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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.9677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a14e0f1e-152b-4b77-a1e6-105df5eb80d8" ID-PMC="PMC5096395" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-623-43" ID-PubMed="27843387" ID-ZBK="5E560CB94AE34E8AACBDB8E8DEC0D799" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-623-43" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 623" ModsDocTitle="Proneotermesmacondianus, a new drywood termite from Colombia and expanded distribution of Proneotermes in the Neotropics (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)" checkinTime="1476241318425" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Casalla, Robin, Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. &amp; Korb, Judith" docDate="2016" docId="D83E18DAE3FFB9E24C379D7928B36B26" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 623: 43-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 623" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.9677" docTitle="Proneotermes macondianus Casalla, Scheffrahn &amp; Korb, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="AB0F7282-534A-448D-AC80-86E697A18E9E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="444AFFB0FF86FFA57714965AFFCBF565" masterDocTitle="Proneotermesmacondianus, a new drywood termite from Colombia and expanded distribution of Proneotermes in the Neotropics (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668163614205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Proneotermesmacondianus, a new drywood termite from Colombia and expanded distribution of Proneotermes in the Neotropics (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Casalla, Robin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Korb, Judith</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>623</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.9677</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.9677</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-623-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5E560CB94AE34E8AACBDB8E8DEC0D799</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5E560CB94AE34E8AACBDB8E8DEC0D799</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127882732" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB0F7282-534A-448D-AC80-86E697A18E9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D83E18DAE3FFB9E24C379D7928B36B26" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Taxon classification Animalia Isoptera Kalotermitidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AB0F7282-534A-448D-AC80-86E697A18E9E" class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
The
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
soldier is smaller and the head capsule lighter than those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes latifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Proneotermes latifrons</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes perezi" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezi">Proneotermes perezi</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
, the lateral margins of the genal horns angle outward from the sides of the head capsule while, in the other two species, the lateral margins of the genal horns remain in line with the head capsule. The mandibular humps of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
are more pronounced and rounded than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes latifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Proneotermes latifrons</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes perezi" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezi">Proneotermes perezi</taxonomicName>
. Both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes latifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Proneotermes latifrons</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes perezi" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezi">Proneotermes perezi</taxonomicName>
have more robust rugosity on the frons than
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
. The imago of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
is smaller and has much shorter, wider, darker, and more punctate wings than that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes perezi" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezi">Proneotermes perezi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Imago (Figs 2, 3A, Table 2). Head dorsal view: yellowish weakly trapezoidal, eyes moderately protruding and small, diameter 0.30 mm (Fig. 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
). Ocellus oval and almost touching eye (Fig. 2B). Antenna with 15 articles. Pronotum broader than head (Fig. 2A). Forewing with all major veins running parallel; subcosta running from suture to costal margin about 1/5 length of wing, radius to 1/3 wing length, radial sector with 4-6 branches, media less sclerotized than anterior veins, and cubitus unsclerotized Wings brownish, especially near scale suture, membrane nodular; unusually wide and relatively short. Fore wing with a very long suture line margin; scale much darker that body pigmentation (Fig. 3A). Measurements are reported in Table 2.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. imago: A Head in dorsal B lateral, and C whole body in lateral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Alate: A fore- and hindwing, scale bar: 5 mm. Soldier: B mandibles, scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B8DC24AFF3B7BA1895153F651B659BDA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B8DC24AFF3B7BA1895153F651B659BDA" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Table 2. Morphometrical measurements for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. imagoes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan="1">No.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan="1">Measurements in mm (n = 10).</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan="1">SD</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rowspan="1">Range</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Soldier (Figs 3B, 4, Table 3). Head in dorsal view with postclypeus almost black, grading to ferruginous orange near frontal flange, and yellow at occiput (Fig. 4A). Dorsal view with head elongate and sides parallel, frons wide and shallow and faint frontal flange (Fig. 4B). Eye spots distinct, unpigmented. Mandibles completely black (Fig. 3B, 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Pronotum yellowish with anterior borders brown. Frons angles below vertex approx. 43°. Rugosity vestigial on the frons or vertex regions of the head. Frontal horns robust and project towards the front (Fig. 4A). Genal horns prominent in dorsal view, angled antero-laterally about 45°. Mandible tips bend about 60-65° from longitudinal axis of mandibular blade, prominent dentition, with rounded and pronounced mandibular humps: left hump larger than right (Figs 3B, 4A). Postmentum somewhat constricted in middle, as cup-shaped (Fig. 4C). Third antennal article enlarged and sclerotized, formula 2&lt;3&gt;4=5=6 and 11 articles. Pronotum as broad as
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="47" start="start">head</pageBreakToken>
; anterior emarginate. Measurements are reported in Table 3. The soldiers from the Tayrona National Park (Santa Marta, Magdalena) showed slightly darker coloration than those from the samples sites at El Ceibal (Santa Catalina,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colosó">Coloso</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colosó">Coloso</normalizedToken>
