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<document id="798C0A4C93CCA4D7B82483BD48AFAF98" ID-CLB-Dataset="55761" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2019.vol2019.iss277.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9986ae3-7799-4a66-afc1-b1e1ecd827d8" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6511455" ID-ZooBank="64451868-1FB3-4D20-B88D-FBF7304EB775" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638261050631" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lowe, Graeme, Kovařík, František, Stockmann, Mark &amp; Šťáhlavský, František" docDate="2019" docId="D81E87F75129FF9F5F68D9FEFBB5FC62" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.277.1-30.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 277" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trypanothacus Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský 2019, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E0EABA52-8563-466A-970F-F874A38AEBDC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="2427FF8F512DFF995E5DDA5DFF8BFFC1" masterDocTitle="Trypanothacus gen. n., a new genus of burrowing scorpion from the Arabian Peninsula (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699471307476" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E9BF0F510C849F992747C37377BB0FC2">Trypanothacus gen. n., a new genus of burrowing scorpion from the Arabian Peninsula (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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(
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645129FF9D5ECCD99BFE8EFC1F" box="[145,261,966,990]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–4" captionStart-1="Figures 5–10" captionStart-2="Figures 11–12" captionStart-3="Figures 13–14" captionStart-4="Figures 15–22" captionStart-5="Figures 23–28" captionStart-6="Figures 29–46" captionStartId-0="3.[113,190,1967,1989]" captionStartId-1="5.[113,190,1457,1479]" captionStartId-2="7.[116,193,1657,1679]" captionStartId-3="9.[113,190,1589,1611]" captionStartId-4="10.[113,190,1958,1980]" captionStartId-5="11.[116,193,1958,1980]" captionStartId-6="12.[115,192,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1458,266,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,223,1433]" captionTargetBox-2="[116,1473,234,1632]" captionTargetBox-3="[113,1474,223,1572]" captionTargetBox-4="[120,1471,258,1929]" captionTargetBox-5="[113,1474,234,1927]" captionTargetBox-6="[131,1463,242,1849]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@3.[113,1474,253,1912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-291@5.[113,1474,223,1449]" captionTargetId-2="figure-143@7.[114,1475,234,1632]" captionTargetId-3="figure-7@9.[113,1474,223,1574]" captionTargetId-4="figure-11@10.[113,1474,234,1934]" captionTargetId-5="figure-69@11.[111,1474,234,1930]" captionTargetId-6="figure-164@12.[113,1471,234,1854]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionText-0="Figures 1–4: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 1–2. Male paratype from the type locality in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. Figures 3–4: Female paratype from the type locality in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 5–10: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 5, 7, 9. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–V (5), coxosternal area and sternites (7), right legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (9.I–IV). Figures 6, 8, 10. Female paratype from the type locality, carapace and tergites I–III (6), coxosternal area and sternites III–IV (8), right legs III–IV, retrolateral aspect (10.III–IV)." captionText-2="Figures 11–12: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Male paratype from Thumrait (VII.1997), carapace and tergites I–VII (11), coxosternal area and sternites (12). UV fluorescence. Scale bars: 2 mm." captionText-3="Figures 13–14: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Female paratype from Yalooni (XII.1988), carapace and tergites I–VII (13), coxosternal area and sternites (14). UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-4="Figures 15–22: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 15, 20–22. Male holotype, metasoma V and telson lateral view (15), metasoma and telson lateral (20), ventral (21), and dorsal (22) views. Figures. 16–19. Female paratype from type locality, metasoma V and telson lateral view (16), metasoma and telson lateral (17), ventral (18), and dorsal (19) views. Scale bars: 4 mm (17–19, 20–21)." captionText-5="Figures 23–28: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 23–25. Male paratype from Thumrait (VII.1997), metasoma and telson dorsal (23), lateral (24) and ventral (25) views. Figures 26–28. Female paratype from Yalooni (XII.1988), metasoma and telson dorsal (26), lateral (27) and ventral (28) views. UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 4 mm." captionText-6="Figures 29–46: Figures 29–42: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 29–40. Pedipalp segments. Figures 29–38. Male holotype, chela dorsal (29), external (30), and ventral (31) views. Patella dorsal (32), external (33) and ventral (34) views. Femur and trochanter internal (35), dorsal (36), and ventral (37) views. Movable finger dentition (38). Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 30–33 and 35–36. Figures 39– 40. Female paratype from the type locality, chela dorsal (39) and external (40) views. Figures 41–42. Telson, male holotype (41) and female paratype from type locality (42), lateral views. Figures 43–44: T. buettikeri comb. n., pedipalp chela dorsal, male holotype (43) and female paratype (44). Figures 45–46: Buthacus stockmanni Kovařík et al., 2016, telson, male holotype (45) and female paratype (46), lateral views." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511465" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511467" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511473" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511477" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511479" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511481" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511485" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6511465/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6511467/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6511473/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6511477/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6511479/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6511481/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/6511485/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645129FF9D5F52D99BFEDEFC1F" box="[271,341,966,990]" captionStart-0="Figures 47–58" captionStart-1="Figures 59–70" captionStart-2="Figures 71–77" captionStartId-0="13.[113,190,1959,1981]" captionStartId-1="14.[116,193,1907,1929]" captionStartId-2="15.[113,190,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,234,1930]" captionTargetBox-1="[124,1469,237,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1460,257,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@13.[113,1474,234,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@14.[113,1469,232,1890]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@15.[110,1474,236,1899]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="Figures 47–58: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Pedipalp segments of male paratype from Thumrait (VII.1997), chela dorsal (47), external (48), ventral (49) and internal (50) views. Patella dorsal (51), external (52), ventral (53) and internal (54) views. Femur and trochanter dorsal (55), external (56), ventral (57) and internal (58) views. UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-1="Figures 59–70: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Pedipalp segments of female paratypes, chela dorsal (59), external (60), ventral (61) and internal (62) views. Patella dorsal (63), external (64), ventral (65) and internal (66) views. Femur and trochanter dorsal (67), external (68), ventral (69) and internal (70) views. Dorsal views (59, 63, 67): paratype female from Thumrait (XI.1989) (with normal dorsointernal carina on femur). External (60, 64, 68), ventral (61, 65, 69) and internal (62, 66, 70) views: paratype female from Yalooni (XII.1988) (with malformed dorsointernal carina on femur). UV fluorescence. Scale bars: 2 mm (59, 63, 67), 2 mm (60–62, 64–66, 69–70)." captionText-2="Figures 71–77: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 71–73. Paratype male, right chelicera, dorsal (71), ventral (72) and ventral UV fluorescence (73) views. Scale bar: 1 mm. Figures 74–77. Holotype male, right hemispermatophore, capsule region with lobes in anterior (74), convex compressed (75) and posterior (76) views, and whole hemispermatophore in convex view (77). Scale bars: 1 mm (71–73), 500 µm (74–76), 1 mm (77)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511487" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511489" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511493" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6511487/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6511489/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6511493/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">47–77</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645129FF9D5F02D99BFE2EFC1F" box="[351,421,966,990]" captionStart-0="Figures 84–85" captionStart-1="Figures 86–89" captionStartId-0="17.[116,193,1988,2010]" captionStartId-1="18.[113,190,1969,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,248,1949]" captionTargetBox-1="[114,1474,236,1939]" captionTargetId-0="figure-35@17.[113,1474,248,1949]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@18.[114,1474,234,1939]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="Figures 84–85: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n., in vivo habitus, male holotype (84) and female paratype from type locality (85)." captionText-1="Figures 86–89: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n.. Figures 86–87. Male (86) and female (87) from Thumrait, photos by J. N. Barnes. Figures 88–89. Type locality, Oman, S of Schelim, 18.041070°N 55.612262°E." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511498" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511503" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6511498/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6511503/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">84–87</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645129FF9D5FF2D99BFD89FC1F" box="[431,514,966,990]" captionStart-0="Figures 90–93" captionStart-1="Figures 94–95" captionStart-2="Figures 96–106" captionStart-3="Figures 107–110" captionStartId-0="21.[113,190,1977,1999]" captionStartId-1="22.[113,190,1259,1281]" captionStartId-2="24.[113,187,1903,1925]" captionStartId-3="25.[113,189,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1442,254,1923]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,234,1247]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1474,234,1891]" captionTargetBox-3="[121,1439,242,1379]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@21.