 LS-ro, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 15807, Republic of Korea & School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Sang-kyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-3389</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kim, Mijin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CHA Fertility Center Seoul, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>George, Kai Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-0099</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research DZMB, Suedstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kgeorge@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Khim, Jong Seong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jskocean@snu.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>217</mods:start>
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<mods:end>252</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.90114</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.90114</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3A394AE0290348B69D3083FC22112B05</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0D9031CD45A8571185B21349B635F30C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="results">
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03B316FE-329E-476B-B1BB-F51289DAA8A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D89EB6E2E1CC5B9596177165946283E9" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/03B316FE-329E-476B-B1BB-F51289DAA8A0" authority="Song & Lee & Kim & George & Khim, 2023" authorityName="Song & Lee & Kim & George & Khim" authorityYear="2023" family="Laophontidae" genus="Pseudechinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">Pseudechinolaophonte</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="217">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Laophontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laophontidae</taxonomicName>
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T. Scott, 1905. Body elongate, cylindrical, podoplean boundary between pro- and urosome inconspicuous. Sexual dimorphism in the A1, P3, P5 and P6; female with GDS. Cphth almost squarish, reaching about 1/3 of total body length; dorsally with spinulose, broad cuticular projection bearing 2-4 apical spikes on posterior margin (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Schematic depiction of A. Pseudechinolaophonte minuta gen. et comb. nov.; B. Echinolaophonte armiger and C. Echinolaophonte horrida, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table 2. Explanations are given in the text." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">9A</figureCitation>
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). Rostrum small, laterally constricted, square, fused to cphth. Thoracic body somites with paired strong spikes centrally on the posterior margin (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Schematic depiction of A. Pseudechinolaophonte minuta gen. et comb. nov.; B. Echinolaophonte armiger and C. Echinolaophonte horrida, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table 2. Explanations are given in the text." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">9A</figureCitation>
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); abdominal somites, except telson, dorsally with sclerotised clasp-like area bearing 2 spikes on posterior margins (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Schematic depiction of A. Pseudechinolaophonte minuta gen. et comb. nov.; B. Echinolaophonte armiger and C. Echinolaophonte horrida, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table 2. Explanations are given in the text." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">9A</figureCitation>
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). First abdominal somite (posterior half of female GDS) and second abdominal somite laterally with well-developed, wing-like epimeres (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Schematic depiction of A. Pseudechinolaophonte minuta gen. et comb. nov.; B. Echinolaophonte armiger and C. Echinolaophonte horrida, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table 2. Explanations are given in the text." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">9A</figureCitation>
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). Pre-anal somite with well-developed pseudoperculum, with 2 strong tridentate spikes (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Schematic depiction of A. Pseudechinolaophonte minuta gen. et comb. nov.; B. Echinolaophonte armiger and C. Echinolaophonte horrida, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table 2. Explanations are given in the text." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">9A</figureCitation>
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), but with some variability. CR at the most twice as long as broad, with 7 setae. Female A1 slender, 6-segmented; male A1 7-8-segmented, subchirocer. A2 with 1-segmented exopod bearing 4 setae, allobasis with or without abexopodal seta; endopod 1-segmented, with 2 lateral spines and 1 seta; 1 spine modified with a rounded tip that differs between the species; apically with 5-6 setae/spines, 2-3 of which geniculate. Mxp prehensile, with elongated syncoxa and basis; syncoxa with 1-2 setae on its apical edge. Endopod produced into long claw that surpasses the length of the basis. P1 prehensile, with elongated coxa and basis, but none reaching the length of enp-1. Exopod 2-segmented, not reaching half the length of the enp-1. Exp-1 about twice as long as exp-2, with 1 outer spine; exp-2 with 3 outer spines and 2 apical setae. Endopod 2-segmented, enp-1 long, without any ornamentation; enp-2 small, apically with strong serrated claw and 1 tiny seta. P2-P4 with 3-segmented exopods, P2 and P4, as well as female P3 endopods 2-segmented; outer basal seta of P2 biplumose, with extremely long pinnae. Male P3 and P4 sexually dimorphic; male P3 exopod more compact than in female, endopod 3-segmented, second segment with pronounced apophysis. Male P4 exopod also stronger than in female, somewhat bent inwards. P4 endopods particularly small in both sexes, not reaching the distal margin of exp-1. Female P5 with baseoendopod bearing 2 setae; exopod distinct, with 3 setae. Male P5 with completely reduced baseoendopod, exopod with 3 setae. Female P6 very small, knob-like, with 2 tiny setae. Male P6 small, consisting of simple lobe carrying 1 small bare and 1 long biplumose seta.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827559" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Schematic depiction of
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName family="Laophontidae" genus="Pseudechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechinolaophonte minuta" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Pseudechinolaophonte minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et comb. nov.;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte armiger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Norman" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte horrida" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte horrida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, illustrating and exemplifying the general shape of the cuticular structures located dorsally on the cephalothorax and free body somites of the closely-related taxa treated in the present contribution. The assigned numbers reflect the corresponding morphological characters as listed in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