, Sucre).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
Figure 4. Soldier heads of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes latifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Proneotermes latifrons</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes perezi" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezi">Proneotermes perezi</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
). Head in dorsal (A, D, G), lateral (B, E, H) and ventral position (C, F, I). Arrow in 4C denote genal horn projected prominently in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2238422FEF28E31A682475A455241024" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2238422FEF28E31A682475A455241024" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
Table 3. Morphometrical measurements for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. soldiers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">No.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Measurements in mm (n = 11).</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">SD</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan="1">Range</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="genetic analysis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Genetic analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
The COII, 12S, and 16S sequences obtained in this study are deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KX267090-KX267098 (Table 1). The combined COII, 12S, and 16S nucleotide data of three different haplotypes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
from the northern Colombian coast (separated ~200 km from each other) revealed genetic distances of about 2.5% (p-distance, SE 0.004; 38bp / 1488bp)
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="48" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Table 4). Our Bayesian phylogenetic tree shows more than 74% Bayesian Posterior Probability (BPP) support for all nodes (Fig. 5). The COII based tree suggests that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proneotermes</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon to a cluster consisting of [(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Marginitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marginitermes</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Epicalotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicalotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicalotermes</taxonomicName>
) +
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Bifiditermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bifiditermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bifiditermes</taxonomicName>
] + [(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName genus="Procrypotermes" lsidName="Procrypotermes" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">Procrypotermes</taxonomicName>
) +
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Incisitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Incisitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Incisitermes</taxonomicName>
]. Since Kalotermitid sequences for 12S and 16S were very sparse in public databases such as The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) or NCBI, we only used COII to estimate genetic distances between species and for phylogenetic tree inference. Inter-generic COIIp-distances for available genera (Table 5) showed that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Bifiditermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bifiditermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bifiditermes</taxonomicName>
is closest to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proneotermes</taxonomicName>
(0.153 SE 0.015).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
Figure 5. Bayesian inference tree, inferred with MRBAYES from COII sequence data (nodes show posterior probability support).
<taxonomicName family="Kalotermitidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Kalotermitidae</taxonomicName>
distribution (X), Species distribution known (O), unknown (?) and established introductions from other regions (I). Neartic = Nea, Neotropic = Neo, Ethiopian = Eth, Paleartic = Pal, Oriental = Ori, Australian = Aus, Papuan = Pap. Distribution based on
<bibRefCitation author="Krishna, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 2704" title="Treatise on the Isoptera of the world." url="10.1206/377.1" volume="377" year="2013">Krishna et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
Table 4. Nucleotide distances for combined analysis of COII, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA genes between localities of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (p-distance). Standard error estimates are shown above the diagonal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">No.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Species (n = number of sequenced specimens)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Localities</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ER2AG" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">CE</abbrev>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZ2AG" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">CO</abbrev>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EB3AG" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PT</abbrev>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">CE</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">CO</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">PT</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
Table 5. Nucleotide distances for COII sequences between sample localities
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n, the cockroach
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cryptocercidae" genus="Cryptocercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocercus punctulatus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">Cryptocercus punctulatus</taxonomicName>
and different
<taxonomicName family="Kalotermitidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Kalotermitidae</taxonomicName>
(p-distance). Standard error estimates are shown above the diagonal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">No.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">Specie</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">1</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">2</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">3</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">4</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">5</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">6</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">7</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">8</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">9</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">10</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">11</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">12</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">13</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">14</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">15</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">16</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
CEKX267097