[110,1474,234,1945]" captionTargetId-1="figure-416@22.[113,1474,234,1248]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@24.[113,1474,231,1891]" captionTargetId-3="figure-494@25.[113,1474,234,1386]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionText-0="Figures 90–93: Trypanothacus buettikeri comb. n. Figures 90–91. Male holotype in dorsal (90) and ventral (91) views. Figures 92–93: Female paratype in dorsal (92) and ventral (93) views. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 94–95: Trypanothacus buettikeri comb. n. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–IV (94), coxosternal area and sternites I–II (95). UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-2="Figures 96–106: Trypanothacus buettikeri comb. n. Figures 96–101. Male holotype, lateral view of metasoma and telson (96), dorsal views of pedipalp chela (97) patella (98) and femur (99), external views of pedipalp chela (100) and patella (101). Figure 102. Male from Wadi Turabah (NHMB No. 509), dorsal view of pedipalp patella. Figures 103–106. Female paratype (NHMB 896), lateral views of metasoma (103) and pedipalp chela (104), dorsal view ofpedipalp patella (105) and femur (106).UV fluorescence.Scale bars:2 mm (96), 2 mm (97–101), 2 mm (102), 2 mm (103), 2 mm (104–106)." captionText-3="Figures 107–110: Morphometric scaling relations of the telson of fossorial ‘Buthus group’ scorpions. Figure 107. Double logarithmic scatterplot of telson vesicle length/ depth (L/ D) ratio vs. aculeus length normalized to vesicle length (aculeus L/ vesicle L), for large pelophiles/ semipsammophiles (4 genera, 53 species) (Buthus, Odontobuthus, Pantobuthus: orange circles; Trypanothacus gen. n.: blue circles) and large psammophiles/ ultrapsammophiles (6 genera, 29 species) (Buthacus: cyan circles; Vachoniolus: dark green circles; Apistobuthus, Buthiscus, Liobuthus, and Plesiobuthus: yellow circles). Dark line: linear least squares regression fit to all data shown (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.57). Upper right inset: diagram of measurements estimated from inverted telson lateral profiles, with dorsal surface of vesicle approximately leveled; SA = ventral profile length of aculeus from base point to tip, LV = length of vesicle from anterior limit or inflection point to aculeus base point; HV = vesicle depth or height (distance between dorsal and ventral tangent planes). Base point was placed at local minimum of inverted ventral profile curve. SA was calculated by cubic spline fit (&gt;10 anchor points). For a minority of broken tips, SA was estimated by intersecting extrapolated dorsal and ventral profile curves (&lt;5%). Figure 108. Scatterplot of fossorial buthids in Figure 107, superposed upon larger scale plot of Order Scorpiones (gray circles). Gray line: linear least squares regression fit to Order Scorpiones data (including data in Figure 107) (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = –0.62).Also plotted are data from small ‘Buthus group’ psammophiles/ ultrapsammophiles (5 genera, 10 species: Compsobuthus arabicus, Lanzatus somalilandus, Neobuthus kutcheri, Picobuthus dundoni, P. wahibaensis, Anomalobuthus krivochatskyi, A. pavlovskyi, A. rickmersi, A. lowei, A. talebii) (dark yellow circles). Figure 109. Double logarithmic scatterplot of carapace length (L) vs. aculeus length normalized to vesicle length (i.e., aculeus L/ vesicle L) for psammophile/ ultrapsammophile members of the ‘Buthus group’, including large species in Figure 107, and small species in Figure 108 (dark yellow circles). Blue line: linear least squares regression fit to all data shown (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.74). Figure 110. Scatterplot of psammophile buthid data in Figure 109 (all in one color, blue circles) superposed upon larger scale plot of Order Scorpiones (gray circles). Gray line: linear least squares regression to Order Scorpiones data (including data in Figure 109) (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = –0.01). Also plotted are data from bothriurid genus Brachistosternus (43 species) (magenta triangles), and corresponding linear least squares regression fit (R = 0.39). All plots in Figures 107-110 include data from both males and females. Data were assembled by mining taxonomic literature or directly measuring specimens. Included are 1854 species or subspecies (1331 ♂, 1201 ♀) representing all known extant genera (1841 species or subspecies) plus 7 fossil genera (13 species)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511505" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511509" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511511" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511515" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6511505/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6511509/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6511511/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6511515/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">90–108</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645129FF9D5C50D99BFDE1FC1F" box="[525,618,966,990]" captionStart-0="Figures 111–113" captionStart-1="Figures 114–116" captionStart-2="Figures 117–118" captionStartId-0="26.[113,190,671,693]" captionStartId-1="27.[113,190,1990,2012]" captionStartId-2="28.[113,190,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,235,649]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1474,234,1972]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1474,236,1962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-786@26.[113,1474,234,659]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@27.[113,1474,234,1972]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@28.[113,1474,236,1964]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="Figures 111–113: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n., mitotic metaphase (111), postpachytene (112) and ideogram (113) (y axis - % of the chromosome length of the haploid set) of male holotype. Scale bar = 5 μm." captionText-1="Figures 114–116: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n., promenade à deux (courtship dance) in a mating pair of individuals collected from the type locality. Photos taken in laboratory. Male is on the right." captionText-2="Figures 117–118: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n., cheliceral massage (117) and spermatophore deposition (118) in a mating pair of individuals collected from the type locality. Photos taken in laboratory. Male is on the right." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511517" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511519" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511521" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6511517/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6511519/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6511521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">111–118</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="1D35035A5129FF9D5C29D99BFD62FC1F" box="[628,745,966,990]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStartId-0="8.[112,168,987,1008]" captionStartId-1="19.[113,169,1225,1246]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-540@8.[155,1419,222,960]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-432@19.[117,1474,234,1210]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Table 1. Comparative measurements of adults of Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D)." captionText-1="Table 2. Variation in morphometric ratios of adult Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/04C866695125FF915E2DD986FD87FBCF" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/04C86669513EFF8A5E2CDE94FD7EFB3D" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" tableUuid-0="04C866695125FF915E2DD986FD87FBCF" tableUuid-1="04C86669513EFF8A5E2CDE94FD7EFB3D">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
) 
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http://zoobank.org/ 
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</paragraph>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A5129FF9D5E29DE1BFD24FB5F" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9D5E29DE1BFD24FB5F" blockId="4.[116,774,1093,1182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="70A711CF5129FF9D5E29DE1BFD24FB5F" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitation id="D11610F05129FF9D5E29DE1BFD80FB9C" author="HENDRIXSON" box="[116,523,1093,1118]" page="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5E29DE1BFD80FB9C" ID-CoL="62HVF" authority=": Hendrixson, 2006: 47 - 52" authorityName=": Hendrixson" authorityPageNumber="47 - 52" authorityYear="2006" box="[116,523,1093,1118]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5E29DE1BFF5CFB9F" box="[116,215,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Buthacus</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5EB1DE1BFD80FB9C" author="Hendrixson" box="[236,523,1093,1118]" firstAuthor="Hendrixson" page="47 - 52" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="33 - 120" refId="ref14260" refString="HENDRIXSON, B. E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33 - 120." type="journal article" year="2006">Hendrixson, 2006: 47–52</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 4–5, plates 3–4 (in part); 
<treatmentCitation id="D11610F05129FF9D5F57DE3BFE76FBBF" author="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE &amp; J. PLISKOVA &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY" box="[266,509,1126,1150]" page="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5F57DE3BFE76FBBF" author="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE &amp; J. PLISKOVA &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY" box="[266,509,1126,1150]" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 19" part="173" refId="ref14538" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE, J. PLISKOVA &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY. 2013. A new scorpion genus, Gint gen. n., from the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 173: 1 - 19." title="A new scorpion genus, Gint gen. n., from the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Kovařík et al., 2013: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); 
<treatmentCitation id="D11610F05129FF9D5C36DE3BFE89FB5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4673059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4673059" author="KOVARIK" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A1E8F5B9476FFF2FE9BFCCC9076FACE" page="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5C36DE3BFE89FB5F" author="Kovarik" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kovarik" page="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref14669" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY. 2016 b. Review of Northwestern African Buthacus, with description of Buthacus stockmanni sp. n. from Morocco and Western Sahara (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 236: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">Kovařík et al., 2016b: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); 