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. Explanations are given in the text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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The generic name is composed of the Greek prefix
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">pseudo</emphasis>
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-, meaning false or fake and the generic name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Gender: feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName family="Laophontidae" genus="Pseudechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechinolaophonte minuta" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Pseudechinolaophonte minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Cottarelly & Forniz, 1991), gen. et comb. nov., by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="additional species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Additional species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. mordoganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="mordoganensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. mordoganensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Kuru,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sönmez">Soenmez</normalizedToken>
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& Karaytug, 2019) gen. et comb. nov.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. veniliae" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="veniliae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. veniliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Cottarelly, Forniz & Bascherini, 1992), gen. et comb. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="restructuring echinolaophonte nicholls, 1941">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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Restructuring
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nicholls, 1941
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
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After the exclusion of
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<taxonomicName family="Laophontidae" genus="Parechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parechinolaophonte tropica" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="tropica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Parechinolaophonte tropica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et comb. nov.,
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<taxonomicName family="Laophontidae" genus="Pseudechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechinolaophonte minuta" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Pseudechinolaophonte minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et comb. nov.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. mordoganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="mordoganensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. mordoganensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et comb. nov. and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. veniliae" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="veniliae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. veniliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et comb. nov. from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-CS, the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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retains 11 species (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
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, node M). They can be characterised by the synapomorphic dorsal spur on the posterior margin of the cphth (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
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, character 54). This dorsal cuticular spur on the posterior margin of the cphth is quite rare in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="order">Harpacticoida</taxonomicName>
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, had been recognised as a characteristic feature for
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, AG" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="381 - 427" refId="B48" refString="Nicholls, AG, 1941. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 6: 381 - 427" title="Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida." volume="6" year="1941">Nicholls (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is hypothesised here as a strong synapomorphic character for all 11 species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">A-FF</emphasis>
|
||
) are provided in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. List of nodes and assigned clades / taxa and apomorphies shown in Fig. 9. Presumed convergences are set in bold italics." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7215EB3684E7241418B42930034FACC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="7215EB3684E7241418B42930034FACC2">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. *
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="phylogenetic relationships within echinolaophonte">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
splits into two main subordinated clades, namely the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">Echinolaophonte armiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vervoort" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte gladiator" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">Echinolaophonte gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade enclosing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. gladiator" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node N) and the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte brevispinosa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">Echinolaophonte brevispinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade that includes the remaining eight species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node Q). The monophyly of the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">Echinolaophonte armiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vervoort" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte gladiator" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">Echinolaophonte gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade is supported by five autapomorphies (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 55-59) and each species is also characterised by four autapomorphies (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 60-67).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte brevispinosa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">Echinolaophonte brevispinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade is characterised by seven unambiguous autapomorphies (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 68-74). It splits again into two subordinated clades, i.e. the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte brevispinosa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">Echinolaophonte brevispinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ito Tat" authorityYear="1969" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte oshoroensis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oshoroensis">Echinolaophonte oshoroensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node R) and the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuentes-Reines & Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2017" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">Echinolaophonte villabonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node W). Both clades are supported by four and two autapomorphies, respectively (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 75-78 and 103, 104, respectively) and also, the relationships within the subclades can be supported by some apomorphic characters (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuentes-Reines & Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2017" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">Echinolaophonte villabonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade, a further splitting took place: the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuentes-Reines & Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2017" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">Echinolaophonte villabonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">Echinolaophonte briani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade encompasses