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
COKX267098
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
PTKX267096
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Bifiditermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bifiditermes improbus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improbus">Bifiditermes improbus</taxonomicName>
AF189080.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Postelectrotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Postelectrotermes howa" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howa">Postelectrotermes howa</taxonomicName>
EU253883.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes castaneus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Neotermes castaneus</taxonomicName>
HQ215844.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Incisitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Incisitermes immigrans" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immigrans">Incisitermes immigrans</taxonomicName>
AB109542.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Epicalotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicalotermes mkuzii" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mkuzii">Epicalotermes mkuzii</taxonomicName>
DQ442125.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Kalotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kalotermes flavicollis" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicollis">Kalotermes flavicollis</taxonomicName>
DQ442147.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Glyptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotermes brevicornis" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Glyptotermes brevicornis</taxonomicName>
AF189096.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes cavifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">Cryptotermes cavifrons</taxonomicName>
FN377810.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Comatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comatermes perfectus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfectus">Comatermes perfectus</taxonomicName>
EU253878.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Procryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procryptotermes leewardensis" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leewardensis">Procryptotermes leewardensis</taxonomicName>
EU253884.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Calcaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calcaritermes temnocephalus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="temnocephalus">Calcaritermes temnocephalus</taxonomicName>
EU253877.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Marginitermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marginitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marginitermes</taxonomicName>
KJ907844.1
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cryptocercidae" genus="Cryptocercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocercus punctulatus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">Cryptocercus punctulatus</taxonomicName>
DQ007637.1
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="49" start="start">Ecological</pageBreakToken>
notes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n was found in tropical dry forests of the Colombian Caribbean near to coastal areas up to 25 km inland (Fig. 1, Appendix 1 - Figure S1). Encounters of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proneotermes</taxonomicName>
were scarce. In line transects that covered a total area of 1500m
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2m, only 0.82% of all termite samples (n = 1102) were
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
(n = 9). All samples were from thin pieces of drywood branches: less than 2 cm diameter on the ground, with a maximum of 20 individuals per branch. Pellets were hexagonal in shape, beige in colour and had a length of 0.92 +/- 0.04 mm (Appendix 1: Figure S1, S2, Table S1). It was impossible to identify the plant species from the small dry branches where
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Proneotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proneotermes macondianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macondianus">Proneotermes macondianus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="50" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Holotype colony: Colombia: Municipality of Santa Marta, Magdalena. Tayrona National Natural Park, Gairaca Bay:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.3152">11.3152°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.1032">74.1032°W</geoCoordinate>
(Fig. 1), 6m, 27.VI.15 by R. Casalla. COLPT4K1-206. Holotype: Soldier, paratypes: 5 soldiers, 2 reproductives, and few pseudergates, two used for DNA analysis. Municipality of Santa Catalina,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
. Protected area &quot;El Ceibal&quot;:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.6336">10.6336°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.2517">75.2517°W</geoCoordinate>
, 25m, 30.VIII.14 R. Casalla. COLCE3F5-155, COLCE3G5-158, COLCE3H2-160: Paratypes: 4 soldiers, 5 functional reproductives, and few pseudergates, two used for DNA analysis. Municipality of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colosó">Coloso</normalizedToken>
, Sucre.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
de Coraza y Montes de
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
.
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="51" start="start">Protected</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="área">area</normalizedToken>
&quot;Los
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Primates" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="order">Primates</taxonomicName>
&quot;:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="9.5332">9.5332°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.3479">75.3479°W</geoCoordinate>
, 223m, 27.VII.14 R. Casalla. COLCO4F4-226: Paratypes: 1 soldier, 1 winged imago, 2 dealated imagoes, one used for DNA analysis. Measurements for holoype, paratype soldiers and imagoes are reported in Table 2 and 3. The holotype and clearly colored paratype soldiers from COLCE3F5-155 will be deposited in the Arthropod Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
, Colombia (MIAvH). A paratype soldier from holotype colony, will be deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States. Morphotype imagoes, paratype soldiers and pseudergates will be part of the collection of the Department of Chemistry and Biology at the University del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName genus="Macondianus" lsidName="Macondianus" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Macondianus</taxonomicName>
: In honour of Nobel laureate Gabriel
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Marquez and the fictional town
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Macondo”">&quot;Macondo&quot;</normalizedToken>
in his novel &quot;One hundred years of solitude&quot;.
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Macondiano/a”">&quot;Macondiano/a&quot;</normalizedToken>
is also a Spanish world used in Colombia to describe an incredible, rare or surprising event that could only be compared with the fictional universe and magical realism of this novel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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