<treatmentCitation id="D11610F05129FF9D5F30DEDBFDC1FB5F" author="KOVARIK, F." box="[365,586,1157,1182]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD1987EBFF8AFFD3FC73FB05FC82B879" page="6-10" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5F30DEDBFDC1FB5F" author="KOVARIK, F." box="[365,586,1157,1182]" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 12" part="269" refId="ref14419" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2018. Notes on the genera Buthacus, Compsobuthus, and Lanzatus with several synonymies and corrections of published characters (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 269: 1 - 12." title="Notes on the genera Buthacus, Compsobuthus, and Lanzatus with several synonymies and corrections of published characters (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">Kovařík, 2018: 6–10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A5129FF9D5E29DE9BFDC8FB1C" box="[116,579,1222,1246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9D5E29DE9BFDC8FB1C" blockId="4.[116,579,1222,1246]" box="[116,579,1222,1246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="0B40818D5129FF9D5E29DE9BFDC8FB1C" box="[116,579,1222,1246]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
<typeStatus id="8F0C88435129FF9D5E29DE9BFF21FB1C" box="[116,170,1222,1245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES. 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5F56DE9BFD8BFB1F" ID-CoL="7CXQH" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[267,512,1222,1246]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5F56DE9BFD8BFB1F" box="[267,512,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trypanothacus barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5C5ADE9BFDABFB1F" bold="true" box="[519,544,1222,1246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5C70DE9BFDB7FB1F" bold="true" box="[557,572,1222,1246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A5129FF9D5E29DF5BFD5FFA1F" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9D5E29DF5BFD5FFA1F" blockId="4.[116,774,1286,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
ETYMOLOGY. The generic epithet 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5FBDDF5BFDF4FADF" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[480,639,1286,1310]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5FBDDF5BFDF4FADF" box="[480,639,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(masculine) is formed so as to rhyme with 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5FE8DF7BFD93FAFF" authorityName=": Hendrixson" authorityYear="2006" box="[437,536,1318,1342]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5FE8DF7BFD93FAFF" box="[437,536,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, presumably a closely allied genus. The latter is deconstructed into Greek terms: βους (bous) = ox, θυσία (thysia) = sacrifice; and Latin ending: 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5E29DFDBFF2EFA5C" box="[116,165,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">acus</emphasis>
= needle. Here we combine the last two morphemes with Greek τρυπάνι (trypáni) = drill, a reference to the habit of burrowing in more consolidated soils by these scorpions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A5129FF9D5E29DC5BFE7EF9DC" box="[116,501,1542,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9D5E29DC5BFE7EF9DC" blockId="4.[116,501,1542,1566]" box="[116,501,1542,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
DISTRIBUTION. 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715129FF9D5F48DC5BFE29F9DF" box="[277,418,1542,1566]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715129FF9D5FF1DC5BFE66F9DF" box="[428,493,1542,1566]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Oman</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A5129FF9F5E29DC1BFD66FEA2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9D5E29DC1BFC33FA40" blockId="4.[116,774,1606,2046]" lastBlockId="4.[819,1477,233,1409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
DIAGNOSIS. Medium-sized buthids (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5FA3DC1BFD29F99F" author="KOVARIK, F." bookContentInfo="170 pp." box="[510,674,1606,1630]" journalOrPublisher="Prague: Clairon Production" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14378" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production, 170 pp." title="Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species" type="book" year="2009">Kovařík, 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5CECDC1BFF26F9BF" author="SISSOM, W. D." editor="POLIS, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Stanford University Press, Stanford, California" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="64 - 160" refId="ref15639" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 1990. Systematics, biogeography and paleontology. Pp. 64 - 160 in POLIS, G. A. (Ed.) The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California." title="Systematics, biogeography and paleontology" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Biology of Scorpions" year="1990">Sissom, 1990</bibRefCitation>
), adults 
<quantity id="974F9B045129FF9D5F4BDC38FE1AF9BC" box="[278,401,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 mm</quantity>
long; carapace trapezoidal with straight anterior margin, without downward-sloped preocular area, surfaces with sparse to moderately dense, fine and coarse granulation interspersed with smooth areas, only anterior median carinae developed, other carinae obsolete, anterior area glossy in females; 5 lateral eyes in ‘ 
<typeStatus id="8F0C88435129FF9D5C43DD5BFDDAF8DF" box="[542,593,1798,1822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
5’ pattern (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5C97DD5BFEB1F8FF" author="Loria &amp; Prendini" firstAuthor="Loria" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="112913" refId="ref14951" refString="LORIA, S. F. &amp; L. PRENDINI. 2014. Homology of the lateral eyes of Scorpiones: a six-ocellus model. PLoS ONE 9 (12): e 112913. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0112913." type="journal article" year="2014">Loria &amp; Prendini, 2014</bibRefCitation>
); chelicerae with typical buthid dentition (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5E26DD1BFE96F89C" author="Vachon" box="[123,285,1861,1886]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="161 - 166" refId="ref15851" refString="VACHON, M. 1963. De l'utilite, en systematique, d'une nomenclature des dents de cheliceres chez les scorpions. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (2), 35 (2): 161 - 166." type="journal article" year="1963">Vachon, 1963</bibRefCitation>
), ventral aspect of fixed finger with two denticles; tergites I–VI with three short, granulose posterior carinae, not projecting beyond posterior margins; tergites I–II with lateral carinae inconspicuous; sternite VII with 2 pairs of weak to moderate carinae; pectines with fulcra, marginal and middle lamellae with dense fine reddish setae; female pectines reach or extend beyond distal end of coxa IV, pectinal tooth counts, 
<specimenCount id="46B1FD685129FF9D5DDADB54FC10FEE1" box="[903,923,265,288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
22–26, 
<specimenCount id="46B1FD685129FF9D5DA9DB54FB83FEE1" box="[1012,1032,265,288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
15–22; hemispermatophore flagelliform, capsule in 3+1-lobe configuration, with 3 sperm hemiduct lobes well separated from flagellum, and small, knob-like basal lobe; sternum subtriangular; metasomal segments moderately robust, segment II as wide as others, segments I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, incomplete on II–III; ventromedian carinae on segments II–III well developed with strong denticles that are larger in females, segment V with enlarged lobate dentition on ventrolateral carinae; dorsal carinae of metasoma with sparse medium to long macrosetae in both sexes; telson vesicle bulbous, without subaculear tubercle, aculeus shorter than vesicle; pedipalps short relative to body, femur and patella as long as or shorter than carapace, chelae small with carinae reduced or obsolete, movable finger not more than 1.6 times ventral length of manus, dentate margin of movable finger armed with 7–9 non-imbricated linear subrows of primary denticles or granules, each subrow flanked by internal and external accessory denticles, 3–6 subterminal denticles; males without recess or scalloping of dentate margins at base of pedipalp fingers, chela manus broader than in females; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic 
<typeStatus id="8F0C88435129FF9D5B5FD9F4FABBFC00" box="[1282,1328,937,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
A (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5B31D9F4FCE6FC20" author="Vachon" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="857 - 958" refId="ref15895" refString="VACHON, M. 1974. Etudes des caracteres utilises pour classer les familles et les genres des scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e serie, 140 (Zoologie, 104): 857 - 958." type="journal article" year="1974">Vachon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
); femur with dorsal trichobothria in ss-configuration (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5D67D9B4FC53FBC0" author="Vachon" box="[826,984,1001,1025]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1597 - 1599" refId="ref15957" refString="VACHON, M. 1975. Sur l'utilisation de la trichobothriotaxie du bras des pedipalps des Scorpions (Arachnides) dans le classement des genres de famille des Buthidae Simon. Compte rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris Ser. D Sciences Naturelles, 281 (21): 1597 - 1599." type="journal article" year="1975">Vachon, 1975</bibRefCitation>
), petite trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5ABED9B4FB7BFBC0" box="[1251,1264,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5AACD9A4FB72FBC6" attach="left" box="[1265,1273,1017,1031]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
located on dorsal surface, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5DCDDE57FC17FBE0" box="[912,924,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5DC1DE44FC2FFBE6" attach="left" box="[924,932,1049,1063]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
distal to 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5A50DE54FB91FBE0" box="[1037,1050,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5A47DE44FBA9FBE6" attach="left" box="[1050,1058,1049,1063]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">5</subScript>
; patella with 7 external, 5 dorsal, and 1 internal trichobothrium, patella 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5AEFDE74FB34FB80" box="[1202,1215,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5AE2DE64FB4CFB86" attach="left" box="[1215,1223,1081,1095]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
present, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B6EDE74FACBFB80" box="[1331,1344,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5B1CDE64FAC2FB86" attach="left" box="[1345,1353,1081,1095]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">3</subScript>
positioned internal to dorsomedian carina; manus with 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B52DE17FA94FBA0" box="[1295,1311,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">V</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5B42DE04FAACFBA6" attach="left" box="[1311,1319,1113,1127]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">1</subScript>
- 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B6DDE17FACBFBA0" box="[1328,1344,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">V</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5B1DDE04FAC3FBA6" attach="left" box="[1344,1352,1113,1127]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</subScript>
axis nearly collinear with long axis of chela, fixed finger with 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5BDEDE34FA15FB40" box="[1411,1438,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">db</emphasis>
on proximal part of finger between 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5AC1DED4FB4BFB60" box="[1180,1216,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">esb</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5AA4DED7FA9CFB60" box="[1273,1303,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">est</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B7ADED4FABDFB61" box="[1319,1334,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">it</emphasis>
located near tip; legs moderately robust, tibial spurs present on legs III– IV, but spurs may be reduced or absent on leg III; basitarsi I–III compressed, equipped with retrosuperior bristle-comb of macrosetae about as wide as segment, soles of telotarsi with ca. 5–10 unpaired macrosetae near mid-ventral axis, tarsal ungues of moderate to short length, strongly curved and tapered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E15129FF9F5D6EDFF4FD66FEA2" blockId="4.[819,1477,1449,2049]" lastBlockId="6.[113,772,235,355]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
AFFINITIES. The ss-configuration of femoral trichobothria, internal position of patella 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5A31DF94FBF2FA20" box="[1132,1145,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45129FF9D5A24DF84FB0AFA26" attach="left" box="[1145,1153,1497,1511]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">3</subScript>
, and 3+1-lobe configuration of hemispermatophore capsule place 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5A93DFB4FAE6F9C0" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1230,1389,1513,1537]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5A93DFB4FAE6F9C0" box="[1230,1389,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885129FF9D5B2BDFB4FA4EF9C1" box="[1398,1477,1513,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B2BDFB4FA15F9C0" bold="true" box="[1398,1438,1513,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5BF2DFB4FA35F9C0" bold="true" box="[1455,1470,1513,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
firmly in the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5D9ADC54FB9CF9E0" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[967,1047,1545,1569]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Buthus</taxonomicName>
group’, an Old World clade distributed across semi-arid and arid Palaearctic lands (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5B44DC74FA4AF980" author="Fet" box="[1305,1473,1577,1601]" etAl="et al" firstAuthor="Fet" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref14219" refString="FET, V., M. E. SOLEGLAD &amp; G. LOWE. 2005. A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida). Euscorpius, 23: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2005">Fet et al, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5D6EDC14FBA5F9A0" author="Kovarik" box="[819,1070,1609,1633]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kovarik" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref14587" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE, K. B. RANAWANA, D. HOFEREK, V. A. SANJEEWA JAYARATHNE, J. PLISKOVA &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY. 2016 a. Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Arachnida, Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972 stat. n .. Euscorpius, 220: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">Kovařík et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
). Within this group, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5B7BDC14FA4EF9A0" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1318,1477,1609,1633]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B7BDC14FA4EF9A0" box="[1318,1477,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885129FF9D5D6EDC34FC0AF941" box="[819,897,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5D6EDC34FCD0F940" bold="true" box="[819,859,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5D36DC34FCF1F940" bold="true" box="[875,890,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5A8DDC34FA4FF940" authority="Birula, 1908" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[1232,1476,1641,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5A8DDC34FAB8F940" box="[1232,1331,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Buthacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5B60DC34FA4FF940" author="Birula" box="[1341,1476,1641,1665]" firstAuthor="Birula" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="121 - 152" refId="ref13912" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1908. Ergebnisse der mit Subvention aus der Erbschaft Treitl unternommenen zoologischen Forschungsreise Dr. F. Werner`s nach dem agyptischen Sudan und Nord-Uganda. XIV. Scorpiones und Solifugae. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 117 / 2 (1): 121 - 152." type="journal article" year="1908">Birula, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(under which one of its species was originally described) and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5D6EDCF4FB02F900" authority="Levy et al., 1973" authorityName="Levy" authorityYear="1973" box="[819,1161,1705,1729]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5D6EDCF4FC3EF900" box="[819,949,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105129FF9D5D9CDCF4FB02F900" author="Levy" box="[961,1161,1705,1729]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Levy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref14867" refString="LEVY, G., P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV. 1973. New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52 (2): 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1973">Levy et al., 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Characters shared by these genera include reduced or obsolete carapacial carination, weakly granular, almost smooth tergites with three short carinae, short pedipalps with reduced carination and fingers bearing linear granule rows with internal and variable external accessory denticles, metasomal segments rather elongate, nearly uniform in width, with variably denticulate ventromedian/ ventrolateral carinae on segments II–III and V, and basitarsal bristle-combs. However, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5B77DDF4FA06F800" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[1322,1421,1961,1985]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5B77DDF4FA06F800" box="[1322,1421,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625129FF9D5D6EDD94FC3EF820" box="[819,949,1993,2017]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35129FF9D5D6EDD94FC3EF820" box="[819,949,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are differentiated by the shape of the telson, which has a somewhat pyriform vesicle and a long, curved aculeus (aculeus L/ vesicle L 0.74–1.24). This contrasts with the more bulbous vesicle and shorter aculeus of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5C76DC60FD41F994" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[555,714,1597,1621]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C76DC60FD41F994" box="[555,714,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885128FF9C5C89DC60FF0CF9B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C89DC60FD77F994" bold="true" box="[724,764,1597,1621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5E2CDC00FF0BF9B4" bold="true" box="[113,128,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(aculeus L/ vesicle L 0.59–0.76) (
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5FA6DC00FDF6F9B4" box="[507,637,1629,1653]" captionStart="Figures 15–22" captionStartId="10.[113,190,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[120,1471,258,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[113,1474,234,1934]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 15–22: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 15, 20–22. Male holotype, metasoma V and telson lateral view (15), metasoma and telson lateral (20), ventral (21), and dorsal (22) views. Figures. 16–19. Female paratype from type locality, metasoma V and telson lateral view (16), metasoma and telson lateral (17), ventral (18), and dorsal (19) views. Scale bars: 4 mm (17–19, 20–21)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511479/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5CD4DC00FD44F9B4" box="[649,719,1629,1653]" captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="11.[116,193,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-69@11.[111,1474,234,1930]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 23–28: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 23–25. Male paratype from Thumrait (VII.1997), metasoma and telson dorsal (23), lateral (24) and ventral (25) views. Figures 26–28. Female paratype from Yalooni (XII.1988), metasoma and telson dorsal (26), lateral (27) and ventral (28) views. UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511481/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">24, 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5C86DC00FF69F954" captionStart="Figures 29–46" captionStartId="12.[115,192,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[131,1463,242,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-164@12.[113,1471,234,1854]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 29–46: Figures 29–42: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 29–40. Pedipalp segments. Figures 29–38. Male holotype, chela dorsal (29), external (30), and ventral (31) views. Patella dorsal (32), external (33) and ventral (34) views. Femur and trochanter internal (35), dorsal (36), and ventral (37) views. Movable finger dentition (38). Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 30–33 and 35–36. Figures 39– 40. Female paratype from the type locality, chela dorsal (39) and external (40) views. Figures 41–42. Telson, male holotype (41) and female paratype from type locality (42), lateral views. Figures 43–44: T. buettikeri comb. n., pedipalp chela dorsal, male holotype (43) and female paratype (44). Figures 45–46: Buthacus stockmanni Kovařík et al., 2016, telson, male holotype (45) and female paratype (46), lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511485/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">41– 42, 45–46</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5EADDC20FECEF954" box="[240,325,1661,1685]" captionStart="Figures 96–106" captionStartId="24.[113,187,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[113,1474,231,1891]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figures 96–106: Trypanothacus buettikeri comb. n. Figures 96–101. Male holotype, lateral view of metasoma and telson (96), dorsal views of pedipalp chela (97) patella (98) and femur (99), external views of pedipalp chela (100) and patella (101). Figure 102. Male from Wadi Turabah (NHMB No. 509), dorsal view of pedipalp patella. Figures 103–106. Female paratype (NHMB 896), lateral views of metasoma (103) and pedipalp chela (104), dorsal view ofpedipalp patella (105) and femur (106).UV fluorescence.Scale bars:2 mm (96), 2 mm (97–101), 2 mm (102), 2 mm (103), 2 mm (104–106)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511511/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">96, 103</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5F0EDC20FEF4F954" box="[339,383,1661,1685]" captionStart="Figures 107–110" captionStartId="25.[113,189,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[121,1439,242,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-494@25.[113,1474,234,1386]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 107–110: Morphometric scaling relations of the telson of fossorial ‘Buthus group’ scorpions. Figure 107. Double logarithmic scatterplot of telson vesicle length/ depth (L/ D) ratio vs. aculeus length normalized to vesicle length (aculeus L/ vesicle L), for large pelophiles/ semipsammophiles (4 genera, 53 species) (Buthus, Odontobuthus, Pantobuthus: orange circles; Trypanothacus gen. n.: blue circles) and large psammophiles/ ultrapsammophiles (6 genera, 29 species) (Buthacus: cyan circles; Vachoniolus: dark green circles; Apistobuthus, Buthiscus, Liobuthus, and Plesiobuthus: yellow circles). Dark line: linear least squares regression fit to all data shown (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.57). Upper right inset: diagram of measurements estimated from inverted telson lateral profiles, with dorsal surface of vesicle approximately leveled; SA = ventral profile length of aculeus from base point to tip, LV = length of vesicle from anterior limit or inflection point to aculeus base point; HV = vesicle depth or height (distance between dorsal and ventral tangent planes). Base point was placed at local minimum of inverted ventral profile curve. SA was calculated by cubic spline fit (&gt;10 anchor points). For a minority of broken tips, SA was estimated by intersecting extrapolated dorsal and ventral profile curves (&lt;5%). Figure 108. Scatterplot of fossorial buthids in Figure 107, superposed upon larger scale plot of Order Scorpiones (gray circles). Gray line: linear least squares regression fit to Order Scorpiones data (including data in Figure 107) (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = –0.62).Also plotted are data from small ‘Buthus group’ psammophiles/ ultrapsammophiles (5 genera, 10 species: Compsobuthus arabicus, Lanzatus somalilandus, Neobuthus kutcheri, Picobuthus dundoni, P. wahibaensis, Anomalobuthus krivochatskyi, A. pavlovskyi, A. rickmersi, A. lowei, A. talebii) (dark yellow circles). Figure 109. Double logarithmic scatterplot of carapace length (L) vs. aculeus length normalized to vesicle length (i.e., aculeus L/ vesicle L) for psammophile/ ultrapsammophile members of the ‘Buthus group’, including large species in Figure 107, and small species in Figure 108 (dark yellow circles). Blue line: linear least squares regression fit to all data shown (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.74). Figure 110. Scatterplot of psammophile buthid data in Figure 109 (all in one color, blue circles) superposed upon larger scale plot of Order Scorpiones (gray circles). Gray line: linear least squares regression to Order Scorpiones data (including data in Figure 109) (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = –0.01). Also plotted are data from bothriurid genus Brachistosternus (43 species) (magenta triangles), and corresponding linear least squares regression fit (R = 0.39). All plots in Figures 107-110 include data from both males and females. Data were assembled by mining taxonomic literature or directly measuring specimens. Included are 1854 species or subspecies (1331 ♂, 1201 ♀) representing all known extant genera (1841 species or subspecies) plus 7 fossil genera (13 species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511515/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">107</figureCitation>
). Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5C71DC20FD40F954" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[556,715,1661,1685]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C71DC20FD40F954" box="[556,715,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885128FF9C5C89DC20FF0DF974" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C89DC20FD77F954" bold="true" box="[724,764,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5E2CDCC0FF0BF974" bold="true" box="[113,128,1693,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5ECADCC0FF71F974" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,250,1693,1717]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5ECADCC0FF71F974" box="[151,250,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5F68DCC0FE3CF974" box="[309,439,1693,1717]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5F68DCC0FE3CF974" box="[309,439,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may in some cases also have more slender legs and metasoma, denser setation on dorsal metasomal carinae and soles of telotarsi, and more expansive bristle-combs wider than the basitarsus. 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5C01DCA0FD55F8D4" box="[604,734,1789,1813]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C01DCA0FD55F8D4" box="[604,734,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distingushed by femoral trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5CC6DD43FD2CF8F4" box="[667,679,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45128FF9C5CFBDD70FD25F8FA" attach="left" box="[678,686,1837,1851]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
placed approximately level with or proximal to 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C44DD60FDADF894" box="[537,550,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="CC3334A45128FF9C5C7BDD10FDA5F89A" attach="left" box="[550,558,1869,1883]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">5</subScript>
, and by pronounced sexual dimorphism of pedipalp chelae which are swollen in adult males (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5EA1DD20FE3CF854" author="Levy" box="[252,439,1917,1941]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Levy" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref14867" refString="LEVY, G., P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV. 1973. New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52 (2): 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1973">Levy et al., 1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5F9EDD20FDD2F854" author="Vachon" box="[451,601,1917,1941]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="30 - 66" refId="ref16014" refString="VACHON, M. 1979. Arachnids of Saudi Arabia, Scorpiones. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1: 30 - 66." type="journal article" year="1979">Vachon, 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5C3BDD23FD73F854" author="Lowe" box="[614,760,1917,1941]" firstAuthor="Lowe" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref15196" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 b. The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman. Euscorpius, 100: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Lowe, 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from these differences, a close relationship of this triad of genera is suggested by the similarity of the hemispermatophore capsules which all have fairly long, lanceolate posterior lobes, and small knob-like basal lobes (
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5AF4DC40FAA4F9F4" box="[1193,1327,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figures 71–77" captionStartId="15.[113,190,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[113,1460,257,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[110,1474,236,1899]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 71–77: Trypanothacus barnesi gen. et sp. n. Figures 71–73. Paratype male, right chelicera, dorsal (71), ventral (72) and ventral UV fluorescence (73) views. Scale bar: 1 mm. Figures 74–77. Holotype male, right hemispermatophore, capsule region with lobes in anterior (74), convex compressed (75) and posterior (76) views, and whole hemispermatophore in convex view (77). Scale bars: 1 mm (71–73), 500 µm (74–76), 1 mm (77)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511493/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figs. 74–76</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C88C2A645128FF9C5B1DDC40FA08F9F4" box="[1344,1411,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figures 78–83" captionStartId="16.[113,188,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[181,1394,252,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-12@16.[143,1427,238,1875]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 78–83: Hemispermatophore capsule regions and lobes of buthid genera presumed to be closely related to Trypanothacus gen. n.. Figures 78–79:Buthacus stockmanni Kovařík,Lowe et Šťáhlavský, 2016(topoparatype male,N.ofZag,Morocco).Figures80–81:Buthacus nigroaculeatus Levy, Amitai et Shulov, 1973 (Wadi Muqshin, Montesar, Oman, 30.III.1989, leg. A.S. Gardner). Figures 82–83: Vachoniolus globimanus Levy, Amitai et Shulov, 1973 (Ramlat As Sahmah, Oman, 7.X.1994, leg. G. Lowe &amp; M.D. Gallagher). All figures right capsule except Figures 78–79 (mirrored left).Anterior (78, 81–82) and convex compressed (79–80, 83) views. Scale bars: 400 µm (78–79), 400 µm (80–81), 400 µm (82–83)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">78–81</figureCitation>