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. villabonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. briani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and tentatively
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node X), whose status as sister species is supported by six synapomorphies (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 105-110). Together they constitute the sister taxon of the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mielke" authorityYear="1981" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte tetracheir" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracheir">Echinolaophonte tetracheir</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node AA), whose monophyly is supported by four autapomorphies (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Matrix listing the 135 morphological characters used in the here presented phylogenetic analysis. 1 = supposed apomorphies; 0 = supposed plesiomorphies; 1 = supposed convergent apomorphies. Vertical arrows in characters 31 and 32 point towards a further deviation in E. oshoroensis. For character state justification, see character discussion." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="5A251B6CCD41652BCFE3F0D38FB5CC58">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 115-118). Within the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mielke" authorityYear="1981" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte tetracheir" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracheir">Echinolaophonte tetracheir</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade, the first branch-off is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. tetracheir" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracheir">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. tetracheir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node BB), forming the sister species of the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Song & Lee & Kim & George & Khim" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte musa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musa">Echinolaophonte musa</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Echinolaophonte mirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node CC). All named species can be characterised by distinct autapomorphies that are discussed in detail below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="establishment of echinolaophonte briani lang, 1965">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Establishment of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte briani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lang, 1965
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B41" refString="Lang, K, 1965. CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4)10(2): 1-560." title="CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4) 10 (2): 1 - 560." year="1965">Lang (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported and described a new presumed subspecies from Dillon Beach, California (U.S.A.), which he named
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" form="briani" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger subsp. f." order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="armiger" subSpecies="f.">E. armiger f. briani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lang, 1965. He assumed a close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sensu" class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sensu subsp. f." order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">E. armiger f. typica sensu</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1927.tb00207.x" author="Gurney, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="451 - 577" refId="B25" refString="Gurney, R, 1927. Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. 23. Report on the Crustacea - Copepoda (littoral and semi-parasitic). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 22: 451 - 577, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1927.tb00207.x" title="Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. 23. Report on the Crustacea - Copepoda (littoral and semi-parasitic)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1927.tb00207.x" volume="22" year="1927">Gurney (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but at the same time, noted some morphological differences that justified, in his opinion, the establishment of a new form (subspecies)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte briani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the detailed re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="53 - 68" refId="B43" refString="Lee, W, Soh, HY, Montagna, PA, 2006. Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 1250: 53 - 68" title="Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico." volume="1250" year="2006">Lee et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as well as on the here presented detailed phylogenetic analysis, it became clear that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B41" refString="Lang, K, 1965. CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4)10(2): 1-560." title="CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4) 10 (2): 1 - 560." year="1965">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1965)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" form="briani" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger subsp. f." order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="armiger" subSpecies="f.">E. armiger f. briani</taxonomicName>
|
||
in fact represents a distinct species that is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. villabonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, it is here elevated to species rank as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte briani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lang, 1965.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="the status of echinolaophonte hystrix and laophonte steueri van douwe, 1929">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brian" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douwe" authorityYear="1929" class="Hexanauplia" family="Laophontidae" genus="Laophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophonte steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Laophonte steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
van Douwe, 1929