) (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5D39DC63FBABF994" author="Levy" box="[868,1056,1597,1622]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Levy" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref14867" refString="LEVY, G., P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV. 1973. New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52 (2): 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1973">Levy et al., 1973</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5A73DC63FA90F994" author="LEVY, G. &amp; P. AMITAI" box="[1070,1307,1597,1622]" journalOrPublisher="The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14836" refString="LEVY, G. &amp; P. AMITAI. 1980. Scorpiones. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida I. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem, 1980." title="Scorpiones. Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida I" type="book" year="1980">Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5B7ADC60FA35F994" author="Vachon" box="[1319,1470,1597,1621]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="66 - 100" refId="ref15760" refString="VACHON, M. 1949. Etudes sur les Scorpions. III (suite). Description des Scorpions du Nord de l'Afrique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 27 (1): 66 - 100." type="journal article" year="1949">Vachon, 1949</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5D6DDC00FCE3F9B4" author="Vachon" box="[816,872,1629,1653]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15799" refString="VACHON, M. 1952. Etude sur les Scorpions. Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Alger, 482 pp." type="book" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5D26DC00FC38F9B4" author="Vachon" box="[891,947,1629,1653]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1012 - 1028" refId="ref15819" refString="VACHON, M. 1953. Contribution a'l etude du peuplement de la Mauritanie. Scorpions. Bulletin d'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 55 (3): 1012 - 1028." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5D9ADC03FBEAF9B4" author="Lowe" box="[967,1121,1629,1653]" firstAuthor="Lowe" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref15196" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 b. The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman. Euscorpius, 100: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Lowe, 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5A27DC00FA92F9B4" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1146,1305,1629,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5A27DC00FA92F9B4" box="[1146,1305,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885128FF9C5B75DC00FAF0F9B4" box="[1320,1403,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5B75DC00FADBF9B4" bold="true" box="[1320,1360,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5B38DC00FAFFF9B4" bold="true" box="[1381,1396,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
bears some outward resemblance to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5AD9DC20FA35F954" authority="Vachon, 1950" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1950" box="[1156,1470,1661,1685]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Odontobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5AD9DC20FA90F954" box="[1156,1307,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odontobuthus</emphasis>
Vachon, 1950
</taxonomicName>
, which also occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715128FF9C5A4DDCC0FBDFF974" box="[1040,1108,1693,1717]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Oman</collectingCountry>
, and more widely in 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715128FF9C5B6FDCC3FAEBF974" box="[1330,1376,1694,1717]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715128FF9C5B37DCC3FA1EF974" box="[1386,1429,1694,1717]" name="Iraq" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="28A076715128FF9C5D6DDCE0FC05F914" box="[816,910,1725,1749]" name="Pakistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
. Both genera have tricarinate tergites, robust legs and metasoma, enlarged dentition on ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–III and ventrolateral carinae of metasoma V, and a bulbous telson with relatively short, stout aculeus. However, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5D6DDD60FC4CF894" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1950" box="[816,967,1853,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Odontobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5D6DDD60FC4CF894" box="[816,967,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odontobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is differentiated by: (i) strongly developed carination on the carapace, with distinct central lateral carinae joined to posterior median carinae in a lyre configuration (vs. obsolete carination in 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5A01DDC0FB70F874" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1116,1275,1949,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5A01DDC0FB70F874" box="[1116,1275,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885128FF9C5B58DDC0FAD8F874" box="[1285,1363,1949,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5B58DDC0FAA6F874" bold="true" box="[1285,1325,1949,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5B62DDC0FAC5F874" bold="true" box="[1343,1358,1949,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
); and (ii) hemispermatophore basal lobe a well defined, digitate hook (
<bibRefCitation id="34264B105128FF9C5D65DD80FC47F834" author="Lowe" box="[824,972,2013,2037]" firstAuthor="Lowe" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15167" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 a. A new species of Odontobuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northern Oman. Euscorpius, 96: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Lowe, 2010a</bibRefCitation>
), that is quite different from the small knob- like protuberance of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5F02DAB6FE75FEC2" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[351,510,235,259]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F02DAB6FE75FEC2" box="[351,510,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5C57DAB6FDD1FEC3" box="[522,602,235,259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C57DAB6FDB9FEC2" bold="true" box="[522,562,235,259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C18DAB6FDDFFEC2" bold="true" box="[581,596,235,259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5C30DAB6FD5BFEC2" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[621,720,235,259]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C30DAB6FD5BFEC2" box="[621,720,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5E2CDB56FF78FEE2" box="[113,243,267,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CDB56FF78FEE2" box="[113,243,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Similar parallels and contrasts can be noted when comparing 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5EADDB76FE04FE82" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[240,399,299,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5EADDB76FE04FE82" box="[240,399,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5FC1DB76FE66FE83" box="[412,493,299,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5FC1DB76FE4FFE82" bold="true" box="[412,452,299,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F8ADB76FE6DFE82" bold="true" box="[471,486,299,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5C46DB76FD74FE82" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[539,767,299,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C46DB76FDEEFE82" box="[539,613,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthus</emphasis>
Leach, 1815
</taxonomicName>
, another widespread Old World genus of burrowing buthids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="04C866695128FF9C5E2CDFECFC4CF9C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6511467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6511467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6511467/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[113,190,1457,1479]" targetBox="[113,1474,223,1433]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="500836E15128FF9C5E2CDFECFC4CF9C0" blockId="5.[113,1474,1457,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5E2CDFECFF78FA07" bold="true" box="[113,243,1457,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 5–10</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D625128FF9C5EA2DFECFE50FA07" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[255,475,1457,1478]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi" status="gen. et sp. n.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5EA2DFECFE50FA07" box="[255,475,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Trypanothacus barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F057885128FF9C5FBDDFECFDD0FA06" box="[480,603,1457,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5FBDDFECFD8FFA07" bold="true" box="[480,516,1457,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">gen</emphasis>
. et 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C78DFECFDB7FA07" bold="true" box="[549,572,1457,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C1ADFECFDDFFA07" bold="true" box="[583,596,1457,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C3DDFECFD35FA07" bold="true" box="[608,702,1457,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 5</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C94DFECFD5EFA07" bold="true" box="[713,725,1457,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">7</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5CBDDFECFD67FA07" bold="true" box="[736,748,1457,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">9</emphasis>
. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–V (5), coxosternal area and sternites (7), right legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (9.I–IV). 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C0CDF93FD39FA22" bold="true" box="[593,690,1486,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 6</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C9CDF93FD46FA22" bold="true" box="[705,717,1486,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">8</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF35128FF9C5C81DF93FD7FFA22" bold="true" box="[732,756,1486,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">10</emphasis>
. Female paratype from the type locality, carapace and tergites I–III (6), coxosternal area and sternites III–IV (8), right legs III–IV, retrolateral aspect (10.III–IV).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="18AD656A512BFF9F5E2CDBD6FBB5FC62" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5E2CDBD6FD96FE03" blockId="6.[113,772,395,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="0B40818D512BFF9F5E2CDBD6FD96FE03" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
SUBORDINATE TAXA. 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5F06DBD6FDD3FE62" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[347,600,395,419]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F06DBD6FDD3FE62" box="[347,600,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5C3ADBD6FD27FE63" box="[615,684,395,419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C3ADBD6FD0BFE62" bold="true" box="[615,640,395,419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CCBDBD6FD2EFE62" bold="true" box="[662,677,395,419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CADDBD6FE24FE02" authority="(Hendrixson, 2006)" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Hendrixson" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CADDBD6FF5CFE02" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">T. buettikeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5EB8DBF6FE23FE02" author="Hendrixson" box="[229,424,427,451]" firstAuthor="Hendrixson" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="33 - 120" refId="ref14260" refString="HENDRIXSON, B. E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33 - 120." type="journal article" year="2006">Hendrixson, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5FEBDBF6FD9BFE02" box="[438,528,427,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5FEBDBF6FE7FFE02" bold="true" box="[438,500,427,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">comb</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C5CDBF6FD9BFE02" bold="true" box="[513,528,427,451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
..
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5E2CDBB6FD06FDA3" blockId="6.[113,772,491,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
COMMENTS. We discuss a few other species of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CFDDBB6FC88FDC2" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[672,771,491,515]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CFDDBB6FC88FDC2" box="[672,771,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that have been linked to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5FD9D856FDDCFDE2" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[388,599,523,547]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5FD9D856FDDCFDE2" box="[388,599,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of diagnostic characters of the metasoma and telson, that may justify transferring them to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5FCAD816FDBDFDA2" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[407,566,587,611]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5FCAD816FDBDFDA2" box="[407,566,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5C61D816FD0BFDA2" box="[572,640,587,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C61D816FDEFFDA2" bold="true" box="[572,612,587,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C2CD816FD0BFDA2" bold="true" box="[625,640,587,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5EC2D836FF71FBC3" blockId="6.[113,772,491,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
(1) 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5E8ED836FE1DFD42" author="LOURENCO, W. R." box="[211,406,619,643]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 70" part="38" refId="ref14996" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2006. Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38: 59 - 70." title="Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço (2006)</bibRefCitation>
incorrectly restored 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CFDD836FE2AFD62" authority="(Simon, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CFDD836FF79FD62" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus tadmorensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5F55D8D6FE11FD62" author="Simon" box="[264,410,651,675]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="80 - 84" refId="ref15604" refString="SIMON, E. 1892. Liste des arachnides recueillis en Syrie par M. le docteur Theod. Barrois. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 5: 80 - 84." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
of Palmyra, 
<collectingCountry id="28A07671512BFF9F5C62D8D6FDF1FD62" box="[575,634,651,675]" name="Syria" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Syria</collectingCountry>
, which was synonymized under 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5F18D8F6FC88FD02" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[325,771,683,707]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocentrus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F18D8F6FDB5FD03" box="[325,574,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus macrocentrus</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5ECFD896FEB2FD22" author="Kovarik" box="[146,313,715,739]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14299" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2005. Taxonomic position of species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 described by Ehrenberg and Lourenco, and description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 28: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2005">Kovařík (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, arguing that the former is distinguished by strongly developed ventromedian carinae on metasoma II–III with enlarged denticles, a character that Simon (1982) cited in his description. However, the Palmyra specimens examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5EC8D916FEC0FCA2" author="LOURENCO, W. R." box="[149,331,843,867]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 70" part="38" refId="ref14996" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2006. Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38: 59 - 70." title="Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço (2006)</bibRefCitation>
were characterized only as “... possibly part of the 
<typeStatus id="8F0C8843512BFF9F5EB7D936FE93FC42" box="[234,280,875,899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
material of Simon”, leaving ambiguity about the identity of this species. The opinion was expressed that 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5E2CD9F6FD74FC02" authority="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov, 1973" authorityName="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov" authorityYear="1973" box="[113,767,939,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leptochelys" subSpecies="nitzani">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CD9F6FE21FC03" box="[113,426,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus leptochelys nitzani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5FE9D9F6FD74FC02" author="LEVY, G. &amp; P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV" box="[436,767,939,963]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="113 - 140" part="52" refId="ref14867" refString="LEVY, G., P. AMITAI &amp; A. SHULOV. 1973. New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 52 (2): 113 - 140." title="New scorpions from Israel, Jordan and Arabia" type="journal article" year="1973">Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a relatively robust form, could be a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CB1D996FF79FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CB1D996FD77FC23" box="[748,764,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CD9B6FF79FBC2" box="[113,242,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5EC2DE56FE2BF9A3" blockId="6.[113,772,491,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5EC2DE56FE10FBE2" author="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J-X. QI" box="[159,411,1035,1059]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="161 - 164" part="39" refId="ref15093" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J-X. QI. 2006. A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), from Pakistan. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39: 161 - 164." title="A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), from Pakistan" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço &amp; Qi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
remarked that 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5C1ADE56FD44FBE2" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[583,719,1035,1059]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C1ADE56FDDCFBE3" box="[583,599,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C34DE56FD44FBE2" box="[617,719,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was similar to, and could be a “regional morph” or synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5E2CDE16FE9EFBA2" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[113,277,1099,1123]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CDE16FF0AFBA3" box="[113,129,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5EC9DE16FE9EFBA2" box="[148,277,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because “... the areas of distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CB1DE16FF79FB42" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CB1DE16FD77FBA3" box="[748,764,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CDE36FF79FB42" box="[113,242,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5F7FDE36FE7BFB42" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[290,496,1131,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F7FDE36FE7BFB42" box="[290,496,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not very much distinct ...”. The latter claim is questionable. Palmyra is far from the localities in central 
<collectingCountry id="28A07671512BFF9F5F13DEF6FE57FB02" box="[334,476,1195,1219]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
where we have confirmed 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5E2CDE96FF7DFB22" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[113,246,1227,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CDE96FF0BFB23" box="[113,128,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5ECDDE96FF7DFB22" box="[144,246,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resides based on our restudy of the 
<typeStatus id="8F0C8843512BFF9F5CD4DE96FD3CFB22" box="[649,695,1227,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
series. A few other 
<typeStatus id="8F0C8843512BFF9F5EA2DEB6FEBCFAC2" box="[255,311,1259,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
from a single, disjunct northern site near the Saudi Arabia-Jordan border, closer to 
<collectingCountry id="28A07671512BFF9F5C76DF56FDEDFAE2" box="[555,614,1291,1315]" name="Syria" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Syria</collectingCountry>