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brian" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, AG" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="381 - 427" refId="B48" refString="Nicholls, AG, 1941. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 6: 381 - 427" title="Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida." volume="6" year="1941">Nicholls (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and later by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B40" refString="Lang, K, 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden, two volumes. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" title="Monographie der Harpacticiden, two volumes." year="1948">Lang (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gurney" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Hexanauplia" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychocamptus armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Onychocamptus armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="53 - 68" refId="B43" refString="Lee, W, Soh, HY, Montagna, PA, 2006. Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 1250: 53 - 68" title="Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico." volume="1250" year="2006">Lee et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a well-justified re-instatement of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, at the same time, recognised that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B41" refString="Lang, K, 1965. CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4)10(2): 1-560." title="CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4) 10 (2): 1 - 560." year="1965">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1965)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" form="typica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger subsp. f." order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="armiger" subSpecies="f.">E. armiger f. typica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gurney, 1927) most probably was a re-description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brian, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B10" refString="Brian, A, 1928. Descrizione di specie nuove o poco conosciute di copepodi bentonici del mare Egeo. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata Genova 7: 1 - 37" title="Descrizione di specie nuove o poco conosciute di copepodi bentonici del mare Egeo." volume="7" year="1928">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brian’s">Brian's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose underlying Mediterranean material had been donated to K. Lang by A. Brian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B41" refString="Lang, K, 1965. CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4)10(2): 1-560." title="CopepodaHarpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (4) 10 (2): 1 - 560." year="1965">Lang 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5). The argumentation given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="53 - 68" refId="B43" refString="Lee, W, Soh, HY, Montagna, PA, 2006. Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 1250: 53 - 68" title="Redescription of Echinolaophonte armiger (Gurney) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Gulf of Mexico." volume="1250" year="2006">Lee et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is adopted here and the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Douwe, C" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B59" refString="van Douwe, C, 1929. 4. Marine Litoral-Copepoden: Zur Verbreitung des Genus Laophonte Philippi im Mittelmeer. Zoologischer Anzeiger 83(11/12): 283-294." title="4. Marine Litoral-Copepoden: Zur Verbreitung des Genus Laophonte Philippi im Mittelmeer. Zoologischer Anzeiger 83 (11 / 12): 283 - 294." year="1929">Van Douwe (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another species from the French, Italian and Croatian Mediterranean coast,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douwe" authorityYear="1929" class="Hexanauplia" family="Laophontidae" genus="Laophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophonte steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Laophonte steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That author provided a quite detailed textual description that lacks, however, a similarly detailed set of illustrations. He pointed towards the strong similarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. horrida" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. horrida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. brevispinosa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. brevispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, apparently unaware of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brian, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B10" refString="Brian, A, 1928. Descrizione di specie nuove o poco conosciute di copepodi bentonici del mare Egeo. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata Genova 7: 1 - 37" title="Descrizione di specie nuove o poco conosciute di copepodi bentonici del mare Egeo." volume="7" year="1928">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brian’s">Brian's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1928)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like the latter, also
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was subsequently synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicholls, AG" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" pagination="381 - 427" refId="B48" refString="Nicholls, AG, 1941. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 6: 381 - 427" title="Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. I. Harpacticoida." volume="6" year="1941">Nicholls (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" refId="B40" refString="Lang, K, 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden, two volumes. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein" title="Monographie der Harpacticiden, two volumes." year="1948">Lang (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The WoRMS database synonymises
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brian" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walter, TC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" publicationUrl="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115367" refId="B61" refString="Walter, TC, Boxshall, GA, 2022. World of Copepods Database. Echinolaophonte Nicholls, 1941. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115367" title="World of Copepods Database. Echinolaophonte Nicholls, 1941. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species." url="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115367" year="2022">Walter and Boxshall 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), albeit without mentioning the corresponding literature that might justify that synonymisation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The here presented phylogenetic analysis aimed at elucidating the systematic relationship of both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the available information is scarce and the descriptions of both species are rather imprecise and incomplete. Though, the synonymisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. steueri" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">L. steueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tentatively confirmed here (see Discussion); however and despite some indications for an allocation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuentes-Reines & Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2017" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">Echinolaophonte villabonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">Echinolaophonte briani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade, due to the gap of detailed information, the systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unclear (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram presenting the result of the phylogenetic analysis, showing the hypothesised relationships of the investigated species. The apomorphies of the nodes (A-FF) are provided in Table 3. * Echinolaophonte - CS = group of species united hitherto in the genus Echinolaophonte." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.90114.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827560" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">10</figureCitation>