, have not been restudied and their taxonomic status remains unclear (see below). The posterior metasoma and telson of a male from Palmyra labeled as “ 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5F12DF36FE65FA42" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[335,494,1387,1411]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F12DF36FED4FA43" box="[335,351,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5F30DF36FE65FA42" box="[365,494,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was illustrated in lateral view by 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5E91DFD6FE2BFA62" author="LOURENCO, W. R." box="[204,416,1419,1443]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 70" part="38" refId="ref14996" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 2006. Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 38: 59 - 70." title="Further considerations on the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with a description of one new species and two new subspecies" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço (2006: 63</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 18). If this figure is accurate, the enlarged denticles on ventromedian carinae of metasoma III and ventrolateral carinae of metasoma V are consistent with 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5EF4DFB6FEA6F9C2" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[169,301,1515,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5EF4DFB6FF33F9C3" box="[169,184,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E9ADFB6FEA6F9C2" box="[199,301,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the more slender segments (metasoma IV L/D 2.12, V L/D 2.7), denser setation on dorsal metasomal carinae and ventral telson vesicle, and the less bulbous telson with longer aculeus, are not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5EC2DC36FEC0F8A2" blockId="6.[113,772,491,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
(2) 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5E85DC36FD8FF942" author="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J-X. QI" box="[216,516,1643,1667]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="161 - 164" part="39" refId="ref15093" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J-X. QI. 2006. A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), from Pakistan. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39: 161 - 164." title="A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones, Buthidae), from Pakistan" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço &amp; Qi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CFDDC36FE8AF962" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Qi" authorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakistanensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CFDDC36FE8AF962" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus pakistanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Thar Desert of 
<collectingCountry id="28A07671512BFF9F5C39DCD6FD49F962" box="[612,706,1675,1699]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
. The ventromedian carinae on metasoma II–III and ventrolateral carinae on V are strongly developed, with enlarged teeth in females. The telson is less pyriform, more bulbous, and has a shorter, less strongly curved aculeus compared to other 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5E2CDD76FE83F883" box="[113,264,1835,1859]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5E2CDD76FF5FF882" box="[113,212,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
The authors noted that this species was similar to “ 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5EC4DD16FEBCF8A2" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[153,311,1867,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5EC4DD16FF22F8A3" box="[153,169,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5EEBDD16FEBCF8A2" box="[182,311,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5EC2DD36FA30FE22" blockId="6.[113,772,491,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[816,1475,235,931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
(3) 
<bibRefCitation id="34264B10512BFF9F5E8DDD36FD9FF842" author="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; E. - A. LEGUIN" box="[208,532,1899,1923]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="103 - 108" part="46" refId="ref15044" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; E. - A. LEGUIN. 2009. A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 from the United Arab Emirates (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 46: 103 - 108." title="A new species of the genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 from the United Arab Emirates (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">Lourenço &amp; Leguin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5CFDDD36FF58F862" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Leguin" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5CFDDD36FF58F862" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus williamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 
<specimenCount id="46B1FD68512BFF9F5F17DDD6FE57F862" box="[330,476,1931,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
collected from the 
<collectingCountry id="28A07671512BFF9F5CE7DDD6FE86F802" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
in the region of 
<collectingRegion id="9273F803512BFF9F5F9EDDF6FD94F802" box="[451,543,1963,1987]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Al Fujayrah" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fujairah</collectingRegion>
; males are unknown. It was suggested to be related to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5FB0DD96FDFEF822" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[493,629,1995,2019]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5FB0DD96FE76F823" box="[493,509,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5C52DD96FDFEF822" box="[527,629,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares characters of enlarged dentition on ventromedian carinae on metasoma II–III and ventrolateral carinae on V, and a telson with relatively bulbous vesicle and shorter aculeus compared to other 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5A54DB16FB2EFEA3" box="[1033,1189,331,355]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5A54DB16FBE7FEA2" box="[1033,1132,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
However, it stands apart from both 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5DC2DB36FB89FE42" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[927,1026,363,387]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5DC2DB36FB89FE42" box="[927,1026,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5A68DB36FB5FFE42" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1077,1236,363,387]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5A68DB36FB5FFE42" box="[1077,1236,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5A84DB36FAAFFE43" box="[1241,1316,363,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5A84DB36FA8AFE42" bold="true" box="[1241,1281,363,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B53DB36FA96FE42" bold="true" box="[1294,1309,363,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having very short pectines in females, whose apical ends fall well short of the distal limits of coxae IV, and a low pectinal tooth count (13–14) below any recorded from either of those two genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500836E1512BFF9F5D03DBB6FBB5FC62" blockId="6.[816,1475,235,931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
Although the aforementioned species bear some similarities to 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5D92D856FBDFFDE2" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[975,1108,523,547]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buettikeri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5D92D856FC55FDE3" box="[975,990,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5DB3D856FBDFFDE2" box="[1006,1108,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">buettikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5A03D856FB49FDE3" box="[1118,1218,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5A03D856FB17FDE2" bold="true" box="[1118,1180,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">comb</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5AF0D856FB37FDE2" bold="true" box="[1197,1212,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5B5ED856FAF9FDE2" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1283,1394,523,547]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B5ED856FA99FDE3" box="[1283,1298,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">T</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B7FD856FAF9FDE2" box="[1314,1394,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5B21D856FA30FDE3" box="[1404,1467,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B21D856FA1EFDE2" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5BFBD856FA3EFDE2" bold="true" box="[1446,1461,523,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, until we can analyze and confirm materials of those species we take a conservative approach and limit the scope of the genus to the two species that we have so far examined. 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5B7ED836FA49FD42" authority="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Lowe &amp; Kovařík &amp; Stockmann &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1315,1474,619,643]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Trypanothacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B7ED836FA49FD42" box="[1315,1474,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Trypanothacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79F05788512BFF9F5D6DD8D6FCF6FD63" box="[816,893,651,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5D6DD8D6FCD3FD62" bold="true" box="[816,856,651,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">gen</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5D3AD8D6FCFDFD62" bold="true" box="[871,886,651,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
may represent a specialized lineage of the 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5B0BD8D6FA32FD62" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[1366,1465,651,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5B0BD8D6FA32FD62" box="[1366,1465,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- complex of psammophiles, that became secondarily adapted to burrowing in firmer substrates. Functional convergence may account for the metasoma and telson structure being similar those of other pelophilous or semi-psammophilous buthids (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5DE3D976FB83FC82" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[958,1032,811,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5DE3D976FB83FC82" box="[958,1032,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5A4AD976FB25FC82" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1950" box="[1047,1198,811,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Odontobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5A4AD976FB25FC82" box="[1047,1198,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Odontobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or of other more robust 
<taxonomicName id="97B74D62512BFF9F5D6DD916FC18FCA2" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[816,915,843,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62C3EAF3512BFF9F5D6DD916FC18FCA2" box="[816,915,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex species like those discussed above. Future molecular studies (in preparation) should assist in elucidating its phylogenetic position.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>