|
||
, node X).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="217" type="diagnostic key to the genera and species of echinolaophonte and the here established new genera (note: e. longantennata was excluded from the analysis due to lack of data)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Diagnostic key to the genera and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the here established new genera (note:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. longantennata" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longantennata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. longantennata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was excluded from the analysis due to lack of data)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Cphth without strong, cuticular dorsal structure centrally; free body somites, except pre-anal somite and telson without well-developed cuticular structures</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Cphth with strong cuticular dorsal structure centrally; free body somites, except pre-anal somite and telson with well-developed cuticular structures</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P2 exp-2 with inner seta; P1 exp reaching over middle of enp-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Laophontidae" genus="Parechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parechinolaophonte tropica" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Parechinolaophonte tropica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Cphth rectangular, almost square; P2-P6-bearing somites dorsally with pair of with spikes that are basally connected to each other; A2 enp with 1 spine bearing strongly derived tip 4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Song & Lee & Kim & George & Khim" authorityYear="2023" family="Laophontidae" genus="Pseudechinolaophonte" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudechinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Pseudechinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Cphth not square; P2-P6-bearing somites dorsally with pair of basally separated processes instead of pair of connected spikes; A2 enp without blunt-tip-bearing spine 6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1941" class="Copepoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Echinolaophonte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinolaophonte" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Echinolaophonte</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P4 exp-3 with 4 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">A2 enp derived seta comb-like at distal half; P4 exp-3 with 5 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. mordoganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="mordoganensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. mordoganensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">A2 enp derived seta club-shaped; P2 exp-3 twice as long as exp-3; CR 2.0 times longer than wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">A2 enp derived seta with a trifid tip; P2 exp-3 only slightly longer than exp-3; CR 1.5 times longer than wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ps. veniliae" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rank="species" species="veniliae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">Ps. veniliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Paired dorsal processes tiny; cphth dorsal spur with broad base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Paired dorsal processes strongly developed; cphth dorsal spur with narrow base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P3 exp-3 with 7 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. armiger" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P3 exp-3 with 6 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. gladiator" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Cphth laterodistally exended cheek-like; Ro elongate, with rounded tip</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">These characters not combined</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P2 exp-3 with inner seta; CR at least 2 times as long as wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P2 exp-3 without inner seta; CR at most 2 times as long as wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. oshoroensis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oshoroensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. oshoroensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Rostrum with rounded tip; P1 exp not reaching middle of enp-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. horrida" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. horrida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Rostrum with bilobed tip; P1 exp reaching middle of enp-1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. brevispinosa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. brevispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Rostrum slightly trapezoid, broadening apically; Cphth with lateral cuticular ornamentation</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Rostrum narrow and elongate; Cphth without lateral cuticular ornamentation</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P3 exp-3 with 7 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P3 exp-3 with 6 setae/spines</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. villabonae" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villabonae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. villabonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Female P2 enp-1 as long as enp-2; male P3 with sexual dimorphism</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hystrix" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">Female P2 enp-1 much shorter than enp-2; male P3 without sexual dimorphism</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. briani" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. briani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">CR at most 4 times longer than wide; female P4 enp-2 reaching beyond exp-2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. tetracheir" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracheir">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. tetracheir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">CR at least 5 times longer than wide; female P4 enp-2 not reaching exp-2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P2-P6-bearing somites with strongly elongate and bifurcate processes; Rostrum without sexual dimorphism</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. musa" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. musa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">P2-P6-bearing somites without strongly elongate and bifurcate processes; Ro with sexual dimorphism</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. mirabilis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="217">E. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |